Article(id=1243879753355211730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879752042398333, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.08.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708185600000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774493643367, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1724083200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774493643367, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774493643367, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493643367, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243879752042398333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='8', pageStart='1133', pageEnd='1296', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774493643055, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493947997, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243881031133147325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879752042398333, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243881031133147326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879752042398333, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1277, endPage=1286, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243879753749476307, articleId=1243879753355211730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Active vibration control using left eigenstructure with receptance response, columnId=1241023038381158513, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Active control can directly control the low-frequency vibration and noise of a structure by applying control force on the structural system, so it plays an important role in vibration and noise control. In this paper, a method of left eigenvector assignment based on structural receptances was proposed, and the active control of structural vibration was realized by using the relationship between left eigenvector and excitation of vibration system. Firstly, the assignment of eigenvalues and left eigenvectors was derived based on the structural receptances, so there is no need to establish the system model of the structure and know the M, C and K matrices. Secondly, using the redundant space of the left eigenvector assignment, the left eigenvector of the closed-loop system was assigned in the form of orthogonality with the excitation force vector, and the active control of structural vibration was realized. Finally, the numerical examples were given to verify the effectiveness of the method.

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主动控制可以通过施加控制力作用于结构系统来有效控制结构低频振动噪声,在振动噪声控制领域具有重要的意义。本文提出一种基于导纳响应配置左特征向量的主动控制方法,通过实际测量的结构导纳响应,利用振动系统左特征向量与激励之间的关系来实现结构振动主动控制。首先,基于导纳响应推导特征值与左特征向量的配置,无需建立结构的系统模型,或知道原结构系统的MCK矩阵;其次,利用左特征向量的冗余空间,将闭环系统的左特征向量配置成与激励力向量正交的形式,实现结构振动的主动控制;最后,通过数值算例验证此方法的有效性和正确性。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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夏茂龙(1988-),男,博士,讲师

张晓飞(1982-),男,硕士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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夏茂龙(1988-),男,博士,讲师

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夏茂龙(1988-),男,博士,讲师

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243879770790933042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879753355211730, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Amplitude diagram of frequency response function before and after control (H6,6), figureFileSmall=Oa3o4wbbl6PT5bbNf2mKoQ==, figureFileBig=qDK3BtotvZQj0tO+8BvxSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243879770895790646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879753355211730, language=CN, label=图9, caption=控制前后的频响函数幅值图(H6,6, figureFileSmall=Oa3o4wbbl6PT5bbNf2mKoQ==, figureFileBig=qDK3BtotvZQj0tO+8BvxSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243879771025814074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879753355211730, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Results of left eigenvector before and after control

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控制前第一阶控制前第二阶控制后第一阶控制后第二阶
-0.32-0.43i0.26+0.40i-0.04+0.25i-0.01+0.03i
-0.10+0.11i-0.06-0.11i-0.05+0.03i0.02+0.04i
-0.29-0.40i-0.24-0.36i-0.00150.0047
-0.18-0.23i0.13+0.22i0.11-0.06i0.01+0.11i
-0.24+0.34i0.20-0.30i0.27-0.14i0.01+0.25i
-0.24+0.34i-0.20-0.30i0.42-0.23i0.02+0.39i
-0.18-0.23i-0.13-0.22i0.52-0.28i0.02+0.48i
-0.29-0.40i0.24+0.36i0.53-0.29i0.03+0.48i
-0.10-0.11i0.06+0.11i-0.25-0.13i0.01+0.21i
-0.32+0.43i-0.26-0.40i0.44-0.24i0.02+0.38i
), ArticleFig(id=1243879771147448898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879753355211730, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

控制前后左特征向量结果

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控制前第一阶控制前第二阶控制后第一阶控制后第二阶
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基于导纳响应的左特征结构配置振动主动控制
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夏茂龙 1 , 徐强 1 , 李永正 1 , 张彤彤 2 , 张晓飞 3
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2024,28(8): 1277-1286
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船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2024, 28(8): 1277-1286
基于导纳响应的左特征结构配置振动主动控制
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夏茂龙1, 徐强1, 李永正1, 张彤彤2, 张晓飞3
作者信息
  • 1.江苏科技大学 船舶与海洋工程学院,江苏 镇江 212000
  • 2.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 3.陆军军事交通学院,江苏 镇江 212003
  • 夏茂龙(1988-),男,博士,讲师

