Article(id=1243306316232503494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243306309064442584, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.05.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731340800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774356925303, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1747670400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774356925303, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774356925303, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774356925303, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243306309064442584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='5', pageStart='681', pageEnd='848', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774356923595, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774357065180, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243306902965301262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243306309064442584, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243306902965301263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243306309064442584, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=830, endPage=839, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243306316517716171, articleId=1243306316232503494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Consistency calibration for arrays in cylindrical cavities based on holographic separation method and matching search algorithm, columnId=1241023038381158513, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the formation process of a sonar array, position deviation between array elements is inevitable, and the sound-field coupling between array elements is strong under the close-packed condition, thus resulting in the amplitude and phase inconsistency between array elements. So it is necessary to carry out array online calibration after array formation. An anechoic pool in the lab can only be used to simulate free field in a certain frequency band, which is difficult to satisfy the need of low frequency underwater acoustic measurement. Therefore, the study in this paper focuses on the low frequency calibration problem of cylindrical array, and proposes a calibration method for array amplitude-phase consistency which combines holographic acoustic field reconstruction in finite space with matching search compensation. Based on the sound field separation technique of near-field acoustic holography (NAH) in finite space, the sound field in finite space was reconstructed firstly. Then, the amplitude-phase consistency search function was established with the sound field reconstruction results to realize the amplitude-phase consistency calibration for complex array elements by combining the optimization idea of matching search algorithm. In this paper, a small cylindrical array was taken as the analysis object, the theoretical modeling and simulation of the finite space sound field in the cylindrical cavity were carried out, and combined with intelligent optimization algorithm to calibrate the amplitude and phase consistency between array elements. The simulation results show that the proposed method based on NAH can be used for on-line calibration of low frequency amplitude-phase consistency after array formation in the laboratory.

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声纳阵成阵过程中,阵元之间难免存在位置偏差,且在密排情况下阵元间的声场耦合较强,将引起阵元间的幅相不一致,需要在成阵后进行阵列在线校准。室内消声水池只能在一定频段内模拟自由场,难以满足低频水声测量所需要的自由场条件。因此,本文围绕常用的圆柱阵列低频校准问题展开研究,提出有限空间中全息声场重构与匹配搜索补偿相结合的阵列幅相一致性校准方法。该方法结合有限空间中近场声全息声场分离技术,首先进行有限空间中的声场重构,利用声场重构结果建立幅相一致性搜索函数,结合匹配搜索算法的寻优思想对复杂阵列阵元的幅相一致性进行校准。文中以小型圆柱阵为分析对象,开展圆柱腔内有限空间声场的理论建模与仿真分析,并结合智能优化算法,实现阵列阵元间幅相一致性校准。仿真结果表明,所提出的基于近场声全息技术的圆柱腔内阵列一致性校准方法,可以在实验室内进行圆柱阵列成阵后的低频幅相一致性在线校准。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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肖妍(1984-),女,博士,副教授

商德江(1969-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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1b.College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
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1b.哈尔滨工程大学 水声工程学院,哈尔滨 150001
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1b.哈尔滨工程大学 水声工程学院,哈尔滨 150001
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1b.College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
2.Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security (Harbin Engineering University), Harbin 150001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1243306330342142400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306316232503494, authorId=1243306330165981616, language=CN, stringName=商德江, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1a, 1b, 2, address=1a.哈尔滨工程大学 水声技术全国重点实验室,哈尔滨 150001
1b.哈尔滨工程大学 水声工程学院,哈尔滨 150001
