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Article(id=1243879675961913626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879674670072443, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705939200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774493624916, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1721404800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774493624916, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774493624916, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493624916, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243879674670072443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='7', pageStart='967', pageEnd='1132', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774493624607, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493869111, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243880700257087675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879674670072443, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243880700257087676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879674670072443, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1051, endPage=1062, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243879676314235164, articleId=1243879675961913626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Characterisation of components for a floating wind turbine mooring system in small water depths, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Offshore wind energy resources is richer than land wind energy, and water depth of the continental shelf in China's waters increases slowly as the distance offshore increases. Based on the characteristics, how to optimize the design of mooring systems to adapt to the water depth conditions in China is one of the major problems encountered in the development of floating wind turbines. In this paper, a 5MW-OC4 semi-submersible floating wind turbine was used as the research object, the floating wind turbine was moored by suspended chain lines, and the frequency domain and time domain calculations of the floating wind turbine were performed under 40 m water depth in a sea area of Bohai Sea using SESAM software. Mooring accessories were used separately and in combination for parameter sensitivity analysis, and then the mooring system was optimized by combining buoys and clump weight blocks. The results of the study show that under shallow water conditions, the combination of mooring fittings has the same effect on the overall response of the floating wind turbine as changing the same mooring parameters when used alone, but the effect of changing the mooring parameters on the optimisation of the performance of the mooring system is more obvious when used in combination, the optimisation difference in the mean value of the counterweight block position parameters when used in combination can reach 15.7%, and the optimisation difference in the longitudinal oscillation, longitudinal rocking and the tension response are all within 10% of each other. The optimisation difference of longitudinal oscillation, longitudinal rocking and tension response is basically within 10%. Therefore, choosing a reasonable combination of accessories can significantly change the overall characteristics of the floating system and affect the safety and cost of the system.

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海上风能资源远超陆地，而我国海域随着离岸距离增加，大陆架水深增加幅度减缓，针对此特点，如何优化设计适应我国海域水深条件的系泊系统是目前发展浮式风机遇到的重大难题之一。本文以5MW-OC4半潜式浮式风机作为研究对象，浮式风机采用悬链线式系泊方式，使用SESAM软件在渤海某海域40 m水深下对浮式风机进行频域和时域计算。系泊配件在单独和组合使用时分别进行参数敏感性分析，再将浮筒和配重块组合使用对系泊系统进行优化。研究结果表明：浅水条件下，系泊配件组合使用和单独使用时改变相同系泊参数对浮式风机整体响应影响规律相同，但组合使用时改变系泊参数对系泊系统性能优化的效果要更明显，组合使用时更改配重块位置参数时均值的优化差值能达到15.7%，而纵荡、纵摇以及张力响应的优化差值基本都在10%以内，因此选择合理的配件组合方式可以显著改变浮式系统的整体特性并影响系统的安全性和成本。

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郑兴（1980-），男，教授，博士生导师

张天胤（1998-），男，硕士研究生

胡振红（1976-），女，博士，讲师，通讯作者

马刚（1984-），男，副研究员。

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郑兴（1980-），男，教授，博士生导师

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郑兴（1980-），男，教授，博士生导师

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张天胤（1998-），男，硕士研究生

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张天胤（1998-），男，硕士研究生

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胡振红（1976-），女，博士，讲师，通讯作者

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胡振红（1976-），女，博士，讲师，通讯作者

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马刚（1984-），男，副研究员。

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马刚（1984-），男，副研究员。

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Parameters of OC4-DeepCwind wind turbine

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参数数值
额定功率/MW5
切入风速/（m·s-1）3
额定风速/（m·s-1）11.4
机舱质量/t240
切出风速/（m·s-1）25
转子直径/m126
机舱高度/m90
塔架总质量/t249.718
), ArticleFig(id=1243879684828672607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879675961913626, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

OC4-DeepCwind风机参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
额定功率/MW5
切入风速/（m·s-1）3
额定风速/（m·s-1）11.4
机舱质量/t240
切出风速/（m·s-1）25
转子直径/m126
机舱高度/m90
塔架总质量/t249.718
), ArticleFig(id=1243879684937724513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879675961913626, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Parameters of OC4-DeepCwind semi-submersible platform

