Article(id=1243879681037026060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879674670072443, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705248000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774493626125, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1721404800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774493626125, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774493626125, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493626125, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243879674670072443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='7', pageStart='967', pageEnd='1132', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774493624607, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493869111, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243880700257087675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879674670072443, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243880700257087676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879674670072443, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=981, endPage=994, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243879681364181784, articleId=1243879681037026060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Diffraction force calculation using three-dimensional time-domain Green function method, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The development of the potential flow solver for the CAE software of a ship requests a reliable method to solve the potential flow. The numerical method of the diffraction force with a three-dimensional time-domain panel method was studied. With a three-dimensional time-domain Green function introduced, its Rankine part was calculated by Hess & Smith’s method while its free-surface memory part was calculated by the method of Beck team from the University of Michigan, followed by the derivation of the diffraction impulse function in the mathematical expressions for making the program. Then the source method was used to calculate the source and the diffraction potential, and the diffraction potential force was obtained by integrating the pressure around the floating body. Finally, the diffraction force and Froude-Krylov force were calculated with the Wigley I ship. The verification was carried out by comparing the results with the published experimental and numerical results. The method and the code in this paper are reliable for developing the potential flow solver of the CAE software and predicting the nonlinear stability failure models in waves.

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船舶工业CAE软件势流求解器的开发对势流计算方法的可靠性提出要求,本文针对三维时域面元法开展绕射力计算研究。首先引入三维时域自由面格林函数,其瞬时项的求解采用Hess & Smith方法,记忆项的求解采用Beck团队的方法;其次,推导出全浪向绕射力脉冲函数法编程所用的数学表达式;然后,采用分布源模型求解源强和速度势,并采用压力直接积分法求出时域绕射力;最后,针对Wigley I船型开展绕射力和FK力计算,并与公开的试验和计算结果进行对比,验证本文方法的可靠性。本文方法和代码可用于船舶工业CAE软件势流求解器和波浪中船舶非线性失稳运动预报。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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鲁江(1980-),男,博士,研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:

张楠(1977-),男,博士,研究员。

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三维时域自由面格林函数法的时域绕射力计算研究
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鲁江 1 , 张楠 1 , 张新曙 2 , 顾民 1
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024,28(7): 981-994
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024, 28(7): 981-994
三维时域自由面格林函数法的时域绕射力计算研究
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鲁江1 , 张楠1, 张新曙2, 顾民1
作者信息
  • 1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 2.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
  • 鲁江(1980-),男,博士,研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:

    张楠(1977-),男,博士,研究员。

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Diffraction force calculation using three-dimensional time-domain Green function method
Jiang LU1 , Nan ZHANG1, Xin-shu ZHANG2, Min GU1
Affiliations
  • 1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
出版时间: 2024-07-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.002
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船舶工业CAE软件势流求解器的开发对势流计算方法的可靠性提出要求,本文针对三维时域面元法开展绕射力计算研究。首先引入三维时域自由面格林函数,其瞬时项的求解采用Hess & Smith方法,记忆项的求解采用Beck团队的方法;其次,推导出全浪向绕射力脉冲函数法编程所用的数学表达式;然后,采用分布源模型求解源强和速度势,并采用压力直接积分法求出时域绕射力;最后,针对Wigley I船型开展绕射力和FK力计算,并与公开的试验和计算结果进行对比,验证本文方法的可靠性。本文方法和代码可用于船舶工业CAE软件势流求解器和波浪中船舶非线性失稳运动预报。

三维时域面元法  /  三维时域格林函数  /  绕射力  /  船舶CAE自主软件

The development of the potential flow solver for the CAE software of a ship requests a reliable method to solve the potential flow. The numerical method of the diffraction force with a three-dimensional time-domain panel method was studied. With a three-dimensional time-domain Green function introduced, its Rankine part was calculated by Hess & Smith’s method while its free-surface memory part was calculated by the method of Beck team from the University of Michigan, followed by the derivation of the diffraction impulse function in the mathematical expressions for making the program. Then the source method was used to calculate the source and the diffraction potential, and the diffraction potential force was obtained by integrating the pressure around the floating body. Finally, the diffraction force and Froude-Krylov force were calculated with the Wigley I ship. The verification was carried out by comparing the results with the published experimental and numerical results. The method and the code in this paper are reliable for developing the potential flow solver of the CAE software and predicting the nonlinear stability failure models in waves.

