Article(id=1243304972809519188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724774400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774356605007, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774356605007, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774356605007, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774356605007, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243304968753623545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='2', pageStart='171', pageEnd='335', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774356604040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774356967523, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243306493370544137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243306493370544138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=251, endPage=265, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243304973497385049, articleId=1243304972809519188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Fatigue crack propagation analysis and life prediction of mooring line for floating wind turbine, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Mooring lines are prone to fatigue damage or even fracture due to the long-term exposure of floating wind turbine to marine environmental loads. At present, the mainstream S-N/T-N curve methods have many defects, such as high discretization of results and inability to consider initial cracks. The fracture mechanics method can analyze the fatigue life of structures with initial cracks. However, the analysis of large structures by fracture mechanics is inefficient and complex, and it is difficult to achieve accurate prediction from time-domain load analysis to fatigue life using a single general software. In this paper, a framework based on PYTHON for fatigue crack propagation was constructed, and a fatigue crack propagation program for mooring lines was developed based on the fracture mechanics method in conjunction with SESAM, ABAQUS, and Franc 3D softwares, which enables the simulation of fatigue crack propagation processes under different sea conditions. Secondly, as an example, the fatigue life of No.1 mooring line of OC4 semi-submersible floating wind turbine was calculated by using this program. Finally, the parametric study of the anchor chain was carried out, based on the fatigue life calculation results of No.1 mooring line. The results show that the crack growth rate in the crown section of the mooring chain is the fastest, and the fatigue life is the shortest, which is about 74% and 36% of those in the bending section and the straight section, respectively. The initial crack morphology has a significant effect on the fatigue life of mooring cable. The increase of the initial crack size and the decrease of length-depth ratio both result in a decrease in the fatigue life of mooring lines. The research work can provide technical support for the design and analysis of mooring line of floating wind turbines.

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浮式风机长期遭受海洋环境荷载影响,极易使系泊缆产生疲劳损伤,甚至断裂。基于S-N/T-N曲线法的疲劳强度评估存在无法考虑结构初始缺陷和计算离散性大等诸多不足;断裂力学方法可对含初始缺陷的结构进行剩余疲劳寿命评估。然而,大型结构的断裂力学法分析过程复杂、计算效率低,目前单一的通用软件难以实现从时域载荷分析到疲劳寿命的精准预报。本文构建疲劳裂纹扩展的PYTHON程序框架,基于断裂力学法联合SESAM、ABAQUS以及Franc 3D软件,开发系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展程序,实现多海况下系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展过程模拟。其次,基于系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展程序以OC4半潜浮式风机1号系泊缆为例,进行锚链疲劳寿命的计算。最后,基于1号系泊缆的疲劳寿命计算结果,系统地探究裂纹初始位置、裂纹初始形貌等因素对裂纹扩展行为及疲劳寿命的影响规律。结果表明,系泊缆链环中冠段区域的裂纹扩展速率最快,疲劳寿命最短,分别约为弯曲段和直线段的74%和36%。初始裂纹的形貌对系泊缆疲劳寿命有着显著影响,初始裂纹尺寸越大,系泊缆疲劳寿命越短;初始裂纹长深比越小,系泊缆疲劳寿命越短。本研究工作可为浮式风机系泊缆的设计分析提供技术支撑。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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苏一鸣(1998-),男,硕士

何文涛(1986-),男,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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苏一鸣(1998-),男,硕士

