Article(id=1243306064989504492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243306060832944396, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.03.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726588800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774356865402, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1742400000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774356865402, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774356865402, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774356865402, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243306060832944396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='3', pageStart='337', pageEnd='516', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774356864412, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774357001622, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243306636396310539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243306060832944396, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243306636396310540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243306060832944396, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=363, endPage=373, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243306065304077302, articleId=1243306064989504492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Analysis of the dynamic response of floating structures in island topography, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the SPH numerical simulation method, this paper presents an analysis of the wave variation of regular and irregular waves propagating along an inshore island reef with a floating structure, and the dynamic response of a tethered floating structure under the island reef topography, respectively. The results show that the floating structure attenuates irregular waves better than regular waves when a tethered floating structure is installed in front of the shore reef, and changes in wave height have little effect on the attenuation of floating structure wave height. However, changes in wave period have a greater impact on the attenuation effect of the floating structure, and the floating structure is less effective in attenuating the wave height of long-period waves. The maximum vertical displacement, maximum longitudinal rocking angle and maximum transverse oscillation values of the floating structure all show an increasing trend with wave height increasing under different regular wave height conditions, with the maximum longitudinal rocking angle being the most sensitive to changes in wave height and the maximum vertical displacement being the least sensitive.

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基于Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)数值模拟方法,本文对在近岸岛礁地形下不同类型波浪传播演化过程的变化情况与系缆式浮式结构动力响应情况进行分析。研究结果表明:当在岛礁前放置系缆式浮体结构时,浮式结构对非规则波的波高衰减效果会优于规则波,且波高的变化对浮式结构波高衰减效果影响不大;波浪周期的变化对浮式结构的消浪效果影响较大,而浮式结构对长周期波浪的波高衰减效果较差;不同规则波波高工况下,浮式结构的最大垂向位移、最大纵摇角度以及最大横荡值随波高的增大均呈现上升的趋势,其中最大纵摇角度对波高变化最为敏感,最大垂向位移最不敏感;不同波周期工况下,浮式结构的最大垂向位移与最大横荡值都随波周期的增大而增大,而最大纵摇角度却会减小。

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通讯作者。E-mail:
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高艳丽(1999-),女,硕士研究生

黄林茜(1996-),女,硕士研究生

涂佳黄(1982-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者。E-mail:

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articleId=1243306064989504492, language=CN, label=图12, caption=系缆式浮体结构动力响应随非规则波周期的变化, figureFileSmall=9WibBp+6SdXpMcje6TIJzQ==, figureFileBig=D85n4r7PmCpsM9al0a/nSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243306078612603481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306064989504492, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Statistic distances between wave height gauges and toe of the reef

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浪高仪编号G1G2G3G4G5G6G7G8G9G10G11G12
距礁面趾距离−4.35−4.10.9522.352.652.953.253.655.256.958.75
), ArticleFig(id=1243306078713266782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306064989504492, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

浪高仪(G1~G12)距礁面趾距离统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浪高仪编号G1G2G3G4G5G6G7G8G9G10G11G12
距礁面趾距离−4.35−4.10.9522.352.652.953.253.655.256.958.75
), ArticleFig(id=1243306078801347169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306064989504492, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Basic wave condition parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
周期T/s波高H/m静水位d/m淹没深度b/m波数k/m−1波长L/m
规则波1.10.10.50.13.062.05
非规则波1.10.10.50.1
), ArticleFig(id=1243306078918787685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306064989504492, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基本波况参数统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
周期T/s波高H/m静水位d/m淹没深度b/m波数k/m−1波长L/m
规则波1.10.10.50.13.062.05
非规则波1.10.10.50.1
), ArticleFig(id=1243306079015256682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306064989504492, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Statistic distances between wave height gauges and toe of the reef

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量点G1G2G3G4G5G6
距礁面趾距离−17.4−2.801.12.17.1
), ArticleFig(id=1243306079111725679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243306064989504492, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

