Article(id=1243304971974852690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723996800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774356604808, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774356604808, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774356604808, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774356604808, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243304968753623545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='2', pageStart='171', pageEnd='335', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774356604040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774356967523, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243306493370544137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243306493370544138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=232, endPage=241, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243304974780842091, articleId=1243304971974852690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Numerical simulation of wind field wake of aircraft carrier based on LBM-LES, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A numerical method combining Lattice Boltzmann and Large Eddy Simulation (LBM-LES) is used to simulate the wind field of the unsimplified carrier model under different wind speeds and wind angles. By analyzing the distribution characteristics of the wind field on the ideal landing trajectory, it is found that the dimensionless time-averaged wind speed has a similar distribution pattern and magnitude along the trajectory under the same wind angle and different wind speed conditions. The vertical component has a typical "rooster tail" distribution, with the peak of the sinking airflow being about 10% of the incoming velocity. For the same incoming speed and different wind angles, the influence of the wake on the landing trajectory during port wind is significantly larger than that of the starboard wind. In addition, the vertical velocity on the landing trajectory is mainly sinking in port winds and both sinking and rising in starboard winds, but predominantly upwelling.

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采用格子玻尔兹曼和大涡模拟相结合(LBM-LES)的数值方法,针对未简化的航母模型,模拟不同风速和风向角下的风场尾流。通过分析舰载机理想着舰轨迹上风场的分布特征,发现相同风向角、不同风速条件下,无量纲时均风速沿着舰轨迹具有相近的分布规律和大小,垂向分量呈典型的“雄鸡尾”式分布,下沉气流峰值约为来流速度的10%左右;相同来流速度、不同风向角条件下,左舷风时着舰轨迹受尾流影响范围明显大于右舷风时。此外,左舷风时着舰轨迹上的垂直速度以下沉为主,右舷风时既有下沉气流又有上升气流,但以上升气流为主。

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江召兵(1979-),男,副教授

王丙(1986-),男,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:

王亮(1979-),男,副教授

任智源(1995-),男,硕士。

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Comparison of cylindrical winding lift and resistance coefficients (Re=100)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StCL
Present study0.1681.44±0.31
Tseng and Ferziger[20]0.1641.42±0.29
Lai and Peskin[21]0.1651.45±0.33
Zdravkovich[22] (Exp.)0.1651.40
), ArticleFig(id=1243304994099807039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304971974852690, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

柱体绕流升阻力系数比较(Re=100)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StCL
Present study0.1681.44±0.31
Tseng and Ferziger[20]0.1641.42±0.29
Lai and Peskin[21]0.1651.45±0.33
Zdravkovich[22] (Exp.)0.1651.40
), ArticleFig(id=1243304995597173572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304971974852690, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of cylindrical winding lift and resistance coefficients (Re=14 000)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TLfL
Present study2.070.000.214.76
Xing[23]2.01~2.230.000.224.53
Koobu[25]1.97///
Koobu[25] (Exp.)2.05~2.230.00//
), ArticleFig(id=1243304995710419785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304971974852690, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

柱体绕流升阻力系数比较(Re=14 000)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TLfL
Present study2.070.000.214.76
Xing[23]2.01~2.230.000.224.53
Koobu[25]1.97///
Koobu[25] (Exp.)2.05~2.230.00//
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基于LBM-LES的航母风场尾流数值模拟研究
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江召兵 1 , 王丙 2 , 王亮 1, 3 , 任智源 4
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025,29(2): 232-241
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025, 29(2): 232-241
基于LBM-LES的航母风场尾流数值模拟研究
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江召兵1, 王丙2 , 王亮1, 3, 任智源4
作者信息
  • 1.南京欧帕提亚信息科技有限公司,南京 210000
  • 2.陆军军事交通学院,天津 300161
  • 3.三江学院 土木工程学院,南京 210000
  • 4.华中科技大学 能源与动力工程学院,武汉 430074
  • 江召兵(1979-),男,副教授

