Article(id=1243879752839316095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879752042398333, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.08.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708444800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774493643244, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1724083200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774493643244, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774493643244, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493643244, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243879752042398333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='8', pageStart='1133', pageEnd='1296', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774493643055, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493947997, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243881031133147325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879752042398333, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243881031133147326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879752042398333, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1287, endPage=1296, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243879753158083201, articleId=1243879752839316095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Vibration characteristics of underwater flexible propulsion structures based on macro fiber composite (MFC) actuators, columnId=1241023038381158513, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

MFC actuators, widely used in intelligent sensing/actuation, energy harvesting, underwater bionic robots and other fields, have increasingly attracted attention due to their good flexibility, large actuation force and excellent waterproof performance. In this paper, the vibration characteristics and dynamic response of underwater flexible structure driven by MFC actuators were studied. The driving force of the MFC actuators were calculated, and the additional inertia force and additional damping force of the fluid were derived according to Morrison's semi-empirical formula. Based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, the assumed mode method and the second kind of Lagrange equation, a coupled nonlinear dynamic model of MFC-actuated underwater flexible structures was established. The harmonic balance method was used to convert the nonlinear damping into linear. The numerical simulation and experimental results show that the local stiffness of the flexible beam structure with the MFC actuator is increased, and the measured modal shape is basically consistent with the simulated one. Affected by the hydrodynamic force of the surrounding fluid, the first two orders resonance frequency and dynamic response of the MFC-actuated cantilever beam underwater decrease significantly. The amplitude-frequency response curve predicted by the model is in good agreement with the measured curve, which confirms the validity of the coupling dynamic model. This study provides a reference for underwater bionic propulsion devices based on smart materials.

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压电纤维(Macro Fiber Composite,MFC)致动器因其柔韧性好、致动力大、防水性能优异等特点越来越受到人们的关注,并在智能传感/致动、能量采集、水下仿生机器人等领域得到了广泛的应用。本文旨在研究MFC驱动水下柔性结构的振动特性与动力学响应。计算得到MFC致动器驱动力,根据莫里森半经验公式推导得到流体附加惯性力和附加阻尼力。基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论、假设模态法和第二类拉格朗日方程,建立MFC致动的水下柔性结构耦合非线性动力学模型,采用谐波平衡法将非线性阻尼线性化。数值仿真和实验结果表明:粘贴了MFC致动器的柔性梁结构局部刚度增大,实测模态振型与仿真模态振型基本一致;受周围流体水动力的影响,MFC致动悬臂梁水下前两阶共振频率与动态响应下降明显;模型预测的幅频响应曲线与实测曲线吻合较好,证实了所建耦合动力学模型的有效性。本研究可为基于智能材料的水下仿生推进装置提供参考。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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金爱国(1993-),男,博士,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:

胡燕海(1966-),男,博士,教授。

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Substrate material and MFC parameters

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参数符号数值参数符号数值
基体材料--Al1106MFC弹性模量 Em48.3 GPa
基体弹性模量 Eb71.2 GPaMFC密度 ρm5440 kg/m3
基体密度 ρb2700 kg/m3MFC有效长×宽×厚 lm×bm×hm56×28×0.3 mm
基体长×宽×厚 lb×bb×hb188×30×0.2 mm
), ArticleFig(id=1243879773068443945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879752839316095, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基体材料与MFC参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数符号数值参数符号数值
基体材料--Al1106MFC弹性模量 Em48.3 GPa
基体弹性模量 Eb71.2 GPaMFC密度 ρm5440 kg/m3
基体密度 ρb2700 kg/m3MFC有效长×宽×厚 lm×bm×hm56×28×0.3 mm
基体长×宽×厚 lb×bb×hb188×30×0.2 mm
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基于压电致动器的水下柔性推进结构振动特性研究
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金爱国 1, 2 , 金贵阳 1 , 胡燕海 2
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2024,28(8): 1287-1296
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船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2024, 28(8): 1287-1296
基于压电致动器的水下柔性推进结构振动特性研究
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金爱国1, 2 , 金贵阳1, 胡燕海2
作者信息
  • 1.宁波职业技术学院 智能装备研究所,浙江 宁波 315800
  • 2.宁波大学 机械工程与力学学院,浙江 宁波 315211
  • 金爱国(1993-),男,博士,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:

