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Oscillating-water-column (OWC) wave energy converters (WECs) have attracted worldwide attention because of their simple structures and easy maintenance. However, they still face the issues of low energy conversion efficiency and narrow effective frequency bandwidth. A numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic performance of an offshore stationary dual-OWC array was conducted. Based on the potential flow theory, a nonlinear aerodynamic model considering air-liquid coupling was constructed by introducing aerodynamic and artificial damping on the first and second-order free surface boundaries of the OWC chamber. A set of physical experiments were carried out to validate the numerical model, and a good agreement between the experimental and numerical results was achieved. The results show that the chamber resonant frequency shifts due to the multiple diffraction waves between component devices. Appropriate array arrangement helps to improve the relative capture width and effective frequency bandwidth of the OWC wave energy devices, with a maximum increase of 61.7% and 24.5%, respectively.

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振荡水柱(OWC)波能转换装置具有结构简单、易于维护等优点,因此受到了全世界的关注。然而,该装置仍然面临着能量转换效率低和有效频带宽度窄等问题。本文对离岸双OWC阵列装置的波能俘获性能进行数值模拟研究。基于势流理论,在OWC波能装置气室的一阶和二阶自由表面边界上引入气动阻尼和人工阻尼,建立可考虑气液耦合的非线性气动模型。为了验证数值模型的准确性,进行水槽物理模型试验,并将数值结果与试验结果进行对比,发现两者吻合良好。研究结果显示:阵列装置之间的多重绕射波浪会导致装置的气室共振频率发生偏移;合理布置阵列装置有助于提升OWC波能装置的相对俘获宽度和有效频带宽度,最大可分别提升61.7%和24.5%。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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杨毅(1987-),男,硕士,高级工程师

刘石(1974-),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

周宇(1989-),男,博士。

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杨毅(1987-),男,硕士,高级工程师

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周宇(1989-),男,博士。

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双振荡水柱波能转换装置波能俘获特性数值模拟研究
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杨毅 1 , 杨韬略 1 , 郭欣然 1 , 刘志刚 1 , 王红星 1 , 陈文 1 , 刘石 1 , 周宇 2
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025,29(4): 585-596
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025, 29(4): 585-596
双振荡水柱波能转换装置波能俘获特性数值模拟研究
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杨毅1, 杨韬略1, 郭欣然1, 刘志刚1, 王红星1, 陈文1, 刘石1 , 周宇2
作者信息
  • 1.南方电网电力科技股份有限公司,广州 510080
  • 2.大连理工大学 海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024
  • 杨毅(1987-),男,硕士,高级工程师

    刘石(1974-),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

    周宇(1989-),男,博士。

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Numerical simulation on hydrodynamic performance of a dual-oscillating-water-column wave energy converter array
Yi YANG1, Tao-lue YANG1, Xin-ran GUO1, Zhi-gang LIU1, Hong-xing WANG1, Wen CHEN1, Shi LIU1 , Yu ZHOU2
Affiliations
  • 1.China Southern Power Grid Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080. China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
出版时间: 2025-04-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.04.007
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振荡水柱(OWC)波能转换装置具有结构简单、易于维护等优点,因此受到了全世界的关注。然而,该装置仍然面临着能量转换效率低和有效频带宽度窄等问题。本文对离岸双OWC阵列装置的波能俘获性能进行数值模拟研究。基于势流理论,在OWC波能装置气室的一阶和二阶自由表面边界上引入气动阻尼和人工阻尼,建立可考虑气液耦合的非线性气动模型。为了验证数值模型的准确性,进行水槽物理模型试验,并将数值结果与试验结果进行对比,发现两者吻合良好。研究结果显示:阵列装置之间的多重绕射波浪会导致装置的气室共振频率发生偏移;合理布置阵列装置有助于提升OWC波能装置的相对俘获宽度和有效频带宽度,最大可分别提升61.7%和24.5%。