    王丙(1986-),男,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:

    王亮(1979-),男,副教授

    任智源(1995-),男,硕士。

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Numerical simulation of wind field wake of aircraft carrier based on LBM-LES
Zhao-bing JIANG1, Bing WANG2 , Liang WANG1, 3, Zhi-yuan REN4
Affiliations
  • 1.Nanjing Opatiya Information Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
  • 2.Army Military Transportation University, Tianjin 300161, China
  • 3.College of Civil Engineering, Sanjiang University, Nanjing 210000, China
  • 4.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
出版时间: 2025-02-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.007
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采用格子玻尔兹曼和大涡模拟相结合(LBM-LES)的数值方法,针对未简化的航母模型,模拟不同风速和风向角下的风场尾流。通过分析舰载机理想着舰轨迹上风场的分布特征,发现相同风向角、不同风速条件下,无量纲时均风速沿着舰轨迹具有相近的分布规律和大小,垂向分量呈典型的“雄鸡尾”式分布,下沉气流峰值约为来流速度的10%左右;相同来流速度、不同风向角条件下,左舷风时着舰轨迹受尾流影响范围明显大于右舷风时。此外,左舷风时着舰轨迹上的垂直速度以下沉为主,右舷风时既有下沉气流又有上升气流,但以上升气流为主。

计算流体动力学  /  玻尔兹曼方法  /  航母  /  风场尾流  /  着舰轨迹

A numerical method combining Lattice Boltzmann and Large Eddy Simulation (LBM-LES) is used to simulate the wind field of the unsimplified carrier model under different wind speeds and wind angles. By analyzing the distribution characteristics of the wind field on the ideal landing trajectory, it is found that the dimensionless time-averaged wind speed has a similar distribution pattern and magnitude along the trajectory under the same wind angle and different wind speed conditions. The vertical component has a typical "rooster tail" distribution, with the peak of the sinking airflow being about 10% of the incoming velocity. For the same incoming speed and different wind angles, the influence of the wake on the landing trajectory during port wind is significantly larger than that of the starboard wind. In addition, the vertical velocity on the landing trajectory is mainly sinking in port winds and both sinking and rising in starboard winds, but predominantly upwelling.