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苏一鸣(1998-),男,硕士

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何文涛(1986-),男,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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ArticleFig(id=1243304989607707295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Results of mooring cable tension in typical sea conditions using rain flow counting method, figureFileSmall=5iB6yahyG1K/pE1wj1Vm1A==, figureFileBig=TP1d6BdsTh8MRyGj5KrZBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304991105073827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=图8, caption=典型海况系泊缆张力雨流计数结果, figureFileSmall=5iB6yahyG1K/pE1wj1Vm1A==, figureFileBig=TP1d6BdsTh8MRyGj5KrZBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304991235097256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Maximum principal stress distribution of mooring chain, figureFileSmall=w0cOySbHkQ5kW1yOhoGzMw==, figureFileBig=C+O5VY7yZy1542mm+k4z2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304991365120681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=图9, caption=锚链最大主应力分布, figureFileSmall=w0cOySbHkQ5kW1yOhoGzMw==, figureFileBig=C+O5VY7yZy1542mm+k4z2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304991520309938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Stress intensity factor in the process of crack propagation, figureFileSmall=8mAf0eOLTnXD4dIqgTzh1w==, figureFileBig=Yxb19oDvcE/0modLqy45Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304991604196023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=图10, caption=裂纹扩展过程中应力强度因子, figureFileSmall=8mAf0eOLTnXD4dIqgTzh1w==, figureFileBig=Yxb19oDvcE/0modLqy45Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304991683887804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Evolution of crack morphology, figureFileSmall=M/h98SnlYwIZbt6idELk5g==, figureFileBig=WGGieRmDHzoX+u4bNfQXlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304991788745410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=图11, caption=裂纹形貌演化, figureFileSmall=M/h98SnlYwIZbt6idELk5g==, figureFileBig=WGGieRmDHzoX+u4bNfQXlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304991881020103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Crack propagation process of FE model of mooring chain with initial crack, figureFileSmall=xjW17bRYwj6hFYUiJknuxA==, figureFileBig=wWjxlbPDxRnQkVHU9raPXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304992006849232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=图12, caption=含初始裂纹的系泊链有限元模型裂纹扩展过程, figureFileSmall=xjW17bRYwj6hFYUiJknuxA==, figureFileBig=wWjxlbPDxRnQkVHU9raPXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304992111706837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Curve of fatigue life of mooring chain, figureFileSmall=D6gkdn6RIu2+erTOevdXyQ==, figureFileBig=EqT1JuLk8SwuJoaarhinnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304992212370139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=图13, caption=锚链疲劳寿命曲线, figureFileSmall=D6gkdn6RIu2+erTOevdXyQ==, figureFileBig=EqT1JuLk8SwuJoaarhinnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304992308839137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Fatigue life curves of different parts of mooring chain, figureFileSmall=8RIHSpDisbco8jBXrtBuow==, figureFileBig=POFNm1kSm8uIi1xFIBWdiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304992388530917, 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caption=Fatigue life curves of mooring line with different initial crack sizes, figureFileSmall=ukxaixg3yT9xGHdSMGvGCQ==, figureFileBig=JmCvV3RNuE0LoxpE0nImmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304992778601211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=图16, caption=锚链各初始裂纹尺寸疲劳寿命曲线, figureFileSmall=ukxaixg3yT9xGHdSMGvGCQ==, figureFileBig=JmCvV3RNuE0LoxpE0nImmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304992887653120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=Fatigue life curve of mooring line with different initial crack shape, figureFileSmall=BXRIJsQ0DdjNDInjkfFJSw==, figureFileBig=3GCf2Nj1gFBZ5DUp4dHdkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304992996705031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=图17, caption=锚链各初始裂纹形状疲劳寿命曲线, figureFileSmall=BXRIJsQ0DdjNDInjkfFJSw==, figureFileBig=3GCf2Nj1gFBZ5DUp4dHdkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304993114145548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Critical crack depth at each key point of the mooring chain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
直径/mm直线段临界裂纹深度/mm弯曲段临界裂纹深度/mm冠段临界裂纹深度/mm
76.623.09.211.5
), ArticleFig(id=1243304993185448722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

锚链各关键点临界裂纹深度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
直径/mm直线段临界裂纹深度/mm弯曲段临界裂纹深度/mm冠段临界裂纹深度/mm
76.623.09.211.5
), ArticleFig(id=1243304993281917720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Main parameters of OC4-DeepCwind mooring line

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数/单位数值参数/单位数值
系泊缆数目/根3锚链松弛总长/m835.5
锚点在水线下深度/m200锚链直径/m0.0766
导缆孔在水线下深度/m14锚链单位长度质量/(kg⋅m-1113.35
锚点到浮式基础中心线半径/m837.6锚链等效刚度/(MN⋅m-1753.6
导缆孔到浮式基础中心线半径/m40.868
), ArticleFig(id=1243304993374192411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

OC4-DeepCwind系泊缆主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数/单位数值参数/单位数值
系泊缆数目/根3锚链松弛总长/m835.5
锚点在水线下深度/m200锚链直径/m0.0766
导缆孔在水线下深度/m14锚链单位长度质量/(kg⋅m-1113.35
锚点到浮式基础中心线半径/m837.6锚链等效刚度/(MN⋅m-1753.6
导缆孔到浮式基础中心线半径/m40.868
), ArticleFig(id=1243304993462272799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Parameters of the sea states of South China Sea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海况Hs/mTp/sVw/(m⋅s-1P/%海况Hs/mTp/sVw/(m⋅s-1P/%
10.2503.53.40.1331.05088.41.3
20.25043.81.0341.550810.02.5
30.67545.60.8352.175812.03.0
41.05047.00.7362.875812.83.1
51.55048.50.5373.625814.02.2
62.175510.10.2384.500815.41.7
70.25054.22.9395.500816.50.6
80.67556.03.1406.750818.20.2
91.05057.63.4410.25095.00.1
101.55059.03.7420.67597.00.2
112.175510.81.9431.05098.60.4
122.875511.60.7441.550910.60.8
133.625513.00.1452.175912.61.0
140.25064.32.9462.875913.22.2
150.67566.43.7473.625914.81.0
161.05067.85.0484.500916.01.0
171.55069.47.2495.500916.80.6
182.175611.25.5506.750918.00.4
192.875612.03.2510.675107.50.1
203.625613.21.1521.050109.20.1
214.500614.50.2531.5501012.00.2
220.25074.51.5542.1751013.40.2
230.67576.62.1552.8751014.00.3
241.05078.23.3563.6251015.60.3
251.55079.85.7574.5001016.70.3
), ArticleFig(id=1243304993562936100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

