Article(id=1243304970418762243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724428800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774356604436, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774356604436, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774356604436, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774356604436, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243304968753623545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='2', pageStart='171', pageEnd='335', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774356604040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774356967523, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243306493370544137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243306493370544138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=209, endPage=218, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243304970687197703, articleId=1243304970418762243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Influence of current velocity and flow angle on the motion response and towing tension of semi-submersible drilling platforms under towing conditions, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to accurately evaluate the influence of irregular current load on the safety of semi-submersible platform towing operation, based on the coupled time-domain analysis theory and potential flow theory, this paper presents an analysis of the influence of different current velocities and flow angles on the dynamic response and towing tension of semi-submersible platform towing under the same wave environment and towing speed through the semi-submersible platform-towing-tug coupling dynamic model. The results show that under certain wind and wave conditions, the current velocity and flow direction angle have little influence on the heave and pitch of the platform, but have great influence on the roll and towing tension. With the increase of flow velocity and flow direction angle, the platform heave gradually increases, with the platform roll and pitch angles under different flow velocities and flow angles fluctuating within ± 3.5°. The maximum towing tension is obtained when the flow angle is 90°. Therefore, the angle of 90° between the heading and the flow direction should be avoided during the towing process, and it is not suitable for towing when the flow rate reaches 1 m/s.

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为准确评估不规则海流载荷对半潜平台拖航作业安全性的影响,本文基于耦合时域分析理论和势流理论,通过半潜平台-拖缆-拖船耦合动力学模型,对相同波浪环境和拖航速度下不同的海流速度和流向角对半潜平台拖航运动响应及拖缆张力的影响进行分析。研究表明:风浪条件一定的情况下,海流速度和流向角对平台垂荡和纵摇影响较小,对横摇和拖缆张力影响较大;随着流速和流向角的增大,平台垂荡逐渐增大且增幅不断扩大;不同流速和流向角下的平台横摇和纵摇角都在±3.5°内波动;拖缆张力最大值在流向角90°时取得,因此拖航过程中应避免航向与流向呈90°夹角,且当流速达到1 m/s时不宜进行拖航。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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张涛(1998-),男,硕士研究生

白旭(1984-),男,教授,博士生导师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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figureFileBig=pfztc3u38Q6kUKdxpf4sDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304984448709566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304970418762243, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同工况下半潜平台主拖缆张力时历曲线图和特征值, figureFileSmall=9O/Qiiv99JoBxm8zSKOGDg==, figureFileBig=pfztc3u38Q6kUKdxpf4sDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304984528401347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304970418762243, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Main parameters of semi-submersible platform

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名/单位数值参数名/单位数值
总长/m91.5吃水/m15.0
立柱高/m59.0质量/t65363
立柱宽/m21.0重心/m35.03
立柱中心间距/m70.5惯性半径R-xx/m38.69
浮筒长/m49.5惯性半径R-yy/m41.42
浮筒宽/m21.0惯性半径R-zz/m42.55
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半潜平台主要参数

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参数名/单位数值参数名/单位数值
总长/m91.5吃水/m15.0
立柱高/m59.0质量/t65363
立柱宽/m21.0重心/m35.03
立柱中心间距/m70.5惯性半径R-xx/m38.69
浮筒长/m49.5惯性半径R-yy/m41.42
浮筒宽/m21.0惯性半径R-zz/m42.55
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Main parameters of towing cable

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拖缆缆号长度/m直径/m湿重/(kg·m-1破断张力/MN
辅拖缆6500.08223.34.63
主拖缆603.80.10437.46.36
主拖分缆520.09229.35.84
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拖缆主要参数

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拖缆缆号长度/m直径/m湿重/(kg·m-1破断张力/MN
辅拖缆6500.08223.34.63
主拖缆603.80.10437.46.36
主拖分缆520.09229.35.84
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Operating parameters

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参数数值参数数值
波浪谱类型JONSWAP风谱类型API
有义波高/m4.89平均风速/(m·s-120
谱峰周期/s10.64
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工况参数

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参数数值参数数值
波浪谱类型JONSWAP风谱类型API
有义波高/m4.89平均风速/(m·s-120
谱峰周期/s10.64
), ArticleFig(id=1243304986625553370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304970418762243, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison of free decay results