CFD  /  lattice Boltzmann method  /  aircraft carrier  /  wind field of wake  /  landing trajector
江召兵, 王丙, 王亮, 任智源. 基于LBM-LES的航母风场尾流数值模拟研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (2) : 232 -241 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.007
Zhao-bing JIANG, Bing WANG, Liang WANG, Zhi-yuan REN. Numerical simulation of wind field wake of aircraft carrier based on LBM-LES[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (2) : 232 -241 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.007
舰载机进场着舰过程中,航母以一定的航速逆风行驶,会在舰尾形成复杂的扰流区。研究航母尾流场结构及其随外界因素的变化规律,对舰载机降落的准确性和安全性具有十分重要的意义。
依靠实船直接测量和风洞试验的舰船尾流研究不但花费巨大,而且无法得到风场的精细结构。因此,随着计算机软硬件水平的提高,计算流体动力学(CFD)技术在舰船风场模拟方面得到越来越多的应用。Dooley等[1]使用爱荷华大学自研求解器研究了波浪和通用直升机上升气流对ONRT舰船风场尾流的影响,并对比分析了多种海况;Park等[2]使用改进的浸入式边界方法(IBM)对旋翼飞机机身和舰船风场尾流进行了流体动力学模拟,与试验数据验证并获得非常好的一致性;Czerwiec等[3]模拟了LHA舰船模型的风场尾流,数值结果与风洞实验结果吻合较好;Polsky等[4]模拟了CVN航母模型的风场尾流;Kulkarni等[5]使用FLUENT进行了护卫舰烟囱热气流场的参数研究;龚杰等[6]利用分离涡模型模拟了导管桨的近尾流场并分析了其尾涡特性;贲亮亮等[7]利用FLUENT模拟了甲板风对舰载机进舰轨迹的影响;郜冶等[8]利用FLUENT研究了风向变化产生的航母甲板风结构。研究结果表明,CFD模拟不但成本低,而且可以进行全尺寸舰船的模拟,与风洞实验的比较也验证了其可靠性,目前已成为研究舰船风场的重要手段。
由于风场尾流对舰船外形的依赖性很强,因此模拟时采用的舰船模型越接近真实舰船,模拟结果就越接近真实风场。但是,当数值模拟采用贴体网格时,舰船的复杂外形导致网格生成难度非常大,往往需要对舰船模型进行大量简化[7-9],从而导致模拟结果在一定程度上的失真。LBM(Lattice Boltzmann Method)是近年来出现并迅速发展的一种新的数值方法,由于它具有天然的并行性、适于处理复杂几何边界问题、计算效率和精度较高的特点,已在越来越多的领域得到应用,也为舰船风场尾流模拟提供了一种新的数值工具。
LBM是在介观尺度上求解Navier-Stokes方程,可以对湍流进行直接模拟,但以目前的计算条件只能模拟中低雷诺数流动,无法满足工程需要。因此,为了模拟实际工程中的高雷诺数流动,Succi等[10]k-ε两方程湍流模型引入到LBM中;Filippova等[11]k-ω两方程湍流模型引入LBM中并研究了翼型的高雷诺数绕流;Li等[12]使用浸没边界法(IMB,Immersed Moving Boundary)和离散元法(DEM,Discrete Element Method)结合LBM建立了流固耦合的相间闭环系统;Shu等[13]分别用k-ω两方程模型和S-A模型结合LBM研究了后台阶绕流问题。由于两方程湍流模型需要求解额外的输运方程,会破坏LBM算法简单、易于编程的优点,因此Hou等[14]探讨了将LES(Large Eddy Simulation)亚网格涡黏模型引入LBM的方法;Krafczyk等[15]利用LBM与LES相结合的数值方法模拟了高雷诺数下的方柱绕流。LES与两方程湍流模型相比,无需额外求解复杂的输运方程,因此具有更高的精度和计算效率。