南海波浪环境参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海况Hs/mTp/sVw/(m⋅s-1P/%海况Hs/mTp/sVw/(m⋅s-1P/%
10.2503.53.40.1331.05088.41.3
20.25043.81.0341.550810.02.5
30.67545.60.8352.175812.03.0
41.05047.00.7362.875812.83.1
51.55048.50.5373.625814.02.2
62.175510.10.2384.500815.41.7
70.25054.22.9395.500816.50.6
80.67556.03.1406.750818.20.2
91.05057.63.4410.25095.00.1
101.55059.03.7420.67597.00.2
112.175510.81.9431.05098.60.4
122.875511.60.7441.550910.60.8
133.625513.00.1452.175912.61.0
140.25064.32.9462.875913.22.2
150.67566.43.7473.625914.81.0
161.05067.85.0484.500916.01.0
171.55069.47.2495.500916.80.6
182.175611.25.5506.750918.00.4
192.875612.03.2510.675107.50.1
203.625613.21.1521.050109.20.1
214.500614.50.2531.5501012.00.2
220.25074.51.5542.1751013.40.2
230.67576.62.1552.8751014.00.3
241.05078.23.3563.6251015.60.3
251.55079.85.7574.5001016.70.3
), ArticleFig(id=1243304993835565873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Typical sea conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ST-1ST-2ST-3
海况141618
波高/m0.2501.0502.175
周期/s666
风速/(m∙s-14.37.811.2
), ArticleFig(id=1243304993923646262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

典型海况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ST-1ST-2ST-3
海况141618
波高/m0.2501.0502.175
周期/s666
风速/(m∙s-14.37.811.2
), ArticleFig(id=1243304994003338043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The summary of mooring cable tension in typical sea conditions with rain flow counting method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称/单位海况ST-1海况ST-2海况ST-3
最小张力范围/kN000
最大张力范围/kN74361413
张力范围中位数/kN3610
), ArticleFig(id=1243304994104001344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

典型海况雨流计数结果汇总

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称/单位海况ST-1海况ST-2海况ST-3
最小张力范围/kN000
最大张力范围/kN74361413
张力范围中位数/kN3610
), ArticleFig(id=1243304995634922309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Summary of fatigue life of each part of mooring chain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
锚链部位1号系泊缆2号系泊缆3号系泊缆
直线段/y16459755848
弯曲段/y8029072850
冠段/y5921492105
), ArticleFig(id=1243304995735585611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

锚链各部位疲劳寿命汇总

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
锚链部位1号系泊缆2号系泊缆3号系泊缆
直线段/y16459755848
弯曲段/y8029072850
冠段/y5921492105
), ArticleFig(id=1243304995894969168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Initial crack parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
符号/单位初始裂纹形貌
S1S2S3S4S5
裂纹半长a/mm0.30.50.71.01.5
裂纹深度c/mm0.30.50.70.50.5
裂纹长深比11123
), ArticleFig(id=1243304996008215383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

初始裂纹参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
符号/单位初始裂纹形貌
S1S2S3S4S5
裂纹半长a/mm0.30.50.71.01.5
裂纹深度c/mm0.30.50.70.50.5
裂纹长深比11123
), ArticleFig(id=1243304996100490076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

The ratio of fatigue life of mooring chain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系泊缆初始裂纹位置初始裂纹形状大小
S1S3S4S5
1号系泊缆直线段1.280.860.850.77
弯曲段1.260.850.850.77
冠段1.300.840.840.75
), ArticleFig(id=1243304996209541986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304972809519188, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

锚链疲劳寿命比值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系泊缆初始裂纹位置初始裂纹形状大小
S1S3S4S5
1号系泊缆直线段1.280.860.850.77
弯曲段1.260.850.850.77
冠段1.300.840.840.75
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浮式风机系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展分析与寿命预测研究
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苏一鸣 1 , 曹诗卉 1 , 汪雪良 2 , 丁洪涛 1 , 王昌梓 3 , 何文涛 1
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025,29(2): 251-265
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025, 29(2): 251-265
浮式风机系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展分析与寿命预测研究
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苏一鸣1, 曹诗卉1, 汪雪良2, 丁洪涛1, 王昌梓3, 何文涛1
作者信息
  • 1.中国海洋大学 工程学院,山东 青岛 266100
  • 2.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 3.山东科技大学,山东 青岛 266590
  • 苏一鸣(1998-),男,硕士