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参数/单位文献[20]模型试验本文数值模拟
垂荡/m23.1723.00
横摇/(°)44.9045.70
纵摇/(°)45.4445.90
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自由衰减结果对比

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参数/单位文献[20]模型试验本文数值模拟
垂荡/m23.1723.00
横摇/(°)44.9045.70
纵摇/(°)45.4445.90
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海流对半潜式平台拖航运动响应和拖缆张力影响研究
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张涛 , 白旭 , 栗铭鑫
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025,29(2): 209-218
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025, 29(2): 209-218
海流对半潜式平台拖航运动响应和拖缆张力影响研究
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张涛, 白旭 , 栗铭鑫
作者信息
  • 江苏科技大学 船舶与海洋工程学院,江苏 镇江 212003
  • 张涛(1998-),男,硕士研究生

    白旭(1984-),男,教授,博士生导师,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Influence of current velocity and flow angle on the motion response and towing tension of semi-submersible drilling platforms under towing conditions
Tao ZHANG, Xu BAI , Ming-xin LI
Affiliations
  • School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
出版时间: 2025-02-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.005
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为准确评估不规则海流载荷对半潜平台拖航作业安全性的影响,本文基于耦合时域分析理论和势流理论,通过半潜平台-拖缆-拖船耦合动力学模型,对相同波浪环境和拖航速度下不同的海流速度和流向角对半潜平台拖航运动响应及拖缆张力的影响进行分析。研究表明:风浪条件一定的情况下,海流速度和流向角对平台垂荡和纵摇影响较小,对横摇和拖缆张力影响较大;随着流速和流向角的增大,平台垂荡逐渐增大且增幅不断扩大;不同流速和流向角下的平台横摇和纵摇角都在±3.5°内波动;拖缆张力最大值在流向角90°时取得,因此拖航过程中应避免航向与流向呈90°夹角,且当流速达到1 m/s时不宜进行拖航。

海流速度  /  流向角  /  半潜平台  /  运动响应  /  拖缆张力

In order to accurately evaluate the influence of irregular current load on the safety of semi-submersible platform towing operation, based on the coupled time-domain analysis theory and potential flow theory, this paper presents an analysis of the influence of different current velocities and flow angles on the dynamic response and towing tension of semi-submersible platform towing under the same wave environment and towing speed through the semi-submersible platform-towing-tug coupling dynamic model. The results show that under certain wind and wave conditions, the current velocity and flow direction angle have little influence on the heave and pitch of the platform, but have great influence on the roll and towing tension. With the increase of flow velocity and flow direction angle, the platform heave gradually increases, with the platform roll and pitch angles under different flow velocities and flow angles fluctuating within ± 3.5°. The maximum towing tension is obtained when the flow angle is 90°. Therefore, the angle of 90° between the heading and the flow direction should be avoided during the towing process, and it is not suitable for towing when the flow rate reaches 1 m/s.