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商德江(1969-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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Reconstruction error of sound field caused by the cavity wall at Holographic Plane 2 (for different circumferential deviation)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
偏转角度±1°±2°±3°±4°±5°
幅值误差5.06%5.06%5.45%5.83%5.82%
相位误差16.60%16.60%35.07%25.65%28.67%
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全息面2位置处腔体壁面产生的声场重构误差(对应不同的周向定位误差)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
偏转角度±1°±2°±3°±4°±5°
幅值误差5.06%5.06%5.45%5.83%5.82%
相位误差16.60%16.60%35.07%25.65%28.67%
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Reconstruction error of sound field caused by the cavity wall at Holographic Plane 2 (for different poisition bias in z-axis)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
偏移大小±0.2 cm±0.4 cm±0.6 cm±0.8 cm±1.0 cm
幅值误差7.62%10.33%13.5%12.5%25.3%
相位误差26.80%21.57%36.34%39.86%39.73%
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全息面2位置处腔体壁面产生的声场重构误差(对应不同的轴向定位误差)

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偏移大小±0.2 cm±0.4 cm±0.6 cm±0.8 cm±1.0 cm
幅值误差7.62%10.33%13.5%12.5%25.3%
相位误差26.80%21.57%36.34%39.86%39.73%
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基于全息分离与匹配搜索的圆柱腔内阵列一致性校准
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肖妍 1a, 1b, 2 , 赵明月 1a, 1b, 2 , 何元安 3 , 商德江 1a, 1b, 2 , 王杨 1a, 1b, 2 , 平自红 4
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025,29(5): 830-839
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船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025, 29(5): 830-839
基于全息分离与匹配搜索的圆柱腔内阵列一致性校准
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肖妍1a, 1b, 2, 赵明月1a, 1b, 2, 何元安3, 商德江1a, 1b, 2 , 王杨1a, 1b, 2, 平自红4
作者信息
  • 1a.哈尔滨工程大学 水声技术全国重点实验室,哈尔滨 150001
  • 1b.哈尔滨工程大学 水声工程学院,哈尔滨 150001
  • 2.海洋信息获取与安全工信部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学),哈尔滨 150001
  • 3.中国船舶工业系统工程研究院,北京 100036
  • 4.杭州应用声学研究所,杭州 311400
  • 肖妍(1984-),女,博士,副教授

    商德江(1969-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Consistency calibration for arrays in cylindrical cavities based on holographic separation method and matching search algorithm
Yan XIAO1a, 1b, 2, Ming-yue ZHAO1a, 1b, 2, Yuan-an HE3, De-jiang SHANG1a, 1b, 2 , Yang WANG1a, 1b, 2, Zi-hong PING4
Affiliations
  • 1a.National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
  • 1b.College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security (Harbin Engineering University), Harbin 150001, China
  • 3.Systems Engineering Research Institute, Beijing, 100036, China
  • 4.Hangzhou Applied Acoustics Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
出版时间: 2025-05-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.05.014
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声纳阵成阵过程中,阵元之间难免存在位置偏差,且在密排情况下阵元间的声场耦合较强,将引起阵元间的幅相不一致,需要在成阵后进行阵列在线校准。室内消声水池只能在一定频段内模拟自由场,难以满足低频水声测量所需要的自由场条件。因此,本文围绕常用的圆柱阵列低频校准问题展开研究,提出有限空间中全息声场重构与匹配搜索补偿相结合的阵列幅相一致性校准方法。该方法结合有限空间中近场声全息声场分离技术,首先进行有限空间中的声场重构,利用声场重构结果建立幅相一致性搜索函数,结合匹配搜索算法的寻优思想对复杂阵列阵元的幅相一致性进行校准。文中以小型圆柱阵为分析对象,开展圆柱腔内有限空间声场的理论建模与仿真分析,并结合智能优化算法,实现阵列阵元间幅相一致性校准。仿真结果表明,所提出的基于近场声全息技术的圆柱腔内阵列一致性校准方法,可以在实验室内进行圆柱阵列成阵后的低频幅相一致性在线校准。

近场声全息  /  匹配搜索  /  圆柱腔  /  圆柱阵  /  阵列一致性

In the formation process of a sonar array, position deviation between array elements is inevitable, and the sound-field coupling between array elements is strong under the close-packed condition, thus resulting in the amplitude and phase inconsistency between array elements. So it is necessary to carry out array online calibration after array formation. An anechoic pool in the lab can only be used to simulate free field in a certain frequency band, which is difficult to satisfy the need of low frequency underwater acoustic measurement. Therefore, the study in this paper focuses on the low frequency calibration problem of cylindrical array, and proposes a calibration method for array amplitude-phase consistency which combines holographic acoustic field reconstruction in finite space with matching search compensation. Based on the sound field separation technique of near-field acoustic holography (NAH) in finite space, the sound field in finite space was reconstructed firstly. Then, the amplitude-phase consistency search function was established with the sound field reconstruction results to realize the amplitude-phase consistency calibration for complex array elements by combining the optimization idea of matching search algorithm. In this paper, a small cylindrical array was taken as the analysis object, the theoretical modeling and simulation of the finite space sound field in the cylindrical cavity were carried out, and combined with intelligent optimization algorithm to calibrate the amplitude and phase consistency between array elements. The simulation results show that the proposed method based on NAH can be used for on-line calibration of low frequency amplitude-phase consistency after array formation in the laboratory.