浪高仪(G1~G6)距礁面趾距离统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量点G1G2G3G4G5G6
距礁面趾距离−17.4−2.801.12.17.1
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岛礁地形下浮式结构动力响应分析
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高艳丽 1 , 黄林茜 2 , 涂佳黄 1, 3 , 王贯宇 1 , 黄小凡 4
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025,29(3): 363-373
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025, 29(3): 363-373
岛礁地形下浮式结构动力响应分析
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高艳丽1, 黄林茜2, 涂佳黄1, 3 , 王贯宇1, 黄小凡4
作者信息
  • 1.湘潭大学 土木工程学院,湖南 湘潭 411105
  • 2.中铁建工长沙市规划设计院,长沙 411107
  • 3.佛山大学 交通与土木建筑学院,广东 佛山 528225
  • 4.湖南鼎豪建设有限公司,湖南 益阳 413002
  • 高艳丽(1999-),女,硕士研究生

    黄林茜(1996-),女,硕士研究生

    涂佳黄(1982-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者。E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者。E-mail:
Analysis of the dynamic response of floating structures in island topography
Yan-li GAO1, Lin-xi HUANG2, Jia-huang TU1, 3 , Guan-yu WANG1, Xiao-fan HUANG4
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Civil Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
  • 2.China Railway Construction Engineering Changsha Planning and Design Institute, Changsha 411107, China
  • 3.College of Transport and Civil Architecture, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
  • 4.Hunan Dinghao Construction Co. Ltd., Yiyang 413002, China
出版时间: 2025-03-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.03.003
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基于Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)数值模拟方法,本文对在近岸岛礁地形下不同类型波浪传播演化过程的变化情况与系缆式浮式结构动力响应情况进行分析。研究结果表明:当在岛礁前放置系缆式浮体结构时,浮式结构对非规则波的波高衰减效果会优于规则波,且波高的变化对浮式结构波高衰减效果影响不大;波浪周期的变化对浮式结构的消浪效果影响较大,而浮式结构对长周期波浪的波高衰减效果较差;不同规则波波高工况下,浮式结构的最大垂向位移、最大纵摇角度以及最大横荡值随波高的增大均呈现上升的趋势,其中最大纵摇角度对波高变化最为敏感,最大垂向位移最不敏感;不同波周期工况下,浮式结构的最大垂向位移与最大横荡值都随波周期的增大而增大,而最大纵摇角度却会减小。

岛礁地形  /  SPH方法  /  系缆式浮体结构  /  动力响应  /  波参数

Based on the SPH numerical simulation method, this paper presents an analysis of the wave variation of regular and irregular waves propagating along an inshore island reef with a floating structure, and the dynamic response of a tethered floating structure under the island reef topography, respectively. The results show that the floating structure attenuates irregular waves better than regular waves when a tethered floating structure is installed in front of the shore reef, and changes in wave height have little effect on the attenuation of floating structure wave height. However, changes in wave period have a greater impact on the attenuation effect of the floating structure, and the floating structure is less effective in attenuating the wave height of long-period waves. The maximum vertical displacement, maximum longitudinal rocking angle and maximum transverse oscillation values of the floating structure all show an increasing trend with wave height increasing under different regular wave height conditions, with the maximum longitudinal rocking angle being the most sensitive to changes in wave height and the maximum vertical displacement being the least sensitive.