    张晓飞(1982-),男,硕士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Active vibration control using left eigenstructure with receptance response
Mao-long XIA1, Qiang XU1, Yong-zheng LI1, Tong-tong ZHANG2, Xiao-fei ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Ship and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212000, China
  • 2.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
  • 3.Army Military Transportation University, Zhenjiang 212003, China
出版时间: 2024-08-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.08.014
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主动控制可以通过施加控制力作用于结构系统来有效控制结构低频振动噪声,在振动噪声控制领域具有重要的意义。本文提出一种基于导纳响应配置左特征向量的主动控制方法,通过实际测量的结构导纳响应,利用振动系统左特征向量与激励之间的关系来实现结构振动主动控制。首先,基于导纳响应推导特征值与左特征向量的配置,无需建立结构的系统模型,或知道原结构系统的MCK矩阵;其次,利用左特征向量的冗余空间,将闭环系统的左特征向量配置成与激励力向量正交的形式,实现结构振动的主动控制;最后,通过数值算例验证此方法的有效性和正确性。

主动控制  /  导纳响应  /  左特征向量  /  结构振动

Active control can directly control the low-frequency vibration and noise of a structure by applying control force on the structural system, so it plays an important role in vibration and noise control. In this paper, a method of left eigenvector assignment based on structural receptances was proposed, and the active control of structural vibration was realized by using the relationship between left eigenvector and excitation of vibration system. Firstly, the assignment of eigenvalues and left eigenvectors was derived based on the structural receptances, so there is no need to establish the system model of the structure and know the M, C and K matrices. Secondly, using the redundant space of the left eigenvector assignment, the left eigenvector of the closed-loop system was assigned in the form of orthogonality with the excitation force vector, and the active control of structural vibration was realized. Finally, the numerical examples were given to verify the effectiveness of the method.

