Article(id=1243879678398804288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879674670072443, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705680000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774493625497, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1721404800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774493625497, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774493625497, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493625497, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243879674670072443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='7', pageStart='967', pageEnd='1132', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774493624607, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493869111, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243880700257087675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879674670072443, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243880700257087676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879674670072443, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1040, endPage=1050, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243879678704988485, articleId=1243879678398804288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Numerical simulation study of vortex-induced motion with coupled multi-degrees of freedom on Spar platform, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the vortex-induced motion characteristics with coupled multi-degrees of freedom of Spar platforms under a uniform flow, a numerical model about the vortex-induced motion of a Spar platform considering fluid-structure interactions was established based on STAR-CCM+, and the coupling effects of five-degrees of freedom (surge, sway, heave, pitch and roll) were investigated. The results show that the vortex-induced resonance can be observed obviously at three degrees of freedom (sway, heave and roll), and the velocity interval of vortex-induced resonance is the same at the two degrees of freedom (heave and roll). Meanwhile, the coupling effects between sway and roll are obvious. In the case of sway resonance, the relationship of the dominant frequency between sway and roll is 1:1, and in the case of roll resonance, the secondary peak frequency of sway is the same as the dominant frequency of roll. Moreover, there are complex nonlinear coupling relationships among the three degrees of freedom (surge, heave and pitch), not only the dominant frequency of surge and heave always exists in the pitch spectrum, but also the coupling effects between pitch and surge, pitch and heave are various in the different ranges of reduced velocity.

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为研究Spar平台在均匀流作用下多自由度耦合的涡激运动特性,本文基于STAR-CCM+求解器建立了考虑流固耦合的Spar平台涡激运动数值模型,探讨了纵荡、横荡、垂荡、纵摇和横摇五个自由度的耦合效应。结果表明:Spar平台在横荡、垂荡与横摇三个自由度发生明显“涡激共振”现象,并且垂荡与横摇自由度“涡激共振”现象发生的速度区间基本一致;横荡与横摇自由度保持着较高的耦合性,横荡共振时横荡与横摇的运动主频保持1:1的关系,横摇共振时横荡运动频谱的次峰频率等于横摇运动主频;纵荡、垂荡与纵摇三个自由度存在复杂的非线性耦合运动关系,不仅纵荡、垂荡的运动主频始终存在于纵摇频谱中,而且纵摇与纵荡、纵摇与垂荡的耦合程度在不同的折合速度范围内存在差异。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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周阳(1987-),男,博士,副教授

李忠明(1996-),男,硕士研究生,通讯作者,E-mail:

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周阳(1987-),男,博士,副教授

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李忠明(1996-),男,硕士研究生,通讯作者,E-mail:

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李忠明(1996-),男,硕士研究生,通讯作者,E-mail:

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Main parameters of the S-Spar model

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名称符号/单位数值名称符号/单位数值
总高L/m3.02软舱直径Ds/m0.5
吃水d/m2.73软舱长度Ls/m0.27
硬舱直径Dh/m0.5浮心距平台基线高h1/m1.61
硬舱长度Lh/m1.25重心距平台基线高h2/m1.23
连接段直径Dm/m0.25质量m/kg315.14
连接段长度Lm/m1.5横摇/纵摇惯性半径R/m1.22
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S-Spar平台模型主要参数

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名称符号/单位数值名称符号/单位数值
总高L/m3.02软舱直径Ds/m0.5
吃水d/m2.73软舱长度Ls/m0.27
硬舱直径Dh/m0.5浮心距平台基线高h1/m1.61
硬舱长度Lh/m1.25重心距平台基线高h2/m1.23
连接段直径Dm/m0.25质量m/kg315.14
连接段长度Lm/m1.5横摇/纵摇惯性半径R/m1.22
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Grid convergence analysis

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网格类型网格量(万)CDCLrmsY/D
粗网格1580.7680.0640.442
标准网格2960.8260.0660.447
细网格3830.8420.0670.452
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网格收敛性分析

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网格类型网格量(万)CDCLrmsY/D
粗网格1580.7680.0640.442
标准网格2960.8260.0660.447
细网格3830.8420.0670.452
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VIM numerical conditions of S-Spar

