Article(id=1243304971706417233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724601600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774356604744, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774356604744, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774356604744, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774356604744, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243304968753623545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='2', pageStart='171', pageEnd='335', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774356604040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774356967523, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243306493370544137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243306493370544138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=321, endPage=335, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243304974357217376, articleId=1243304971706417233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Modeling and characteristics analysis of fluid-induced vibration of ball valve under complex boundary conditions, columnId=1241023038381158513, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Flow-induced vibration of valves is the main source of vibration and noise in pipeline system. The characteristics of flow-induced vibration of liquid valves are important for analyzing vibration and noise in pipeline system, designing and establishing low-noise system. By taking ball valve as the research object, a three-way spring and beam element model was used to simulate the elasticity bolt connection of ball valve inlet and outlet flange end face. Constrained boundary conditions of valves under actual working conditions were established though correcting constrained boundary stiffness with measured dry-humid modal results. Based on Finite Element Method (FEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) theory, the flow-induced vibration analysis model of ball valves was established to research the flow field and fluid-induced vibration characteristics and the correlative influence law of ball valve under variable opening and mass flow conditions. The results show that the three-way spring and beam element model can better simulate the actual installation boundary conditions of ball valve in water pipe. With the decrease of ball valve opening or the increase of mass flow rate, the disturbance of flow field becomes more obvious, and the vibration acceleration level at each measuring point increases.

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球阀流致振动是液体管路系统振动噪声的主要来源之一,掌握球阀流致振动特性是液体管路系统振动噪声分析、低噪声设计及控制的关键前提。本文以球阀为研究对象,采用三向弹簧与梁单元模型模拟球阀进出口法兰端面弹性边界条件,以实测干湿模态数据为基准进行边界约束刚度反演与修正,建立实际安装条件下球阀边界约束模型。在此基础上,基于有限元方法和计算流体力学理论进一步建立球阀流致振动计算模型,研究不同质量流量与不同开度瞬态工况下球阀流场与结构振动特性。结果表明:采用三向弹簧与梁单元模型能够较好地模拟液体管路球阀实际安装边界条件;随着球阀开度减小或质量流量增加,流场的扰动更加明显,各测点位置的振动加速度级均有所增大。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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孙燕(1987-),女,硕士,高级工程师

靳国永(1980-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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孙燕(1987-),女,硕士,高级工程师

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304992505971436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304971706417233, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of natural frequency and error for dry mode

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数实测干模态固有频率/Hz计算干模态固有频率/Hz误差
137362.70%
282767.32%
391901.10%
42872802.44%
53773862.39%
64984901.61%
), ArticleFig(id=1243304992623411954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304971706417233, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

干模态固有频率及误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数实测干模态固有频率/Hz计算干模态固有频率/Hz误差
137362.70%
282767.32%
391901.10%
42872802.44%
53773862.39%
64984901.61%
), ArticleFig(id=1243304992694715127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304971706417233, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of natural frequency and error for wet mode

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数实测湿模态固有频率/Hz计算湿模态固有频率/Hz误差
136352.78%
267727.46%
388891.14%
42862792.45%
53763842.13%
64964891.41%
), ArticleFig(id=1243304992778601210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304971706417233, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

湿模态固有频率及误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数实测湿模态固有频率/Hz计算湿模态固有频率/Hz误差
136352.78%
267727.46%
388891.14%
42862792.45%
53763842.13%
64964891.41%
), ArticleFig(id=1243304992887653119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304971706417233, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Boundary condition parameters of ball valve

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置X方向/(N⋅m-1Y方向/(N⋅m-1Z方向/(N⋅m-1
进口5.5×1052.0×1065.5×105
出口5.0×1051.5×1065.0×105
), ArticleFig(id=1243304993000899336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304971706417233, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