island topography  /  SPH method  /  tethered floating structure  /  dynamic response  /  wave parameter
高艳丽, 黄林茜, 涂佳黄, 王贯宇, 黄小凡. 岛礁地形下浮式结构动力响应分析. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (3) : 363 -373 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.03.003
Yan-li GAO, Lin-xi HUANG, Jia-huang TU, Guan-yu WANG, Xiao-fan HUANG. Analysis of the dynamic response of floating structures in island topography[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (3) : 363 -373 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.03.003
波浪在浅海岛礁区传播时发生的变形以及相关的水动力学现象极其复杂。大量学者从理论研究、实地观察、物理模型试验以及数值模型等多个方面对岛礁的波动特性进行了研究。Young[1]通过对Yonge礁的区域实地观测,探讨了沿礁坪方向波高衰减的规律,发现其衰减速率与海底摩阻原理和波高破碎衰减理论基本一致,并且观察到波浪在穿越礁坪时存在波能向高频与低频扩散的现象,说明了珊瑚礁附近波浪的绕射和折射是波高衰减的主要原因。一些学者对珊瑚岛礁环境下的增水和波生流进行了物理实验研究:Gourlay[2]发现规则波在珊瑚礁坪上破碎所产生的增水随着礁坪水深的下降而增大;Demirbilek等[3]的试验结果表明,非规则波在沿礁传播过程中会发生波破碎,由此产生大量的波能耗散会削弱入射波波高;Yao等[4]进行了相关的物理模型试验研究,结果表明礁冠的存在对于增水现象的影响较大,并且礁冠处水深的变化对于波浪破碎以及增水影响较大;陈树彬等[5]对规则波作用下珊瑚礁海岸不同位置的波浪和流场特征进行了整体物理模型实验研究,发现增水沿礁坪呈现先增大后减小的趋势;基于一种弱非线性和色散性的Boussinesq方程,Skotner等[6]对规则波的传播变形与增水改变情况进行了研究;Wen等[7]验证了SPH模型对于礁坪上波浪的破碎、增水以及能谱的改变;Wen等[8]采用SPH模型,进一步对珊瑚礁地形上礁坪末端有无直立墙情况下的波面变化、礁坪增水以及能量转移进行了研究;任兴月等[9]在圆形数值波浪水池中进行了斜向波浪的数值模拟实验,结果表明圆形水池有效区域位于水池中部,较传统的矩形水池有效面积显著增大,且几乎不受波浪入射角度和反射波浪的影响;Song等[10]对浮动圆柱体之间的动态特性问题展开了物理实验研究,实验所得的模拟波与浅水理论预测结果吻合较好,当波周期发生变化时,漂浮体结构的运动特性发生较大的改变。除此之外,关于波浪与浮式结构的数值模拟研究也有许多。金哲飞等对锚链系泊单方箱浮式结构的水动力性能进行了研究,结果显示,该模型能够对二维波浪和浮动防波堤进行精确仿真模拟研究;朱仁庆等[11]基于时域下CFD-FEM方法,在三维粘性数值水池中建立了畸形波浪与弹性浮体相互作用的耦合数值模型,浮体结构采用FEM方法进行计算,计算结果表明聚焦波的浪向、聚焦位置和频带宽度对浮板的水弹性响应均有较大影响;嵇春艳[12]基于STAR CCM+软件模拟了规则波与不同锚泊方式的浮式结构的相互作用,通过对浮体结构的冲击荷载和运动响应的分析,发现浮式结构承受冲击最多的是迎浪面,且随着波浪高度的增加、冲击时间的增加而降低;伏耀华等[13]采用台阶近似法(step approximation method,SAM)和二维Rankine源方法(2D Rankine source method,RSM2D)建立了斜坡海底条件下浮体二维水动力数值模型(SAM-RSM2D),开发了对应的软件程序,其中台阶近似法能够求解斜底上的入射波浪速度势,二维Rankine源方法可以考虑绕射问题中波浪-浮体-海底的交互作用,通过对比斜上坡、斜下坡和平底地形条件下的浮体波浪激励力和激励力矩发现,斜上坡和斜下坡对浮体波浪载荷的作用规律有显著差异。