    胡燕海(1966-),男,博士,教授。

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Vibration characteristics of underwater flexible propulsion structures based on macro fiber composite (MFC) actuators
Ai-guo JIN1, 2 , Gui-yang JIN1, Yan-hai HU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Intelligent Equipment Research Institute, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo 315800, China
  • 2.College of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
出版时间: 2024-08-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.08.015
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压电纤维(Macro Fiber Composite,MFC)致动器因其柔韧性好、致动力大、防水性能优异等特点越来越受到人们的关注,并在智能传感/致动、能量采集、水下仿生机器人等领域得到了广泛的应用。本文旨在研究MFC驱动水下柔性结构的振动特性与动力学响应。计算得到MFC致动器驱动力,根据莫里森半经验公式推导得到流体附加惯性力和附加阻尼力。基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论、假设模态法和第二类拉格朗日方程,建立MFC致动的水下柔性结构耦合非线性动力学模型,采用谐波平衡法将非线性阻尼线性化。数值仿真和实验结果表明:粘贴了MFC致动器的柔性梁结构局部刚度增大,实测模态振型与仿真模态振型基本一致;受周围流体水动力的影响,MFC致动悬臂梁水下前两阶共振频率与动态响应下降明显;模型预测的幅频响应曲线与实测曲线吻合较好,证实了所建耦合动力学模型的有效性。本研究可为基于智能材料的水下仿生推进装置提供参考。

压电纤维致动器  /  柔性结构  /  振动特性  /  动力学响应  /  水下仿生推进装置

MFC actuators, widely used in intelligent sensing/actuation, energy harvesting, underwater bionic robots and other fields, have increasingly attracted attention due to their good flexibility, large actuation force and excellent waterproof performance. In this paper, the vibration characteristics and dynamic response of underwater flexible structure driven by MFC actuators were studied. The driving force of the MFC actuators were calculated, and the additional inertia force and additional damping force of the fluid were derived according to Morrison's semi-empirical formula. Based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, the assumed mode method and the second kind of Lagrange equation, a coupled nonlinear dynamic model of MFC-actuated underwater flexible structures was established. The harmonic balance method was used to convert the nonlinear damping into linear. The numerical simulation and experimental results show that the local stiffness of the flexible beam structure with the MFC actuator is increased, and the measured modal shape is basically consistent with the simulated one. Affected by the hydrodynamic force of the surrounding fluid, the first two orders resonance frequency and dynamic response of the MFC-actuated cantilever beam underwater decrease significantly. The amplitude-frequency response curve predicted by the model is in good agreement with the measured curve, which confirms the validity of the coupling dynamic model. This study provides a reference for underwater bionic propulsion devices based on smart materials.