time-domain panel method  /  three-dimensional time-domain Green function  /  diffraction force  /  CAE software of the ship
鲁江, 张楠, 张新曙, 顾民. 三维时域自由面格林函数法的时域绕射力计算研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (7) : 981 -994 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.002
Jiang LU, Nan ZHANG, Xin-shu ZHANG, Min GU. Diffraction force calculation using three-dimensional time-domain Green function method[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (7) : 981 -994 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.002
船舶CAE软件是国产船舶行业工业软件体系的重要组成部分,对基于三维时域面元法的势流求解器开发提出了需求。本文在三维时域格林函数计算方法研究[1]基础上开展三维时域绕射力计算研究。
Finkelstain[2]提出了线性自由面下的三维时域格林函数;Cummins[3]和Ogilvie[4]首先讨论了非定常运动问题的时域直接求解方法;Wehausen等[5]给出了有航速三维时域格林函数积分形式;美国密歇根大学Beck团队的Liapis[6]、King[7]、Magee[8]研究了船舶有航速时的三维时域格林函数法,提出一种三维时域格林函数计算方法,并提出利用脉冲函数和非脉冲函数求解时域绕射力。
Newman[9-10]提出两套满足不同计算精度的三维时域格林函数计算方法,在此基础上Bingham[11]采用三维时域面元法研究了顶浪绕射力求解方法。Osborne[12]提出了有航速三维时域绕射力和辐射力的Haskind关系,研究了随浪绕射力求解方法。Korsmeyer等[13]进一步研究了有航速时绕射力的求解方法。Lin等[14]对Newman[9]提出的三维时域格林函数计算方法做了改进;随后,Lin等[15]提出一种满足线性自由面条件的混合源法,以时域Rankine源方法为核心,外场匹配时域格林函数来满足辐射条件,以此为基础,美国海军开发了船舶大幅运动评估软件LAMP[16],分为LAMP1线性版本、LAMP2弱非线性版本和LAMP4全非线性版本,在求解辐射力时同步解出绕射力。
黄德波[18]导出了三维时域格林函数及其导数的简化计算公式,三维时域格林函数法从此开始在国内得到学者的广泛应用;周正全等[19]采用黄德波[18]的三维时域格林函数方法的同时,提出了有航速三维时域绕射力和辐射力的Haskind关系;王大云[20]在采用黄德波的三维时域格林函数方法的基础上,提出了三维水弹性时域分析方法;Clement[21]、Duan等[22]、申亮等[23]分别推导了三维时域格林函数及其导数满足的四阶微分方程;杨鹏[24]采用四阶微分方程法计算了三维时域格林函数,采用脉冲函数法计算绕射力;卜淑霞等[25]、储纪龙等[26]采用三维时域混合源法求解边界积分方程,在求解辐射力时同步解出绕射力,研究了顶浪和首斜浪参数横摇现象;Chen等[27]采用三维时域混合源法构建边界积分方程,并利用泰勒展开边界元法求解边界积分方程,其外域三维时域格林函数及其导数也是采用黄德波[18]的计算方法。此外,国内针对随浪和尾斜浪中高航速船舶绕射力的计算研究很少。
本文以美国密歇根大学的Beck团队的三维时域方法为参照,在文献[1]基础上进一步推导出可直接用于程序开发的全浪向绕射力数学展开表达式,给出求解说明和结果验证,使得三维时域势流求解器的工程开发简单化,促进波浪中操纵性、波浪中快速性、波浪中稳性等学科的发展。