球阀边界条件参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置X方向/(N⋅m-1Y方向/(N⋅m-1Z方向/(N⋅m-1
进口5.5×1052.0×1065.5×105
出口5.0×1051.5×1065.0×105
), ArticleFig(id=1243304993172865809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304971706417233, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Test and simulation results comparison of total vibation level of ball valve at different measuring points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点位置实验振动响应总振级/dB仿真振动响应总振级/dB误差
球阀入口端99.6119.916.9%
球阀阀体侧面100.1119.816.4%
球阀出口端100.3120.116.5%
), ArticleFig(id=1243304993273529110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304971706417233, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

球阀各测点振动响应总振级及误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点位置实验振动响应总振级/dB仿真振动响应总振级/dB误差
球阀入口端99.6119.916.9%
球阀阀体侧面100.1119.816.4%
球阀出口端100.3120.116.5%
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复杂边界条件下液体管路球阀流致振动建模及特性分析
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孙燕 1 , 尹莎莎 1 , 靳国永 2 , 靳淼 2 , 孙凯浪 2 , 叶天贵 2
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025,29(2): 321-335
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船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025, 29(2): 321-335
复杂边界条件下液体管路球阀流致振动建模及特性分析
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孙燕1, 尹莎莎1, 靳国永2 , 靳淼2, 孙凯浪2, 叶天贵2
作者信息
  • 1.中国核动力研究设计院,成都 610218
  • 2.哈尔滨工程大学 动力与能源工程学院,哈尔滨 150001
  • 孙燕(1987-),女,硕士,高级工程师

    靳国永(1980-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Modeling and characteristics analysis of fluid-induced vibration of ball valve under complex boundary conditions
Yan SUN1, Sha-sha YIN1, Guo-yong JIN2 , Miao JIN2, Kai-lang SUN2, Tian-gui YE2
Affiliations
  • 1.Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610218, China
  • 2.College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
出版时间: 2025-02-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.015
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球阀流致振动是液体管路系统振动噪声的主要来源之一,掌握球阀流致振动特性是液体管路系统振动噪声分析、低噪声设计及控制的关键前提。本文以球阀为研究对象,采用三向弹簧与梁单元模型模拟球阀进出口法兰端面弹性边界条件,以实测干湿模态数据为基准进行边界约束刚度反演与修正,建立实际安装条件下球阀边界约束模型。在此基础上,基于有限元方法和计算流体力学理论进一步建立球阀流致振动计算模型,研究不同质量流量与不同开度瞬态工况下球阀流场与结构振动特性。结果表明:采用三向弹簧与梁单元模型能够较好地模拟液体管路球阀实际安装边界条件;随着球阀开度减小或质量流量增加,流场的扰动更加明显,各测点位置的振动加速度级均有所增大。

球阀  /  流致振动  /  约束边界  /  干湿模态

Flow-induced vibration of valves is the main source of vibration and noise in pipeline system. The characteristics of flow-induced vibration of liquid valves are important for analyzing vibration and noise in pipeline system, designing and establishing low-noise system. By taking ball valve as the research object, a three-way spring and beam element model was used to simulate the elasticity bolt connection of ball valve inlet and outlet flange end face. Constrained boundary conditions of valves under actual working conditions were established though correcting constrained boundary stiffness with measured dry-humid modal results. Based on Finite Element Method (FEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) theory, the flow-induced vibration analysis model of ball valves was established to research the flow field and fluid-induced vibration characteristics and the correlative influence law of ball valve under variable opening and mass flow conditions. The results show that the three-way spring and beam element model can better simulate the actual installation boundary conditions of ball valve in water pipe. With the decrease of ball valve opening or the increase of mass flow rate, the disturbance of flow field becomes more obvious, and the vibration acceleration level at each measuring point increases.