本文基于未做任何简化的俄罗斯基辅级航母“巴库号”模型,采用LBM与LES相结合的数值方法(LBM-LES),模拟了不同风速和风向角下航母的风场尾流,并分析了舰载机理想着舰轨迹上的风场特征。
离散形式的格子Boltzmann输运方程[16]
其中,是粒子的离散速度,b是离散速度个数,Δt是时间步长,fii方向上的分布函数,Ωi是碰撞算子。
基于Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook(BGK)模型的碰撞算子为
式中,τ是松弛时间,它与宏观尺度运动学粘性系数ν之间的关系为
feq)是局部平衡态分布函数,其定义为
式中,ρ是密度,cs是声速,ωi是权重系数,是宏观尺度的流体运动速度,下标αβ表示向量的不同空间分量,δ是Kronecker delt函数。
采用LES方法来模拟高雷诺数下的湍流运动,该方法的基本思想是使用滤波器对控制方程进行滤波,将流场分解为大尺度结构和小尺度结构。数值模拟时对大尺度结构进行直接求解,而对小尺度脉动采用亚网格模型进行模拟。
在LBM-LES方法中,湍流通过引入湍流松弛时间τt加以考虑,则有效松弛时间τ
其中,τ0是层流松弛时间,τt是湍流松弛时间。
τ与有效粘性系数ν之间的关系为
式中,层流粘性系数ν0和湍流粘性系数νt分别为
ν0νt知道以后,就可以通过上式求得相应松弛时间。
当雷诺数Re已知时,层流粘性系数为
式中,U是特征速度,L是特征长度。
湍流粘性系数νt由Smagorinsky涡粘模型得到,即
式中,Δ是滤波尺度;Cs是Smagorinsky常数,取0.10;变形率张量Sij
适用于LBM的网格技术有标准格子Boltzmann方法、插值格子Boltzmann方法、多块网格方法、多重网格方法和无网格方法等。本研究采用无网格技术[17-18]进行格点布置,根据流动的特点,在不同的区域采用不同的分辨率。为了更精确地模拟航母的风场尾流,还采用了自适应技术[19],定义无量纲涡量为
对于任意小量ε,在ωε的区域进行加密,在ω < ε的区域进行疏化。
首先,本文通过模拟ReD=UD/ν=100(D是圆柱直径,U是来流速度,ν是运动学粘性系数)时的圆柱绕流来对算法的可靠性进行检验。计算区域大小为32D×24D,圆柱附近和尾涡区域的分辨率为D/32。图1给出了圆柱后方的卡门涡街以及相对应的格点分布,从图中可以看到,涡量最大区域格点的分辨率也最高,说明本研究采用的自适应方法是有效的。
圆柱绕流的阻力系数CD、升力系数CL以及斯特劳哈尔数St的定义分别为
式中,FD为阻力,FL为升力,f为尾涡脱落频率。
图2给出了CDCL随时间的变化曲线,表1给出了St数、平均阻力系数和升力系数波动幅值CL,结果表明本文的模拟结果与文献中报道的实验和数值模拟结果吻合较好,说明利用LBM模拟中低雷诺数时物体绕流问题的结果是可靠的。
然后,本文选取文献[23]中的参数,通过模拟ReD=UL/ν=14 000时方形柱体绕流来对算法的可靠性进行进一步检验,计算区域大小为26D×7.8D图3给出了CDCL随时间的变化曲线,表2给出了平均阻力系数、平均升力系数、升力振荡周期TL和升力振荡频率fL。由图3可知,当计算稳定以后,阻力和升力都作周期性的振荡,这与实验结果是相符的,本文计算所得的频率为4.76 Hz,与Durao等[24]的实验值4.7 Hz非常接近。由表2可以看出,各种系数的计算值与文献[23]和Koobu等[25]的结果都比较接近,说明利用LBM模拟高雷诺数时物体绕流问题的结果也是可靠的。
航母模型选取的是俄罗斯的基辅级航母“巴库号”,航母全长为273 m,宽为52 m,斜角甲板中线与航母艏艉中线的夹角为10°。航母甲板上一般布置4根拦阻索,第1根位于距舰尾50 m左右,其余3根从舰尾到舰首方向每间隔12 m设1根。理想着舰时舰载机沿斜角甲板方向并与水平面成4°的夹角飞行,理想着舰点位于第2根和第3根拦阻索的中心位置[926]
为了模拟出精确的风场尾流,本研究的航母模型考虑了大量甲板上方的附属设施,模拟采用三维航母模型以及舰载机理想着舰轨迹,如图4所示。