空间固定坐标系为O0-X0Y0Z0,原点位于静水面,X0轴为波浪传播方向,Y0轴指向左为正,Z0轴垂直水面向上为正。参考坐标系为O-xyx,随着船体以恒定速度U0沿着x方向前进,初始时刻和空间坐标系重合,不随船体转动而转动。随船坐标系O-x'x'z'固定于船体上,原点和参考坐标系相同,船体正浮平衡时,与参考坐标系重合,随船体的转动而转动。坐标系如图1所示。设入射波的浪向角为β,船舶航向角为χ,则β =-χ
在势流理论里,入射波速度势ϕ0xyzt)是已知量,若将坐标(xyz)标记为P,则入射波速度势ϕ0Pt)的表达式为
入射波线性化压力表达式为
任意入射波浪产生的压力采用脉冲函数法可表示为
式中,ζτ)是τ时刻参考坐标系下的任意波高,t时刻入射波压力的脉冲函数。
沿船体湿表面对压力公式(2)进行积分,可得Froude-Krylov(FK)力在j方向的力/力矩表达式:
式中,Kj0t)为FK力脉冲响应函数;j = 1,2,⋯,6分别对应纵荡、横荡、垂荡、横摇、纵摇和首摇6个方向。
在势流理论里,入射波速度势ϕ0Pt)是已知量,由式(1)可求出:
任意入射波浪在xyz方向产生的速度采用脉冲函数法可表示为
式中,是入射波速度的脉冲函数,
在势流理论里,绕射速度势ϕ7Pt)物面边界条件满足如下表达式:
把绕射速度势ϕ7Pt)写成脉冲函数表达式:
根据式(9),绕射速度势脉冲函数物面边界条件表达式为
根据绕射速度势ϕ7Pt),沿船体湿表面进行积分,可得绕射力在j方向的力/力矩表达式为
式中,Kj7t)为绕射力脉冲响应函数;nj为浮体湿表面上在j方向矢量,n1是小量,n2n3x方向变化很慢;为浮体湿表面上的单位法向矢量,指向浮体湿表面,离开流体域。
时域绕射力求解需要求出绕射速度势脉冲函数,下面将论述绕射速度势和入射波压力的脉冲函数求解方法。
在势流理论里,时域求解非定常速度势的方法主要有时域自由面格林函数法和时域Rankine源法。本文采用三维时域自由面格林函数法,瞬时项采用Hess&Smith方法,可参见文献[28],记忆项具体求解方法参见文献[1]。
同时在物面上布置源和偶极子的方法称为直接法,仅布置源的方法称为间接法。间接法可以通过边界积分方程得到船体物面的切向速度,更适合求解考虑瞬时物面的非线性大幅运动问题。间接法求解源密度速度势的论述可参见文献[1]。
顶浪/首斜浪中脉冲函数和波高表达式如式(13)~(14)所示(King,1987)[7]
把式(15)代入式(13),可得出下式:
,
式(16)的积分部分可写成下面表达式:
式(16)可以进一步写成如下表达式:
通过公式(18)可以看出,求出I0αb)、I1αb)、I2αb)后,即可求出顶浪/首斜浪中绕射速度势和入射波压力脉冲函数表达式。
Abramowitz and Stegun[29]给出下式来计算In
顶浪/首斜浪中I0αb)、I1αb)、I2αb)的表达式如下:
根据误差函数定义(Abramowitz and Stegun[29]),
式(23)可以进一步写成下述表达式:
在随浪/尾斜浪中,同一遭遇频率存在三个入射波长,脉冲函数和波高按照入射波频率范围分成3部分,King[7]给出了公式(26)、(27)和(28):
由式(26)可以得到
把式(29)代入式(27),可得出式(30)~(34):
ω2ω3范围对应的脉冲函数和波高表达式前面都有负号,和Korsmeyer和Bingham[13]一致,脉冲函数和波高相乘时相互抵消,后续ω2ω3范围对应的脉冲函数和波高表达式负号都去掉,和Osborne[12]一致。三个入射波频率范围对应的入射波压力和绕射势脉冲函数可写成如下表达式:
通过式(35)~(36)可以看出,分别求出三个入射波频率范围的I0αb)、I1αb)、I2αb)后,即可求出随浪/尾斜浪中绕射速度势和入射波压力脉冲函数表达式。根据式(19)~(22),三个入射波频率范围的I0αb)、I1αb)、I2αb)求解方法如下。
1.4节和1.5节中复数误差函数wz)中z已给出具体表达式,求出wz)或wx+iy)的实部和虚部,即可求出I0αb),进而求出I1αb)、I2αb)和脉冲函数。