本文采用开源程序DualSPHysics,该程序中的SPH数值模型为微可压缩模型,主要通过对控制域粒子或质点的状态方程求解获取压力值而无需直接求解泊松方程,这一基本操作的实现是基于各个粒子或质点的质量不变、仅密度可变的假设。
(1)动量方程为
式中,为物质导数,v为速度,t为时间,ρ为密度,∇P为压强散度,Γ为耗散项,g为重力加速度。
根据人工粘度方法[11],流体微粒的动量方程表达式为
式中,a、b均表示一个孤立的粒子,mb代表粒子b的质量,PaPb分别代表粒子a、b的压强,ρaρb分别代表粒子a、b的密度,W代表平滑的核函数。粘度项Πab表达式为
式中:是平均声速;rab=ra-rbvab=va-vb以及vara分别表示粒子a的速度与位移;µab=hvab·rab/(r2ab+ηc2),αm是为保证正常的粘滞扩散而引入的校正因子,以保证合适的消散。
从Lo和Shao的有关理论出发,层流粘性应力表达式为
式中,v0=10−6为水的运动粘度。在SPH离散表示法中,将上式代入动量方程中,可得到下式:
(2)连续性方程
在SPH法中,由于颗粒的质量与其相应的密度有一定的变化,因此利用SPH法可以得到相应的质量和连续的方程式。
(3)状态方程
将SPH法中的液体看作是微可压缩流体,利用状态方程建立颗粒密度的关系,并由此可得到流体压强[13]
式中,ρ0=1000 kg/m3为流体表面的相对密度;γc是几何常量,一般取1~7;B的数值大小与液体可压缩度有关,B=c2ρ0c,其中,c为声速,,为了使得流体密度的变化小于1%,满足不可压缩流体的条件,因此,其数值应大于10倍最大流体速度。
(4)时间积分
SPH的积分形式通常依赖于Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)条件、压强项和粘滞扩散项。因此Δt可以按Monaghan[14]等提出的理论进行计算:
式中,Δtf为每单位质量力|fa|的时间步长,Δtcv为考虑克朗数和粘性控制的时间步长,Cs为流体的实际声速。
目前,DualSPHysics中有两种边界处理方法,一种是动态边界条件(dynamic boundary condition,DBC),另一种是周期性边界条件(periodic boundary condition,PBC)。DBC边界条件是由Crespo等[15]提出的,它与固体动力学边界粒子的运动方程是一致的,唯一的区别是,在固态动力学边界上的粒子会保持不动,或只进行预定的运动(例如造浪板和浮动结构),该方法的稳定性依赖于与边界颗粒交互作用的流体微粒的最大瞬间速度。本文将DBC边界条件应用于造波板的上游。同时,采用PBC周期边界条件可以解决边界颗粒周围的数值耗散问题[16],并从PBC特性中求出了该固体颗粒的压力值。
DualSPHysics程序中的消波分为主动式消波以及被动式消波两种。为了消除波浪在传播过程中所产生的反射波的影响以及避免反射波所带来的错误计算结果,本文在所有需要进行消波处理的工况中,采用Active Wave Absorption System(AWAS)主动式吸波方法。主动式吸波方法要根据水动力反馈的反射波的波浪要素控制造波板运动,如何获得反射波的波浪要素是主动吸波式消波的关键技术之一。该方法是在通过造波板产生入射波的同时吸收与造波板相接触的反射波,避免反射波的再反射现象与入射波能量叠加从而造成计算结果偏差。其中,造波板的运动速度表示式为
式中,ω是波浪角频率,Am是造波板产生行进波的振幅,Aam是二次反射波的振幅,φ是相位角。