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参数数值
平台质量（含压载）/kg1.3473×107
重心位置（水面线下）/m−13.46
总吃水深度/m20
横摇转动惯量/（kg·m2）6.827×109
纵摇转动惯量/（kg·m2）6.827×109
艏摇转动惯量/（kg·m2）1.226×1010
), ArticleFig(id=1243879685029999206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879675961913626, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

OC4-DeepCwind半潜式平台参数

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参数数值
平台质量（含压载）/kg1.3473×107
重心位置（水面线下）/m−13.46
总吃水深度/m20
横摇转动惯量/（kg·m2）6.827×109
纵摇转动惯量/（kg·m2）6.827×109
艏摇转动惯量/（kg·m2）1.226×1010
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Mooring system parameters

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参数数值
系泊系统类型悬链线式
系泊线数量3
系泊线长度/m320
系泊线断裂强度/kN13 583
锚深度/m40
导缆孔深度/m14
干重/（kg·m-1）299.5
锚距平台中心/m352.87
系泊线直径/mm120
轴向刚度/（MN·m-1）1123.5
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系泊系统参数

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参数数值
系泊系统类型悬链线式
系泊线数量3
系泊线长度/m320
系泊线断裂强度/kN13 583
锚深度/m40
导缆孔深度/m14
干重/（kg·m-1）299.5
锚距平台中心/m352.87
系泊线直径/mm120
轴向刚度/（MN·m-1）1123.5
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Environmental parameters of floating wind turbine

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海况值
Jonswap波浪谱有义波高/m6.42
峰值周期/s11.5
轮毂处平均风速/（m·s-1）21
表面流速/（m·s-1）1.85
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浮式风机环境参数

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海况值
Jonswap波浪谱有义波高/m6.42
峰值周期/s11.5
轮毂处平均风速/（m·s-1）21
表面流速/（m·s-1）1.85
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Combination scheme of accessories

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方案浮筒体积/m3浮筒位置/m配重块质量/（kg·m-1）配重块位置/m
Case1101590062.13
Case2201590062.13
Case3102590062.13
Case4101570062.13
Case51015900112.13
Case6----
), ArticleFig(id=1243879685646561928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879675961913626, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

配件组合方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案浮筒体积/m3浮筒位置/m配重块质量/（kg·m-1）配重块位置/m
Case1101590062.13
Case2201590062.13
Case3102590062.13
Case4101570062.13
Case51015900112.13
Case6----
), ArticleFig(id=1243879685764002442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879675961913626, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Difference of the response lifting rate with the accessories used separately and in combination

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浮筒响应体积安装位置
10 m320 m3变化率15 m25 m变化率
单独使用纵荡均值7.201 2907.237 0000.004 9597.201 2907.224 9600.003 287
最值10.170 13010.188 5600.001 81210.170 13010.180 4100.001 011
纵摇均值1.869 0201.948 9700.042 7761.869 0201.882 1490.007 025
最值6.312 5806.320 8200.001 3056.312 5806.333 5200.003 317
垂荡均值-0.219 650-0.163 010-0.347 463-0.219 650-0.235 500-0.072 160
最值-2.128 100-2.029 130-0.048 775-2.128 100-2.183 619-0.026 088
张力均值3 066 6303 074 8800.002 6903 066 6303 084 2320.005 740
最值10 664 70010 842 2000.016 64410 664 70010 834 3000.015 903
组合使用纵荡均值6.034 0506.106 7300.012 0456.034 0506.094 4800.010 015
最值9.861 1009.884 4000.002 3639.861 1009.894 4500.003 382
纵摇均值0.947 0001.068 8200.128 6380.947 0001.025 0000.082 365
最值5.012 9105.022 9100.001 9955.012 9105.037 7240.004 950
垂荡均值-0.377 440-0.252 696-0.493 650-0.377 440-0.307 040-0.229 286
最值-2.125 360-2.013 280-0.055 670-2.125 360-2.054 050-0.034 717
张力均值3 070 8703 082 7850.003 8803 070 8703 099 0000.009 160
最值9 623 0409 792 1200.017 5709 623 0409 833 5400.021 875
), ArticleFig(id=1243879685843694223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879675961913626, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