current velocity  /  flow direction angle  /  semi-submersible platform  /  motion response  /  towing tension
张涛, 白旭, 栗铭鑫. 海流对半潜式平台拖航运动响应和拖缆张力影响研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (2) : 209 -218 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.005
Tao ZHANG, Xu BAI, Ming-xin LI. Influence of current velocity and flow angle on the motion response and towing tension of semi-submersible drilling platforms under towing conditions[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (2) : 209 -218 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.005
在深水油气生产行业中,半潜式钻井平台因其广泛的适用范围和良好的稳定性而备受关注,被认为具有重大发展潜力[1]。然而,由于部分半潜平台缺乏自航能力,需要拖船牵引进入作业海域。在拖航过程中,平台的稳定性和安全性受风、浪、流等复杂环境的严重威胁,因此在平台拖航作业过程中,通常选择在风力和波浪较为缓和的气象条件下进行,然而沿途海域海流速度的大小以及流向角变化无法控制。以钻井平台“深海一号”拖航为例,航线中的台湾海峡由于存在高速横流和水深仅为20 m的浅水段,一直以来都是国内海洋工程界公认的拖航高难度海域。因此探究不同海流速度和流向角变化对半潜式钻井平台拖航运动响应及拖缆张力的影响,对深入掌握半潜平台拖航运动规律,提高拖航作业安全性具有重要意义。
目前对不同环境载荷作用下半潜平台拖航运动响应影响的研究主要集中在波浪载荷、拖缆属性以及拖航方式等方面,针对海流速度以及流向角的研究较少。Park等[2]通过试验测试和数值模拟,研究了沉箱湿拖作业过程中的运动特性,分析了平静水面和顶浪条件下拖带速度、吃水和初始纵倾变化对沉箱拖带稳定性和拖带有效功率的影响;Zhang等[3]通过建立浮式风力机拖带数值模型,分析了吃水深度、拖航速度和波浪高度对风力机基础和拖带系统稳定性的影响;Han等[4]通过数值模拟研究了张力腿平台在平静水面和顶浪条件下的运动特性,分析了风机平台在拖航状态和系泊状态下波浪载荷、风浪夹角和水深对平台运动响应和系泊缆张力的影响;Huo等[5]通过实验测试和数值模拟研究了半潜平台在不同波浪条件下的拖带性能,分析了波浪高度和波浪周期对平台砰击压力的影响;丁红岩等[6]通过数值模拟研究了新型测风塔在拖航过程中的运动特性,分析了波浪高度、拖缆长度以及波浪角对拖带系统运动响应的影响;任建宇等[7]通过数值模拟研究了三浮筒型式和四浮筒型式的全潜型浮式风机在不同波浪条件下的拖带性能,分析了海流速度大小对浮式风机拖航运动性能的影响,但忽略了海流流向角变化的影响。
半潜平台由于水线面积大的特点,在海流速度过大的海况下,如果忽视海流作用势必会引起平台运动响应的计算/预判误差[8]。因此,本文针对半潜式钻井平台拖航过程,建立半潜平台-拖缆-拖船耦合动力学模型,在不规则风载荷和波浪载荷的作用下,考虑海流载荷的影响,分析不同海流速度和流向角变化对半潜平台拖航过程中平台拖航运动响应及拖缆张力变化的影响,为拖航工程的安全性分析提供参考。
半潜平台在SESAM软件中的耦合时域运动方程[9]如下所示:
式中,FTi为第i个自由度上的总外力,Mij是半潜平台的质量惯性力系数。是半潜平台在浪涌、摇摆等运动中的加速度,j=1,2,3,4,5,6;是水动力,是风力,是牵引力,是粘性力;m0为半潜平台的质量,zG为重心纵坐标,Iii为质量转动惯量,i=1,2,3。
流载荷是指海流作用在海洋工程结构物上所产生的载荷,其中在对海洋结构物拖航作业进行作业环境评估时,海流流速应取为在拖航作业沿途海域范围内可能出现的最大流速值,还应考虑作业海域流速的流向角分布[10]。作用于半潜平台拖航过程中的流载荷按下式计算:
式中,不同的k值代表半潜平台的各个自由度,C1为线性流载荷系数,C2为二次流载荷系数,u为拖航过程中的半潜平台与海流之间的相对速度,v1v2分别为海流的横向和纵向速度分量,分别为半潜平台的横向和纵向的速度分量,α为半潜平台运动方向与海流向角之间的夹角。
风载荷是指风作用在结构物上所产生的载荷,当拖航系统运动时,风对海洋结构物迎风面和背风面分别产生正向压力和负向压力[11]。风载荷的计算公式为