    何文涛(1986-),男,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Fatigue crack propagation analysis and life prediction of mooring line for floating wind turbine
Yi-ming SU1, Shi-hui CAO1, Xue-liang WANG2, Hong-tao DING1, Chang-zi WANG3, Wen-tao HE1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  • 2.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
  • 3.Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
出版时间: 2025-02-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.009
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浮式风机长期遭受海洋环境荷载影响,极易使系泊缆产生疲劳损伤,甚至断裂。基于S-N/T-N曲线法的疲劳强度评估存在无法考虑结构初始缺陷和计算离散性大等诸多不足;断裂力学方法可对含初始缺陷的结构进行剩余疲劳寿命评估。然而,大型结构的断裂力学法分析过程复杂、计算效率低,目前单一的通用软件难以实现从时域载荷分析到疲劳寿命的精准预报。本文构建疲劳裂纹扩展的PYTHON程序框架,基于断裂力学法联合SESAM、ABAQUS以及Franc 3D软件,开发系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展程序,实现多海况下系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展过程模拟。其次,基于系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展程序以OC4半潜浮式风机1号系泊缆为例,进行锚链疲劳寿命的计算。最后,基于1号系泊缆的疲劳寿命计算结果,系统地探究裂纹初始位置、裂纹初始形貌等因素对裂纹扩展行为及疲劳寿命的影响规律。结果表明,系泊缆链环中冠段区域的裂纹扩展速率最快,疲劳寿命最短,分别约为弯曲段和直线段的74%和36%。初始裂纹的形貌对系泊缆疲劳寿命有着显著影响,初始裂纹尺寸越大,系泊缆疲劳寿命越短;初始裂纹长深比越小,系泊缆疲劳寿命越短。本研究工作可为浮式风机系泊缆的设计分析提供技术支撑。

系泊缆  /  断裂力学法  /  疲劳裂纹扩展  /  疲劳寿命预测

Mooring lines are prone to fatigue damage or even fracture due to the long-term exposure of floating wind turbine to marine environmental loads. At present, the mainstream S-N/T-N curve methods have many defects, such as high discretization of results and inability to consider initial cracks. The fracture mechanics method can analyze the fatigue life of structures with initial cracks. However, the analysis of large structures by fracture mechanics is inefficient and complex, and it is difficult to achieve accurate prediction from time-domain load analysis to fatigue life using a single general software. In this paper, a framework based on PYTHON for fatigue crack propagation was constructed, and a fatigue crack propagation program for mooring lines was developed based on the fracture mechanics method in conjunction with SESAM, ABAQUS, and Franc 3D softwares, which enables the simulation of fatigue crack propagation processes under different sea conditions. Secondly, as an example, the fatigue life of No.1 mooring line of OC4 semi-submersible floating wind turbine was calculated by using this program. Finally, the parametric study of the anchor chain was carried out, based on the fatigue life calculation results of No.1 mooring line. The results show that the crack growth rate in the crown section of the mooring chain is the fastest, and the fatigue life is the shortest, which is about 74% and 36% of those in the bending section and the straight section, respectively. The initial crack morphology has a significant effect on the fatigue life of mooring cable. The increase of the initial crack size and the decrease of length-depth ratio both result in a decrease in the fatigue life of mooring lines. The research work can provide technical support for the design and analysis of mooring line of floating wind turbines.