当|Re(z)|<5.33,|Im(z)|<4.29时,Gautschi[30-31]给出了计算wz)的实部和虚部代码。当z不在这个范围时,采用Gauss-Hermite积分方法求解wz)的实部和虚部。根据文献[31]和[32],复数误差函数wz)可写成公式:
公式(47)用到Gauss-Hermite积分方法,ti为高斯节点,wi为权重。当n取到10时,高斯点和权重值如下:
图2图3分别给出了Wigley I船[33]在顶浪中零航速时无量纲化垂荡、纵摇的FK力和绕射力脉冲响应函数,图中图标“Present”表示本文计算结果,“King 1987”表示文献King[7]的结果,后续图中表示方法类似。本文计算结果和King[7]的计算结果吻合。图4给出了Wigley I船在顶浪中Fn=0.3时无量纲化垂荡、纵摇的FK力+绕射力脉冲响应函数,本文计算结果和Osborne[12]的计算结果吻合。从图2~4的结果可以看出,顶浪中FK力和绕射力脉冲响应函数比较稳定,能在较短时间内收敛。图5图6给出了Wigley I船在顶浪中Fn=0.3时不同波长时垂荡、纵摇的FK力+绕射力振幅和相位,本文计算结果和Journee[33]的试验结果、Bingham[11]的计算结果基本一致。
图7~9分别给出了Wigley I船在随浪中Fn=0.3时三个入射波频率范围的无量纲化垂荡、纵摇的FK力+绕射力脉冲响应函数,本文计算结果和Osborne[12]的计算结果吻合。在ω1ω2两个低频入射波频率范围内,如图7图8所示,FK力+绕射力脉冲响应函数能够快速收敛,但收敛时间比顶浪状态下的长。在ω3高频入射波频率范围内,如图9所示,FK力+绕射力脉冲响应函数收敛性较差。在ω3频率范围内,本文计算采用的网格数为28×6×2,但入射波频率高,波长较短。网格数和波浪高频影响,后续需要进一步分析。图10给出了Wigley I船在随浪中Fn=0.3时三个入射波频率范围的无量纲化垂荡、纵摇的FK力+绕射力振幅,本文计算结果和Osborne[12]的计算结果整体吻合较好,在ω3频率范围存在差异,原因是该范围内ω3频率范围内收敛性较差。图11图12给出了Wigley I船在随浪中Fn=0.3时不同波长时垂荡、纵摇的FK力+绕射力振幅和相位,本文计算结果和Osborne[12]的计算结果吻合较好。
本文以美国密歇根大学Beck团队的三维时域面元法为参照,推导出可直接用于程序开发的全浪向绕射力数学展开表达式,通过Wigley I船型,验证了本文方法的时域绕射力的收敛性,得出如下结论:
(1)在随浪高频入射波频率范围内绕射力脉冲函数收敛性较差,在其他两个入射波频率范围内,绕射力脉冲函数收敛性较快,但收敛时间长于顶浪的情况;
(2)本文采用的三维时域自由面格林函数法和全浪向绕射力数学表达式,可以可靠地计算出顶浪和随浪中的三维时域绕射力脉冲函数和绕射力;
(3)本文推导给出了可直接用于程序开发的全浪向绕射力数学展开表达式和求解过程,有助于从事此方面研究的人员进行编程应用,实用性强。
本文方法和代码可用于船舶工业CAE软件势流求解器,并可用于波浪中船舶非线性失稳运动预报。
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.002
  • 接收时间:2024-01-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2024-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-15
基金
工信部高技术船舶项目(2017(614))
作者信息
    1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
    2.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.002
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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