Article(id=1243306171650655127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243306166663622912, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.04.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729526400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774356890832, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1745078400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774356890832, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774356890832, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774356890832, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243306166663622912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='4', pageStart='517', pageEnd='679', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774356889644, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774357043129, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243306810493485479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243306166663622912, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243306810493485480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243306166663622912, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=656, endPage=668, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243306171944256415, articleId=1243306171650655127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Control of low-frequency broadband excitation and induced sound radiation of ship thrusters, columnId=1241023038381158513, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The control of low-frequency broadband excitation and acoustic radiation of ship thrusters is of great significance for the acoustic stealth performance of ship. The control of low-frequency broadband excitation and induced sound radiation in a combination thruster with a front stator was investigated in this paper. Starting from the theoretical prediction model of low-frequency broadband excitation for rotors, the influence of parameters such as flow field, geometry, and operating conditions on the broadband force of rotors was systematically calculated and analyzed. Three directions to control the broadband excitation of rotors were proposed: (1) improving the distribution of turbulent flow fields to make them as uniform as possible; (2) improving the geometric design of the rotor to reduce the pulsating load component;(3) improving the matching design of various components of the thruster and reducing the rotational speed at the same speed of ship. Based on several research achievements, control research was conducted on the low-frequency broadband force and sound radiation of the rotor of a combined thruster. It is concluded that the optimization of the hydrodynamic shape of the stern appendage and the optimization of rotor geometric parameters combined with the efficiency enhancement design of the duct and stator can control the low-frequency broadband force and sound radiation of the rotor to a certain degree, and that the optimization scheme reduces the peak and integral values of the low-frequency broadband noise of the rotor by about 3 dB. The research can provide certain reference for the control of low-frequency broadband force and induced sound radiation of ship thrusters.

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船舶推进器低频宽带激励及其声辐射的控制对其声隐身性能具有重要意义,本文对带前置定子的组合推进器低频宽带激励及其诱导的声辐射进行控制研究。从转子低频宽带激励理论预报模型出发,对转子宽带力受流场、几何以及工况等参数影响的规律进行系统的计算分析,提出转子宽带激励控制的三个方向:(1)改善湍流场,使之尽可能分布均匀;(2)改进转子几何设计,减小脉动载荷分量;(3)改进推进器各部件匹配设计,在相同的航速下降低转速。结合几方面研究成果,对组合推进器转子低频宽带力及其声辐射进行控制研究。研究结果显示,艇尾附体水动力外形优化、转子几何参数优选结合导管定子的增效设计,对转子低频宽带力及其声辐射的控制有一定效果,优化方案使转子低频宽带噪声峰值及积分值均下降3 dB左右。本研究可为船舶推进器低频宽带力及其诱导声辐射的控制提供一定参考价值。

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熊紫英(1980-),女,研究员

王磊(1988-),男,高级工程师。

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Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2021, 494:1-25., articleTitle=Numerical investigation of leading edge noise reduction on a rod-airfoil configuration using porous materials and serrations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243306199832183484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306171650655127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=255, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Xiong Z Y, Rui W, Lu L Z, journalName=Ocean Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiong Z Y, Rui W, Lu L Z, et al. Experimental investigation of broadband thrust and loading noise from pump-jet due to turbulence ingestion[J]. 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figureFileBig=S6jgA5IgJ7vYSjKVYTcwxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243306191930114577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306171650655127, language=EN, label=Fig.21, caption=Comparison of low-frequency broadband forces and noises of combined thruster before and after optimization (Vm=3.09 m/s), figureFileSmall=pL2U5NjiT9qc7WNC8XKs/Q==, figureFileBig=2hO/28aq2MIHQgawWmk8TQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243306192014000662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306171650655127, language=CN, label=图21, caption=优化前后组合推进器低频宽带脉动力及噪声对比(Vm=3.09 m/s), figureFileSmall=pL2U5NjiT9qc7WNC8XKs/Q==, figureFileBig=2hO/28aq2MIHQgawWmk8TQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243306192127246874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306171650655127, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Calculation schemes with variable parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变参数名称参数减小方案原方案参数增大方案
直径/mm165200250
叶数9711
0.7r螺距比1.091.211.45
盘面比0.740.921.10
), ArticleFig(id=1243306193666556447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306171650655127, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变参数系列计算方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变参数名称参数减小方案原方案参数增大方案
直径/mm165200250
叶数9711
0.7r螺距比1.091.211.45
盘面比0.740.921.10
), ArticleFig(id=1243306193783996963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306171650655127, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of optimized and original parameters for combined thruster rotor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案原方案F0优化方案F1优化方案F2
直径Dm/mm208208208
盘面比Ae/A01.201.100.93
螺距比(P/D0.7r2.4942.6582.757
等负荷工作点进速系数Js1.6451.8911.728
), ArticleFig(id=1243306193876271655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306171650655127, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