mooring line  /  fracture mechanics  /  fatigue crack propagation  /  fatigue life prediction
苏一鸣, 曹诗卉, 汪雪良, 丁洪涛, 王昌梓, 何文涛. 浮式风机系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展分析与寿命预测研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (2) : 251 -265 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.009
Yi-ming SU, Shi-hui CAO, Xue-liang WANG, Hong-tao DING, Chang-zi WANG, Wen-tao HE. Fatigue crack propagation analysis and life prediction of mooring line for floating wind turbine[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (2) : 251 -265 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.009
系泊是浮式风机保持运动稳定与安全运营的重要基础。然而,随机海洋环境中在多因素持续作用下,系泊缆将遭受循环往复的随机载荷,其疲劳损伤不可避免,严重时甚至会发生疲劳失效,产生难以估量的后果。事故调查报告指出,超过半数的系泊缆失效是由于疲劳导致的[1]
目前,系泊缆的疲劳研究方法主要为线性疲劳累计理论结合S-N/T-N曲线法,Thies等[2]利用现场测量数据与S-N曲线法,结合Palmgren-Miner规则对浮式风机系泊缆进行疲劳损伤评价,结果表明,在风浪联合作用情况下,不同方位的系泊缆在不同风向和浪向下的疲劳损伤有一定差异性。然而,线性疲劳累积理论结合S-N/T-N曲线法无法考虑初始缺陷大小和初始缺陷位置的影响,且计算结果离散性较大,难以对系泊缆疲劳损伤分析进行具体且深入的研究。Xue等[3]基于断裂力学法以初始裂纹形状、临界裂纹深度和初始裂纹大小为变量对锚链疲劳寿命预测进行了参数化研究,结果表明,初始裂纹大小对于锚链疲劳寿命的影响显著。Gao等[4]基于断裂力学法对海上浮式风机系泊缆的适用性进行了研究,对于三种不同锚链直径的系泊缆进行了比较研究,结果表明,不同直径下的锚链环的疲劳热点位置基本一致,在不同载荷次序下的锚链疲劳寿命相差不大,且基于断裂力学方法的系泊缆疲劳寿命损伤分析相比基于S-N/T-N曲线的系泊疲劳寿命损伤分析更具合理性。断裂力学分析方法能够对含初始裂纹的结构进行疲劳寿命分析,同时引入应力强度因子概念,用以描述裂纹尖端应力场的状态,继而更好地计算裂纹扩展情况,最终得到结构的疲劳寿命。但目前仍未能实现随机海况下裂纹扩展过程的模拟[5-6],或停留于应力强度因子层面的研究[7-8],未能从有限元仿真和裂纹扩展的角度进行讨论。
因此,基于断裂力学方法并结合有限元方法,本文提出一套可行的系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展分析与寿命预测流程,并开发出相应的裂纹自动扩展程序。同时,以OC4浮式风机为例,详细介绍系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展与寿命预测的实现方法,并系统地分析裂纹初始位置和裂纹初始形貌等因素对裂纹扩展行为与疲劳寿命的影响规律。
浮式风机系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展分析主要可以拆分为浮式风机时域耦合运动分析、含裂纹锚链环受力分析以及裂纹扩展量计算三个部分,根据裂纹扩展寿命曲线可实现疲劳寿命预测,如图1所示。为实现系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展模拟,本文开发了一个由PYTHON、SESAM、ABAQUS以及Franc 3D等软件组成的程序,如图2所示。SESAM主要用于系泊缆张力求解工作,进行漂浮式风机基础的建模、频域内水动力分析以及时域耦合运动分析,得到系泊缆的张力时程曲线。ABAQUS建立锚链模型,进行含裂纹模型的应力分析。Franc 3D可实现裂纹扩展计算中的裂纹插入以及根据有限元分析结果求解应力强度因子(SIF),为后续裂纹扩展量计算提供数据支撑。PYTHON作为控制中心,主要负责裂纹扩展进程的调控、各模块间的数据交互、各短期海况下裂纹扩展增量的计算与叠加、裂纹形貌的计算与更新以及裂纹扩展寿命的统计等,是本文裂纹自动扩展程序的核心。