MFC actuator  /  flexible structure  /  vibration characteristics  /  dynamic response  /  underwater bionic propulsion device
金爱国, 金贵阳, 胡燕海. 基于压电致动器的水下柔性推进结构振动特性研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (8) : 1287 -1296 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.08.015
Ai-guo JIN, Gui-yang JIN, Yan-hai HU. Vibration characteristics of underwater flexible propulsion structures based on macro fiber composite (MFC) actuators[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (8) : 1287 -1296 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.08.015
由于柔性结构具有轻质灵活、易小型化、可存储弹性势能等优点,被广泛应用于结构健康监测、微纳传感器件检测、振动能量采集以及智能水下仿生机器人等领域[1-2]。例如,用于探测水下表面形貌的原子力显微镜[3]、用于循环液体冷却的微泵系统[4]、以及为潜艇监测系统提供电源的微型能量收集模块[5]等。虽然工作于粘性流体中的柔性结构具有广阔的应用前景,但细长柔性结构受到周围流体的作用时会产生流固耦合效应,相较于空气或真空环境,水下柔性结构的动力学响应将变得更为复杂,相关问题已成为国内外学者研究的热点。
目前,利用智能材料对柔性结构进行能量采集和主动驱动已取得较大进展。压电材料因其机械强度大、转换特性优异、环境适应性好而备受关注。郭建等[6]综述了智能材料在海洋仿生机器人研制领域的应用,并展望了未来发展趋势。Park等[7]提出了一种测量流体流变特性的实验方法,分析了流体对压电片驱动振动的影响,并将其应用于粘弹性性能的测量。压电宏纤维复合材料作为一种新型的压电致动器,具有柔韧性好、驱动力大及防水性能好等优点,在水下柔性结构的主动控制方面具有巨大潜力[8]。Cen等[9]建立了一个由MFC双晶片驱动的鱼状机器人原型,并测量了其良好的游动性能。Hu等[10]设计了一款MFC驱动的仿锦鲤机器鱼,并制作了一个用于监测微推力动态变化的解耦杠杆机构。因此,MFC致动器可以为振荡柔性结构驱动的水下机器人提供可靠的变形控制。
虽然MFC致动的柔性结构已经被证实有望成为水下仿生推进装置,但是粘性流体产生的水动力效应对柔性结构动力学响应的影响仍然是一个挑战。由于压电致动器的几何形状和尺寸在实际应用中总是与振动柔性结构不同,许多学者进行了相关研究。Nuriev等[11]对简化的梁模型受到的水动力作用进行了研究。Eysden等[12]对浸没在流体中的矩形悬臂梁的谐振频率进行了研究,得到了近似的解析解。Phan等[13]研究了粘性流体中矩形截面悬臂梁在简谐激励下的有限幅值振动,分析了二维流动的物理现象,确定了流体动力函数。Paraz等[14]模拟了弹性结构浸入均匀流体中发生起伏运动的二维无粘问题,并预测了响应幅值。然而,这些柔性结构都是由梁根部的外部弯矩驱动的,梁尖端的曲率为零,这与MFC致动器产生的内部弯曲力有质的不同[15]。Shahab等[16]基于混合规则法和莫里森半经验公式,建立了MFC驱动水下悬臂梁的欧拉-伯努利模型。Yeh等[17]研究了由MFC内部弯矩驱动的柔性梁,并证明了引入被动变形部分是提高游动速度和效率的关键。上述研究对高性能仿生推进装置的设计具有重要的参考价值[18],然而这些研究只考虑了一阶振动模态的特性,大多数鱼类的摆动行为相对复杂,具有多模态运动特征,而二阶模态响应更接近鱼类运动的真实轨迹,因此,研究水下柔性结构在内弯矩驱动下的多模态响应具有现实意义。