near-field acoustic holography (NAH)  /  match search  /  cylindrical cavity  /  cylindrical array  /  array consistency
肖妍, 赵明月, 何元安, 商德江, 王杨, 平自红. 基于全息分离与匹配搜索的圆柱腔内阵列一致性校准. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (5) : 830 -839 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.05.014
Yan XIAO, Ming-yue ZHAO, Yuan-an HE, De-jiang SHANG, Yang WANG, Zi-hong PING. Consistency calibration for arrays in cylindrical cavities based on holographic separation method and matching search algorithm[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (5) : 830 -839 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.05.014
水下目标的远程探测、识别、跟踪离不开声纳阵列系统[1],为提高阵列增益,通常将阵列单元的接收信号进行相关处理,以抑制干扰噪声,提取有用信号特征及信息[2]。由于对阵列进行波束聚焦处理时,需要进行时延或者相移处理,阵列各阵元间幅相一致性的准确校准对提高其探测性能是十分关键的。随着水声设备的工作频段不断转向低频段,声纳阵列校准所关注的频段也不断降低[3]。目前,对于水听器单元或阵列的校准而言,常用的是自由场中的比较校准与校准腔中的驻波场互易校准两种方法[4]。其中,比较法校准首先要满足自由场条件,在实验室内消声水池的最低吸声频率有限,很难实现几十赫兹的自由场环境,而且也无法模拟海洋环境,而外场试验场地受环境干扰较大,且试验消耗比较大。对于驻波场中的互易校准,首先要建立驻波场,一般要求驻波管的壁厚尺寸为内径的一半,而低频阵列的尺寸较大,驻波管的内径也要相应增加,同时壁厚也要增加,构建难度加大,工艺更复杂,造价也较高。因此,为了提高阵列校准效率,需要针对与低频段水听器阵列幅相一致性有关的实验室在线校准问题展开研究。
声纳阵阵元间的幅相一致性校准,一般指的是相对校准[5-6],而非绝对校准。相对校准是指取其中一个阵元作为基元,通过测量获取各阵元与该基元之间的幅相差异,经过补偿使得阵列的所有阵元间保持幅相一致性。目前在实验室环境下进行阵列幅相一致性校准主要采用最小二乘法[7],但这种方法需要进行多次不同位置的测试,一般都是选择旋转阵列的方式进行测试,而且次数要大于阵列中阵元的数目,对于多元阵列来讲,每进行一次校准就要旋转几十甚至上百次,每次定位带来的误差都会影响校准精度,且由于低频情况下的自由场不易获得,带来的误差也较大。
本文结合圆柱腔体,采用近场声全息结合匹配搜索的方法,来实现有限空间中的低频段水听器阵列幅相一致性的在线校准。该方法不需要建立严格意义上的驻波场,只需将声源放置在圆柱腔体底部,在腔体内辐射声场,利用有限空间中双柱面近场声全息声场分离技术,分离出目标声源声场信息,再从寻优思想出发,建立阵元幅相一致性参数估计的目标函数,将匹配搜索算法应用于水听器阵列幅相一致性搜索函数中,完成阵元间幅相不一致性的匹配搜索,进而通过补偿实现阵列阵元幅相一致性的在线校准。由于目标函数是关于全息声压幅度与相位的非线性函数,同时又是非凸函数,本文选择在处理非线性、非凸优化问题中较为稳定的粒子群-模拟退火算法(PSO-SA),该算法既保留了PSO算法反演精度高、收敛速度快等特点,又充分利用了SA算法面对非凸优化问题具有更好的稳定性等优点,使得校准结果精度更高。