在仿真中若要实现裂纹扩展,需在每一个载荷作用后都进行裂纹更新,这会导致网格重划分工作与有限元分析时间的急剧增加,造成计算量增大和计算效率低下。在保证计算精度的情况下,本文提出了裂纹扩展更新及其应力强度因子线性插值方法,实现了系泊锚链疲劳的快速预测。本文所开发的系泊锚链扩展程序从以下两个方面进行了改进:
(1)设定裂纹更新阈值dath,通过裂纹更新阈值来控制裂纹更新频率:对循环计算的各海况的裂纹扩展量进行累积,如累积裂纹扩展量小于更新阈值,则不进行裂纹的更新,只对扩展量进行累积;当累积扩展量达到预设阈值时,就进行裂纹尺寸的更新,并进行后续计算。
(2)利用线性插值计算应力强度因子。本文基于线弹性断裂力学理论进行疲劳裂纹扩展计算,在锚链的拉伸疲劳分析中,结构应力与应力强度因子之间成线性关系,可基于此进行应力强度因子求解,进而通过Paris公式求解不同张力范围下的裂纹扩展量,避免多次进行有限元分析。
按照Paris公式,扩展速率与应力强度因子在对数坐标系中呈线性关系[9]
式中,da/dN为裂纹扩展率,ΔK为应力强度因子范围,Cm为材料疲劳裂纹扩展参数。
裂纹形貌一般假定为半圆形或半椭圆形[10],为便于系泊缆中对裂纹定义,假定裂纹形态为标准椭圆,裂纹扩展过程中的裂纹深度a以及裂纹半长c分别为椭圆半短轴与半长轴,以实现裂纹形状计算[11]
图3所示,已知初始裂纹深度ai,裂纹半长ci,故可求得系泊缆链环与裂纹交点P的坐标记为Pxiyi),在外力作用下,由Franc 3D软件可得裂纹扩展A点和P点处的应力强度因子,根据Pairs公式得到A点和P点处沿裂纹前缘的法向扩展量da和dp。则有
式中,xi + 1为裂纹扩展后的裂纹深度,yi + 1为扩展后的新裂纹与系泊缆链环的交点P'的纵坐标,θ为过P点裂纹扩展方向与水平夹角,可根据以下公式进行求解:
式中,l2为初始裂纹过P点的法向向量。
根据以上计算可求得A'P'点的坐标,代入椭圆标准公式可得扩展后的裂纹半长,如此依次迭代计算可实现裂纹扩展过程的模拟。
Mathisen等[12]认为,裂纹深度可以作为判定依据,当裂纹深度达到某一固定值时,即表明系泊缆承载能力低于设计荷载,系泊缆失效。根据疲劳裂纹的热点位置,我们定义了裂纹位于锚链直线段、弯曲段以及冠段的临界裂纹深度,这些深度分别设定为直径的30%、12%以及15%。对于本文所采用的系泊锚链,各疲劳热点临界裂纹深度如表1所示。
本文风机服役于南海S4海域,水深为200 m,采用3根悬链式锚链进行系泊,系泊缆夹角为120°,导缆孔位于水面线下14 m处,各锚点距离中心立柱的水平距离为837.6 m[13],如图4所示,参数如表2所示。
本文选用锚链环直径为76.6 mm的无档锚链作为研究对象,根据规范ISO 1704[14],链环的几何参数如图5所示。此外,疲劳裂纹萌生于结构应力集中部位,Gabrielsen等[15]的研究表明,锚链链环初始裂纹常发生于锚链的直线段内侧、弯曲段内侧以及冠段外侧三个位置,如图5所示。
利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件进行建模,使用一个完整锚链链环以及两个半链环连接组成的三链环锚链段作为有限元模型,取中间段完整锚链链环作为研究对象,如图6所示。全模型采用C3D8R单元进行网格划分,在链环内缘间设置法向为“硬接触”、切向摩擦系数为0.3的面-面接触,对接触区域网格进行细化以提升模型收敛性。在其中一个半链环外侧设定参考点,参考点与半链环截面建立刚性梁约束。在左侧半链环截面处施加全约束,右侧参考点处施加沿x轴正向的集中力,集中力通过刚性耦合作用被传递到右侧半链环截面上,以此模拟系泊缆所受拉力的作用。
(1)波浪荷载
在计算过程中本文选取了中国南海S4地区的长期环境状况,利用南海波浪散布图表示南海长期海况,并选取JONSWAP谱描述波浪能量分布。谱峰因子γ取3.3,通过JONSWAP谱公式,我们可根据短期海况波高和周期计算出对应的波浪谱。JONSWAP谱表达式16如下:
式中,ω为频率,单位为rad/s;σ为谱型参数;g为重力加速度,单位为m/s2ωp为谱峰频率,单位为rad/s;Hs为有义波高,单位为m;Tz为谱峰周期,单位为s;γ为谱峰升高因子,用以表述波浪能量集中程度。
(2)风荷载
海上浮式风机在服役过程中的受力状况复杂多变,浮式风机属于受风面积较大的结构组件,故应该充分考虑风荷载作用在结构上的影响。实际上,海面上的风速总是处于动态变化中,具有湍流性,导致风机工作也是处于湍流风场中,这种风场可以看作是均匀气流与旋流的叠加。为了更好地解释湍流风场风速的变化规律,在海洋工程中引入API与NPD风谱,本文在计算风荷载时采用了NPD风谱,NPD风谱表达式[17]
其中,
式中,SNPDf)为湍流风功率谱密度;U10为海拔10 m处1小时平均风速,单位为m/s;f为风速频率,一般取值为1/600~0.5 Hz;n为常数,一般取值为0.468。
(3)南海海域环境
表3为选自南海某海域散布图的环境参数[18],将长期海况等效为64个具有代表性的短期海况,表中列出各海况中的有义波高Hs、平均跨零周期Tz、风速Vw及各海况每年发生的概率P。由于海流通常假设为恒定的,故在本文中不考虑海流的作用。