本文基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论、假设模态法和第二类拉格朗日方程,先建立空气中柔性结构的动力学模型,计算得到MFC致动器产生的内部驱动力,再结合莫里森半经验公式,重新推导柔性结构水下耦合动力学模型。接着,对空气中和水下柔性结构的前两阶无量纲模态振型及动力响应进行数值仿真分析。最后,搭建实验平台,开展谐振特性实验,与仿真结果对比分析,验证理论模型的准确性。
由MFC驱动的水下柔性梁结构示意图如图1所示。其中,柔性梁基体的长×宽×厚=lb×bb×hb。此外,一对MFC对称地粘贴在悬臂梁的根部,长×宽×厚=lm×bm×hm。当两侧MFC同时受到大小相等、方向相反的交流电压信号时,由于逆压电效应的影响,一侧产生拉伸变形,另一侧产生收缩变形,从而带动基体产生弯曲运动。
假设柔性梁t时刻x处截面的横向振动位移为uxt),运用假设模态法,截取前n阶振型后的表达式为
式中,φix)和ψix)分别表示主动变形段和被动变形段的第i阶模态振型函数,其中φx)=[φ1x),φ2x),…,φnx)],ψx) = [ψ1x),ψ2x),…,ψnx)],qit)表示第i阶广义模态坐标,qt) = [q1t),q2t),…,qnt)]T
距离固定端x处截面的等效抗弯刚度kx)和等效单位长度质量mx)分别为
式中,下标m表示柔性结构主动变形段和MFC致动器,下标b表示柔性结构被动变形段,其中Im=[bm⋅(hb+2hm3-bbhb3]/12,Ib=bbhb3/12。
由于柔性基体的长度与厚度比非常小,在此忽略截面的剪切变形和截面绕中性轴的惯性效应,故可将MFC致动的柔性结构简化为欧拉-伯努利梁。模态振型函数假设为
式中,AiBiCiDi是第i阶模态振型对应的系数,通过边界条件和连续性条件求得。μi为第i阶特征值,可通过求解特征方程得到:
式中,ωix)表示柔性结构的第i阶固有频率。
基于上述式子,柔性梁动能T可表示为
式中,()表示变量关于时间t的一阶偏导数,M为质量矩阵,具体表达式为
柔性梁势能V可表示为
式中,()"表示变量关于位移x的二阶偏导数,K表示刚度矩阵,其表示为
MFC受外界激励的作用,其等效分布力Fxt)产生的虚功可表示为
式中,广义力
考虑到悬臂梁内部具有一定的分布粘性阻尼力,令其为
则阻尼力产生的非保守力为
式中,粘性阻尼表示为
有激励存在的第二类拉格朗日方程矩阵形式[19]
将动能T、势能V、驱动广义力Q1、阻尼广义力Q2代入上式可得柔性梁在空气中的动力学方程:
式中,
MFC作为一种新型的压电纤维复合材料,包含聚酰亚胺薄膜、环氧树脂、指交叉电极与压电纤维。相较于传统的压电材料,MFC能产生较大的弯曲变形和驱动力,实物图如图2(c)所示。根据不同的极化方向,MFC可分为d33d31两种模式。如图2(b)所示,d33模式下的极化方向平行于x轴,正负电极交叉排列,MFC内部结构由一系列的代表体积单元(Representative Volume Element,RVE)组成。单个的RVE单元如图2(a)所示。
两片平行粘贴于悬臂梁根部的MFC致动器产生的驱动力为
式中,M=lm/leN=bm/be分别表示代表体积单元沿主动变形段长度和宽度方向的数量,Ut)为附加在MFC致动器上的驱动电压,d33,r表示RVE的等效压电常数,Hx)表示赫维赛德函数,lebehe分别表示RVE的等效长宽高。
柔性梁在水下运动时受到周围流体施加的水动力作用,可简化为一个二维平面问题。由于梁的特征长度远大于特征宽度,特征宽度又远大于特征厚度,故梁的振动波长比特征长度大得多,可以认为是局部平坦的。此外,水动力效应可以分解为两个分量:附加质量效应和水动力阻尼效应,前者与振动加速度成正比,后者与振动速度成正比。根据莫里森半经验公式,水动力[20]可表示为
式中,ρw为流体的质量密度,bb为柔性结构水下振动时的等效宽度,cmcd分别表示周围流体对柔性结构的附加质量系数和阻尼系数。
水动力引起的广义力可表示为
式中,MW表示流体附加质量,CW表示流体附加阻尼,具体表达式分别为
将式(16)和式(20)代入拉格朗日方程式(15),可得水下耦合动力学模型为
比较空气中动力学方程(15)和水下动力学方程(23),可以发现水动力函数的引入,使得方程增加了流体附加质量和附加阻尼,而附加阻尼中含有广义速度绝对值项,因此水下耦合振动模型具有广义速度的平方项,故水下系统具有二次非线性特性。
显然,式(23)是n阶模态振型的叠加。但考虑到柔性梁结构在水下的振动频率较低,其位移响应主要由低阶模态振动组成,故截取前两阶模态位移。假设施加在MFC致动器上的驱动信号Ut)=U0cos(ωt),则前两阶广义模态坐标可以表示为