ball valve  /  fluid-induced vibration  /  constraint boundary  /  dry-wet modal
孙燕, 尹莎莎, 靳国永, 靳淼, 孙凯浪, 叶天贵. 复杂边界条件下液体管路球阀流致振动建模及特性分析. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (2) : 321 -335 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.015
Yan SUN, Sha-sha YIN, Guo-yong JIN, Miao JIN, Kai-lang SUN, Tian-gui YE. Modeling and characteristics analysis of fluid-induced vibration of ball valve under complex boundary conditions[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (2) : 321 -335 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.015
球阀作为液体管路系统中重要的控流元件,被广泛应用于航空航天、船舶、化工、核能等领域的液体管路系统,其主要功能为改变、分配或切断流体介质流动方向[1]。在液体管路系统的实际运行过程中,由于阀芯对流体的阻碍作用使得阀内流体压力、速度等急剧变化,不仅产生了液击现象,造成了较大的流动损失,而且流体压力脉动会导致阀体结构剧烈振动,轻则影响球阀调节与控制精度,重则使得球阀和其他管路元件发生疲劳破坏而引发事故[2-4]。因此,开展液体管路球阀流致振动特性研究对于球阀的结构优化、管路系统的振动噪声分析、低噪声设计及控制具有重要的工程意义。
目前国内外学者对球阀流致振动特性的研究主要有理论分析法、实验法和数值模拟方法。理论分析法常需要对所建立的数学模型进行理想化假设与简化,越复杂的模型,需要的假设与简化越多,使用范围有限,因此该方法不适用于具有复杂结构球阀的振动分析。戴宗信[5]根据随机振动理论发现若不考虑球阀结构的动力学特性,难以从根本上解决结构流致振动问题。Wiggert[6]采用特征线法求解了用以描述管路振动响应的不同个数方程,但特征线法无法有效描述系统固有的色散、耗散特性。实验法最能直观地获取流场与阀体结构振动数据,但耗时耗力也成为其固有缺陷。Chern等[7]对实验球阀进行了流阻特性和内部流动特性实验研究,结果发现:球阀的流量系数只与开度有关,而与流速无关;压力恢复系数在相对开度较低时,同样只与开度有关。Cho等[8]对球阀的平衡力性能进行了研究,分别进行了球阀的稳态和瞬态实验,分析了球芯表面的压力分布情况及受力情况。近年来,随着计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)与商用软件的发展,国内外学者通过Fluent、CFX等流体软件对球阀内部流动做了大量数值模拟工作。浙江大学的袁新明等[9]用孔隙率定义流场空间,使用k-ε湍流模型对球阀内部阀道流场进行了二维的数值模拟。吉林建筑工程学院的刘晔等[10]采用软件对球阀展开了研究,发现球阀开度为20°时,球阀内部已经形成了旋涡流动。
总的来说,相较于理论分析方法和实验研究方法,数值仿真方法适用范围更广,同时操作成本和求解难度易于接受,是当下解决调节类球阀流致振动问题的主要手段。而在数值仿真过程中,如何设置球阀进出口端边界条件使其更加接近实际工作状态下的边界约束条件,决定了球阀流致振动数值仿真结果的准确性。