对浮式风机与系泊系统进行了时域耦合运动分析,分析过程中,为每个海况设置了10 800秒(3小时)的计算时长。在模拟中,波浪谱采用JONSWAP谱,风谱使用API风谱,海况参数则参考南海波浪散布图。通过这一过程,从中得到64个短期海况下三根系泊缆的系泊张力时程曲线。选择散布图中三个谱峰周期相同、有义波高与风速不同的短期海况,如表4所示,作为典型海况进行系泊缆张力对比分析。
利用雨流计数法对张力时程数据进行处理,将张力时程转化为一系列张力范围以及与其对应的载荷作用次序,如图7所示。
本节以1号系泊缆为示例,取系泊链顶端节点作为关键节点,来说明系泊缆顶端节点张力如何转换为张力范围与循环次数,如图8所示。
根据表5所选择的典型海况下雨流计数的结果发现,典型海况下,系泊缆受到的最小张力范围均为0 kN,而最大张力范围、张力范围中位数随海况的有义波高与风速的增加而增大。ST-1、ST-2和ST-3在3小时内系泊缆受到的张力范围中位数分别为3 kN、6 kN与10 kN,数据表明ST-1系泊缆所受到的张力范围有一半处于0-3 kN这一区间内。ST-2和ST-3的拉力范围则多集中于0-6 kN和0-10 kN之间。
本文所开发的系泊锚链疲劳裂纹扩展程序涉及到应力强度因子、裂纹尺寸的求解、含裂纹锚链的有限元计算和疲劳寿命预测等。为更好地介绍本文所开发的系泊锚链疲劳裂纹扩展程序,本节以1号系泊缆为例对系泊缆寿命评估流程进行简要介绍。
采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对无损锚链施加轴向拉力,最大应力点为锚链冠部外侧,该位置易产生裂纹,同时由于应力集中现象明显,疲劳裂纹的扩展速率也相对较高,属于锚链发生疲劳失效的关键部位,如图9所示。因此,选择将初始裂纹设置在冠段外侧进行锚链疲劳寿命研究,根据美国船级社出版的海洋结构疲劳评估指南中的要求,对于没有可靠裂纹深度数据的情况下,可以假定表面裂纹的裂纹深度为0.5 mm[19-20],故在本文中初始裂纹半长c与初始裂纹深度a均设定为0.5 mm。Paris公式中的材料疲劳裂纹扩展参数Cm分别设定为C=9.5×10-12m=2.7。通过自开发的系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展程序计算,进行锚链裂纹扩展的全过程模拟。
图10显示裂纹扩展过程中各扩展模式下的应力强度因子,裂纹扩展过程中,KIKeq在数值上基本一致,KI远大于KIIKIII,说明I型在扩展模式中起主导作用。从沿裂纹前缘Keq的变化趋势和分布可看出,裂纹深度方向的应力强度因子小于裂纹长度方向应力强度因子,说明裂纹沿长度方向扩展量大于沿深度方向扩展量,裂纹形状在扩展过程中由最初的正圆形逐渐变为椭圆形,且离心率逐渐增大。
本节以1号系泊缆冠段为例,介绍锚链裂纹扩展模拟过程。图11为系泊缆受轴向张力作用下疲劳裂纹形貌,从中可直观看出,随着时间推移,裂纹尺寸明显增大,且每年扩展量呈现增长趋势,说明裂纹扩展速率逐渐增大。裂纹在长度方向扩展量大于在深度方向扩展量,裂纹逐渐变得狭长。
为更全面地展示裂纹扩展过程,图12给出系泊缆在第15、30、45、60年服役时间下含裂纹锚链的有限元应力云图。如图所示,一旦裂纹扩展,原应力集中区域发生应力消散。在裂纹前缘上,应力集中现象明显,裂纹两端应力远大于其他区域。
将裂纹扩展过程转化为以服役年限-裂纹深度表征的疲劳寿命曲线进行锚链疲劳寿命评估,如图13所示。裂纹扩展速率是变化的,裂纹扩展在初期裂纹尺寸较小时,扩展缓慢,此阶段结构处于较为安全阶段;随着服役年限增加,裂纹扩展速率迅速提升,当达到临界裂纹深度尺寸后,裂纹快速扩展,这种情况下,裂纹将会进入失稳扩展阶段甚至瞬间断裂,这对于锚链而言是极其危险的。
根据裂纹临界深度对锚链进行失效判定,得到锚链不同初始裂纹部位的疲劳寿命,如图14所示,从图14中可以看出,在同一根系泊缆上,裂纹扩展速率由快到慢分别为冠段、弯曲段、直线段。根据扩展速率大小可以分析出,在受到的海洋环境荷载一致的前提下,锚链在冠段的应力水平最大,与图9所反映的情况相符。由图14(d)可以看出,三根系泊缆各部位的疲劳寿命趋势一致,同一根锚链在不同位置的疲劳寿命在直段、弯段和冠段之间依次递减,意味着在初始裂纹大小一致的前提下,锚链失效原因主要是由于冠段裂纹扩展导致锚链断裂,其次是弯曲段,最后是直线段。1号系泊缆上各疲劳热点位置的疲劳寿命远小于2、3号系泊缆,1号系泊缆上各部位疲劳寿命区间处于50-180年,2、3号系泊缆上各部位疲劳寿命区间达到2000-6000年,如表6所示。
实际上,不同位置的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命差异是由应力强度因子不一致导致的。图15所示为1号系泊缆对应裂纹深度为2.5 mm、5 mm、7.5 mm、10 mm时裂纹前缘的应力强度因子,在裂纹扩展过程中冠段处裂纹应力强度因子始终远高于直线段与弯曲段的应力强度因子,且弯曲段的应力强度因子始终大于直线段应力强度因子。由Paris公式可知,应力强度因子越大,裂纹扩展速率也将越大,对应的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命将越短。