组合推进器转子优化设计方案与原方案参数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案原方案F0优化方案F1优化方案F2
直径Dm/mm208208208
盘面比Ae/A01.201.100.93
螺距比(P/D0.7r2.4942.6582.757
等负荷工作点进速系数Js1.6451.8911.728
), ArticleFig(id=1243306193985323561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306171650655127, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Flow field calculating scheme for different tail appendages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案方案1原始方案ori方案2
不同高度a1(0.75HHa3(1.25H
不同弦长b1(0.75CCb3(1.25C
不同尾附体与转子盘面距离e2(1.25LLe3(1.5L
), ArticleFig(id=1243306194069209644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306171650655127, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同尾附体流动计算方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案方案1原始方案ori方案2
不同高度a1(0.75HHa3(1.25H
不同弦长b1(0.75CCb3(1.25C
不同尾附体与转子盘面距离e2(1.25LLe3(1.5L
), ArticleFig(id=1243306194190844463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306171650655127, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison of characteristic values of broadband excitation forces and induced sound radiation before and after optimization

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验水速/(m·s−1方案峰值积分值(以峰值频率为中心,120 Hz带宽范围)
宽带力/N宽带噪声/dB宽带力/N宽带噪声/dB
2.57原方案F00.19875.11.25690.6
优化方案F10.14170.90.98587.6
优化方案F20.15370.51.01087.7
3.09原方案F00.29479.51.65494.4
优化方案F10.22876.71.33091.7
优化方案F20.19474.71.35991.7
), ArticleFig(id=1243306194262147633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306171650655127, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

优化前后宽带激励力及其诱导声辐射特征值对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验水速/(m·s−1方案峰值积分值(以峰值频率为中心,120 Hz带宽范围)
宽带力/N宽带噪声/dB宽带力/N宽带噪声/dB
2.57原方案F00.19875.11.25690.6
优化方案F10.14170.90.98587.6
优化方案F20.15370.51.01087.7
3.09原方案F00.29479.51.65494.4
优化方案F10.22876.71.33091.7
优化方案F20.19474.71.35991.7
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船舶推进器低频宽带激励及其诱导声辐射的控制研究
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熊紫英 1, 2 , 王磊 1, 2 , 张国平 1, 2
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025,29(4): 656-668
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船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025, 29(4): 656-668
船舶推进器低频宽带激励及其诱导声辐射的控制研究
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熊紫英1, 2, 王磊1, 2, 张国平1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 2.船舶振动噪声重点实验室,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 熊紫英(1980-),女,研究员

    王磊(1988-),男,高级工程师。

Control of low-frequency broadband excitation and induced sound radiation of ship thrusters
Zi-ying XIONG1, 2, Lei WANG1, 2, Guo-ping ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
  • 2.National Key Laboratory on Ship Vibration & Noise, Wuxi 214082, China
出版时间: 2025-04-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.04.013
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船舶推进器低频宽带激励及其声辐射的控制对其声隐身性能具有重要意义,本文对带前置定子的组合推进器低频宽带激励及其诱导的声辐射进行控制研究。从转子低频宽带激励理论预报模型出发,对转子宽带力受流场、几何以及工况等参数影响的规律进行系统的计算分析,提出转子宽带激励控制的三个方向:(1)改善湍流场,使之尽可能分布均匀;(2)改进转子几何设计,减小脉动载荷分量;(3)改进推进器各部件匹配设计,在相同的航速下降低转速。结合几方面研究成果,对组合推进器转子低频宽带力及其声辐射进行控制研究。研究结果显示,艇尾附体水动力外形优化、转子几何参数优选结合导管定子的增效设计,对转子低频宽带力及其声辐射的控制有一定效果,优化方案使转子低频宽带噪声峰值及积分值均下降3 dB左右。本研究可为船舶推进器低频宽带力及其诱导声辐射的控制提供一定参考价值。