在工作状态下,球阀进出口法兰均通过螺栓与外部水管路系统进行连接,本文所用仿真模型在螺栓处截断管路系统,并未建立完整管路球阀模型,因此需确立球阀与管路系统连接处的复杂边界条件。本文在球阀进出口法兰端面的螺栓连接处建立三向弹簧与梁单元模型来模拟球阀与管道的实际螺栓连接。以实测数据为基准,采用边界修正法不断调整三向弹簧刚度,当仿真干湿模态计算结果与实测数据的误差在工程允许范围内时,方可确定最终的边界条件参数,从而建立准确的球阀模型,并结合阀内流场特性分析,对球阀不同质量流量及不同开度下的流致振动特性进行研究。
阀内流体与阀体内壁面之间存在的流固耦合问题属于边界接触类的耦合问题。根据Skalak[11]提出的扩展水击理论,在阀体内部处于非稳态的流体介质容易产生非定常的振荡行为,流体产生的脉动载荷压力作用于阀体内表面进而导致阀体振动,由于流固耦合作用阀体振动又会反过来使得流体运动发生改变,即阀体与流体介质的耦合振动问题。
为了便于描述阀体与流体间的耦合振动问题,设流体作用于阀体结构上的脉动载荷具有如下形式:
阀体结构的振动方程可描述为
考虑到流体介质对阀体结构的附加作用,联立两式可得:
式中,MsMa分别为阀体结构和附加的质量矩阵,CsCa分别为阀体结构和附加的阻尼矩阵,KsKa分别为阀体结构和附加的刚度矩阵,x为阀体壁面位移向量。
此方程描述了流体介质与阀体结构之间构成的动力学封闭性系统,被称为流固耦合振动方程,依据此方程可对球阀给定开度下的流致振动响应进行求解分析。
本文以海军某研究院的大型循环水管路系统DN125球阀为研究对象,为在保证计算精度的基础上兼顾计算效率,依据不改变整体阀件模态特性参数的原则剔除了球阀内部的细小间隙。球阀实体结构模型如图1所示,图2为球阀有限元模型。
为使给定开度下球阀流致振动数值仿真的结果更加准确,需要使球阀进出口法兰处所设置的边界条件更加接近于实际工作状态下的边界约束条件。因此,本文通过以下步骤完成对球阀计算模型的建立以及边界条件的设置:
(1)赋予球阀结构有限元模型相应的材料参数及属性。实际球阀为钢质材料,因此球阀结构有限元模型采用Solid45实体单元,该单元具有可同时考虑应变、应力以及大变形等特性,能够较好地满足球阀结构模态分析及振动分析的要求。此外,球阀材料属性可视为各向同性,输入的阀体结构属性参数分别为:密度7850 kg/m³,杨氏模量2.1×1011 Pa,泊松比0.3。
(2)设置合理的边界约束条件形式。实际工作状态下,球阀进出口法兰均通过螺栓与外部水管路系统进行连接,所以在球阀进出口法兰端面的螺栓连接处,建立三向弹簧单元Combine14与梁单元Beam188来模拟实际螺栓连接。通过建立周向均匀分布的8个三向弹簧单元组来模拟球阀与螺栓结合部的接触特性,单个三向弹簧单元组包含了球阀法兰结合面在1个法向与2个切向上的刚度特性[12-13]。赋予三向弹簧单元相应的刚度,并将弹簧的另一侧进行全约束以模拟球阀接入外部水管路系统。
(3)采用边界修正法不断调整三向弹簧刚度。由于弹簧的刚度无法直接得到,需将仿真的干湿模态结果与实验模态对比分析。以实测数据为基准,不断地调整弹簧刚度,当干湿模态仿真计算结果与实测数据的误差低于8%时,方可确定最终的边界条件参数。复杂边界参数反演修正法的流程图如图3所示。
(4)在赋予相应材料属性并确定准确的边界参数后,将Hypermesh接口切换到Ansys环境下进行各组件赋值,最后导出cdb格式文件以进行后续的模态与流致振动计算。在验证网格无关性的基础上,最终确定2D单元采用混合单元类型,3D单元采用四面体网格,网格总数为913 938,球阀结构有限元模型如图2所示。
球阀模态是球阀结构所固有的振动特性,通过球阀模态分析可以获取球阀结构在其固有频率处的模态振型,从而预测结构受到流体脉动压力作用下的振动响应,以及判断是否会产生共振现象[14-16]。湿模态分析则需要考虑内部流体的影响,由于内部流体与阀体内面存在流固耦合作用,使得球阀的动力学特性会发生一定变化,进而影响到球阀的固有频率。