采用该方法,不仅可以解决实验室环境下的阵列在线低频校准问题,同时具有以下明显优势:(1)无需建立严格驻波场,大大降低了腔体制作难度;(2)当腔体建设好之后,可以预先利用标准水听器阵列进行腔体内不同区域的声场分布特性测试,建立腔体内的复声压数据库,之后,不需要每次都进行标准阵列测试,即可以实现不同圆柱阵列的在线校准;(3)只需按照一定角度间隔旋转即可,旋转次数只需满足全息分离方法所需要的参数即可,与阵元个数无关;(4)封闭的圆柱腔体可以设计加压装置,实现不同海深环境下的圆柱阵列一致性在线校准,为实际海洋环境下的应用提供一致性数据。本文将对这种方法进行数值仿真分析,验证该方法的可行性,为室内实验室校准低频水听器阵列幅相一致性提供一种新的思路,具有十分重要的研究意义与应用价值。
近场声全息分离技术可以在未知声场先验信息的情况下,从信息复杂的声场中将目标声源的辐射声场分离出来[8-9],得到目标声源的声场信息。本文以双柱面近场声全息声场分离技术为基本理论,建立基于全息测试数据的阵列幅相一致性校准理论模型。双柱面近场声全息声场分离技术可以利用全息面上测量的声源总声压和全息面之间的关系将不同声源分离开,再利用近场声全息声场变换理论便可准确地重建目标声场信息和噪声源干扰信息。全息面和声源之间的位置关系如图1所示。
图中SH1SH2分别是半径为rH1rH2的全息柱面,两个声源分别位于两个全息面的两侧,声源1位于全息柱面SH1内部,声源2位于全息柱面SH2之外,根据声场叠加原理,可知全息面上总声场应为两声源辐射声场之和:
式中,pI(rH1,θ,z)和pI(rH2,θ,z)分别为声源1在全息面SH1SH2上产生的声压,pII(rH1,θ,z)和pII(rH2,θ,z)分别为声源2在全息面SH1SH2上产生的声压。对空间域声压进行空间Fourier变换可以得到波数域声压,即声波的柱面波谱:
式中,P(rH,kz)为p(r,θ,z)做二维傅里叶变换后的柱面波谱。由柱面近场声全息原理中不同全息面之间的柱面波谱关系,可以得到同一声源在不同全息面SH1SH2上产生的声压柱面波谱:
联立方程式(3)~(6),解得声源1在全息面SH1SH2产生的声压波谱以及声源2在全息面SH1SH2产生的声压波谱,如式(7)所示。对分离后获得的声压柱面波谱进行空间Fourier逆变换,即可得到分离后的空间域复声压。
得到分离后的空间域复声压后,结合近场声全息的声场分离技术及匹配搜索算法的寻优思想,建立幅相一致性搜索目标函数,寻求使目标函数值达到一定阈值条件的阵元间幅相一致性。该校准方法的理论模型如图2所示,设ΔAA0•eθ,其中ΔA0为幅值不一致性,Δθ为相位不一致性。
具体实现步骤如下:
步骤Ⅰ:利用标准水听器阵列测量两个柱面上的复声压,结合双柱面全息声场分离算法,得到外部向内辐射的柱面波,记为PII(rH1,kz)。通过空间Fourier逆变换得到分离后的空间域复声压,将此结果作为标准测量结果的输入值,记为pII(rH1,ϕ,z)。
步骤Ⅱ:采用待校准圆柱阵测量有限空间中复声压,将待校圆柱阵上各阵元间的幅值、相位一致性作为变量,利用待校准圆柱阵上的各阵元测到的全息复声压,进行双柱面全息变换得到波数域上的柱面波谱,记为PII(rH1,kzA),通过空间Fourier逆变换得到分离后的空间域复声压,将此结果作为待校准测量结果的输入值,记为pII(rH1,ϕ,zA)。
步骤Ⅲ:将双柱面全息变换分离后得到的复声压输入值做相关处理,建立阵元幅相一致性搜索目标函数,如式(8)所示,利用匹配搜索算法的寻优思想,进行幅值、相位一致性搜索。
步骤Ⅳ:对搜索得到的幅相一致性进行阵元一致性补偿,得到高精度校准的阵列幅相一致性。
基于双柱面声场分离理论,结合柱形封闭腔体模型,进行了有限空间内柱面近场声全息声场分离方法数值仿真,仿真模型中标准声源位于圆柱壳底部,声源半径为0.10 m,有限柱形腔体与全息测量面的布放位置参照图3。两个柱形全息测量面保证同心同轴,利用离散采样获取全息面声压信息。腔体内部空间高度H=3 m,半径R=0.225 m,壳厚D=0.1125 m,声源半径为0.10 m;全息测量面轴向长度L=2 m,轴向采样间隔0.05 m,周向采样间隔10°,全息面半径rH1=0.10 m,rH2=0.12 m。
利用双柱面声场分离技术,在200~800 Hz频率下,重构了全息面2上由腔体壁面反射产生的虚拟源声场,以200 Hz、800 Hz为例,重构结果如图4所示,为了更清晰地展示声场重构效果,给出柱形全息面θ=0°时的轴向声压对比效果,如图5所示。
由以上仿真结果可以看出,腔体壁面反射产生的虚拟源能够获得很好的重构精度。由于柱面在z轴方向上存在截断,此时会受到“窗效应”和“卷绕误差”的影响,在柱的两端产生了一定的重构误差,此时可以通过增大全息面轴向尺寸来降低柱面两端的重构误差。