船舶推进器  /  低频宽带激励  /  声辐射  /  控制

The control of low-frequency broadband excitation and acoustic radiation of ship thrusters is of great significance for the acoustic stealth performance of ship. The control of low-frequency broadband excitation and induced sound radiation in a combination thruster with a front stator was investigated in this paper. Starting from the theoretical prediction model of low-frequency broadband excitation for rotors, the influence of parameters such as flow field, geometry, and operating conditions on the broadband force of rotors was systematically calculated and analyzed. Three directions to control the broadband excitation of rotors were proposed: (1) improving the distribution of turbulent flow fields to make them as uniform as possible; (2) improving the geometric design of the rotor to reduce the pulsating load component;(3) improving the matching design of various components of the thruster and reducing the rotational speed at the same speed of ship. Based on several research achievements, control research was conducted on the low-frequency broadband force and sound radiation of the rotor of a combined thruster. It is concluded that the optimization of the hydrodynamic shape of the stern appendage and the optimization of rotor geometric parameters combined with the efficiency enhancement design of the duct and stator can control the low-frequency broadband force and sound radiation of the rotor to a certain degree, and that the optimization scheme reduces the peak and integral values of the low-frequency broadband noise of the rotor by about 3 dB. The research can provide certain reference for the control of low-frequency broadband force and induced sound radiation of ship thrusters.