本文基于文献[17]对规则波在不同岛礁地形上的波浪变形问题进行数值模拟计算,并与试验结果进行对比。本文采用的数值水池尺寸为36 m×0.55 m×0.6 m,水槽末端放置珊瑚礁盘,该珊瑚礁盘由1∶6的礁前斜坡与长9.8 m、高0.35 m的水平礁坪组成。采用推板式造波法,造波板位于距水池前端0.75 m、距礁面趾16.35 m处,取造波板厚度为0.05 m,计算模型示意图如图1所示。水槽初始静水位d=0.45 m,礁坪水深hr=0.1 m,初始入射波高为H=0.095 m。在水槽中共设立12个浪高仪,分别对波浪在水槽中传播时各个特殊点的波浪变形情况进行监测,具体位置如表1所示。为了避免波浪反射,在水池末端采用AWAS主动式吸波方法。由图2中可知,本文计算结果与文献[17]结果吻合良好,验证了本文方法对礁冠处波浪破碎问题求解的准确性与可靠性。
除此之外,本文还对不同粒子间距下SPH模型在不同监测点(G2G3G5G7G9)的表面高程时间曲线与实验值[17]进行了对比。在数值水池中一共设立了十二个监测点(G1~G12),这里选取的5个监测点为岛礁地形中特殊的五个位置,其中G2为外海监测点,波浪传播到此处时并未受到太多岛礁地形影响;G3为礁面斜坡上的点,波浪在此处开始沿坡爬升;G5为礁缘上的点,波浪大多在此处发生破碎;G7为水平礁坪前端监测点;G9为水平礁坪中端监测点。由图3可知,粒子间距为0.02和0.018的模拟计算情况要更加接近于实验值,而粒子间距为0.022时,其模拟计算结果明显较实验值更小,在G5G7波浪变形处的模拟情况更加明显。由于粒子间距为0.02和0.018时计算出来的结果相近,同时考虑到计算机的计算效率,因此本文选用粒子间距0.02进行计算。特殊的是,相比较于G2点、G3点与G9点,模拟结果对于G5G7点的结果略有偏差。这是由于G5G7测量点位于礁前斜坡上,波浪在这两个点产生波浪爬升以及波浪破碎的过程较为复杂,因此会产生一定的误差,但总的行进趋势不会发生改变。
为了进一步验证二维波浪数值水池中SPH方法模拟系缆式浮体结构在波浪作用下的运动受力特性,本文根据文献[18]、[19]中的实验模型,建立了SPH数值模型,并将计算出来的模拟结果与实验值进行了对比。文献中的试验是一个二维实验,图4为该箱型浮式结构计算简图,初始静水位为1 m,设定计算波高为0.1 m,试验中规则波周期设定为1.1 s、1.2 s、1.4 s、1.6 s和1.8 s。水槽正中间放置箱式系缆式浮体结构,浮箱长为0.76 m,宽为0.5 m,高为0.2 m。锚链初始长度为1.6 m,刚度为1.97 kN/m,两条锚链关于结构对称布置,两锚点之间的距离为2.8 m。
本文对浮体在不同周期规则波作用下的浮体动力响应进行了对比,如图5所示,发现SPH数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合良好,两者之间虽有偏差但并不大,造成偏差的原因主要是计算时对弹性系缆索进行了简化。从图5可观察到横荡幅值随周期增大而增大,而规则波波浪周期的改变对垂荡影响变化不大,横摇幅值随周期增大而减小。SPH计算结果与试验数据的误差较小,这表明本文所建立的SPH计算模型能够用于进一步的研究和计算。
基于SPH数值模拟方法,对规则波、非规则波在经过浮式结构后沿岛礁的传播情况,以及岛礁地形下不同波浪与系缆式浮式结构相互作用进行了模拟计算,并对计算结果进行了分析。
本文模型在水槽末端布置珊瑚岛礁,该岛礁由1∶6的礁前斜坡与长9.8 m、高0.35 m的水平礁坪组成,系缆式浮体结构布置在岛礁前1.15 m,两根锚链呈对称性分布,两锚固点之间的距离为2.8 m,其中一端锚链与礁前斜坡底部相连,具体计算模型详见图6。系缆式浮体结构形状为箱型,其尺寸大小为0.76 m×0.5 m×0.2 m(长×宽×高),系缆式浮体结构的相对密度为水密度的一半,质心位置为(0 m,0 m,0.4 m),锚链上下两端分别与水池底部和浮体底部连接,锚链与波浪水池底部锚接,锚链的线刚度为2.31 MPa,锚链直径为3.656×10−3 m,锚链长度l=lmin+0.005 18 m。本文所采用的数值水池尺寸为40 m×0.8 m×0.5 m(长×宽×高),静水深度d=0.5 m,浮体结构中心位于距造波板26.35 m处。本文采用AWAS主动式消波,造波板位于距上游边界0.75 m处,其厚度固定为5倍粒子间距。