离岸振荡水柱波能转换装置  /  阵列装置  /  波能俘获  /  高阶边界元  /  物理实验

Oscillating-water-column (OWC) wave energy converters (WECs) have attracted worldwide attention because of their simple structures and easy maintenance. However, they still face the issues of low energy conversion efficiency and narrow effective frequency bandwidth. A numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic performance of an offshore stationary dual-OWC array was conducted. Based on the potential flow theory, a nonlinear aerodynamic model considering air-liquid coupling was constructed by introducing aerodynamic and artificial damping on the first and second-order free surface boundaries of the OWC chamber. A set of physical experiments were carried out to validate the numerical model, and a good agreement between the experimental and numerical results was achieved. The results show that the chamber resonant frequency shifts due to the multiple diffraction waves between component devices. Appropriate array arrangement helps to improve the relative capture width and effective frequency bandwidth of the OWC wave energy devices, with a maximum increase of 61.7% and 24.5%, respectively.

offshore OWC WEC  /  array arrangement  /  relative capture width  /  HOBEM  /  physical experiment
杨毅, 杨韬略, 郭欣然, 刘志刚, 王红星, 陈文, 刘石, 周宇. 双振荡水柱波能转换装置波能俘获特性数值模拟研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (4) : 585 -596 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.04.007
Yi YANG, Tao-lue YANG, Xin-ran GUO, Zhi-gang LIU, Hong-xing WANG, Wen CHEN, Shi LIU, Yu ZHOU. Numerical simulation on hydrodynamic performance of a dual-oscillating-water-column wave energy converter array[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (4) : 585 -596 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.04.007