ship thruster  /  low-frequency broadband excitation  /  sound radiation  /  control
熊紫英, 王磊, 张国平. 船舶推进器低频宽带激励及其诱导声辐射的控制研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (4) : 656 -668 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.04.013
Zi-ying XIONG, Lei WANG, Guo-ping ZHANG. Control of low-frequency broadband excitation and induced sound radiation of ship thrusters[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (4) : 656 -668 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.04.013
推进器的低频宽带激励是引起水下航行体低频辐射噪声的重要原因。根据形成机理和频谱特征,推进器低频宽带激励主要是由随机湍流和转子叶片导边相互作用引起的,它会在较宽的低频范围内产生高辐射噪声,而且还会通过轴系传递到艇体,引起艇体尾部耦合振动,有时这种尾振会造成极其不良的后果,因此,降低转子低频宽带激励及其诱导的声辐射就显得尤为重要。
对推进器低频宽带激励及其声辐射的研究由来已久,早期研究主要集中在理论预报方面。目前,应用最广泛的预报旋转机械低频宽带激励及其声辐射的方法主要还是基于薄翼理论的谱方法,其基本思想是利用湍流波数谱和响应函数模型,得到湍流摄入引起的转子低频宽带脉动力谱,再根据声学模型计算得到噪声(Amiet[1],1975;Wojno[2-3],2002;熊紫英[4],2014)。后来许多学者在理论预报模型上做了一些改进,如考虑机翼有厚度及声源非紧致情况(Blake[5],2017)、不同响应函数的适用情况(Wei[6],2019)、大侧斜螺旋桨叶片振动情况(Tong[7],2021)等。理论预报方法的验证也在逐步发展中,早期用于验证的试验数据主要来自美国宾夕法尼亚州大学空泡水筒中10叶转子低频宽带激励力试验(Sevik[8-9],1970,1974),后来许多学者对该模型进行了预报验证(Jiang[10],1991;Paul[11],2012;Anderson[12],2015)。近期国内研究成果中,中国船舶科学研究中心自研形成了推进器模型低频宽带激励力的试验能力,针对模拟网格后螺旋桨开展了轴向低频宽带激励力的测量(熊紫英[13],2021),分析了频谱特征,为推进器转子低频宽带激励理论预报模型提供了更多的校验数据。
然而,对推进器低频宽带激励来说,不管是理论预报方法,还是试验测量技术,都只是研究手段,最终目的是要实现推进器低频宽带激励及其噪声的控制。推进器低频噪声的控制分为主动和被动两种方式,主动控制方式(李正凯[14],2021;杨雨浓[15],2022)主要是通过分析水下航行器推进器噪声源声场,确定需控制的频率范围,将换能器和水声信号传感器按确定数量和位置布置于水下航行器艉部,主要用于控制推进器线谱噪声;而被动控制方式则主要根据其形成机理,从流动控制和推进器叶片优化两个方面着手。流动控制方面,有不少学者针对指挥台围壳线型优化做了研究工作,通过计算不同水平位置、高度及外形下的潜艇指挥台围壳,得到指挥台围壳对其后方流场及螺旋桨盘面处伴流场的影响,综合比较得到最优的围壳设计方案(吕鸣鹤[16],2014;盛立[17],2016),但其研究未涉及指挥台围壳对螺旋桨盘面处湍流场的影响。在推进器几何参数优化设计方面,以往的研究主要集中在推进器转子的随机宽带激励随部分参数的影响规律分析上,通常的方法是采用基于薄翼理论的谱方法,对螺旋桨随机宽带激励随速度、流场等特征参数变化规律进行计算[18-23],据此提出转子随机宽带激励控制措施的方向。但这些研究通常较为零散,且仅仅限于提出控制方向,并未真正实施。此外,有部分研究从转子随边几何形状出发,将转子随边设计成多孔透气形状(Teruna[24],2021;Syamir[25],2020),以此达到降低随边声辐射的目的;也有研究者考虑采用转子随边锯齿形状(Matthieu[26],2021;Kholodov[27],2021)来降低随边噪声。而转子湍流摄入导边噪声控制方面,也有学者将导边设计成锯齿形状(Ayton[28],2019;Teruna[29],2021),以此实现降低湍流摄入噪声的目的。转子导随边的特殊设计在某些情况下对降低声辐射有一定的作用,但也带来推力下降、空泡性能变差等工程问题,难以实用。
本文在前阶段泵喷推进器转子低频宽带激励预报和验证的基础上(Xiong等[30],2022),进一步对带前置定子的组合推进器转子低频宽带激励及其诱导的声辐射控制方法进行研究。文章从转子低频宽带激励理论预报模型出发,从流场、几何以及工况参数出发开展系统的参数影响规律计算分析,提出转子宽带激励控制的几个方向,最后针对某组合推进器转子模型开展控制措施的实施和效果的验证。研究成果对船舶推进器低频宽带激励及其诱导声辐射的控制具有重要的参考意义。