基于上述问题,考虑不同波高值(H=0.1~0.18 m)与不同波周期(T=1.1~1.8 s)工况下的规则波与非规则波经过系缆式浮体结构后,沿岛礁的传播变形情况以及岛礁地形下不同波浪与系缆式浮体结构相互作用的动力响应情况。为了方便描述与分析,预定义一个基本波(Wave0)工况,其具体参数详见表2,非规则波是由波数N=1024的线性规则波组成。另外,为了探究不同类型波浪沿岛礁传播变形情况,在数值水池中设立了六个监测点(G1~G6),具体位置如表3所示。
图7给出了规则波沿有系缆式浮式结构的近岸岛礁传播时,不同测量点(G1G2G3G4G5G6)波浪的传播变形情况。当入射波高H=0.1 m,T=1.1 s时,如图7(a)所示,当规则波由G2点传播到G3点处时(G2为浮式结构前监测点,G3为系缆式浮体结构后礁面趾监测点),规则波波浪自由液面下降明显,说明浮式结构对此工况下的规则波影响较大。当消波后的规则波沿岸礁继续传播时,波浪自由液面接近于零,没有出现波浪沿岸礁爬升时在礁缘处的破碎现象。水平岛礁上的各监测点(G5G6)处规则波波形接近于无。当波浪周期T=1.1 s,波高增大至H=0.16 m时,如图7(b)所示,从图中可观察到,波高的增加使得浮式结构前的监测点(G1G2)处规则波波形更加明显。当规则波从G2点传播到G3点处时,系缆式浮式结构对波浪影响较大,从礁面趾G3处开始到沿岸礁传播结束,规则波波形几乎消减于零。当波浪波高H=0.1 m,波周期增大至T=1.6 s时,如图7(c)所示,当规则波沿G2点传播到G3点处时,发现规则波经过浮式结构后在G3点处保留着较明显的波形。相较于T=1.1 s工况,发现浮式结构对长周期波浪阻碍效果较差。规则波在礁前斜坡G4上传播时,由于此时浅化作用波高会变大,波浪在礁缘G5处未出现明显的波浪破碎现象,但较之其他测量点波形呈现前陡后缓的形状。由图7可知,平均水位有所抬升。礁坪上初始淹没程度较小,甚至在未淹没的情况下,波浪会在礁前斜坡上破碎,产生较大的增水。由于浮体结构的作用,未出现明显的波浪破碎现象,但也会使平均水位抬升,其本质上是由礁缘处的漫溢造成的。
图8给出了岛礁环境下系缆式浮体结构动力响应随规则波波高变化的情况。由图8可知,在不同波高的规则波作用下,随着波高的增大,浮体结构的最大垂向位移、最大纵摇角度、最大横荡值均呈现上升趋势。其中最大垂向位移变化幅度最小,最大纵摇角度变化幅度最大。
为了进一步探究波周期对系缆式浮体结构运动的影响,取波高H=0.1 m工况为例。由图9可知,浮体结构的最大横荡位移值随波周期的增大而增大,不同波周期下规则波对系缆式浮体结构最大垂向位移的影响呈现先增后减的变化趋势,对最大纵摇角度的影响则相反。
图10给出了非规则波沿有系缆式浮体结构的近岸岛礁传播时,不同测量点(G1G2G3G4G5G6)波浪的传播变形情况。非规则波在岸礁礁缘处破碎后,波浪波峰会转变成前陡后缓的陡峰状,破碎波在水平礁面传播过程中,波峰变成细陡状且随着波能耗散非规则波中长频波变少、短频波变多。当在岸礁前放置一个系缆式浮体结构时,由于浮体结构对波浪的阻碍作用,使得经过浮体后的波浪沿岸礁传播过程发生了较大的改变。
当入射波高H=0.1 m,T=1.1 s时,如图10(a)所示,G1为外海监测点,G2为浮式结构前监测点,非规则波在传播到这两个监测点时还保留着完整的JONSWAP谱波形,长频波与短频波过渡自然。G3为浮式结构与后礁面趾监测点,当非规则波由G2点传播到G3点处时,非规则波波浪自由液面下降明显,几乎没有完整的非规则波波形存在,表明浮式结构对此工况下的非规则波消浪效果较好。当消波后的非规则波沿岸礁继续传播时,此时波浪自由液面接近于零,没有出现波浪沿岸礁爬升时在礁缘处的破碎现象,水平岛礁上的各监测点(G5G6)处自由液面几乎变成水平线。