近年来,随着可再生能源技术的快速发展,我国海上波浪能的探索正逐渐从近海向深远海推进。相对于近海区域,深远海拥有极为丰富的波浪能资源储量,并且能流密度高。目前,多种漂浮式波能提取技术备受关注,其中包括振荡浮子式(oscillating bodies,OB))、越浪式(overtopping)和振荡水柱式(oscillating water column,OWC)等几种类型[1]。OWC波能装置具有结构简单、可靠性高和适应性强等优点,因此被广泛应用并成为目前最常见的波能装置之一[2]
为了利用远海中高能流密度的波浪能资源,各国学者也提出了各种形式的漂浮式OWC波能装置,并进行了广泛的水动力性能模拟研究。Luo等(2008)[3]建立了二维完全非线性的CFD模型,模拟研究了OWC波能装置的气动阻尼和锚链刚度对装置波能俘获效率的影响;Mavrakos等(2012)[4]分析了自由漂浮式的圆柱形OWC波能装置的水动力性能,包括装置的波能俘获能力和波浪荷载;基于势流理论,Lee等(2013)[5]运用加速度势求解方法模拟研究了自由漂浮的后弯管式OWC波能装置的运动响应和水动力荷载;Ning等(2018)[6]利用解析的方法模拟研究了三维圆柱形双气室OWC波能装置的水动力性能,发现外气室的引入可以提高装置波能俘获效率和有效频带宽度。
深远海波浪具有较强的随机性,波浪频带宽度较大。仅依靠单一的漂浮式OWC波能装置无法实现大规模的海洋波浪能开发。近年来,学者们开始关注集群阵列化的波能装置,以进一步提高OWC波能装置的波能俘获能力。Konispoliatis等[7]建立了阵列浮式OWC波能装置的解析模型,模拟研究了阵列化布置对OWC波能装置波能俘获以及水动力荷载的影响;Konispoliatis等(2016)[8]进一步开展了阵列的解析研究,模拟了可以兼做海上浮式平台的三OWC波能装置集成平台的水动力性能;基于流体无粘无旋假设,Nader等(2014)[9]建立了三维有限元数值模型,模拟了三种不同阵列形式的OWC波能装置的水动力性能,分析了不同阵列形式OWC气室内外波浪场的分布情况;Doyle等[10]实验测试了单个、阵列以及模块化的OWC波能装置的波能俘获性能,研究发现装置间距与气室宽度相同时,阵列和模块化装置的波能俘获能力提升最大;Zhao等[11]建立了集成于防波堤的阵列OWC波能装置的解析模型,模拟分析了OWC气室波面横向Sloshing式共振对阵列装置波能俘获和波浪荷载的影响规律。
迄今为止,对于阵列OWC波能装置的数值研究主要基于线性的频域理论。该理论假设流体是无粘、无旋的,并忽略了许多重要因素。这种方法无法准确预测OWC气室内大幅的气液非线性相互作用和流体粘性引起的能量耗散等水动力特性。本研究旨在以双OWC阵列波能装置为研究对象,研究其在非线性波浪作用下的波能俘获特性,并重点关注特定入射方向波浪作用下阵列装置距离对波能装置波能俘获能力的影响规律,为阵列装置的设计和优化提供参考。
考虑在水深h中波浪对离岸双OWC阵列模型的作用问题。波浪的入射方向为β,即波浪传播方向与x轴正向的夹角。图1为双OWC阵列模型的坐标系及计算域定义图,Oxyz为大地坐标系统,位于静水面上,Oz轴竖直向上为正。计算域Ω包含自由水面边界(外气室SOF、气室自由水面SIF(OWC1内气室SIF1和OWC2内气室SIF2)、固体边界(物面边界SB和海底边界SD)和远场边界。值得一提的是,本文考虑的OWC波能装置阵列拟集成于如远洋固定风机、大型浮式平台等支撑基础上,因此,本研究初步考虑固定/静态OWC波能装置阵列(大型浮式平台的浮式基础在作业海况下的运动幅值较小,对OWC的波能捕获性能影响较小)。
根据势流理论,理想流体水质点速度u可表示为速度势函数ϕ的梯度,即
根据质量守恒定理,在流场中速度势ϕ满足拉普拉斯方程,即
式中,t代表时间。
在瞬时自由表面SF上,流体质点满足如下运动学边界条件和动力学边界条件:
式中,g代表重力加速度,ρ代表流体的密度,pa为水面上的气体压强,η表示波面函数。