active control  /  receptance response  /  left eigenvector  /  structural vibration
夏茂龙, 徐强, 李永正, 张彤彤, 张晓飞. 基于导纳响应的左特征结构配置振动主动控制. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (8) : 1277 -1286 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.08.014
Mao-long XIA, Qiang XU, Yong-zheng LI, Tong-tong ZHANG, Xiao-fei ZHANG. Active vibration control using left eigenstructure with receptance response[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (8) : 1277 -1286 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.08.014
在船舶、汽车等交通工具行驶的过程中,自身构件会受到外部激励而产生振动,由于结构振动会对机械设备以及乘客的舒适性等造成严重影响,因此有必要对结构振动进行控制。其中低频振动噪声是控制的难点,而主动控制作为一种有效的低频结构振动控制方法,近几十年来已得到了国内外学者的广泛关注[1-3]。特征结构配置(即配置系统的特征值和特征向量)是主动控制的一种常用方法,其中,配置的特征值包含了振动系统的固有频率和阻尼信息(阻尼比),结构的右特征向量代表着结构的模态振型,因此可以从本质上对结构振动进行控制[4]。目前有很多学者针对特征值的配置做了一些研究,Datta[5]、Xie[6]、Wang[7]等分别对二阶系统的特征向量的正交关系、振动主动控制中的二次特征值分配问题等做的研究表明,该类配置方法在闭环系统的鲁棒性等方面具有优越性。
上述方法大多面对特征值进行配置,故需要获得精确的控制模型。但在实际的工程应用中,通常采用的解析或有限元模型会存在一定的问题:第一,解析方法仅适用于简单结构,而对于大型复杂结构而言,解析方法无能为力;第二,无法精确模拟真实结构的控制模型(比如阻尼);第三,控制器不能识别边界条件等一些不明确的参数。针对这些问题,Ram等[8]在2007年提出了利用导纳方法,通过状态反馈进行结构系统的极点与零点配置,该方法完全依靠测量的振动响应数据,因此无需建立结构的系统模型(如质量矩阵M、阻尼矩阵C和刚度矩阵K),避免了建模误差,同时也无需对模型进行降阶处理。2013年,Ram等[9]继续将导纳方法应用到多输入控制系统中,为特征结构配置的应用提供了一个新的研究方法。近几年,Zhang等[10]利用导纳方法提出了一种基于状态反馈的局部特征结构分配方法;Richiedei等[11]利用导纳方法在多输入系统中将极零点同时分配,实现振动主动控制。目前,导纳方法[12-13]更多关注特征值以及极零点的配置,关于特征结构的配置大多应用于提高鲁棒性、可控性与可观测性等。
从目前文献的研究来看,上述振动控制方法大多集中于特征值的配置,而特征向量配置往往用于提高控制系统的鲁棒性等内容。但是,结构的振动响应不仅与特征值有关,其与控制后的特征向量更是紧密相连。而且,基于反馈控制的结构系统会存在刚度、阻尼、质量矩阵的非对称问题,导致控制后左右特征向量不再相等。因此,通过配置系统的特征值与特征向量来控制结构振动响应变得更加复杂,同时也值得深入研究。比如,在实际工程应用中许多激励位置是已知的(如主机、发动机位置等),如何利用系统左右特征向量与激励的关系进行振动主动控制具有重要意义。基于这个原理,Choi等[14]使用最小二乘法配置闭环系统的左特征向量,使之与激励力正交并且和控制力平行,从而实现了消耗最小的能量就能有效控制振动响应。白金等[15]构造了与激励力向量正交的目标左特征向量,对闭环系统的左特征向量进行配置,最终实现结构振动声辐射的主动控制。但是,该方法不仅需要建立精确的数值模型,还需要大量的模态观测器才能获取有效参数,这在实际振动控制分析时会受到限制。
综上所述,基于实测的结构响应并利用特征结构配置来实现振动的主动控制,不需要建立有限元模型就能精准实现结构振动控制,这在工程上具有重要意义。由此,本文针对降低特定激励下结构本身的振动响应,利用左特征向量和激励的关系,基于导纳响应对左特征向量进行配置来实现结构振动的主动控制。当左特征向量与外部激励力向量正交或接近正交的关系时,此处响应降为最低,故结构振动得到控制。左特征向量配置方法由于可以实现对结构系统固有特性的控制,所以该方法可以从本质上对结构振动加以控制。本文最后通过数值算例,对此方法的有效性以及可行性进行了验证。
在本文中,考虑一个线性时不变n自由度的振动系统,该系统由以下二阶微分方程描述:
式中,xt)∈ Rn是节点位移向量;MCK分别为结构的质量矩阵、阻尼矩阵和刚度矩阵。