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序号来流速度U/(m·s-1折合速度UrRe
硬舱连接段软舱
10.031.51.50×1047.50×1031.50×104
20.073.53.50×1041.75×1043.50×104
30.094.54.50×1042.25×1044.50×104
40.115.55.50×1042.75×1045.50×104
50.136.56.50×1043.25×1046.50×104
60.157.57.50×1043.75×1047.50×104
70.178.58.50×1044.25×1048.50×104
80.199.59.50×1044.75×1049.50×104
90.2110.51.05×1055.25×1041.05×105
100.2311.51.15×1055.75×1041.15×105
110.2512.51.25×1056.25×1041.25×105
120.2713.51.35×1056.75×1041.35×105
130.2914.51.45×1057.25×1041.45×105
140.3015.01.50×1057.50×1041.50×105
150.3316.51.65×1058.25×1041.65×105
160.3517.51.75×1058.75×1041.75×105
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S-Spar平台VIM数值工况

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序号来流速度U/(m·s-1折合速度UrRe
硬舱连接段软舱
10.031.51.50×1047.50×1031.50×104
20.073.53.50×1041.75×1043.50×104
30.094.54.50×1042.25×1044.50×104
40.115.55.50×1042.75×1045.50×104
50.136.56.50×1043.25×1046.50×104
60.157.57.50×1043.75×1047.50×104
70.178.58.50×1044.25×1048.50×104
80.199.59.50×1044.75×1049.50×104
90.2110.51.05×1055.25×1041.05×105
100.2311.51.15×1055.75×1041.15×105
110.2512.51.25×1056.25×1041.25×105
120.2713.51.35×1056.75×1041.35×105
130.2914.51.45×1057.25×1041.45×105
140.3015.01.50×1057.50×1041.50×105
150.3316.51.65×1058.25×1041.65×105
160.3517.51.75×1058.75×1041.75×105
), ArticleFig(id=1243879687898903278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879678398804288, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Results of the free decay test

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运动模态Tn/sfn/Hz
横荡250.04
横摇4.650.215
垂荡2.750.36
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自由衰减实验结果

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运动模态Tn/sfn/Hz
横荡250.04
横摇4.650.215
垂荡2.750.36
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Spar平台多自由度耦合的涡激运动数值模拟研究
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周阳 a , 李忠明 b , 张艺林 b , 王锋 b
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024,28(7): 1040-1050
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024, 28(7): 1040-1050
Spar平台多自由度耦合的涡激运动数值模拟研究
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周阳a, 李忠明b , 张艺林b, 王锋b
作者信息
  • a.浙江海洋大学 海洋工程装备学院,浙江 舟山 316022
  • b.浙江海洋大学 船舶与海运学院,浙江 舟山 316022
  • 周阳(1987-),男,博士,副教授

    李忠明(1996-),男,硕士研究生,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Numerical simulation study of vortex-induced motion with coupled multi-degrees of freedom on Spar platform
Yang ZHOUa, Zhong-ming LIb , Yi-lin ZHANGb, Feng WANGb
Affiliations
  • a.School of Marine Engineering Equipment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
  • b.School of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
出版时间: 2024-07-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.007
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为研究Spar平台在均匀流作用下多自由度耦合的涡激运动特性,本文基于STAR-CCM+求解器建立了考虑流固耦合的Spar平台涡激运动数值模型,探讨了纵荡、横荡、垂荡、纵摇和横摇五个自由度的耦合效应。结果表明:Spar平台在横荡、垂荡与横摇三个自由度发生明显“涡激共振”现象,并且垂荡与横摇自由度“涡激共振”现象发生的速度区间基本一致;横荡与横摇自由度保持着较高的耦合性,横荡共振时横荡与横摇的运动主频保持1:1的关系,横摇共振时横荡运动频谱的次峰频率等于横摇运动主频;纵荡、垂荡与纵摇三个自由度存在复杂的非线性耦合运动关系,不仅纵荡、垂荡的运动主频始终存在于纵摇频谱中,而且纵摇与纵荡、纵摇与垂荡的耦合程度在不同的折合速度范围内存在差异。

Spar平台  /  涡激运动  /  流固耦合  /  多自由度  /  STAR-CCM+

In order to study the vortex-induced motion characteristics with coupled multi-degrees of freedom of Spar platforms under a uniform flow, a numerical model about the vortex-induced motion of a Spar platform considering fluid-structure interactions was established based on STAR-CCM+, and the coupling effects of five-degrees of freedom (surge, sway, heave, pitch and roll) were investigated. The results show that the vortex-induced resonance can be observed obviously at three degrees of freedom (sway, heave and roll), and the velocity interval of vortex-induced resonance is the same at the two degrees of freedom (heave and roll). Meanwhile, the coupling effects between sway and roll are obvious. In the case of sway resonance, the relationship of the dominant frequency between sway and roll is 1:1, and in the case of roll resonance, the secondary peak frequency of sway is the same as the dominant frequency of roll. Moreover, there are complex nonlinear coupling relationships among the three degrees of freedom (surge, heave and pitch), not only the dominant frequency of surge and heave always exists in the pitch spectrum, but also the coupling effects between pitch and surge, pitch and heave are various in the different ranges of reduced velocity.