配件单独、组合使用时响应提升率差值

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浮筒响应体积安装位置
10 m320 m3变化率15 m25 m变化率
单独使用纵荡均值7.201 2907.237 0000.004 9597.201 2907.224 9600.003 287
最值10.170 13010.188 5600.001 81210.170 13010.180 4100.001 011
纵摇均值1.869 0201.948 9700.042 7761.869 0201.882 1490.007 025
最值6.312 5806.320 8200.001 3056.312 5806.333 5200.003 317
垂荡均值-0.219 650-0.163 010-0.347 463-0.219 650-0.235 500-0.072 160
最值-2.128 100-2.029 130-0.048 775-2.128 100-2.183 619-0.026 088
张力均值3 066 6303 074 8800.002 6903 066 6303 084 2320.005 740
最值10 664 70010 842 2000.016 64410 664 70010 834 3000.015 903
组合使用纵荡均值6.034 0506.106 7300.012 0456.034 0506.094 4800.010 015
最值9.861 1009.884 4000.002 3639.861 1009.894 4500.003 382
纵摇均值0.947 0001.068 8200.128 6380.947 0001.025 0000.082 365
最值5.012 9105.022 9100.001 9955.012 9105.037 7240.004 950
垂荡均值-0.377 440-0.252 696-0.493 650-0.377 440-0.307 040-0.229 286
最值-2.125 360-2.013 280-0.055 670-2.125 360-2.054 050-0.034 717
张力均值3 070 8703 082 7850.003 8803 070 8703 099 0000.009 160
最值9 623 0409 792 1200.017 5709 623 0409 833 5400.021 875
), ArticleFig(id=1243879685935968915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879675961913626, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Difference of lift rate in response to heavy blocks used alone and in combination

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重块响应质量安装起始点位置
700 kg/m900 kg/m变化率触地点触地点后50 m变化率
单独使用纵荡均值6.219 5165.974 1000.041 0805.974 1006.338 0420.060 920
最值9.946 7909.793 8400.015 6179.793 8409.914 6800.012 338
纵摇均值1.163 1000.995 9300.167 8530.995 9301.459 2600.465 223
最值5.185 4204.900 1900.058 2084.900 1905.128 1470.046 520
垂荡均值-0.337 108-0.347 960-0.032 191-0.347 960-0.310 670-0.120 031
最值-2.098 130-2.134 880-0.017 516-2.134 880-2.048 800-0.042 015
张力均值3 081 9403 079 6300.000 7503 079 6303 086 9600.002 380
最值9 822 7679 500 5100.033 9209 500 5109 813 2200.032 915
组合使用纵荡均值6.308 4506.034 0500.045 4756.034 0506.502 6540.077 660
最值10.015 9199.861 1000.015 7009.861 1009.993 0000.013 376
纵摇均值1.123 3500.947 0000.186 2200.947 0001.460 4900.542 228
最值5.328 4405.012 9100.062 9435.012 9105.266 9900.050 685
垂荡均值-0.364 440-0.377 440-0.035 671-0.377 440-0.301 234-0.252 978
最值-2.083 810-2.125 360-0.019 939-2.125 360-2.022 310-0.050 957
张力均值3 075 0693 070 8700.000 8103 072 5803 070 8700.003 984
最值9 988 1309 623 0400.037 9399 623 04010 044 4000.043 787
), ArticleFig(id=1243879686036632215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879675961913626, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

重块单独以及组合使用时响应提升率差值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
重块响应质量安装起始点位置
700 kg/m900 kg/m变化率触地点触地点后50 m变化率
单独使用纵荡均值6.219 5165.974 1000.041 0805.974 1006.338 0420.060 920
最值9.946 7909.793 8400.015 6179.793 8409.914 6800.012 338
纵摇均值1.163 1000.995 9300.167 8530.995 9301.459 2600.465 223
最值5.185 4204.900 1900.058 2084.900 1905.128 1470.046 520
垂荡均值-0.337 108-0.347 960-0.032 191-0.347 960-0.310 670-0.120 031
最值-2.098 130-2.134 880-0.017 516-2.134 880-2.048 800-0.042 015
张力均值3 081 9403 079 6300.000 7503 079 6303 086 9600.002 380
最值9 822 7679 500 5100.033 9209 500 5109 813 2200.032 915
组合使用纵荡均值6.308 4506.034 0500.045 4756.034 0506.502 6540.077 660
最值10.015 9199.861 1000.015 7009.861 1009.993 0000.013 376
纵摇均值1.123 3500.947 0000.186 2200.947 0001.460 4900.542 228
最值5.328 4405.012 9100.062 9435.012 9105.266 9900.050 685
垂荡均值-0.364 440-0.377 440-0.035 671-0.377 440-0.301 234-0.252 978
最值-2.083 810-2.125 360-0.019 939-2.125 360-2.022 310-0.050 957
张力均值3 075 0693 070 8700.000 8103 072 5803 070 8700.003 984
最值9 988 1309 623 0400.037 9399 623 04010 044 4000.043 787
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小水深下浮式风机系泊系统配件特性研究
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郑兴 1 , 张天胤 1 , 胡振红 1 , 马刚 2
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024,28(7): 1051-1062
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024, 28(7): 1051-1062
小水深下浮式风机系泊系统配件特性研究
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郑兴1, 张天胤1, 胡振红1, 马刚2
作者信息
  • 1.哈尔滨工程大学　船舶工程学院，哈尔滨　150001
  • 2.哈尔滨工程大学　烟台研究院，山东　烟台　264006