入射波浪进入OWC气室内并引起气室内水柱产生上下振荡。此时,由于流体粘性的影响,OWC气室内会产生能量损失,通常表现为压强损失(或水头损失)[12]。本文考虑线性化的压强损失[13],假设流体流速与水柱的垂向速度成正比,则压强损失可以表示为
式中,μart为修正阻尼系数,表征气室水头损失特性;表示气室内部波面垂向运动速度的空间平均值。气室内部由于流体粘性引起的能量耗散可以等效为气室水柱的压强损失。因此,自由水面动力学边界条件(4)可以写为
在离岸固定式OWC波能转换装置表面和水底等固定物体边界上,流体的法向速度为0,即
在无限的波浪场中,散射波浪向无穷远处传播,应满足无限远处的边界条件,即无穷远处波浪辐射条件。本文采用人工阻尼层法进行消波[14],吸收远场的散射波浪。阻尼层的设计原理类似于一个海绵层来吸收波浪能量,当波浪传播到边界时能量耗散为零,这样就有效地吸收来自结构物的散射波浪。
本模型在时域内求解,在静水面上初始条件为
在入射波浪的作用下,离岸OWC波能装置会产生绕射势。本文对ϕη进行摄动展开,并取其一阶和二阶分量:
式中,波陡ε=kAk为波数,A为波幅;上标(1)和(2)分别表示一阶和二阶分量;下标w和s分别表示入射和散射分量。一阶和二阶入射波速度势和波面升高可以分别表达为
式中,β为波浪入射角,波频ω=2π/TT为波浪周期,λ为波长。
基于小幅运动的假设,对自由水面边界条件进行泰勒级数展开,把瞬时表面上的边界条件变换到平均自由水面Sf上。把对ϕη的摄动展开代入拉普拉斯方程和边界条件,并分离级数εε2项,分别建立一阶和二阶边值问题。对于m阶波浪辐射问题(m分别为1和2),散射势在计算域Ω内均满足拉普拉斯方程:
在平均静水面上的边界条件[15]分别为
式中,三项分别为
式(20)中,压强项-pair/ρ是由OWC气室内总波面(η=η(1)+η(2))变化引起的总气室气压,并且只作用于一阶动力学边界条件上。对于二阶气室动力学边界条件,由于二阶气压量级比较小,所以本文忽略压强对二阶动力学边界的影响。式(20)中µart∂ϕ(1)/∂n和式(21)中µartη(1)∂ϕ(1)/∂n+∂ϕ(2)/∂n)分别为一阶和二阶动力学边界的修正阻尼项,用来模拟OWC气室流体粘性产生的能量损耗。阻尼修正系数μart的取值通常需要通过与试验对比得出。
对于远场边界条件,本文在自由水面动力学(式(16))和运动学边界条件(式(17))中加入阻尼项来吸收波浪[16]图2为自由表面计算域的俯视图,图中阴影部分为人工阻尼消波区,其范围为[r0r1] [17]。式(16)和式(17)中的υr)为人工阻尼系数:
式中,α0为阻尼系数,β0为阻尼层宽度系数,λ为入射波波长。为了提高阻尼区效率,必须选择恰当的α0β0以使散射波浪完全被吸收。本文中α0β0均取为1.0。
选取Rankine源和它关于海底的镜像作为格林函数[18],对散射势利用格林第二定理,可得到关于计算域边界上速度势的边界积分方程:
式中,α是固角系数,它满足如下的形式:
边界S包括从物体到阻尼层外边界的有限静水面SF和淹没于水中的物体表面SB
本文采用8节点四边形高阶单元进行边界离散,将物体表面和自由水面划分为一系列单元。积分方程经高阶边界元离散后,可通过求解线性方程组得到未知量。计算中认为当前物面上的速度势法向导数和自由水面上的速度势为已知量,根据积分方程计算物面上的速度势和自由水面上的法向速度。
本文根据线性波浪理论求解入射波波能流。因此,通过沿着波峰方向单位宽度内的平均波能流[19]可以表示为
式中的cg为波群速度,可以表示为
OWC气室内波面在入射波浪的作用下产生上下运动,从而产生往复气流。因此,OWC波能装置的俘获能量[20]可以通过气室气压与气孔通量相乘得到:
式中,Qt)为通过气孔的气体流量。基于理想气体假设,气孔的气体流量即为气室内流体体积的变化率,则通量Qt)可以表示为
式中,Sin代表OWC气室自由表面。研究发现,气室气压变化与气室气体体积通量存在如下二次关系[21]
式中,τair为通量系数;μair为二次气动系数,其值通常需要通过与试验对比得出。将式(29)代入式(27),并对其进行周期平均积分,可得到OWC波能装置捕获的平均波能流:
为了衡量OWC波能装置的波能俘获能力,通常采用相对俘获宽度ξ进行评估:
为验证数值模拟的准确性,本文在大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室的非线性波浪水槽中开展了离岸固定单个OWC波能装置的物理模型试验。该水槽长60 m、宽4 m、高2.5 m,水槽两端均布置有消波斜坡以吸收远场的反射波浪。
图3的实验布置图所示,OWC波能装置采用钢桁架吊装固定在距离造波机约20 m的水槽中心线上,试验的模型比例为1:20。为表述方便,建立笛卡尔坐标系Oxyz于装置的几何中心,原点O位于静水面上,Oz轴垂直向上为正。试验中,布置了四根浪高仪(G1~G4)来测量水槽不同测点处瞬时自由表面的变化。其中G3(−0.15 m,0 m,0 m)和G4(0.15 m,0 m,0 m)浪高仪布置在OWC气室内。本文采用G3G4点所测波面的平均值代表气室波面的振动幅值,即ηa=(ηG3+ηG4)/2。同时,在OWC气室顶部布置了两个点压力计Sa1(0.11 m,−0.11 m,0.2 m)和Sa2(−0.11 m,0.11 m,0.2 m),用于测量气室气压的变化。本文波能俘获特性计算中的气室气压变化取这两个测点的平均值,即pa=(PSa1+PSa2)/2。其中,PSa1PSa2分别代表Sa1Sa2两个测点的气压值。
试验中采用圆形气孔来近似OWC波能装置空气透平的影响,气孔的位置坐标为(0 m,0 m,0.2 m)。OWC波能装置的主要几何尺寸为气室墙厚度bw=0.1 m,装置的外径D=0.8 m,气室吃水d=0.3 m和气室高度dc=0.2 m。试验中考虑了一系列的规则波对波能装置水动力性能的影响,试验模拟的水深为h=1 m。
在开展双OWC波能装置数值模拟之前,首先通过数值模拟预测单个OWC波能装置的水动力性能,并与试验结果进行对比。试验数据选取如下工况:入射波周期T=1.45 s(kh=1.99),入射波幅A=0.025 m和气室气孔直径D0=0.104 m。数值模型中,将OWC波能装置的湿表面和自由水面划分为一定数量的四边形网格,如图4所示。在对数值模型进行网格收敛性验证后,OWC波能装置湿表面划分为144个单元,588个节点;自由表面划分为492个单元,1732个节点。对于自由表面远场边界,选取一倍波长r1-r0=λ作为人工阻尼消波区,用来吸收反射波。时间步长取为△t=T/500,每个算例模拟30个周期。
本文通过数值与试验结果对比,确定了OWC气室的二次气动系数μair(方程(20))和阻尼修正系数μart(方程(19)和(21))分别为μair=1.443和μart=0.03。图5给出了OWC波能装置气室气压和波面的实验和数值时间历程的对比结果。从图中可看出,试验与数值结果对比良好,验证了该数值模型的准确性。
值得一提的是,本文所建立的二阶时域高阶边界元方法,可通过与原型实测值或者实尺度CFD(计算流体力学)模拟结果进行对比,选定/修正二次气动系数μair和阻尼修正系数μart,从而开展实尺度OWC波能装置水动力性能研究。然而,数值模拟的主要目的是利用试验结果验证数值模型的正确性和准确性。为了解读和分析的方便,本文仅开展试验室尺度模拟,即数值水槽设置与试验设置保持一致。流体粘性耗散和空气可压缩性等引起的比尺效应(气动和人工阻尼系数模型比尺和实尺度间的换算关系)不在本文的研究范围内。
本章将采用验证了的二阶时域高阶边界元模型对双OWC阵列装置的波能俘获性能进行模拟研究。考虑入射方向β=0°和90°波浪的作用,分别分析三种情况下装置的不同间距L对双OWC阵列模型气室气压、气室波面以及相对俘获宽度的影响规律。如上所述,数值模拟中选取双OWC波能装置的几何尺寸与上一章试验模型相同,即气室墙厚度bw=0.1 m,圆形OWC装置外径D=0.8 m和气室吃水d=0.3 m。数值模拟水深为h=1.0 m,入射波浪周期范围为1.0≤kh≤3.0(1.16≤T≤2.3)。