疲劳寿命受初始裂纹形貌的影响,初始裂纹的尺寸和形状都直接影响到结构的剩余截面面积,从而导致实际可承载力的变化,初始裂纹越大,截面剩余面积越小,实际可承载力也相应减小。本节以1号系泊缆为例,对具有不同初始裂纹形貌下的锚链疲劳寿命进行定量研究,以探究初始裂纹形貌对疲劳寿命的影响规律。为分析初始裂纹形貌对结构疲劳寿命的影响,设置初始裂纹尺,如表7所示。
图16展示了不同初始裂纹尺寸下1号系泊缆在各热点的疲劳裂纹扩展曲线和疲劳寿命对比。可以发现在总体趋势上,随着初始裂纹尺寸的增大,锚链扩展速率增大,疲劳寿命显著降低。同时可以发现,当裂纹尺寸由S1(0.3 mm)扩大为S2(0.5 mm)时,锚链疲劳寿命降低的幅度相较于裂纹尺寸由S2(0.5 mm)扩大为S3(0.7 mm)时大得多,这主要是因为在小裂纹尺寸状态下裂纹扩展速率较低。
图17所示,随着初始裂纹长深比的增加,裂纹扩展速率增大,锚链疲劳寿命明显降低。这是由于初始裂纹长深比的增加导致初始裂纹的面积增大,进而减小了锚链有效截面面积,加剧了裂纹区域应力集中,最终加速了裂纹的扩展。
表8展示了1号系泊缆在不同初始裂纹形貌下的疲劳寿命与其在初始裂纹状态为S2时的锚链疲劳寿命比值。从中可知,初始裂纹越小,结构疲劳寿命就越长。初始裂纹在冠段时,锚链疲劳寿命受裂纹形貌影响较为明显。从初始裂纹大小看,裂纹S1、S2、S3尺寸大小呈等差分布,具体而言,与初始裂纹为S2(a=c=0.5 mm)的疲劳寿命相比,初始裂纹在直线段时,S1的寿命增加了28%,而S3的寿命减少了14%,S3的寿命减少幅度仅为S1寿命增加幅度的一半。上述现象说明初始裂纹尺寸对锚链疲劳有着显著的影响。
本文提出了一种基于断裂力学的系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展分析与寿命预测的方法,形成了一套可行的系泊缆裂纹扩展分析流程,并开发了相应的裂纹扩展模拟程序。在此基础上,进行随机海况下浮式风机系泊缆裂纹扩展分析与寿命预测研究,探索了裂纹萌生位置与初始裂纹形貌等对系泊缆疲劳寿命的影响规律。结果表明:
(1)本文所提出的基于PYTHON、SESAM、ABAQUS和Franc 3D的系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展分析流程和相应的集成程序,实现了基于断裂力学的浮式风机系泊缆疲劳裂纹扩展分析与寿命预测,解决了系泊缆裂纹扩展有限元模拟困难的问题。
(2)锚链受到轴向拉伸作用时,由于锚链上各部位应力分布不同,疲劳裂纹扩展过程中各部位裂纹扩展速率具有差异性,各部位裂纹扩展速率由大到小为:冠段、弯曲段、直线段。相应地,锚链疲劳寿命冠段最短,弯曲段次之,直线段寿命最长,冠段、弯曲段寿命分别仅约为直线段的36%与48%。同时也说明锚链链环冠段为最易萌生疲劳裂纹的部位与最易发生断裂失效的部位。
(3)初始裂纹形貌对系泊缆疲劳寿命有着显著影响,初始裂纹尺寸越小、初始裂纹长深比越小,系泊缆疲劳寿命越长,S1(a=c=0.3 mm)的疲劳寿命分别约为S2(a=c=0.5 mm)和S3(a=c=0.7 mm)的1.3和1.5倍,而S2(a=c=0.5 mm)的疲劳寿命分别约为S4(a=1 mm,c=0.5 mm)和S5(a=1.5 mm,c=0.5 mm)的1.2倍和1.3倍。此外,初始裂纹在冠段时,锚链疲劳寿命受初始裂纹形貌影响较为明显。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52071308)
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2025年第29卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.009
  • 接收时间:2024-08-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-28
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52071308)
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    1.中国海洋大学 工程学院,山东 青岛 266100
    2.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
    3.山东科技大学,山东 青岛 266590

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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