图10(b)所示,保持波浪周期T=1.1 s不变,增大波高至H=0.16 m,随着波高的增加,浮体结构前的监测点(G1G2)处非规则波波形更加明显。当非规则波从G2点传播到G3点处时,浮体结构消浪效果较好,从礁面趾G3处开始到沿岸礁传播结束,非规则波波形几乎消减为零,自由液面几乎成水平直线,表明波高的增大对浮体结构消浪效果影响不大。当H=0.1 m,波周期增大至T=1.6 s时,如图10(c)所示,当非规则波沿G2点传播到G3点处时,非规则波在经过浮式结构后在G3点处消浪效果明显,但相较于T=1.1 s工况,仍保留着较明显的非规则波波形。非规则波在礁前斜坡G4上传播时,由于浅化作用波高会变大。此时,波浪在礁缘G5处未出现明显的波浪破碎现象,破碎波在沿水平礁坪传播时,由于摩阻耗散,自由液面接近于零。
图11给出了岛礁环境下系缆式浮体结构动力响应随非规则波波高变化的情况。从图中可以观察到,不同波高工况下浮体结构最大垂向位移、最大纵摇角度、最大横荡位移值随着波高的增大均呈现出上升的趋势,其中最大垂向位移变化幅度较小。
为了进一步探究波周期对系缆式浮体结构运动的影响,取波高H=0.1 m工况为例。如图12所示,在不同周期非规则波作用下。浮体结构最大垂向位移与最大横荡位移值均随波周期的增大而增大,而浮体结构的最大纵摇角度随波浪周期的增大而减小。
本文采用SPH方法分别就不同类型的波浪对近岸岛礁环境浮式结构的动力响应进行了研究,探究了不同入射波高与波周期两个波浪参数对波浪传播特性与浮式结构耦合运动的影响,主要结论如下:
(1)在岛礁前放置系缆式浮式结构,波浪在经过浮式结构的消浪作用后沿着岸礁继续传播时没有出现波浪破碎现象,且礁坪上自由液面接近于零。其次,浮式结构对非规则波的波高衰减效果比规则波的波高衰减效果更好,且波高的变化对浮式结构波高衰减效果影响不大。然而,波浪周期的变化对浮式结构的消浪效果影响较大,浮式结构对长周期波浪的波高衰减效果较差。
(2)对于规则波,不同波高工况下,浮式结构物的最大垂向位移、最大纵摇角度以及最大横荡位移都随波高的增大呈现增大的趋势。另一方面,随着波周期的增大,浮式结构物的最大垂向位移与最大横荡位移均会增强,然而最大纵摇角度会减弱。
(3)对于非规则波,波高与波周期对浮式结构动力响应的影响与规则波工况相似,主要区别在于:非规则波对于浮体结构最大垂向位移、最大纵摇角度以及最大横荡位移的影响均小于规则波。另外,与波高相比,波周期的变化影响更为敏感。
  • 湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ50027; 2022JJ50038)
  • 湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(21A0103)
  • 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022A1515240077)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.03.003
  • 接收时间:2024-09-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-18
基金
湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ50027; 2022JJ50038)
湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(21A0103)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022A1515240077)
作者信息
    1.湘潭大学 土木工程学院,湖南 湘潭 411105
    2.中铁建工长沙市规划设计院,长沙 411107
    3.佛山大学 交通与土木建筑学院,广东 佛山 528225
    4.湖南鼎豪建设有限公司,湖南 益阳 413002

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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