式中,Fwind为风力,Mwind为风力矩,Cdw表示风力系数,ρa表示空气密度,Aa表示风在结构物上的投影面积,U表示风相对于结构物运动的相对速度,L表示风力作用点到结构物重心的距离。
半潜平台采用三维势流理论[12]。假设流体不可压缩、无旋,从而速度势φ需要满足的边界条件有
式中,d为水深,
拖缆采用Morison公式[13]计算波浪力,方程扩展形式为
式中,f是流体的力,Δ是被物体置换的流体质量,af是流体相对于地球的加速度,Ca是物体的附加质量系数,ar是流体相对于物体的加速度,ρ是水的密度,vr是流体相对于物体的速度,Cd是物体的阻力系数,A是阻力面积。
拖缆采用集中质量法进行载荷计算,建立的平衡方程为
式中,Mi为节点i的质量,ai为节点i加速度矢量,Wi表示节点i所受重力,FTiFTi - 1表示链索元ii-1产生的矢量,FAiFDNiFDTi表示与节点i有关的流体惯性力、法向阻力和切向力。
选取“深海一号”半潜平台[14]为研究对象,采用SESAM软件进行数值仿真计算,相关参数如表1所示。平台拖航方式选择一主拖和两辅拖的方式并拖,拖缆系统由5根钢缆构成,相关参数如表2所示,平台湿拖作业拖船配置图及拖带系统耦合分析模型图如图1所示。设置拖航速度4节,仿真时间为3 h,选择拖航稳定后1000~4000 s时间段的数据进行分析。
环境工况选择中国南海台湾海峡附近海域[15],波浪条件设置为有义波高4.89 m,波浪方向根据文献[16]选取180°(顶浪),风速根据《海上拖航指南》[17]设置为20 m/s,海风方向为180°(顶风)。为研究海流速度大小及不同流向角对半潜平台湿拖作业下运动响应及拖缆张力的影响,根据文献[18]设置的三种表面流速分别为常规海况(0.2 m/s、0.5 m/s)与极端海况(1.0 m/s),同时设置海流流向角从0°至180°,每隔45°取一个工况进行计算。计算海流载荷时的海流方向与拖航方向如图2所示,具体工况参数见表3
通过自由衰减运动的数值模拟,可以验证耦合数值模拟方法在浮式结构物水动力求解问题上的可靠性[19]。为了验证数值模型的正确性,本文通过对平台施加初始偏移值(垂荡、横摇、纵摇位移分别为-1.26 m、-2.70°、2.10°),对平台模型进行了三自由度自由衰减运动数值模拟,将计算结果与文献[20]中的水池试验数据结果进行比较可知,本文建立的耦合分析模型与已有的试验数据误差较小,可靠度较高。平台垂荡、横摇、纵摇自由衰减运动响应结果对比如图3所示,运动响应自由衰减结果对比结果见表4
图4所示,半潜平台垂荡运动随流向角增大而增大,从0°-180°垂荡最大值增幅分别为1.30%、3.31%、3.42%、1.50%;流向角对横摇运动的影响极大,横摇最大值和最小值均在流向角为90°时取得,分别为0.74°和−0.39°;流向角对纵摇运动的影响较小,幅值在±3°之间波动。
图5所示,半潜平台垂荡运动随流向角增大而增大且增幅相较流速0.2 m/s更大,从0°-180°垂荡最大值增幅分别为2.27%、5.66%、5.79%、2.53%;流向角对横摇运动的影响极大,横摇最大值和最小值均在流向角为90°时取得,分别为1.28°和−0.90°,相较流速0.2 m/s增幅分别达到73%、231%;流向角对纵摇运动的影响较小,幅值在±3°之间波动,相较流速0.2 m/s变化不大。
图6所示,半潜平台垂荡运动随流向角增大而增大,从0°-180°垂荡最大值增幅分别为4.84%、8.67%、2.72%、3.26%,垂荡最大值变化规律相较流速0.2 m/s与0.5 m/s时更加明显,在180°(顶流)时取得;流向角对横摇运动的影响极大,横摇最大值和最小值与流速0.5 m/s、0.2 m/s时一致,均在流向角为90°时取得,分别为3.45°和−3.36°,相较流速0.5 m/s增幅达到269%、373%;流向角对纵摇运动的影响较小,幅值在±3.5°之间波动,相较流速0.5 m/s、0.2 m/s变化较小。
总体而言,由图4-6可知:
(1)流速对半潜平台垂荡运动影响较小,当水面流速为0.2 m/s、0.5 m/s、1.0 m/s时,相较上一级流速,垂荡最大值增幅分别为2.49%、5.20%,最小值增幅为2.59%、3.23%;另外流向角变化对垂荡运动影响较小,垂荡最大值和最小值均随流向角增大而增大,呈向上阶梯型。垂荡最大值和最小值均在表面流速1.0 m/s和流向角180°海况下取得,分别为1.52 m和-1.86 m。
(2)流速对半潜平台横摇运动影响较大,当水面流速为0.2 m/s、0.5 m/s、1.0 m/s时,相较上一级流速,横摇最大值增幅分别为72.80%、168.52%,最小值增幅为133.35%、273.48%;另外流向角对横摇运动的影响极大,横摇最大值和最小值均在流向角90°时取得,呈凸字型。横摇最大值和最小值均在表面流速1.0 m/s和流向角90°海况下取得,分别为3.45°、-3.36°,满足对拖航过程规定的结构物倾角位移≤5°的要求。