Spar platform  /  vortex-induced motion  /  fluid-structure interaction  /  multi-degrees of freedom  /  STAR-CCM+
周阳, 李忠明, 张艺林, 王锋. Spar平台多自由度耦合的涡激运动数值模拟研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (7) : 1040 -1050 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.007
Yang ZHOU, Zhong-ming LI, Yi-lin ZHANG, Feng WANG. Numerical simulation study of vortex-induced motion with coupled multi-degrees of freedom on Spar platform[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (7) : 1040 -1050 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.007
Spar等浮式平台在来流作用下会发生交替涡旋泄放,产生作用于平台且周期性变化的流体力,使平台发生明显的涡激运动(Vortex-Induced Motion,VIM)现象。涡激运动会增加平台立管、系泊系统的疲劳破坏,降低使用寿命,是海洋工程界的重点关注领域和研究热点。2001年,墨西哥湾服役的Genesis Spar平台发生了严重的涡激运动现象[1],此后学者们针对海洋浮式平台的VIM问题进行了一系列研究[2-5]
近年来,随着对涡激运动认识的不断加深,关于浮式平台涡激运动的研究也越来越广泛。Bianchi等[6]研究了螺旋侧板对圆柱体涡激运动的抑制效应,结果表明螺旋侧板可以有效降低圆柱体的涡激运动响应;Subbulakshmi等[7]研究了阻尼板的个数、直径、布置位置和间距等参数对Spar平台垂荡和纵摇运动的影响,研究表明阻尼板直径比为1.2~1.4时,抑制平台垂荡和纵摇响应的最佳布置间距与Spar平台吃水的比值分别为0.16和0.2;Rao等[8-9]和Abazari等[10-11]探讨了不同形式垂荡板对Spar平台运动响应特性的影响;张晨雅等[12]研究了波流耦合作用下Spar平台的涡激运动和驰振响应,研究表明波流耦合作用对平台的运动响应影响显著;Lefevre等[13]数值模拟了Spar平台的涡激运动,探讨了计算流体力学方法在涡激运动研究中的应用;魏东泽等[14-15]和胡晓峰等[16]研究了考虑艏摇运动的半潜式平台纵荡、横荡与艏摇三自由度的涡激运动响应;Chen等[17-18]比较分析了自由液面对圆柱体绕流和两自由度涡激运动特性的影响;Zhang等[19]研究了浮式平台垂荡运动对深海顶张立管涡激振动特性的影响;李伟等[20]研究了波激与涡激联合作用下Spar平台垂荡、纵摇和横摇三个自由度的非线性耦合运动,探讨了平台非线性耦合运动的规律。由上述研究可知,虽然国内外学者对海洋浮式平台的涡激运动进行了深入的分析,但对于Spar平台的多自由度涡激运动研究还有待丰富。
目前国内外学者对Spar平台的涡激运动研究主要集中于纵荡和横荡两个自由度的运动,考虑纵摇和横摇运动的研究较少。因此本文考虑流固耦合效应,对S-Spar平台进行多自由度耦合的涡激运动数值模拟研究,分析不同折合速度下Spar平台的纵荡、横荡、垂荡、纵摇和横摇响应特征,并探讨Spar平台涡激运动的多自由度耦合特性。
本文数值计算采用改进的延迟分离涡(Improved Delayed Detach Eddy Simulation,IDDES)方法。传统的分离涡模拟法(Detached-Eddy Simulation,DES)是一种混合建模方法,结合了雷诺时均法(Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes,RANS)和大涡模拟法(Large Eddy Simulation,LES),在边界层上进行RANS模拟,在非定常分离区进行LES模拟。