为了简化耦合方程中的非线性阻尼项[21-22],引入
将式(24)~(25)代入式(23),采用谐波平衡法,可将前两阶控制方程解耦为
式中,ω1ω2分别表示柔性结构在空气中的一、二阶固有频率,其余常量表达式如下:
结合式(26)和式(27)可求得H1H2H3H4的具体数值。其中,分别表示一阶、二阶模态对应的附加质量,则表示前两阶模态对应的附加阻尼,而为一阶、二阶模态共同作用下的耦合阻尼。
柔性结构基体材料选用Al1106铝薄片,MFC采用美国NASA公司研发的M5628-P1,工作于d33模式,有关参数如表1所示。
由于柔性结构的动力响应主要由低阶模态决定,故本工作主要研究了前两阶模态振动响应特性。基于MFC致动悬臂梁的一二阶无量纲模态振型如图3所示。从图3(a)可知,由于连续性条件,模态振型曲线是连续可微的。此外,MFC致动器的分布使得悬臂梁的模态振型发生了显著变化,粘贴MFC的主动变形段其挠度变化比被动变形段的挠度变化小得多。观察图3(b)可以发现,二阶无量纲模态振型出现了一个拐点,且局部粘贴MFC的柔性结构比均匀梁更早出现拐点,主要是因为MFC增加了主动变形段的刚度。
对MFC致动器施加谐波激励信号300×sin(ωt),ω的取值范围为0.1~50 Hz。柔性梁末端在空气中的幅频响应曲线如图4所示。观察可发现,第一阶固有频率约为8.3 Hz,悬臂梁末端单边最大摆幅约为15.76 mm;而二阶固有频率约为40.3 Hz,末端最大幅值约为3.94 mm。
浸没在水下的柔性结构由于受到周围流体的作用,各阶固有频率将会显著降低,fwater_i/fair_i比值可表示为
由上式可知,水下固有频率主要受流体附加质量的影响,并与之成反比的关系。图5为水下柔性梁末端在300×sin(ωt)激励下的幅频响应曲线,ω取值范围为0.1~12 Hz。显然,相较于空气中的末端位移,水下柔性结构前两阶共振频率下的幅值明显减小。一二阶共振频率分别约为0.98 Hz(6.59 rad/s)和6.55 Hz(41.51 rad/s)。受流体附加阻尼力的作用,悬臂梁末端前两阶共振频率下的位移分别减小至7.82 mm和2.22 mm。
为进一步了解水下柔性结构的整体振动特性,分别对柔性梁施加300×sin(6.59t)和300×sin(41.51t)的正弦激励信号,得到稳态下(50-51T)梁上各点的动态响应,如图6所示。
两个MFC致动器使用高剪切强度的环氧树脂3M DP460对称地粘接在柔性梁的两侧。然后,将粘结结构置于真空烘箱中固化10小时。烘箱温度设置为250℃,气压为0.08 MPa。此外,为了增加接线端防水性,MFC致动器的电气连接处涂有环氧3M DP490。
柔性梁结构水下实验装置如图7所示。局部对称粘贴MFC致动器的柔性梁实验模型固定在支撑架上并沿水箱长度方向水平放置。由于水箱的宽度远大于悬臂梁末端摆幅,故可忽略壁面效应和表面波动效应。测试开始之初,PC端发出驱动信号,经实时目标机(speedgoat,内置AD转换模块以及DA转化模块)将数字电压信号转化为模拟电压信号,经功率放大器(Trek PZT700A)放大200倍后作用于MFC致动器,从而控制柔性梁结构来回摆动。激光位移传感器(Keyence LK-G80)置于支撑架上与悬臂梁中性轴平起,可以实时采集柔性梁特定位置的横向位移,目标机将模拟信号转换为数字信号后,通过USB口回传给电脑。
为了获得空气中柔性结构的振动特性,对MFC致动器施加电压峰峰值为600 V的谐波激励信号,频率范围为0.1~50 Hz,扫描周期为60 s,采样频率为800 Hz。实验结果表明,前两阶共振频率分别为8.15 Hz和40.1 Hz,与理论值吻合较好。在柔性悬臂梁上施加幅值为300 V、角频率为51.18 rad/s的正弦信号,测得梁末端幅值为15.12 mm,略低于仿真值15.76 mm。这主要是因为MFC的理论参数和实际参数之间存在差异,而环氧胶合层在一定程度上又增加了主动变形截面的厚度,也会降低MFC执行器的驱动效率。
此外,还研究了柔性梁上8个特定位置的动态响应,且8个测量点(P1-P8)沿梁中性轴方向均匀分布。基于上述得到的一二阶固有频率,向MFC双晶片分别施加300×sin(51.18t)和300×sin(251.83t)驱动信号。待运行至稳定状态后,测得不同位置处稳态位移幅值,对横纵两坐标均做归一化处理后,得到一二阶无量纲模态振型如图8所示,可以看出,实测模态振型与仿真模态振型基本一致。值得一提的是,粘贴MFC截面的挠度明显小于自由截面,这主要是因为MFC增强了主动变形段的刚度效果。