    • 郑兴（1980-），男，教授，博士生导师

    张天胤（1998-），男，硕士研究生

    胡振红（1976-），女，博士，讲师，通讯作者

    马刚（1984-），男，副研究员。

通讯作者:

通讯作者
Characterisation of components for a floating wind turbine mooring system in small water depths
Xing ZHENG1, Tian-yin ZHANG1, Zhen-hong HU1, Gang MA2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
  • 2.Yantai Research Institute of Harbin Engineering University, Yantai 264006, China
出版时间: 2024-07-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.008
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摘要
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海上风能资源远超陆地，而我国海域随着离岸距离增加，大陆架水深增加幅度减缓，针对此特点，如何优化设计适应我国海域水深条件的系泊系统是目前发展浮式风机遇到的重大难题之一。本文以5MW-OC4半潜式浮式风机作为研究对象，浮式风机采用悬链线式系泊方式，使用SESAM软件在渤海某海域40 m水深下对浮式风机进行频域和时域计算。系泊配件在单独和组合使用时分别进行参数敏感性分析，再将浮筒和配重块组合使用对系泊系统进行优化。研究结果表明：浅水条件下，系泊配件组合使用和单独使用时改变相同系泊参数对浮式风机整体响应影响规律相同，但组合使用时改变系泊参数对系泊系统性能优化的效果要更明显，组合使用时更改配重块位置参数时均值的优化差值能达到15.7%，而纵荡、纵摇以及张力响应的优化差值基本都在10%以内，因此选择合理的配件组合方式可以显著改变浮式系统的整体特性并影响系统的安全性和成本。

浮式风机  /  浅水  /  敏感性分析  /  系泊配件

Offshore wind energy resources is richer than land wind energy, and water depth of the continental shelf in China's waters increases slowly as the distance offshore increases. Based on the characteristics, how to optimize the design of mooring systems to adapt to the water depth conditions in China is one of the major problems encountered in the development of floating wind turbines. In this paper, a 5MW-OC4 semi-submersible floating wind turbine was used as the research object, the floating wind turbine was moored by suspended chain lines, and the frequency domain and time domain calculations of the floating wind turbine were performed under 40 m water depth in a sea area of Bohai Sea using SESAM software. Mooring accessories were used separately and in combination for parameter sensitivity analysis, and then the mooring system was optimized by combining buoys and clump weight blocks. The results of the study show that under shallow water conditions, the combination of mooring fittings has the same effect on the overall response of the floating wind turbine as changing the same mooring parameters when used alone, but the effect of changing the mooring parameters on the optimisation of the performance of the mooring system is more obvious when used in combination, the optimisation difference in the mean value of the counterweight block position parameters when used in combination can reach 15.7%, and the optimisation difference in the longitudinal oscillation, longitudinal rocking and the tension response are all within 10% of each other. The optimisation difference of longitudinal oscillation, longitudinal rocking and tension response is basically within 10%. Therefore, choosing a reasonable combination of accessories can significantly change the overall characteristics of the floating system and affect the safety and cost of the system.