而IDDES方法则是DES方法的一种改进,其结合了DDES方法和WMLES(Wall-Modelling LES)方法,有效解决了“模型应力耗散(Modeled Stress Depletion,MSD)”和“对数层不匹配(Log-Layer Mismatch,LLM)”问题,提高了近壁面湍流求解质量和大分离流动的数值求解精度[21]。Lefevre等[13]通过STAR-CCM+采用RANS方法和DES方法求解Spar平台的VIM问题,发现SA-DES(Spalart-Allmaras DES)方法模拟结果和实验值吻合更好,数值模拟效果更佳。因此,本文也通过STAR-CCM+采用SA-DES湍流模型求解Spar平台的多自由度涡激运动问题。
涡激运动是一种复杂的流固耦合问题,流体激发结构运动,结构运动又改变流场流态,流体和结构彼此相互影响,在求解此类问题时往往采用动网格技术以解决流场中结构的边界运动问题,但是动网格技术容易出现网格畸变和负体积问题。因此,本文采用了最新的重叠网格(Overset Mesh)技术来实现Spar平台在流场中的柱体边界运动,借助动态流固耦合模型(Dynamic Fluid-Body Interaction,DFBI)实现Spar平台的平移和旋转运动,运用流体体积法(Volume of Fluid Method,VOF)求解自由液面的流动。
其次,在本节中给出了文中用于表征结构涡激运动特性的无量纲参数,相关的参数定义及公式表示分别叙述如下。
(1)雷诺数
雷诺数(Reynolds number,Re)是涡激运动研究中最重要的无量纲参数之一,它表示流体惯性力和粘性力的比值,其表达式如下所示:
式中,ρ为流体密度,U为来流速度,D为结构特征长度(圆柱体通常取其直径,本文中分别取硬舱、软舱和连接段的直径用于求各部分的Re),μ为动力粘度,ν为运动粘度。
(2)折合速度
折合速度(Ur)是涡激运动中的重要无量纲参数,是用于表征来流速度被提出来的,其表达式如下:
式中,D为圆柱体直径,fn为结构固有频率,一般通过自由衰减实验获得。
(3)无量纲响应幅值
无量纲响应幅值A*用于描述圆柱体涡激运动幅值大小,它可以更加直观地表示涡激运动中不同直径圆柱体的运动剧烈程度,通常可以用无量纲最大响应幅值和标称响应幅值来反映,其表达式如下:
式中,(A*maximum表示无量纲最大响应幅值,(A*nominal表示无量纲标称响应幅值,AmaxAmin分别表示最大和最小位移量,σA)表示位移量的标准差。
本文计算模型为一新概念Spar平台(S-Spar)的简化模型(图1(a)),其主要参数如表1所示,采用的缩尺比为1:56[22]。模型的系泊系统为等效斜向系泊系统,为平台提供水平回复力和垂向拉力,等效系泊系统如图1(b)~(c)所示。该系泊系统由4根线性弹簧对称分布组成,单根弹簧的刚度为29.84 N/m,通过STAR-CCM+求解器的DFBI子块在Spar平台的数值模型中添加线性弹簧系泊。
本文的数值水池以Spar平台硬舱上表面中心点轴线和自由液面交界点为坐标原点,数值水池及网格划分如图2所示。其中,数值水池左侧、底部和顶部边界为速度入口,右侧边界为压力出口,两侧则为对称面边界,Spar平台表面为无滑移壁面,初始自由液面位于XOY平面(Z=0),Spar平台位置与数值水池各边界关系为:-10D<X<30D,-10D<Y<10D,-12D<Z<6D图2(a))。本文网格划分采用非结构化切割体网格,在Spar平台近壁面设置15层边界层网格,壁面y+=1,对平台周围近场区域和自由液面区域进行网格加密处理。
数值模拟研究中,网格的疏密程度和质量对数值计算结果的精度和效率都有影响,往往需要进行网格收敛性分析(又称无关性验证)以排除网格对数值计算结果的影响。因此,本文采用了粗网格、标准网格和细网格三套网格进行网格无关性验证,选取水流速度为U=0.15 m/s(Ur=7.5),计算结果如表2所示。根据计算结果可知,标准网格和细网格的拖曳力系数均值、脉动升力系数和横荡响应幅值变化率均在5%以内,296万网格数量已经收敛。因此,为兼顾计算精度和计算效率,本文使用标准网格进行计算。
本文计算S-Spar平台纵荡、横荡、垂荡、纵摇和横摇五个自由度耦合的涡激运动响应(图3所示为浮体结构空间六自由度运动示意图),在不同来流速度下同时释放XYZ轴三个平动自由度和XY轴两个转动自由度,折合速度范围从1.5到17.5,具体的S-Spar平台VIM数值计算工况如表3所示。