由于实际测试时,需要分别使用标准水听器与待校准水听器阵列进行圆柱腔内的复声压测试,不可避免会出现位置偏差,因此,本文针对这种定位偏差产生的影响进行了分析。从图2中可以看出,进行幅相一致性匹配搜索时,采用的是全息分离后的重构结果,因此,文中主要分析定位偏差对全息分离重构精度的影响。由全息双柱面声场分离原理可知,要求有两个柱形全息面测量场内声压。为了在实际应用中降低柱面声压测量技术难度以及定位误差,现假设标准水听器阵列为一线列阵,竖直放在腔体内,在腔体障板上设置旋转装置,旋转一周,来获取柱面全息声压,如图6所示,实心圆组成的一个线阵代表水听器阵列,通过绕轴线旋转一周,形成一圆柱面,在此过程中,其定位误差主要来自于圆周方向以及z轴方向上标准水听器与待校准水听器之间的位置误差。
一般回转装置的周向定位误差可以控制在±5°以内,轴向定位误差可以控制在±1 cm以内,本文对信噪比为35 dB、不同周向定位误差、不同轴向定位误差时全息声场重构精度影响进行了仿真分析。以600 Hz为例,只考虑周向定位误差时,全息声场重构结果的声压幅值误差和声压相位的相对误差计算结果如表1所示,其中相对误差计算公式如下:
式中,p泛指为重构面上的声学量,N为重建场点个数。
表1中可以看出,利用双柱面声场分离技术进行声场重构时,周向声场的声压幅值重建误差均值在5%~6%之间;当周向定位误差大于±2°以后,相位误差变化较为剧烈。因此,在实际应用过程中,要尽量保证周向定位误差控制在±2°以内。
之后,在周向定位误差控制为±2°之间时,分析了轴向定位误差对全息声场重构的影响,结果如表2所示。
表2中可以看出,当轴向定位误差大于±0.2 cm后,幅度相对误差已经增加至10%以上,相位误差更是增加到20%以上,因此,在实际应用过程中,要尽量保证周向定位误差在±0.2 cm以内。
得到了全息重构结果后,结合智能优化算法进行待校准阵元幅相一致性的最优值搜索。对于搜索算法研究,其中最具有代表性的有遗传算法、模拟退火算法、粒子群优化算法等。在参数较少、过程简单的非线性问题上,可直接使用粒子群算法进行处理。粒子群算法通过同时处理多个粒子实现并行处理,每个个体在优化过程中都具有学习功能,但标准粒子群优化算法的缺点是搜索精度低、容易陷入局部最优值,针对标准粒子群算法的不足,引入模拟退火算法的思想,利用模拟退火算法在一定概率控制下暂时接受一些坏解的特性,来解决陷入局部最优的问题。
PSO-SA算法目前在各领域的优化问题中都得到了应用,经过验证适用于非线性、非凸问题的快速求解,相对较为成熟,应用到本文的幅相一致性校准问题中后,优化流程为[10]:(1)按照对应阵元数设置粒子维度,将阵元间的幅相差异作为粒子速度,对粒子群的位置以及系统温度进行初始化,计算适应度函数;(2)更新粒子的位置与速度,并计算新的粒子群适应度函数;(3)结合适应度函数与当前温度计算接收函数,将其结果与随机数相比,判断是否接受新速度与新位置;(4)如果达到指定迭代次数或者已找到满足条件的最优解后,搜索过程结束,否则,对温度进行退火运算(本文中温度更新系数为0.5),返回步骤(2),继续搜索。由于引入了SA算法,随着退火常数温度的降低,结合轮盘赌的概率,在所有解中随机找到目标函数的全局最优解。在温度参数的控制下,最优解在退火过程中既可以接受好的结果,也可以接受有一定概率随温度下降而降低的坏结果,最后给出全局最优解的取值。
为了根据粒子维数找到合适的粒子群数,进行劣化概率分析。将搜索结果与假定的幅相一致性进行比较。如果幅值最大差值小于0.5 dB、相位最大差值小于0.5°,说明算法功能和搜索精度满足期望,重复操作多次(50次)。算法中找到的解处于局部最优解的情况,即幅值最大差值大于0.5 dB、相位最大差值大于0.5°。如果大于2倍,就增加粒子数,重新进行搜索,直到满足阈值条件。具体实现方法如图7所示。
根据第2章中仿真分析模型,以柱形全息面0°母线上靠近全息面轴心处的10个阵元的仿真结果为例,图8(a)、(b)所示分别为直接利用声源计算得出的10个阵元处辐射声场的幅度和相位信息,这些信息作为阵列测试结果的理论值。
生成一组随机数用于模拟待校准阵列阵元间的幅相差异,将模拟的幅相差异添加到各阵元处,将此时各阵元处声压幅值、相位作为阵列校准前的测量结果,如图8(c)、(d)所示。