本文采用力锤法进行模态测试,通过力锤敲击阀体结构引起球阀振动响应以获取相应的传递函数,最终通过对频响函数曲线的分析得出球阀固有频率,并整理固有频率点处的模态振型。采用PULSE模态测试系统,测试前需依据测试点对所测球阀建模,使其能够较好地反映出球阀模态振型。由于实际球阀结构存在较多曲面以及倒角,限制了测试传感器的安装数量,因此模态测试过程中球阀结构表面共包含测试点31个,球阀模态测点及现场测试示意图如图4所示。
同时采用有限元法对管道系统中的球阀模态进行仿真计算,由于弹簧的刚度无法直接得到,需将得到的干湿模态仿真结果与实验模态对比分析,采用边界参数修正方法不断地调整弹簧刚度,一旦计算得到的干湿模态结果与实验测得模态结果误差小于8%,其对应的弹簧刚度数据即为球阀约束边界条件参数,将用于流致振动计算分析。
表1为球阀干模态仿真与测试数据对比结果,表2为球阀湿模态仿真与测试数据对比结果,可以发现:仿真结果与测试数据误差除在第二阶固有频率处稍大些,其他阶数下固有频率值吻合较好;且第二阶干模态仿真误差为7.32%,湿模态仿真误差为7.46%,也在工程允许范围之内。
结合球阀干湿模态测试数据与仿真结果的对比结果,最终确定球阀进出口三向弹簧的刚度值如表3所示。这里,Z方向为球阀进出口流动方向,Y方向为垂向,X方向为平行于地面且垂直于进出口流动方向。图5为有限元计算所得管道系统中球阀的干湿模态振型,由图可以看出,第一、三、四、五阶振型主要表现为Y方向的振动,第二阶振型主要为X方向的振动,第六阶振型主要为Z方向的振动。
球阀内流体与阀体内壁面之间存在的流固耦合作用对于球阀的结构响应有着很大影响,若要探究球阀在流体激振力作用下的流致振动特性,首先需进行各工况下阀内流场分析[17-18]。通过Fluent对球阀内流场仿真计算,分析不同球阀开度及质量流量下阀内流体的速度、涡量及压力的分布特性,为流致振动特性研究奠定基础。
考虑到边界条件对流场求解精度的影响,为了能够最大限度地提高流场求解的准确性,在球阀入口端延伸5D长度的直管段以获得充分发展的湍流,出口端延伸长度为10D的直管段以使球阀出口端流体能够充分流动,D为直管段直径。在验证网格无关性的基础上,兼顾流场计算的精度与计算效率,最终确定球阀流场计算模型的网格总数为287万。图6为球阀流场计算模型。
入口边界设置为11.33 kg/s的质量流量入口,出口边界设置为压力出口,静压为0 MPa,参考压力为1.2 MPa。在Fluent中进行流场计算,求解N-S方程,为保证计算精确度,细化边界层网格使y+小于1,采用SST k-ω方法计算稳态流场后使用大涡模拟(large eddy simulation,LES)计算瞬态流场。球阀阀芯的转动角度为0°至90°,因此分别设置球阀开度为18°、36°、54°以及72°,对比图7所示的不同开度下流场速度云图可发现:随着开度的增大,阀内流体整体流速有所降低,阀芯位置的低流速区明显减少;开度越小,阀芯位置速度梯度越大,湍流漩涡越明显,流场扰动越明显。结合图8所示的阀内流场涡量云图可知:开度为18°与36°时,阀内通流面积极小,在阀芯位置极易产生高速射流,由于射流与周围流体存在强烈的剪切作用,使得在阀芯位置出现剧烈且复杂的漩涡;而开度为54°与72°时,通流面积大幅增大,漩涡明显减少,仅在阀芯出口侧靠近阀芯结构边缘处以及阀芯内部存在较小范围的涡流运动。
结合图9所示的静压压力云图可知:随着开度的减小,压力梯度增大。在阀芯入口侧靠近阀芯结构边缘位置,通流面积的减小极大地阻碍了流体的流动,导致该位置处流体压力梯度增大,流体压力出现峰值,这是引起球阀振动响应的重要因素之一。