来流中湍流速度起伏与转子导边的相互作用造成攻角起伏,是引起推进器转子低频宽带激励及其噪声的主要原因。推进器转子低频宽带激励及其噪声预报通常采用谱方法,其基本思想是:流场满足泰勒假设,来流均匀且各向同性,按叶梢圆周速度形成的马赫数微小,来流脉动速度微小。由非定常薄翼理论,利用响应函数可求出由尾流中湍流脉动速度引起的转子某个叶片微元半径上的不定常升力,考虑叶片叠加和积分后,可得到转子叶片脉动力谱。其推导过程见参考文献[4],下面直接写出转子宽带脉动力谱表达式:
式中,Φ22kω)为湍流波数谱。目前船舶推进器低频宽带激励预报常使用Liepmann谱模型,其表达式为
式中,k为波矢量向量,为转子盘面处速度脉动的均方值;Λ为纵向湍流积分尺度。
为流体动力响应函数。由于船舶推进器运转时Mach数很小,选用较常使用的Sears函数。Sears函数最初由Sears研究二维薄翼在非均匀流场中运动时产生的非定常升力得到,其表达式可写成:
式中,ω为角频率;C为弦长;U是前方来流速度;JνKν均为贝赛尔函数。
Gsk12b)为滤波函数,其表达式为
式中,b=2πr/BB表示叶片数;k12=k1cosϕ+k2sinϕϕ表示螺距角。
由湍流和转子叶片互作用产生的是低频宽带噪声,由偶极子辐射理论,远场声压表达式与宽带力的关系为
式中,r0为观测者到声源之间的距离。
利用上式可求出声压功率谱密度函数与脉动力谱的关系,进而可得到湍流和转子叶片相互作用引起的低频远场声压功率谱密度函数为
从式(1)可以看出,脉动力谱的大小与三方面参数相关:一是转子几何参数,包括转子叶片数B、转子叶片半径rT、弦长C(盘面比)、叶片螺距角ϕ等;二是湍流流场参数,包括湍流度ε、湍流相关长度Λ;三是运行工况参数,包括前方来流速度U、推进器转速。根据式(1),将湍流波数谱、Sears响应函数等代入脉动力谱,即可将其脉动力谱求解出来,再利用偶极子辐射理论即可求解出由湍流脉动与转子相互作用引起的低频宽带噪声。组合推进器的定子、导管也会和湍流场相互作用产生低频宽带噪声,经理论分析,定子、导管的低频宽带噪声一般比转子引起的噪声级低10 dB以上,可不计入。
按照推进器激励力产生的物理原因及上述理论模型,减小转子诱导低频宽带激励力的方法基本上可分为三大类:(a)改善湍流场分布,使之尽可能均匀;(b)改进转子几何设计,从而减小脉动载荷分量;(c)改进推进器各部件匹配设计,在相同的航速下降低转子转速。为此,从这三个方面出发针对组合推进器转子开展低频宽带激励及其声辐射的影响参数分析,并根据分析结果进行推进器宽带激励的控制研究与验证。
几何参数是影响转子低频宽带激励的重要参数,合理选择几何参数可使其宽带激励大大降低。根据理论模型分析,影响转子宽带激励的参数主要有转子直径、叶片数、盘面比和螺距比,为此开展转子几何参数的影响分析。以原方案为基础,形成变直径的两个方案、变叶数的两个方案、变0.7r螺距的两个方案、变盘面比的两个方案,加上原方案共9个方案,如表1所示。在研究某一参数变化规律时,保持其他参数尽量不变的前提下,保证其推进性能基本相当。其中变直径参数时,为保证推进性能相当,三个不同直径方案的转速进行了适配工况的调整。
计算结果绘于图1~4。计算结果表明,转子低频宽带力及其噪声随直径、盘面比的增加而增加,随螺距、桨叶数增加而减小。因此,要减小转子的低频宽带力,应尽量降低转子的直径、盘面比,增加转子的螺距和叶片数。综合考虑而言,直径和盘面比是对宽带力及其噪声影响最为明显的参数,需要加以重点控制。同时必须注意,推进器几何参数害还需要综合考虑中高频噪声、推进效率、空泡等性能的权衡。
航速和转子转速也是影响推进器宽带激励及其声辐射的重要因素,为此开展了工况参数的影响规律分析。在转速单独微调、水速单独微调、水速转速同时调整(进速系数不变)三种情况下分别进行了计算,计算结果绘于图5~7。结果表明,转子低频宽带力及其声辐射均随水速和转速的增加而增加,尤其是水速、转速同时增加时,宽带力和声辐射均明显增加。因此,在组合推进器方案设计过程中,如何通过导管-转子-定子的匹配优化,使得在同样的航速下转子转速尽量降低,这对降低推进器转子的低频宽带激励及声辐射也有重要的意义。
根据上述分析,针对某船后组合推进器开展推进器几何参数优化设计研究,目的是减小低频宽带力及其噪声。根据2.1节分析可得,要减小转子的低频宽带力,应尽量降低转子的直径、盘面比,增加转子的螺距和叶片数。因此,在组合推进器原方案的基础上,通过减小转子盘面比、增加螺距的方法,来降低其低频宽带力,直径和叶数从总体性能的角度考虑没有改变;同时,通过导管、定子的增效匹配设计,在达到相同推进性能的前提下,进一步降低转子转速,从而降低其低频宽带激励和声辐射。在同时考虑其他综合性能权衡的基础上,在原方案基础上形成了两套组合推进器的优化设计方案,两套优化方案的导管、定子相同,仅转子不同。优化设计方案部分参数与原方案的对比见表2
根据理论模型,组合推进器转子低频宽带力及其声辐射主要影响参数为转子盘面处的湍流度和湍流积分长度,为此开展了计算分析。在船后湍流场特征参数典型变化范围内,变化系列湍流度和湍流积分长度,开展转子模型低频宽带激励及其声辐射的计算,结果绘于图8~11,图中纵坐标为宽带力及其噪声在频带内的值,下面图形中含义相同。计算结果表明:在典型参数变化范围内,转子低频宽带力及其声辐射随湍流度的增加而增加,随湍流积分长度的增加而减小;两者相对而言,湍流度的影响更为显著。因此降低船后流场的湍流度,是减小转子低频宽带力及其声辐射更为有效的措施。