结合双柱面全息声场分离技术,分别利用标准水听器阵列、校准前阵列测量结果进行腔体壁面反射产生的虚拟源声场分离,之后利用式(8),并采用图7中方法,设置粒子群数目为200,进行幅度、相位一致性的匹配搜索,再利用匹配搜索结果对阵列测试结果进行幅相补偿,得到校准后的阵列测量的声压幅值相位,如图8(e)、(f)所示。
图8中的理论计算值、阵列校准前测量值、阵列校准后测量值的对比中可以看出,在有限空间中,采用双柱面全息分离结果后,利用寻优思想的匹配搜索算法可以有效地搜索出阵列阵元间的幅相一致性,利用搜索得到的幅相一致性对阵元测试结果进行补偿修正后,更接近理论值。
为进一步讨论这种阵列在线校准方法对提高全息重构精度的有效性,进行了图3中所示腔体壁面反射产生的虚拟源声场分析,以600 Hz为例,重构面为全息面2所在位置,取其中θ=0°的轴线复声压进行分析,三种阵列的重构结果如图9所示。其中,“标准阵计算结果”代表理论值,“测量阵计算结果”代表带有幅相差异的阵列直接测量后进行全息分离得到的结果,“校准后计算结果”代表利用本文所提出方法进行幅相一致性校准后的阵列测量声压进行全息重构得到的结果。从图中可以看出,阵列经过校准后,得到的声压幅度与相位重构结果精度均有所提高,其中,图9(b)z=−1~−0.5 m之间的相位与标准阵列得到的相位两者之间的差值接近2π,相当于近似相等。
将全息面2沿轴线展开,整个柱面上的声场重构结果如图10所示。其中,图10(a)为利用标准阵进行重构的结果,其代表理论值;图10(b)为带有幅相差异的阵列直接测量后进行全息重构得到的结果;图10(c)为幅相一致性校准后的阵列测量声压进行全息重构得到的结果。
图10中可以看出,经过校准后的阵列再进行全息双柱面声场分离时,声场重构结果更接近于采用标准水听器测量得到的全息面数据的重构结果,也即声场重构精度明显有所提高,说明本文所提出的方法具有一定的可行性。
本文将有限空间中双柱面全息分离方法与匹配搜索算法相结合,实现了圆柱腔体内的圆柱阵列幅值相位一致性在线校准,进行了不同频率下的数值仿真分析。仿真结果表明,该方法可以实现阵列成阵后的实验室环境下较高精度的一致性在线校准,校准后的阵列可以得到与标准阵列一致的全息重构结果。采用本方法不需要建立严格的驻波场,降低了对实验测试环境的要求,可以利用标准阵列进行一次柱面腔内声场测试后,对不同的阵列进行一致性校准,还可以扩展至直线阵列、圆环阵列的校准,具有较强的实用性。此外,封闭的圆柱腔体还可以设计加压装置,实现不同海深环境下的圆柱阵列一致性在线校准,因此,本文所提方法在低频阵列的在线校准方面具有明显优势,可以为实验室内校准低频水听器阵列幅相一致性提供一种新的思路,之后将继续对本方法进行实际圆柱腔体内的校准方法验证实验,以进一步验证该方法的有效性。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11974089)
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2025年第29卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.05.014
  • 接收时间:2024-11-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-12
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(11974089)
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    1a.哈尔滨工程大学 水声技术全国重点实验室,哈尔滨 150001
    1b.哈尔滨工程大学 水声工程学院,哈尔滨 150001
    2.海洋信息获取与安全工信部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学),哈尔滨 150001
    3.中国船舶工业系统工程研究院,北京 100036
    4.杭州应用声学研究所,杭州 311400

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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