floating wind turbine  /  shallow water  /  sensitivity analysis  /  mooring component
郑兴, 张天胤, 胡振红, 马刚. 小水深下浮式风机系泊系统配件特性研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (7) : 1051 -1062 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.008
Xing ZHENG, Tian-yin ZHANG, Zhen-hong HU, Gang MA. Characterisation of components for a floating wind turbine mooring system in small water depths[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (7) : 1051 -1062 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.008
正文
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0　引言
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风能作为近些年发展势头最旺盛的清洁能源，受到世界各国的重视。我国对于风电行业的投入也大大增加，在提出2060年前实现碳中和计划之后，风电行业发展进入黄金时代。海上风电相比于陆地固定式风机，不仅风资源更加丰富，而且解决了固定式风机视觉和噪声等问题，风电行业从陆地走向海上必定是未来发展的大趋势。我国海域大陆架水深随绵延距离增大而增加幅度小，近海海域水深基本小于60 m[1]，所以研究浮式风机在浅水条件下的发展很有必要，如何设计并且优化适应小水深且能抵抗恶劣海况条件下的系泊系统，也是当前浮式风机发展遇到的重大难题之一。
最开始使用浮筒和配重块来优化系泊系统可以追溯到1976年，Finn等[2]提出了“the guyed tower”，在平台遭遇极端海况时，平台的响应过大，系泊系统将配重块从海床上提起，此时可以视作悬链线的延伸来减小偏平台的运动响应；Mavrakos等[3]研究了浮筒对系泊系统的优化作用，确定了浮筒的尺寸、数量、位置的合理选择可以实现系泊系统的优化；Fitzgerald等[4]将浮筒应用于50 m水深的波能转换器上，证明在系泊缆上使用浮筒可以显著减轻系泊缆的重量，并对海洋结构物的运动响应产生显著影响；Yuan等[5]提出了一种基于半潜式平台的新型混合式系泊系统，该系统适用于深水环境且具有配重块和浮筒，他们通过时域耦合分析发现，混合系泊系统可以改善船舶的偏移问题，降低系泊缆的张力；肖元等[6]以某NREL 5MW浮式风机作为研究对象，提出使用纯锚链、配重锚链、弹性索和尼龙缆作为系泊材料的系泊系统，通过分析对比水平刚度、水平位移、系泊张力以及机舱加速度等参数来研究系泊系统动力响应特性可以得出，虽然配重锚链系泊系统可以降低平台运动响应，但是水平刚度会急剧上升；基于5MW半潜式浮式风机在水深50 m的条件，Xu等[7]提出了七种使用不同材料、系泊配件以及锚的系泊方案，充分利用几何和弹性系泊刚度来比较设计方案，通过静态、衰减、动态和成本分析，得出七种方案的优缺点。
浮筒、配重块等系泊配件与系泊缆的合理组合使用，可以成为如何设计并优化系泊系统使其能够适应小水深且能抵抗恶劣海况的突破口之一。本文以5MW-OC4半潜式浮式风机作为研究对象，使用SESAM软件在渤海海域40 m水深下对浮式风机进行频域、时域计算，研究配件自身特性以及组合使用时对浮式风机系泊系统的优化效果。浮筒、配重块与系泊线组合使用可以合理地分配系泊刚度、降低系泊张力等，分析浮筒与配重块单独使用、组合使用对浮式风机运动响应及系泊系统张力的影响，研究配件单独使用与组合使用时改变相同系泊参数对系泊系统性能优化效果，得到对系泊系统优化效果最好的配件组合方式。
1　浮式风机载荷计算的基本理论
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1.1　叶素动量理论
叶素动量理论[8]的原理是基于经验升力系数和经验阻力系数在翼型处产生的局部力与流经转子盘的空气动量守恒。叶素动量理论的基本思想是将风机叶片沿展向简化为若干长度为dr的叶素单元，且假定叶素单元各微段之间不存在相互作用，每个叶片上的力可以用每个叶素单元上沿展向积分叠加的力来近似，在风轮和轮毂中心之间的位置r处，转子上叶素单元的推力和扭矩为