计算区域为2000 m×300 m×1000 m,Y轴正向为甲板垂直上方,航母几何中心距入口700 m。格点配置最小分辨率为5 m,最大分辨率为0.3125 m,航母附近始终保持最高分辨率,尾流区域根据相对涡量ω自适应调整分辨率。
X轴负向为入流边界条件,入流风速为U0X轴正向为出流边界条件,即风从舰艏吹向舰艉;Y向和Z向均取为滑移边界条件。在模拟不同风向角的情形时,入流风向始终保持与X轴平行,风向与航母的夹角通过旋转航母模型来实现。
为了更准确地反映来流风速U0和风向角Φ对舰载机理想着舰轨迹上风场的影响,我们建立了一套舰体坐标系,规定X'轴正向为沿斜角甲板中线的舰艉方向,Y'轴正向为甲板垂直上方(与Y轴一致),Z'轴正向为舰体左舷方向,舰体坐标系下的风速(u'v'w')才是舰载机在着舰时真正遇到的水平风速、垂直风速和侧向风速。
为了了解来流风速U0对风场尾流的影响,我们在风向角正迎风(Φ=0)条件下,分别模拟了U0=5、10、15 m/s时航母的风场尾流,航母周围的瞬时三维涡量场如图5所示。从图中可以看到,航母的风场尾流主要受舰岛的影响。由于本研究采用的数值方法能够模拟出航母上非常细小构筑物诱导出的涡量场,因此甲板和舰岛上的附属设施(如雷达、天线、武器系统等)都对风场尾流产生了影响,从而形成最接近真实情况的三维湍流风场。
图6给出了无量纲时间t=tU0/L=5(L为航母长度)时,在舰体坐标系下,不同U0时着舰轨迹上垂直速度v'的瞬态分布。从图中可以看到,着舰轨迹上v'的扰动主要集中在着舰前的最后200 m内。图7给出了U0=15 m/s,Φ=0°时,着舰轨迹上距着舰点80 m处v'随时间的脉动曲线。从图中可以看到,v'呈现出明显的湍流特征,变化幅度接近8 m/s。
由于着舰轨迹上的瞬时风场缺乏规律性,为了深入了解着舰轨迹上风场的分布规律,我们计算了着舰轨迹上的时均风场。时均化处理时采用的时间区间Δt满足:
即在Δt区间内风大约吹过3倍的舰体长度。
图8给出了风向角Φ=0°时,不同U0条件下着舰轨迹上的相对时均风速场,其中横轴表示着舰轨迹上距离着舰点的距离。从图中可以看到,不同U0条件下,相对时均风速沿着舰轨迹的分布规律和大小差别很小。因此,建立着舰轨迹上相对时均风速的尾流风场数学模型是可行的,通过该模型能够快速得到任意来流风速下的时均风速大小和分布。
图8中还可以看到,着舰轨迹上航母风场尾流的影响主要集中在x < 300 m的区域内。这是由于当x > 300 m时,不仅尾涡的强度大幅减弱,而且着舰轨迹的高度已基本超出了尾流的影响范围(如图9所示)。
图8(a)给出了着舰轨迹上相对时均水平风速的分布规律,从图中可以看到,x < 300 m时的水平风速明显减小,这主要是由于舰岛的阻挡作用造成的。舰载机着舰时航母通常处于迎风航行状态[27],来流速度U0和风向角Φ是由航母航行速度和海面风速的矢量和决定的。如海面风速较小,舰载机降落时在x < 300 m范围内会遭遇顺风。
图8(b)给出了着舰轨迹上相对时均垂直风速的分布规律,从图中可以看到,任何U0条件下,通过甲板上方的气流都会在舰尾突然向海面下沉然后再上升,从而形成所谓的“雄鸡尾”形状的风场尾流分量,该分量会使得舰载机在进舰后期先遭遇上洗气流再遭遇下洗气流,严重影响舰载机着舰的安全性和准确性[28]。从图中还可以看到,在着舰点附近垂直速度为负值,即下沉气流,这与文献中的美国CVN船型风洞实验结果[4]相吻合,而文献[8]中利用Fluent模拟CVN船型风场尾流时的结果却为上升气流。
图8(c)给出了着舰轨迹上相对时均侧向风速的分布规律,从图中可以看到,x > 300 m时的侧向风速几乎为常数且明显大于着舰点附近,这说明着舰轨迹上远场的侧向风主要是由于斜角甲板中线与风向之间的夹角造成的,而着舰点附近由于舰岛的阻挡作用和绕流效应造成侧向风速较小。
舰载机着舰时航母通常处于迎风航行状态,但由于海面风向复杂多变,航母不可能一直处于顶风航行状态,因此探讨不同风向角下甲板后方气流场的特征,对于舰载机在甲板上安全起降非常必要[29]。我们分别模拟了U0=15 m/s,风向角Φ=-10°、0°、10°时航母周围的风场,Φ > 0°表示右舷风,Φ < 0°表示左舷风。图10给出了不同风向角下航母尾流三维涡量场的俯视图。由于斜角甲板中线与航母艏艉中线的夹角为10°,当Φ=-10°时甲板风风向与斜角甲板中线之间的夹角为零,因此从图中可以看到,左舷风Φ=-10°时着舰轨迹上受尾流影响范围最大,右舷风Φ=10°时受影响范围最小。