保持球阀开度为54°不变,改变球阀入口质量流量,研究不同质量流量对阀内流场的影响。这里分别设置球阀的入口质量流量为11.33 kg/s、20.94 kg/s、31.42 kg/s以及41.83 kg/s。根据图10图11所示的不同入口质量流量下阀内的速度云图与涡量云图可知:随着质量流量的增加,阀内流体流速增大,流体流速最高的位置在阀芯出口侧,质量流量为41.83 kg/s时该位置处的流速最高为9.776 m/s,且在该位置处出现明显的湍流漩涡,且涡量值随质量流量的增大而增大。最大流速与主要涡量发生位置具有较好的一致性,质量流量变化仅改变阀内速度与涡量大小,并不影响阀内主要速度与涡量分布位置。阀体开度形成的流场特征对于涡量以及最大速度分布位置具有绝对影响,对比不同开度同一质量流量的流场结果可得到证明。
结合图12所示的压力云图可发现:(1)在阀芯出口侧靠近阀芯结构表面位置,存在较大面积的低压区域,且该位置处的速度梯度与压力梯度较大。这是由于一方面该位置处受到流经阀芯主流区的高流速流体的剪切力与粘性力作用,另一方面出口端有流体不断向低压区的该位置补充导致回流。(2)在阀芯入口侧靠近阀芯结构表面位置,存在一个面积相对较小的高压区,这是由于近壁面处阀体内壁与阀芯的阻碍作用使局部流体流速急剧下降,动能转换为压力势能所引起的。
本文基于单向耦合原理采用结构有限元方法对球阀流致振动进行研究。首先建立球阀结构的有限元模型,基于有限体积法采用大涡模拟(LES)计算,得到流体作用在阀体内壁面上的脉动压力,瞬态流场计算步长为0.000 25 s,计算步数为2000步,满足采样定理,残差为1×10-9;其次通过插值算法将流体脉动载荷压力映射到球阀有限元模型上,然后将时域下的脉动载荷进行快速傅里叶变换(FFT)以转换成频域下的载荷压力;最后利用有限元方法求解球阀流致振动响应,并研究分析开度以及质量流量的改变对流致振动特性的影响规律。
为尽可能避免水管路系统中由于泵、弯管等结构在工作状态下产生气泡从而对球阀振动响应的测试造成误差,实际测试过程中通过压力水箱对水管路系统进行加压,压力为1.2 MPa。测试过程中固定球阀开度为60°,入口质量流量为31.42 kg/s,采用单向加速度传感器监测球阀的入口端、阀体侧面以及出口端的振动响应信号,并将仿真结果与测试数据进行对比。图13为球阀振动响应的测点分布示意图,测点1为球阀入口端测点,测点2为阀体侧面测点,测点3为球阀出口端测点。
表4所示分别为球阀入口端、阀体侧面以及出口端振动响应总振级的实测数据、仿真数据及误差,图14所示分别为球阀入口端、阀体侧面以及出口端的流致振动响应频谱的仿真与实验结果对比。由表4可知,振动响应总振级的实测与计算结果误差在16.5%左右。由图14可知,仿真与试验两者响应频谱的总体变化趋势吻合较好,部分峰值数据存在一定差异;低频吻合较好,频率增大时两者频谱级差异较大。分析其原因:一是由于实验过程中水管路系统的泵、弯道与环境等振动源难以避免地对球阀流致振动测试结果有一定的影响;二是管泵阀耦合流动系统存在特征共振峰,单一阀体流场模拟未能准确获取阀体在系统中共振频段的脉动压力变化;三是因为流体在泵阀管路中的实际流动状态与Fluent流场数值计算结果存在区别;四是因为球阀为复合结构,建模时整体结构特别是连接处存在一定简化;五是因为通过边界修正法得到的三向弹簧刚度与实际安装时管泵阀耦合条件仍存在一定误差。以上结果说明,通过边界参数法不断修正得到的边界条件能够较好地模拟出球阀实际运行工况下的安装情况,同时也表明本文基于单向流固耦合方法求解球阀流致振动响应的准确性与可行性。
基于不同开度下的稳态流场分析,对给定开度下球阀瞬态流场进行计算以获取阀体内壁面流体脉动载荷信息。设置计算时间步长为0.000 25 s,计算时间步为2000步,残差设置为1E-9,采用流固单项耦合方法研究开度的变化对球阀流致振动的影响规律。
图15为不同开度下球阀入口端、阀体侧面以及出口端的流致振动响应对比结果。可以发现:在各测点位置,不同开度下的球阀振动响应整体变化趋势基本相同;随着球阀开度的减小,球阀的入口端、阀体侧面以及出口端的振动加速度级均有所增大。结合前面不同开度下球阀内部的流场分析,在入口质量流量保持不变时,开度的减小会导致阀内流速及速度梯度增大,湍流漩涡越明显。此外,开度的减小同样会引起阀内压力梯度的增大,压力分布越发不均匀,通流面积的减小也会使得阀体内壁面受到的流体脉动压力增大,进而导致阀体振动响应增大。