对该结构系统施加位移-速度反馈控制后,则该控制后的结构系统方程可表示为
式中,
B = [b1b2,...,bm]∈ Rn×m是控制力矩阵,F = [f1f2,...,fm]∈ Rn×m是速度反馈增益矩阵,G = [g1g2,...,gm]∈ Rn×m是位移反馈增益矩阵。
通过将式(2)~(3)两式联立可得
针对上述控制后结构系统,所对应的左、右特征值问题如下。
左特征值问题:
右特征值问题:
目前文献[8-913]主要是针其特征值以及右特征向量进行配置,通过配置系统的特征值来降低响应达到振动控制的目的。其中配置特征值的形式为
通过控制特征值可改变固有频率和阻尼比,可避免共振并降低结构响应。
对于左特征向量配置与右特征向量配置的不同已经在引言中有所叙述,在激励已知的情况下,把左特征向量配置成与已知位置的激励正交的形式,更为简单有效。因此本文针对其中不同之处的推导方法如下。
式(5)两边同时转置可以写成
式中,B为任意的满秩矩阵。
定义结构的导纳矩阵为
配置后的结构系统两边同时乘以导纳矩阵,得到一个以左特征向量为表达式的形式:
与导纳矩阵相乘的部分用γμkj表示成
则式(10)可以写成
综上所述,闭环系统的左特征向量wk是任意γμkjj = 1,2,...,m的线性组合,其中γμkm也是任意选定的系数。将式(11)写成如下的矩阵形式:
写成分量形式为
对于式(5)剩余的2n - p个方程,可以得到如下解:
也可以写成另外一种形式:
因此,基于导纳响应对多输入输出系统的极点配置过程如下:首先,任意选择参数γμkj,其中向量γμkj中的元素k = 1,2,...,pj = 1,2,...,m,可以得到闭环系统的左特征向量wk,其中k = 1,2,...,p;然后通过式(12)可以求解线性方程组。
联立方程(14)和(17)可以建立如下方程组:
通过式(17)~(18)可求解方程组,得到反馈增益矩阵FG,通过反馈增益矩阵可以验证配置后的特征值。
在已知激励的情况下,可以通过配置特征值以避免共振,或者采用增大阻尼等方法来降低结构响应,同时可以利用特征向量的冗余空间进一步控制系统的振动响应。在实际应用中,无论特征值配置与否,对于目标频段都可以根据其中有几阶共振频率来进行左特征向量配置。本文在已知激励位置的情况下,根据目标频段的模态进行特征值和特征向量调控,利用导纳响应配置左特征向量,使其与激励力正交进行结构振动控制,从而消除或者降低激励力在目标位置的响应。当系统受到外部激励时,假设激励力为η,作用在前两阶模态阵型的前两个节点处,此处设定为η1,1,通过式(19)在激励力作用的位置构造与激励力向量正交的目标左特征向量,求得需要配置的左特征向量wk1,1,此时目标位置响应等于或者接近于零,就等于外部激励作用在系统结构上将不再产生振动。
本文的目的是先确定最优参数γ以及特征向量wk,从而得到反馈增益矩阵,并且验证以上方法的正确性,最后通过几个数值算例验证该理论的有效性。图1为左特征向量推导的流程图。
图2所示以四自由度弹簧阻尼系统为例[10],弹簧系统的质量矩阵、阻尼矩阵、刚度矩阵和大小为1 N的激励力如下:
该振动系统的特征值是{-0.0108 ± 0.8736i,-0.0809 ± 1.6766i,-0.1336 ± 2.5280i,-0.3980 ± 4.0208i},将前两对特征值{-0.0108 ± 0.8736i,-0.0809 ± 1.6766i}配置为{-0.03 ± 1i,-0.1 ± 2i},其他特征值不变。
根据上一章的推导,对左特征向量进行配置得到γ,其中导纳矩阵HμK)都是由已知的MCK求得的,再根据所求的反馈增益矩阵配置左特征向量,使其与激励力产生正交,如此,当力作用于m1处,此处响应值可为零或者降到最低。
通过式(18)~(19)求出反馈矩阵FG,并可查看配置前后的特征值:
其中对四自由度弹簧振动系统配置的特征值达到了目标:
剩余未配置的特征值保持不变:
于是,上述推导方法的正确性得到了验证。
再以十自由度多输入控制离散剪切梁系统(图3)为例,此时,n=10和m=6[13],激励力大小为1 N。
在示例中,ck = 2εωk,阻尼比ε为0.01,ωk = 2sin(kπ/(n + 1)),k = 1,...,n。在本算例中,将系统的前四阶特征值{-0.0129±1.5114i,-0.0129±1.3097i}配置成{-0.4±1.5114i,-0.8±1.3097i},其余特征值保持不变。配置特征值的同时也配置本系统相对应的左特征向量,使其与激励力正交,实现系统所受激励产生的振动消失或者使其产生的影响达到最小的目的。
在这个示例中考虑了两种情况:第一种是单激励情况,分别从作用于m3m4m5的单激励来控制结构振动;第二种是多激励情况,当激励同时作用于m3m6时控制结构振动,通过频响函数曲线图对比来验证理论的正确性。
(1)已知大小为1 N的激励力作用的位置为十自由度剪切梁的m3处,通过配置其左特征向量可以得到一个10行4列的γ值,代回式(18)~(19)中计算出反馈增益矩阵FG的结果,并将有阻尼的极点一起分配在所配置的前两阶处,通过配置前后的结果验证得出,控制前与控制后的前两阶特征值完全相同,即