为了验证局部粘贴MFC致动器的柔性梁水下耦合动力学模型的准确性及有效性,对水下柔性结构施加正弦激励,频率变化范围为0~12 Hz。致动电压的峰值设置为600 V,激励持续时间为50 s,信号采样频率为800 Hz。测量得到如图9(a)所示的悬臂梁时域振动响应,容易发现梁横向挠度并不完全对称,这主要是因为MFC本身所固有的双极性偏置迟滞非线性所致;对其做傅里叶变换后得到的频域响应特性如图9(b)所示,此时可以观察到有两个峰值出现,分别为水下柔性结构的一阶和二阶共振频率,约为1.05 Hz和6.25 Hz。
为了更准确地获得水下悬臂梁的共振频率,本文又研究了不同频率激励下的动态响应,频率范围为0~12 Hz,在0.7~1.1 Hz和5.5~6.3 Hz之间频率间隔设为0.05 Hz。测试过程中,激光位移传感器放置在悬臂梁的末端,在不同频率激励下达到稳定状态时测得的水下柔性梁末端挠度如图10所示,观察得到一阶、二阶共振频率分别为0.95 Hz和6.1 Hz。对比仿真结果可以发现一阶共振频率基本一致,二阶共振频率略小于仿真值的6.55 Hz。对应上述一、二阶共振频率,在300sin(5.97t)和300sin(38.31t)的谐振电压信号激励下,测量得到悬臂梁末端的最大横向挠度分别为7.07 mm和1.72 mm,略小于仿真值对应的7.82 mm和2.22 mm,这可能是因为环氧树脂粘接层使得MFC致动器的驱动能力略有下降。
稳定状态下水下柔性结构任意横截面的动力学响应如图11所示。显然,由于压电纤维复合材料的几何非线性的特性,悬臂梁两侧位移最大幅值并非严格对称。
本文推导了MFC致动器内部驱动力、流体附加惯性力及附加阻尼力的表达式,建立了MFC驱动的水下柔性结构耦合动力学模型。由于MFC致动器的分布,柔性结构的模态振型发生了较大的变化。仿真和实验结果表明,由于MFC分布增强了局部刚度,粘贴MFC致动器主动变形段的挠度比被动变形段小得多。此外,实测模态振型与仿真模态振型吻合较好。
受周围流体附加阻尼和附加质量的影响,MFC致动水下柔性结构的前两阶共振频率和动态响应相较于空气中均显著减小。模型计算得到的水下幅频响应曲线与实验值基本一致,验证了本文所提耦合动力学模型的有效性与准确性。上述研究成果可为掌握和预测局部粘贴压电致动器等其他智能传感材料的水下仿生推进装置性能提供参考。
  • 浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y202250268)
  • 宁波职业技术学院校级重点课题(NZ24002Z)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51975517)
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2024年第28卷第8期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.08.015
  • 接收时间:2024-02-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2024-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-21
基金
浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y202250268)
宁波职业技术学院校级重点课题(NZ24002Z)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51975517)
作者信息
    1.宁波职业技术学院 智能装备研究所,浙江 宁波 315800
    2.宁波大学 机械工程与力学学院,浙江 宁波 315211

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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