式中，ρ是空气密度，V0是叶片上的相对速度，C是叶片元件的弦长，CL是升力系数，CD是阻力系数，dr表示叶素的长度，N是叶片数。
1.2　频域分析理论
对于大尺度的海洋结构物，速度势一般是基于三维势流理论来求解的。运动平台的频域响应方程可写为
式中，ω为入射波浪频率，Mf为平台的质量矩阵，A为附加质量矩阵，C为附加阻尼矩阵，K为附加水静力矩阵，u为平台运动响应的复数形式，Fw为波浪激励力。
1.3　时域分析理论
在时域中，浮式风机平台的运动方程为
式中，Mp为浮式风机的质量矩阵，Aa为附加质量矩阵，x为对应自由度的运动位移，t为模拟的时间，D为阻尼矩阵，Kt为总刚度矩阵，R为速度脉冲函数矩阵，F（t）为t时刻外界载荷，为一阶波浪载荷，为二阶波浪载荷，fwind为风载荷，fcu为流载荷，fext为其他载荷。
2　模型参数
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2.1　风机参数
本文选取美国可再生能源试验室（NREL）发布的5MW的OC4-DeepCwind半潜式浮式风机（见图1）作为研究对象。风机为水平轴的三叶轮结构，具体参数见表1。
2.2　浮式平台参数
浮式平台所处环境为渤海某海域水深40 m处，与TLP和Spar平台相比，半潜式平台在小水深时成本低且建造难度小。OC4-DeepCwind半潜式平台主要由三根直径为12 m的圆柱组成，三个圆柱底部分别与三根直径为24 m的圆柱相连。三根柱中间有一根直径6.5 m的中心支撑柱。圆柱之间由一系列直径为1.6 m的水平对角交叉支撑组成。几何尺寸如图2所示，具体参数见表2。
2.3　系泊参数
系泊系统是保证浮式风机稳定的主要部分，本文采用悬链线式系泊方式。小水深限制了悬链线的悬垂长度，为了保证浮式风机的安全性，需要选择合适的系泊参数，系泊系统具体参数[9]见表3。系泊系统使用三根系泊线，每根之间的夹角为120°，系泊线连接在静水面下方14 m处扁平圆柱的导缆孔上，锚位于40 m水深处。
2.4　环境参数
选取中国渤海某海域40 m水深作为工作水深，海况选用渤海50年一遇的极端海况，波浪谱选择JONSWAP谱，具体数值见表4，波浪入射角、风和流的方向为0°，2号系泊线为迎风缆。
3　数值模拟
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3.1　耦合模型验证
为保证本文所使用的数值工具对耦合模型模拟的准确性，使用SIMA对耦合模型进行3 h的响应模拟，把得到的结果与NREL发布的OC4-DeepCWind的1：50模型试验结果以及FAST模拟结果进行对比[10]。首先验证浮式风机的自由衰减模拟，从图3我们可以看出，耦合模型的自由衰减周期与试验、FAST模拟结果基本一致，可以初步判定SIMA的模拟结果是正确的。然后，验证耦合模型在不规则波单独作用下模拟结果的准确性，从图4可以看出，SIMA在不规则波单独作用下模拟出的垂荡响应和试验以及FAST结果基本一致，纵荡响应和FAST结果基本一致但是略小于试验结果。为了进一步判断耦合模型模拟结果的准确性，文中采用与试验相同的湍流风和不规则波联合作用进行验证，从图3可以看出SIMA在风浪联合工况下模拟浮式风机的纵荡、纵摇以及张力的均值与试验结果基本一致，张力的最大值略小于试验值。这可能是由于模拟过程中湍流风和不规则波产生的不同随机种子产生的不同振幅所致，总的来说结果基本一致，说明SIMA在湍流风和不规则波的作用下能够准确预测浮式风机的运动响应，证明了本文所使用的数值工具对耦合模型模拟的准确性。
3.2　单独配件参数敏感性分析
浅水环境下浮式风机系泊系统的恢复力主要来源于悬链线的重力，但是小水深限制了系泊悬垂段的长度，为了保证系泊系统能够拥有足够的恢复力，并且成本在可控范围之内，可以在系泊线上增加浮筒和配重块来增加恢复力[11]（见图5）。浮筒与配重块的组合使用可以合理分配系泊刚度、降低系泊张力以及减小平台的运动响应等，为了设计优化出适合渤海海域小水深且能抵抗恶劣海况条件的系泊系统，有必要分析对比浮筒与配重块不同参数、不同组合形式对系泊系统的优化效果。在分析浮筒和配重块组合使用对系泊系统优化之前，进行单独系泊配件参数敏感性分析，系泊示意图如图5所示。
3.2.1　浮筒体积以及安装位置