图11给出了不同风向角下理想着舰轨迹上的相对时均风速分布,从图中也可以看到,当左舷风Φ=-10°时,着舰轨迹上受尾流风场影响的范围最大。图11(a)和图11(c)分别给出了不同风向角下着舰轨迹上相对时均水平风速和侧向风速的分布规律。从图中可以看到,虽然Φ=10°时着舰轨迹上受风场尾流的影响范围最小,但在着舰前最后120 m左右范围内的水平和侧向风速变化最剧烈,这主要是由于该区域在右舷风时受舰岛影响最大。从图11(c)中还可以看到,当x > 100 m时平均侧向风几乎为定值,Φ=-10°产生的侧向风最小,Φ=10°产生的侧向风最大。结合图10不难发现,着舰轨迹上x > 100 m时的侧向风主要是由甲板风风向与斜角甲板中心线之间的夹角决定的,夹角越大,侧向风也就越大。当Φ=-10°时,二者之间的夹角为零,所以侧向风也几乎为零。
图11(b)给出了不同风向角下着舰轨迹上相对时均垂直风速的分布规律,从图中可以看到,左舷风和右舷风产生的垂直气流是完全不同的。当Φ=0°和Φ=-10°时,即风从航母左前方吹来时,垂直方向以下沉气流为主,最大下沉速度可以达到1.5 m/s,即来流的10%左右。当Φ=10°时,即风从航母右前方吹来时,在x=80 m左右有一个峰值约为0.5 m/s的下沉气流,在x=120 m左右有一个峰值约为1.0 m/s的上升气流。从图中还可以看到,当x > 300 m时,左舷风仍会在着舰轨迹上产生微弱的下沉气流,而右舷风和正迎风对着舰轨迹上的垂直速度几乎无影响。
本文采用LBM-LES方法模拟了不同风速和风向角下航母的风场尾流,分析了舰载机理想着舰轨迹上时均风场的分布特征,得出如下结论:
(1)LBM-LES方法结合无网格法进行航母风场数值模拟时,航母模型无需任何简化,就能够模拟出航母上各种构筑物对风场的影响,使得模拟结果更加接近真实风场。
(2)正迎风条件下,当来流风速不同时,相对平均风速沿理想着舰轨迹的分布规律和大小都非常相似,建立着舰轨迹上相对平均风速的风场尾流数学模型是可行的。
(3)相同来流速度、不同风向角条件下,左舷风时着舰轨迹上受尾流影响范围明显大于右舷风时,但着舰前最后100 m范围内的水平风速和侧向风速变化比右舷风弱;左舷风时着舰轨迹上的垂直速度以下沉为主,右舷风时既有下沉气流又有上升气流,但以上升气流为主。
下一步,我们将进一步研究舰船外形和六自由度运动对风场的影响,为建立真实舰船的风场尾流数据库和数学模型,进而研究舰船周围风场对舰载机起降的影响奠定技术和理论基础。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11572351; 51879058)
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2025年第29卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.007
  • 接收时间:2024-08-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-19
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(11572351; 51879058)
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    1.南京欧帕提亚信息科技有限公司,南京 210000
    2.陆军军事交通学院,天津 300161
    3.三江学院 土木工程学院,南京 210000
    4.华中科技大学 能源与动力工程学院,武汉 430074

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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