值得注意的是,在球阀开度为54°与72°时,阀体不同位置的振动响应整体幅值相差较小,但开度为72°时阀体的振动响应波动较大。原因是开度为72°时,由图7图9可知,靠近阀芯结构边缘处的速度梯度与压力梯度较大,使得阀体振动响应受到流体的扰动较为敏感。不同开度下阀体的振动响应峰值对应的频率点极为接近,说明开度的变化对球阀振动响应峰值频率的影响较小。
入口的质量流量同样是影响球阀流致振动响应的重要因素,在相同定开度下质量流量的改变,会影响单位面积上流体作用于阀体内表面的载荷大小。
通过分析图16所示的不同质量流量下球阀进出口端以及阀体侧面的振动响应可发现:在给定开度下,随着质量流量的增大,球阀入口端、阀体侧面以及出口端的振动响应均有所增大;不同质量流量下振动响应整体变化趋势基本相同,峰值所对应的频率点也基本一致,说明质量流量的增大只会使流体作用于阀体内壁面上的脉动压力增大,进而使得阀体振动响应增大,而对峰值出现的频率点无明显影响,且振动响应峰值所对应的频率点与球阀固有频率密切相关。
本文通过三向弹簧与梁单元模型模拟球阀进出口法兰端面的实际螺栓连接,通过实验测得的干湿模态数据进行边界约束刚度反演与修正,并在流场特性分析的基础上,研究了质量流量及球阀开度对管路系统中球阀流致振动特性的影响。结果表明:
(1)球阀实测干湿模态结果与仿真得到的固有频率值吻合良好,证明采用三向弹簧与梁单元模型能够较好地模拟水管路中球阀的实际安装边界条件,并保证了后续计算结果的准确性。
(2)随着球阀开度的减小,阀内流体速度梯度、压力梯度以及流场扰动增大。在小开度下,阀内通流面积极小,在阀芯位置极易产生高速射流与剧烈且复杂的漩涡。
(3)随着质量流量的增加,同一位置处涡量值增大。在阀芯出口侧位置流体流速最高,湍流漩涡明显。质量流量变化仅改变阀内速度与涡量大小,并不影响阀内主要速度与涡量分布位置,而阀体开度形成的流场特征对于涡量以及最大速度分布位置具有绝对影响。
(4)在球阀的入口端、阀体侧面以及出口端位置,不同开度下的球阀振动响应整体变化趋势基本相同,开度的变化对球阀振动响应峰值对应频率的影响较小;随着球阀开度的减小,各测点位置的振动加速度级均有所增大。
(5)在给定开度下,不同质量流量时球阀入口端、阀体侧面与出口端壁面振动响应整体变化趋势基本相同。质量流量的增大会使流体作用于阀体内壁面上的脉动压力增大,进而使得阀体振动响应增大,而对峰值出现的频率点无明显影响,且振动响应峰值所对应的频率点与球阀固有频率密切相关。
  • 国家自然科学基金海洋声学基础研究项目(52241101)
  • 核反应堆系统设计技术重点实验室资助(HT-KFKT-02-2019008)
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2025年第29卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.015
  • 接收时间:2024-08-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-26
基金
国家自然科学基金海洋声学基础研究项目(52241101)
核反应堆系统设计技术重点实验室资助(HT-KFKT-02-2019008)
作者信息
    1.中国核动力研究设计院,成都 610218
    2.哈尔滨工程大学 动力与能源工程学院,哈尔滨 150001

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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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