本节中,将分析波浪入射方向β=0°时,装置不同间距(L/D=1.5,2.0,2.5和4.0)对双OWC阵列模型水动力性能的影响规律。图6图7图8分别给出了装置间距对OWC1(背浪侧)和OWC2(迎浪侧)气室气压幅值△PairOWC=(pa(crest)-pa(trough))/2、气室波面幅值△ηaOWC=(ηa(crest)-ηa(trough))/2以及相对俘获宽度ξ的影响。根据文献[22]建议,本研究认为OWC波能装置的相对俘获宽度为ξ≥0.2时有效,即以此作为有效频带宽度(ξ≥0.2的入射波周期范围)的选取/计算基准,如图8中水平点划线所示。为了对比分析,图中同时给出了单个离岸静态的OWC波能装置的水动力性能随kh的变化。值得一提的是,有效频带宽度是描述波能装置性能的一个重要参数,可根据不同场景选定不同的参考值进行计算。因此,当用于评估环境和装置几何参数等对装置相对波能俘获宽度的影响时,本文选取0.2作为有效频带宽度的评选标准,不会对分析结果造成影响。
从图中可以观察到,OWC波能装置的气室内气压、气室内波面以及相对俘获宽度呈现相似的变化趋势,即随着kh的增大呈现先增大、后减小的规律。与背浪侧装置(OWC1)相比,装置间距L对迎浪侧装置(OWC2)气室的共振频率、有效频带宽度以及峰值相对俘获宽度均产生了较大的影响。单个OWC波能装置的气室共振频率为kh=2.2,而对于阵列装置,迎浪侧装置的气室共振频率会在kh=2.2附近发生偏移,且偏移方向和程度受装置间距影响显著。当入射波浪与装置相互作用时会产生绕射波浪,不同装置诱发的绕射波浪间及其与入射波浪间会产生相互作用,即阵列间存在复杂的水动力干涉作用。当装置阵列产生的绕射波浪与入射波浪的相位相同时,来自背浪侧装置的散射波浪峰值与入射波浪峰值叠加,可捕获波能增加,从而使得相对俘获宽度增加,具体参见下文图1011中关于局部波浪场分布的讨论。而散射/绕射波浪的相位与入射波浪周期、装置间距等均密切相关,因此,当装置间距不同时,共振频率的偏移方向和程度不同,如图8所示。
图8中还可以看出,当间距L/D=2.5时,迎浪侧装置的峰值有效俘获宽度在kh=2.2处达到最大值ξmax OWC2=0.894。与单个孤立装置相比(ξmax isolated=0.575),其最大相对俘获宽度增加了55.5%。如上所述,这是由于迎浪侧装置同时受到入射波浪和来自背浪侧装置诱发的散射波浪的叠加作用,增强了迎浪侧装置气室内波面的振动幅度,从而提高了其波能俘获能力。然而,当装置间距减少至L/D=1.5时,迎浪侧装置的有效俘获宽度在中间和高频区域(kh≥1.75)显著降低,并且有效频带宽度较单个装置降低了14.9%。这是由于来自背浪侧装置的散射波浪的波谷与入射波浪的波峰同时作用于迎浪侧装置,导致了OWC气室波面振动幅值的降低,具体参见下文图10图11关于局部波浪场分布的讨论。同时,从图8(a)中可以观察到,背浪侧装置的有效频带宽度虽然有所减小,但由于阵列装置间存在多重绕射的影响,迎浪侧装置在中间频域1.75≤kh≤2.25的范围内有所增加,最大增幅为17.6%(kh=2.2)。
为了进一步评估双OWC阵列模型对波能俘获能力的影响,图9展示了双OWC波能装置阵列的平均相对俘获宽度ξa=(ξOWC1+ξOWC2)/2与单个装置之间的对比结果。从图中可以观察到,当装置间距为L/D=2.5时,阵列装置整体的波能俘获能力得到了最大的提升,尤其是在低频和中间频域的波浪(kh≤2.3)上表现出明显的增加。
如前所述,为了进一步分析OWC波能装置周围波浪场的分布情况,图10图11给出了装置间距分别为L/D=1.5和2.5时,OWC1和OWC2的气室波面达到最大值时的波浪场的二维云图。如图10所示,OWC1和OWC2波能装置的气室平均波面分别在t=1.35T和0.99T时达到最大值。当迎浪侧OWC2气室波面达到最大值时,来自背浪侧装置的散射波浪波峰作用于阵列装置间隙中,而OWC1气室则处于散射波浪谷值区域,从而导致迎浪侧装置相对俘获宽度降低。从图11中可以看出,阵列装置间隙波面由于OWC1装置的散射波浪谷值作用区域平缓,而迎浪侧OWC2装置波面则由于入射和散射波浪叠加作用产生了较大的波面,从而提高了迎浪侧装置的有效频带宽度。同时,从图中也可以观察到迎浪侧装置OWC2附近的波面运动幅值大于背浪侧装置OWC1,这导致背浪侧装置OWC1的相对俘获宽度低于迎浪侧装置OWC2。