为了校核数值模型的系泊刚度,首先对Spar平台的横荡、垂荡和横摇三个自由度进行静水自由衰减数值实验。在无来流情况下分别给定Spar平台Y轴向0.17 m的位移和0.0072 rad的转动角,Z轴向0.09 m的位移,分别释放Y轴平动自由度、Y轴转动自由度和Z轴平动自由度,自由衰减实验结果如图4表4所示。
自由衰减实验结果表明:横荡、横摇和垂荡的固有周期分别为25 s、4.65 s和2.75 s,由模型的对称性可知纵荡固有周期为25 s,纵摇固有周期为4.65 s。
为验证数值计算方法的准确性,本文对文献[23]中模型实验柱体的涡激运动响应进行了数值模拟、数值计算结果和模型实验结果对比验证。数值模拟与模型实验的自由衰减曲线、涡激运动响应幅值如图5图6所示,其中Max.Y/D为最大响应幅值,Std.Y/D为标称响应幅值。
图5图6的验证结果可知,数值模拟和模型实验结果吻合良好,自由衰减的时程曲线与傅里叶变换结果均一致,纵荡和横荡运动响应幅值的变化趋势一致;本文数值模型中的系泊由等效线性弹簧替代模型实验系泊缆,数值模型系统阻尼小于模型实验,所以响应幅值大小略有偏差,但误差范围较小。综合上述的分析可以说明,本文所采用的数值模型建模与计算方法是可行的,可用于本文后续S-Spar平台涡激运动的数值模拟研究。
图7给出了Spar平台横荡响应幅值随折合速度变化的情况。可以看出,本文的横荡响应幅值和文献[22]的结果有较高的一致性,横荡响应幅值随着折合速度的变大先增大后减小,折合速度为5~9的范围是响应幅值最大区间,在折合速度为6.5时横荡幅值达到最大值,约为0.59D;在折合速度为9~18范围内横荡响应幅值基本保持在0.1D~0.3D之间,折合速度为12.5时响应幅值出现较小的峰值,约为0.3D。由分析可知,在折合速度为5~9的范围内,S-Spar的横荡运动频率接近其固有频率,发生“涡激共振”现象,导致其运动幅值显著增大,这一区间为结构响应的危险区间,在结构设计时应避免其正常服役的折合速度范围位于这一区间。
图8给出了纵荡、垂荡、纵摇和横摇四个自由度的响应幅值与折合速度的变化关系。从图可以看出,纵荡和纵摇的响应幅值总体变化趋势与折合速度呈正相关关系,在折合速度约为5~8的范围内发生小幅“涡激共振”现象,纵荡响应幅值和纵摇角有小幅增大;横摇响应幅值曲线有两个峰值区间,第一个在折合速度大约为5~9的范围内,该区间横摇幅值整体较小,横摇角最大值约为0.006 rad,第二个在折合速度大约为12~16的范围内,这一区间横摇幅值显著增大,在折合速度为14.5时达到最大值,约为0.08 rad,此时平台顶部和底部的水平位移分别为0.28D和0.2D;垂荡响应幅值在折合速度小于10时约为0.11D,在折合速度为10~15的范围内,垂荡幅值明显变大,最大值约为0.17D,在折合速度大于15时,垂荡幅值随着折合速度的增大而减小。由分析可知,“涡激共振”现象的发生是横摇和垂荡响应幅值曲线出现峰值的原因。在折合速度为5~9的范围内,由于横流向涡泄频率接近横荡固有频率,在横荡自由度发生明显的“涡激共振”,横摇运动频率也因此被锁定在横荡频率,导致横摇运动位移变大;而在折合速度为12~16的范围内,横流向涡泄频率接近横摇运动固有频率,横摇自由度发生明显的“涡激共振”现象,横摇运动位移陡增;在横摇“涡激共振”发生时,即在折合速度为10~15的范围内,垂荡运动频率等于其固有频率,发生垂荡“涡激共振”,垂荡响应幅值变大。因此,上述分析说明在S-Spar的多自由度涡激运动中,结构的“涡激共振”现象对其运动形态的影响不可忽视。
图9给出了Spar平台多自由度耦合运动时各自由度运动频率随折合速度变化的情况,图中的频率均为各自由度在不同折合速度下的运动主频。从图可以看出,各自由度的运动频率随折合速度变化的规律大致可以分为三个阶段。第一阶段,纵荡频率基本为固有频率,横荡为低频运动,纵摇和横摇频率耦合于垂荡频率。第二阶段,各自由度运动频率耦合关系显著,横荡和横摇保持较高的耦合性,二者的运动频率主峰值保持1:1关系;纵荡和横荡主频在折合速度为3.5和4.5时保持为1:1的关系。在折合速度为5~9的范围则基本保持为2:1的关系。纵摇运动主频表现为较大的波动性,在折合速度为3.5时为其固有频率,当折合速度变为4.5时与垂荡频率耦合,而当折合速度为5.5时又耦合于纵荡主频,此后则基本保持在固有频率,当折合速度变为9.5时再次耦合于垂荡频率。