其余未配置的部分没有任何改变:
上面第一步完成特征值的配置,接下来分别从左特征向量和响应两方面来进行验证,控制前后的振型数据与幅值如表1所示。
通过模态振型的幅值图(图4)可以看出,在m3位置处幅值降低,由位移响应x = wHμkwη可知,左特征向量的幅值小,位移响应也会随之变小,下面将根据频响函数的幅值进行进一步验证。
已知单位力作用于离散剪切梁系统的m3处,通过以上理论进行特征结构配置,改变结构系统的固有频率和阻尼比,并且配置相应位置的左特征向量使激励所在位置的响应消失,如图5所示,可以看到中间两个峰值对应四个分配的特征值,其余的峰值对应保留的特征值,当外部激励作用于m3时系统的响应在此处消失,达到了控制结构振动的目的。同时,受控前后振动系统的其它阶固有频率、阻尼比和左特征向量与激励力向量的内积基本没有变化。
(2)当激励力作用于十自由度多输入控制离散剪切梁系统的m4或者m5处时,有
根据激励所在位置改变上述算例中所配置的左特征向量,使左特征向量与激励正交,如图6图7H4,4H5,5频响函数曲线所示,当激励在离散剪切梁系统的m4或者m5处时,所在位置第五、第六共振峰消失,响应趋近于零。此结果表明,当激励作用于离散剪切梁系统其它位置时,依然可以有效控制结构的振动。
在实际工程应用中,一个结构系统通常会受到不止一个激励的作用,对于多个激励力同时作用于多个不同位置时,以十自由度离散剪切梁系统为例,当激励力作用于m3m6处时,使用该方法进行控制同样可以实现降低结构振动的目的。
将系统的前四阶特征值{-0.0129±1.5114i,-0.0129±1.3097i}配置成{-0.4±1.5114i,-0.8±1.3097i},其余特征值保持不变,代回式(18)~(19)中计算反馈增益矩阵FG,通过配置前后的结果验证得出,控制前后的前四阶特征值完全相同。配置特征值的同时,通过配置其左特征向量使其与激励力正交,使得系统所受激励产生的振动消失或者产生的影响达到最小。
本节通过对左特征向量在配置前后的频响函数以及经典方法[13]进行比较,验证此方法的正确性和有效性,具体如图8~9所示。
根据左特征向量和响应的关系,验证频响函数曲线。
根据本文所推导的理论进行特征结构配置,配置方法已经在上文给出。从图8~9可见,当激励同时作用在离散剪切梁系统的m3m6处时,此处的响应接近于零,共振峰消失,证明了该方法在多个激励同时存在的情况下同样可以有效控制结构振动。根据文献[13]中经典方法进行控制,从图中看出,通过配置其前四阶特征值的大小能降低外部激励对系统的影响;将文献[13]控制后频响函数和左特征向量控制后的频响函数进行对比可以看出,基于导纳方法的左特征结构配置方法在针对特定位置激励时的效果更加明显。
通过以上算例验证分析,结合其频响函数幅值曲线,可以得知无论是单激励还是多激励情况,施加激励的位置峰值消失、响应趋近于零,说明本文所推导理论可以精准控制结构的低频振动,证明了本文配置左特征向量来抑制结构振动方法的可行性和有效性。
本文提出了一种基于导纳响应配置左特征向量来实现结构振动主动控制的方法。该方法无需知道系统矩阵MCK,利用导纳矩阵进行特征值与左特征向量配置,构造了与激励力向量正交的目标左特征向量,以该左特征向量对应的激励力为控制目标,通过对闭环系统左特征向量的配置,最终实现了低频结构振动的主动控制。最后通过四自由度和十自由度的振动系统进行数值验证,得出无论是在单输入还是多输入情况下,通过配置左特征向量都能够有效控制结构振动的结论,验证了方法的有效性和正确性,具有工程实际应用的价值。
  • 江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(20KJB580009)
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52210366)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.08.014
  • 接收时间:2024-02-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2024-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-18
基金
江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(20KJB580009)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52210366)
作者信息
    1.江苏科技大学 船舶与海洋工程学院,江苏 镇江 212000
    2.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
    3.陆军军事交通学院,江苏 镇江 212003

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