图12展示了在入射方向为β=90°时,装置间距对OWC1气室内气压、波面和相对俘获宽度的影响。由于OWC1和OWC2波能装置此时在空间上关于y轴对称(坐标系参见图1),两个装置的水动力性能相同,因此图中只展示了OWC1的水动力性能。从图中可以观察到,由于装置间的多重绕射影响,OWC波能装置的气室气压、波面和相对俘获宽度都有显著增加。当装置间距L/D=1.5时,在kh=2.2的波浪作用下,OWC波能装置的最大相对俘获宽度ξmax OWC=0.93,相比单个装置增加了61.7%。装置间距减小时,阵列装置之间的多重绕射作用增强,绕射波浪能够增加OWC气室波面的振动幅值,从而提高阵列装置的波能俘获能力。然而,当装置间距增加至L/D=4.0时,装置间距较大,阵列装置之间的多重绕射影响减弱,对于提升波能俘获能力的影响不显著。此外,从图12(c)还可以看出,OWC波能装置的有效频带宽度随装置间距的减小而增大,相对于单个OWC波能装置,最大有效频带宽度增加了24.5%。因此,合理的阵列化布置可以在很大程度上提高OWC波能装置的波能俘获能力。
图13展示了装置间距L/D=1.5时,OWC波能装置气室平均波面达到最大值时波浪场的分布情况。图中,波浪kh=2.2,及t=10.2T。从图中可以观察到,双OWC波能装置集成平台对入射波浪产生反射作用,导致平台迎浪侧的波面波动较大,而背浪侧的波面波动相对平稳。
本文研究中,针对双OWC阵列波能装置的波能俘获性能,采用二阶时域高阶边界元模型对阵列装置的气室气压、气室波面以及有效俘获宽度展开了模拟研究。为验证数值模型的准确性,开展了单个OWC波能装置的物理模型试验,并与数值结果进行了对比验证,两者吻合良好。
数值模拟研究发现,阵列装置间的多重绕射效应对于提升OWC波能装置的波能俘获能力具有积极作用。当入射波浪方向β=0°和90°时,装置间距的减小可以显著增加装置的峰值相对俘获宽度。具体而言,当入射波浪方向β=0°时,最优的装置间距L/D=2.5,装置的峰值相对俘获宽度可达0.894,相对于单个孤立装置增加了55.5%(ξ ≥ 0.2)。当入射波浪方向β=90°时,装置间的多重绕射效应随间距的减小而增强,进一步提高了波能俘获能力。在这种情况下,装置间距L/D=1.5时,装置的峰值相对俘获宽度可达0.93,相对于单个装置增加了61.7%(ξ ≥ 0.2)。
  • 南方电网电力科技股份有限公司预研项目(NYJS2020KJ005-23)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2019 YFB1504400)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52301313)
  • 海岸及近海工程国家重点实验室项目(SL2304)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.04.007
  • 接收时间:2024-10-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-22
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南方电网电力科技股份有限公司预研项目(NYJS2020KJ005-23)
国家重点研发计划项目(2019 YFB1504400)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52301313)
海岸及近海工程国家重点实验室项目(SL2304)
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    1.南方电网电力科技股份有限公司,广州 510080
    2.大连理工大学 海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024

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