在悬链线系泊系统上增加浮筒可以提供一个向上的力，减小悬链线的重量。为了研究浮筒参数变化对风机整体响应的影响，首先对比不同体积的浮筒对系泊系统性能的影响，三种浮筒体积分别为10 m3、20 m3、30 m3，浮筒安装在距离导缆孔15 m处；然后考虑浮筒安装位置变化对风机整体运动响应的优化效果，选用体积为10 m3的浮筒，安装位置距离导缆孔分别为15 m、25 m、35 m。使用SIMA模拟使用不同参数浮筒的浮式风机在极端海况下3 h的运动响应，得到不同浮筒参数下浮式风机运动响应及张力统计结果。
从图6中可以看出不同浮筒参数下浮式风机的运动响应和张力，三角形标记代表响应统计值的最大值，圆形标记代表均值，误差棒代表标准差。从图中可以看出，浮式风机系泊系统上单独安装浮筒时，确定安装位置时增大浮筒体积会增大纵荡、纵摇的均值和最大值，垂荡响应的均值以及最值减小，二号系泊线张力的最大值增大，但是系泊线张力的均值变化很小；浮筒体积确定时，随着浮筒安装位置距离导缆孔距离的增加，会导致纵荡、纵摇的最大值和均值增加，但是垂荡的均值和最值会降低，二号系泊线的张力最大值也会增加，均值基本不变。
3.2.2　配重块质量以及安装位置
在悬链线上安装配重块可以增加垂直分力和线的总张力，从而增加系泊系统恢复力[12]。为了得出配重块参数变化对系泊系统性能的影响，首先考虑配重块质量对系泊系统的优化效果，配重块安装位置起始点位于系泊与海床的接触点，装配长度为50 m，配重块质量分别为500 kg/m、700 kg/m、900 kg/m；其次考虑配重块的安装位置对浮式风机整体响应的影响，配重块质量选择900 kg/m，系泊安装配重块的起始点分别设在触地点、触地点后50 m以及触地点后100 m，并保持装配长度为50 m。使用SIMA模拟配重块不同参数时的浮式风机在极端海况下3 h的运动响应，得到使用不同配重块参数的浮式风机运动响应及张力统计结果。
从图6中可以看出不同配重块参数下浮式风机的运动响应和张力，三角形标记代表响应统计值的最大值，圆形标记代表均值，误差棒代表标准差。由图可以看出，当浮式风机系泊系统单独安装配重块时，确定配重块安装位置，增加配重块的质量可以减小纵荡、纵摇的最大值和均值，同时垂荡的均值降低、最大值变大，而从图7（a）可以看出二号系泊线的张力最大值减低，均值变化不大，但是振荡幅度减小；当配重块的质量确定时，随着安装位置后移，浮式风机的纵荡、纵摇的最大值以及均值增加，同时垂荡的最大值减低，均值增加，从图7（b）可以看出二号系泊线张力的均值变化很小，最大值以及振幅都在增加。
3.3　配件组合使用参数敏感性分析
根据上述对比分析，可以得出浮筒和配重块单独使用时对系泊系统优化效果最好的参数。为了得出对浮式风机整体响应优化效果最好的配件组合方案，同时验证系泊配件之间有无影响，采用控制变量法进行分析。配件组合使用时固定三个参数不变，更改其中一个参数之后与前文得出的最优参数进行对比，其中Case6为无配件状态，具体方案见表5。使用SIMA模拟系泊配件组合使用并采用不同参数时的浮式风机在极端海况下3 h的运动响应，得到浮式风机运动响应及张力统计结果。
图8为配件组合使用时浮式风机的运动响应以及张力对比图，为使得对比结果更加清晰可见，选取浮式风机时域的10 800 s时历响应曲线中较为稳定的5800~6000 s进行对比，如图9所示。Cases2为Case1更改一个系泊配件参数后的方案，Case6为无系泊配件的方案，通过和Case6的对比可以看出配件组合使用对浮式风机的响应优化效果显著，而通过和Case1的对比可以看出Case1的优化效果要优于其他方案，说明配件组合使用时不会影响配件单独使用时对系泊系统的优化规律。
为了进一步探究系泊配件组合使用相对于单独使用配件是否会提升系泊系统性能优化效果，文中计算出配件组合使用时更改参数后系泊系统性能提升的百分比，再与单独使用配件时更改相同配件参数后系泊性能提升的百分比进行对比，结果如图10所示。除此之外，计算配件单独、组合使用时参数变化引起运动响应以及张力值均值、最值的变化率，浮筒、重块参数变化引起系泊系统性能参数变化率分别如表6和表7所示。从表中可以看出各参数对应的响应均值和最值以及响应的变化率，变化率是不同参数对应的数值之差与两者之间较小数值的比值，变化率为正值则表示随着参数正向变化，响应呈上升趋势；负值表示随着参数正向变化而响应呈下降趋势。从图中我们可以看出，改变其中一部分参数，虽然系泊性能的提升率差距很小，但是整体来看配件组合使用时更改配件参数对系泊系统性能的影响要大于单独使用配件时更改相同参数对系泊系统性能的提升。而且从图中我们可以看出差距较小的点普遍集中于更改配重块质量时，从表6也可以看出除纵摇响应之外，剩下的纵荡、垂荡以及张力的均值和最大值在更改配重块质量参数时对应的提升率的差值远小于其他参数。这说明更改配重块质量参数时，是否与浮筒组合使用对整体响应的影响不大，配重块质量参数的变化对风机整体响应影响占比较大，所以配重块质量相对于其他参数对于系泊系统的影响更大。因此，当更改配重块质量参数时，不论是配件单独使用还是组合使用，浮式风机系泊系统的提升率相差很小，因为二者的整体响应变化程度差异较小。