(3)流速对半潜平台纵摇运动影响较小,当水面流速为0.2 m/s、0.5 m/s、1.0 m/s时,相较上一级流速,纵摇最大值增幅分别为0.22%、15.32%,最小值增幅为0.10%、4.51%;另外流向角对纵摇运动的影响也较小,纵摇最大值和最小值幅值波动均较小,均在±3°左右,满足对拖航过程规定的结构物倾角位移≤5°的要求。
在拖航作业过程中,主拖缆承受着拖船对平台施加的主要牵引力,因此主拖缆的张力变化直接影响到拖船对平台的控制和操纵能力,进而影响平台的稳定性和安全性,所以对拖带系统的张力分析以主拖缆为例。
图7所示,流速对半潜平台拖缆张力的影响较大,当水面流速为0.2 m/s、0.5 m/s、1.0 m/s时,主拖缆张力最大值增幅分别为10.72%、41.78%,最小值增幅为9.37%、-9.75%;另外主拖缆张力受流向角变化更大,当流速增大到0.5 m/s及1.0 m/s时主拖缆张力最大值和最小值均在流向角为90°时取得,分别为4.24 MN、0.92 MN。根据参考文献[21],正常作业情况下,拖缆所承受的载荷应不超过其破断载荷的50%。而当水面流速达到1.0 m/s时,各个流向角下的张力最大值均超过主拖缆破断力(6.36 MN)的50%,因此该拖带系统在这种工况下是较为危险的,需避免在该海流速度下进行拖航作业。
本文选取“深海一号”半潜式钻井平台为研究对象,运用SESAM软件建立了半潜平台-拖缆-拖船耦合动力学模型。在风载荷和波浪载荷的共同作用下,考虑复杂海流载荷的影响,分析了不同海流速度和流向角对拖航过程中半潜平台运动响应和主拖缆张力的影响,得到的结论如下:
(1)随着流速的增大,半潜平台垂荡和主拖缆张力逐渐增大且增幅逐渐增大,横摇受流速影响极大且增幅极大,纵摇基本没有变化。当水面流速为0.2 m/s、0.5 m/s和1.0 m/s时,相较上一级流速,垂荡最大值增幅分别为2.49%和5.20%;主拖缆张力最大值增幅分别为10.72%和41.78%;横摇最大值增幅分别为72.80%和168.52%;纵摇最大值变化幅值不超过1°。
(2)随着流向角的增大,半潜平台垂荡逐渐增大,横摇变化极大,纵摇基本没有变化,主拖缆张力变化较小。垂荡最大值皆在流向角180°时取得;横摇最大值皆在流向角90°时取得,呈凸字形;纵摇最大值变化幅值较小;主拖缆张力最大值在流向角为90°时取得。
(3)在数值模拟中半潜平台垂荡最小值为-1.86 m且横摇最大值为3.45°,在实际拖航过程中半潜平台可能存在因吃水过深、倾斜过大而发生触礁等意外事故。另外在流向角90°海况下,半潜平台拖缆在横向海流载荷的作用下承受巨大张力,超出常规负荷范围,容易发生拖缆断裂等危害事故,因此在拖航过程中应避免航向与流向呈90°夹角。
综上所述,海流速度以及流向角对半潜平台湿拖作业下的运动响应和拖缆张力均有显著影响。平台运动响应的幅值拖缆张力的大小共同影响着拖航作业的稳定性和安全性。因此,在确定最佳拖航路线时,应考虑沿途海域海流速度大小以及拖航航向与海流方向夹角等因素。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(42276225)
  • 教育部产学合作协同育人项目(231103416220931)
  • 江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX22-1959)
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2025年第29卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.005
  • 接收时间:2024-08-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-24
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42276225)
教育部产学合作协同育人项目(231103416220931)
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX22-1959)
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    江苏科技大学 船舶与海洋工程学院,江苏 镇江 212003

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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