垂荡运动主频基本保持在0.385 Hz左右,在横荡响应幅值最大的折合速度范围内(Ur=6.5、7.5)则变为了0.36 Hz的固有频率。第三阶段,纵荡和横荡主频基本保持为1:1的关系,频率值大小则在固有频率值附近波动。横摇和垂荡主频分别接近其各自的固有频率,它们在该折合速度范围内的响应幅值明显变大。纵摇运动主频在折合速度为9~12的范围内耦合于垂荡频率,此后则接近其固有频率,与横摇主频基本保持为1:1的关系。分析可知,横荡和横摇运动频率变化的原因是横流向涡激力的激励作用,在第二阶段横流向涡泄频率接近横荡运动固有频率,发生横荡涡激共振,在第三阶段横流向涡泄频率则接近于横摇运动固有频率,发生横摇涡激共振;在纵荡-垂荡-纵摇平面内,受到横流向涡激力的影响较小,受平台周围流场变化的影响,发生了复杂的纵荡-垂荡-纵摇非线性耦合运动。
为了进一步探究Spar平台五自由度涡激运动时各自由度之间的耦合效应,选取数值收敛且稳定的200 s数据,给出了折合速度为6.5和14.5时纵荡、横荡、垂荡、纵摇和横摇响应的时历曲线与相应频谱分析(图10~11)。
从图可以看出,横荡、垂荡和横摇运动频率较为简单,基本为单峰谱或双峰谱,而纵荡和纵摇运动频率为复杂的多峰谱。横荡和横摇保持着较高耦合性,在折合速度等于6.5的横荡主共振时,横摇频率锁定于横荡频率,而当折合速度等于14.5的横摇主共振时,横荡频率成分中出现了等于横摇频率的次峰频率。纵摇频率成分除了其自身的主频外,还存在等于垂荡、纵荡频率的次峰频率,这三者的频率总是同时存在于纵摇频谱中,说明存在复杂的纵荡-垂荡-纵摇非线性耦合运动。进一步分析发现,当横流向发生横荡主共振时,纵摇-纵荡耦合效应强于纵摇-垂荡耦合,而当横流向为横摇主共振时,纵摇-垂荡耦合效应强于纵摇-纵荡耦合。
本文基于CFD方法,利用IDDES湍流模型对新型Spar(S-Spar)平台在不同折合速度下的纵荡、横荡、垂荡、纵摇和横摇多自由度耦合的涡激运动进行数值模拟研究,探讨了Spar平台各自由度涡激运动响应幅值随折合速度的变化情况,以及各个自由度之间的耦合效应,主要结论如下:
(1)从Spar平台的多自由度VIM中可以观察到三个明显的“涡激共振”区,分别对应着横荡、横摇与垂荡自由度,横流向涡泄频率分别在不同的折合速度范围内接近横荡和横摇运动固有频率,导致横荡与横摇共振现象的发生,并且垂荡共振与横摇共振现象发生的速度范围基本一致;
(2)横荡与横摇运动保持着较高的耦合关系,在横荡共振阶段时横荡与横摇运动的主频保持着1:1的关系,横摇运动主频锁定于横荡运动频率,在横摇共振阶段时横荡频率谱为双峰谱,并且次峰频率值等于横摇运动主频;
(3)纵荡、垂荡与纵摇三个自由度存在复杂的非线性耦合运动关系,不仅纵荡、垂荡的运动主频总是存在于纵摇频谱中,而且纵摇与纵荡、纵摇与垂荡的耦合程度在不同的折合速度范围内存在差异,在横流向为横荡共振时,纵摇-纵荡耦合效应强于纵摇-垂荡耦合,在横流向为横摇共振时,纵摇-垂荡耦合效应强于纵摇-纵荡耦合。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(42006175)
  • 舟山市科技计划项目(2021C21025)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.007
  • 接收时间:2024-01-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2024-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-20
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(42006175)
舟山市科技计划项目(2021C21025)
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    a.浙江海洋大学 海洋工程装备学院,浙江 舟山 316022
    b.浙江海洋大学 船舶与海运学院,浙江 舟山 316022

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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