4　结论
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本文使用5MW-OC4半潜式浮式风机作为研究对象，在中国渤海40 m水深某海域极端海况下对采用悬链线系泊方式的浮式风机进行分析。使用控制变量法研究浮式风机系泊配件与整体响应之间的联系，采用SIMA模拟浮式风机整体响应，首先在配件单独使用状态下，更改配件参数得到影响规律，然后在配件组合使用状态下，更改相同配件参数，分析两种状态下系泊系统性能的优化规律是否一致，再对比两者对系泊系统性能优化的提升率差异，得出的结论如下：
（1）浮式风机系泊系统使用浮筒和配重块，可以明显优化纵荡、纵摇运动响应，减小系泊线张力的最大值，但是配重块和浮筒的特性会导致垂荡运动响应略微增大。
（2）配件不同使用形式下改变相同参数对浮式风机响应变化的影响规律一致。配件组合使用时改变参数对浮式风机整体响应的影响规律与配件单独使用更改相同参数时一致，但是组合使用时改变系泊参数对系泊系统优化效果的提升率要高于单独使用配件时更改相同参数的结果，其中较大的差值都出现在垂荡运动中，均值的优化差值能达到15.7%，而纵荡、纵摇以及张力的差值基本都在10%以内。
（3）更改配重块质量参数时，在配件单独、组合使用的条件下，风机的垂荡、纵摇以及张力响应的优化差值最大为1.837%，最小只有0.006%，远小于更改其他参数带来的优化差值，这说明更改配重块质量参数时，是否与浮筒组合使用对整体响应的影响不大，所以配重块质量参数相对于其他参数对于系泊系统的影响更大。
本文研究成果对实际工程具有指导意义。小水深下的浮式风机系泊系统造价成本一定时，配件组合使用状态不仅能达到单一配件对浮式风机的优化效果，而且还具有能够提升系泊系统寿命等优点，例如组合使用相对于单浮筒使用状态能够大幅度提升定位能力以及运动控制能力，而相对于单重块使用状态能够减小系泊线与平台碰撞概率，提升系泊线使用寿命等。除此之外，配件参数对浮式风机响应的影响规律也可为实际工程中配件参数的选择提供参考，为以后小水深下的系泊系统设计提供参考与借鉴。
基金
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  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB1506701)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51739001; 51879051)
  • 黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2020E071)
  • 浙江省深远海风电技术研究重点实验室开放基金(ZOE20200007)
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2024年第28卷第7期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.07.008
  • 接收时间：2024-01-23
  • 首发时间：2026-03-26
  • 出版时间：2024-07-20
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  • 收稿日期：2024-01-23
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB1506701)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51739001; 51879051)
黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2020E071)
浙江省深远海风电技术研究重点实验室开放基金(ZOE20200007)
作者信息
    1.哈尔滨工程大学　船舶工程学院，哈尔滨　150001
    2.哈尔滨工程大学　烟台研究院，山东　烟台　264006

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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