针对与2.3节组合推进器匹配的某船开展了船尾附体优化控制措施研究,主要目的是对船尾附体水动力外形进行优化以降低湍流度。针对该船尾附体,开展了变附体高度、弦长以及尾附体与转子盘面距离等系列流动计算,通过不同方案的流动计算,获取了对控制湍流场有利的尾附体水动力外形。表3给出了不同尾附体流动计算方案,图12~14给出了不同流动计算方案得到的湍流度对比图形。结果表明,适当降低尾附体高度、增加弦长、增加转子盘面距尾附体后缘的距离可降低转子盘面处湍流度。同时,尾附体的外形选择还需考虑总体布置以及操纵性等其他性能的权衡。根据计算结果趋势,将尾附体弦长加大了30%左右,高度减少了10%左右,保持尾附体中心纵向位置基本不变,完成了船尾附体水动力外形的优化设计,形成了优化尾翼方案。同时,对优化尾附体方案开展了操纵性能的校核计算,满足规范要求。
完成组合推进器几何优化和尾附体优化后,加工了优化前后模型,在大型循环水槽试验室利用2D-PIV系统完成了转子盘面处的湍流场测量。试验针对两个方案进行,其中方案1为艇体+优化前附体+优化前导管定子,方案2为艇体+优化后附体+优化后导管定子。大型循环水槽试验段照片见图15,PIV流动测量方案总体布置示意图见图16。激光器采用NewWave SoloX200固体脉冲激光器,最大脉冲能量为2×200 mJ/pulse,最大脉冲重复率为15 Hz;CCD相机采用TSI PowerView4M-HS(2k×2k像素)。测量过程中,激光器安装于循环水槽模型安装架的移动架上,激光通过导光臂进入水下密封体,经片光镜组展开成竖直方向的片光源,自后向前从导管出口照明导管内部区域;相机布置在模型指挥台一侧的循环水槽观测窗外,透过导管对导管内部片光照明区域进行拍摄。图17为测量得到的优化方案导管中剖面上典型瞬时像素位移矢量场。试验结果经分析后得到导管内部、定子后方湍流度和湍流积分长度,结果绘于图18-19。结果表明,优化后湍流积分长度相差不大,湍流度有所降低,与预期一致,证实了流场优化效果。
进一步,在大型循环水槽中利用非定常动力仪完成了优化前后(原方案F0为艇体+优化前附体+优化前泵喷,优化方案F1、F2为艇体+优化后附体+优化后泵喷,其中F1、F2仅转子不同)组合推进器转子低频宽带激励力的测量。优化前后组合推进器低频宽带脉动力及噪声对比绘于图20-21表4给出了优化前后转子宽带激励力及其诱导声辐射的特征值对比。由测量结果分析可得,优化方案F1、F2相对原方案F0转子低频宽带力及其诱导噪声均有了明显的降低,宽带噪声峰值最低下降2.8 dB,以峰值频率为中心,120 Hz带宽范围内的积分值最低下降2.9 dB。转子宽带激励及其声辐射的降低是尾附体水动力外形优化、转子几何参数优选以及导管定子的增效设计几方面共同作用的效果。
本文对组合推进器转子低频宽带激励及其诱导声辐射的控制进行了研究。研究从转子宽带激励及其声辐射预报模型出发,提出了减小转子宽带激励的方法,完成了转子低频宽带激励及其诱导声辐射的参数影响分析,提出了控制措施,并针对某组合推进器案例开展了控制措施的实施和效果的验证。研究可得到以下结论:
(1)通过组合推进器转子低频宽带激励及其声辐射的理论模型和参数影响分析可知,减小转子低频宽带激振及其诱导声辐射的方法可分为三大类:一是改善湍流场分布,降低流场的湍流度,增加湍流积分长度,可从优化船体尾部形状以及指挥台围壳和尾附体水动力外形出发;二是改进转子几何设计,从而减小脉动载荷分量。可从转子直径、叶片数、盘面比、螺距等参数优选出发,在权衡其他性能的基础上,减小直径、盘面比,增加螺距、叶片数等是有利的;三是改进推进器各部件匹配设计,在相同的航速下尽量降低转子转速。
(2)结合几方面研究成果,对某组合推进器转子低频宽带力及其声辐射进行了控制研究。船尾附体水动力外形优化、转子几何参数优选结合导管定子的增效设计,使转子低频宽带力及其声辐射的控制有一定效果,优化方案组合推进器转子低频宽带噪声峰值及积分值均下降3 dB左右。
本研究可为推进器低频宽带力及其诱导声辐射的控制提供一定参考价值。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(91852201)
  • 基础加强计划项目(2022-JCJQ-ZD-113-00)
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2025年第29卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.04.013
  • 接收时间:2024-10-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-22
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(91852201)
基础加强计划项目(2022-JCJQ-ZD-113-00)
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    1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
    2.船舶振动噪声重点实验室,江苏 无锡 214082
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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