Article(id=1243304969537958394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723651200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774356604226, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774356604226, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774356604226, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774356604226, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243304968753623545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='2', pageStart='171', pageEnd='335', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774356604040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774356967523, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243306493370544137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243306493370544138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243304968753623545, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=277, endPage=287, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243304970280350209, articleId=1243304969537958394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Interaction formulae of ultimate strength for stiffened panels under combined loads, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In ships’voyaging conditions, the global hull girder is subjected to the combination action of cargo loads on ship decks, still water moment and wave moment on hull bottom, and correspondingly partial ship stiffened panels suffer complex loads including longtudinal, transverse forces and pressures. Lateral loads could to some degree influence the ultimate compressive strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Thus, it is needed to establish the interaction formulae of ultimate strength for stiffened panels under combined loads. The stiffened panel structures in hull bottom of bulk carrier was selected as the research object. Based on the two-bays-and-two-spans geometrical extent model of stiffened panel with periodic boundary conditions, a nonlinear numerical method was employed to investigate the interaction formulae of ultimate strength for hull girder structures under longitudinal, transverse and lateral loads. It is found that lateral loads always reduce the ultimate strength in longitudinal and transverse directions, meanwhile the larger the lateral loads are, the more the ultimate strength decreases. It is suggested to increase stiffener size and plate thickness for improving the longitudinal and transverse ultimate strength under lateral pressures, respectively. The interaction formulae were developed to assess the ultimate strength of stiffened panels under combined loads and the interaction relationship of ultimate strength under multiple loads. It can be used to perform rapid calculation on the structural strength design under complex combined loads.

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船舶航行时整体船体梁受到货物装载载荷、船底吃水静水弯矩与波浪弯矩等组合载荷联合作用,而其局部船体加筋板结构则承受面内纵向、横向与面外压力载荷等三向载荷联合作用。侧向载荷的大小不同程度地影响加筋板面内的纵向与横向承载能力,故需建立组合载荷共同加载条件下的加筋板极限强度相互关系式。本文以散货轮船底结构为研究对象,采用对称循环边界的双跨双弯几何范围加筋板模型,应用非线性有限元法分析实船连续船体结构遭受横向、纵向与侧向等组合载荷联合作用时的极限强度相互影响规律。通过研究发现,通常侧向载荷降低加筋板结构纵向与横向极限承载力,且板柔度越小则降低越大,同时建议分别通过增大型材尺寸与板材厚度提高侧压作用下的纵向与横向极限承载力,并提出组合载荷联合作用下的加筋板极限强度相互关系表达式。该方法可评估纵向、横向与侧向载荷联合作用下的极限强度相互关系,以开展复合载荷状态下的船舶加筋板结构强度设计的快速评估。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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万琪(1984-),女,硕士,高级工程师

宋召军(1986-),男,博士,副研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:

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caption=三向组合载荷联合作用下的加筋板极限强度相互关系式误差, figureFileSmall=2biCv163uXH4XbrgCVgwWg==, figureFileBig=KayyzBpC86/Mk4XhvvP7IA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243304985027523538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304969537958394, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Structural dimensions of stiffened panels

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模型a/mmb/mmtp/mmhw/mmtw/mmbf/mmtf/mmλβ
P1A111138990120.6523.015
P1A225508501138312100170.2143.015
P2A122138990120.7971.507
P2A22238312100170.2451.507
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加筋板结构尺寸

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模型a/mmb/mmtp/mmhw/mmtw/mmbf/mmtf/mmλβ
P1A111138990120.6523.015
P1A225508501138312100170.2143.015
P2A122138990120.7971.507
P2A22238312100170.2451.507
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Periodic boundary conditions

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构件位置平动转动
uxuyuzθxθyθz
横向首端约束耦合耦合耦合耦合耦合
横向尾端载荷载荷
纵向边缘耦合耦合-耦合约束耦合
纵桁-约束约束-约束约束
横肋-约束约束约束约束-
), ArticleFig(id=1243304986797519838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243304969537958394, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

对称周期边界条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件位置平动转动
uxuyuzθxθyθz
横向首端约束耦合耦合耦合耦合耦合
横向尾端载荷载荷
纵向边缘耦合耦合-耦合约束耦合
纵桁-约束约束-约束约束
横肋-约束约束约束约束-
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组合载荷作用下加筋板极限强度相互关系公式
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万琪 1 , 宋召军 2, 3 , 钱伟 2 , 杨鑫 2 , 李晓彬 2, 3
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025,29(2): 277-287
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025, 29(2): 277-287
组合载荷作用下加筋板极限强度相互关系公式
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万琪1, 宋召军2, 3 , 钱伟2, 杨鑫2, 李晓彬2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院,上海 200011
  • 2.武汉理工大学 船海与能源动力学院,武汉 430063
  • 3.高性能船舶技术教育部重点实验室(武汉理工大学),武汉 430063
  • 万琪(1984-),女,硕士,高级工程师

    宋召军(1986-),男,博士,副研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Interaction formulae of ultimate strength for stiffened panels under combined loads
Qi WAN1, Zhao-jun SONG2, 3 , Wei QIAN2, Xin YANG2, Xiao-bin LI2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Marine Design and Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200011, China
  • 2.School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of High Performance Ship Technology (Wuhan University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430063, China
出版时间: 2025-02-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.011
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船舶航行时整体船体梁受到货物装载载荷、船底吃水静水弯矩与波浪弯矩等组合载荷联合作用,而其局部船体加筋板结构则承受面内纵向、横向与面外压力载荷等三向载荷联合作用。侧向载荷的大小不同程度地影响加筋板面内的纵向与横向承载能力,故需建立组合载荷共同加载条件下的加筋板极限强度相互关系式。本文以散货轮船底结构为研究对象,采用对称循环边界的双跨双弯几何范围加筋板模型,应用非线性有限元法分析实船连续船体结构遭受横向、纵向与侧向等组合载荷联合作用时的极限强度相互影响规律。通过研究发现,通常侧向载荷降低加筋板结构纵向与横向极限承载力,且板柔度越小则降低越大,同时建议分别通过增大型材尺寸与板材厚度提高侧压作用下的纵向与横向极限承载力,并提出组合载荷联合作用下的加筋板极限强度相互关系表达式。该方法可评估纵向、横向与侧向载荷联合作用下的极限强度相互关系,以开展复合载荷状态下的船舶加筋板结构强度设计的快速评估。

组合载荷  /  加筋板  /  极限强度  /  数值仿真  /  相互公式

In ships’voyaging conditions, the global hull girder is subjected to the combination action of cargo loads on ship decks, still water moment and wave moment on hull bottom, and correspondingly partial ship stiffened panels suffer complex loads including longtudinal, transverse forces and pressures. Lateral loads could to some degree influence the ultimate compressive strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Thus, it is needed to establish the interaction formulae of ultimate strength for stiffened panels under combined loads. The stiffened panel structures in hull bottom of bulk carrier was selected as the research object. Based on the two-bays-and-two-spans geometrical extent model of stiffened panel with periodic boundary conditions, a nonlinear numerical method was employed to investigate the interaction formulae of ultimate strength for hull girder structures under longitudinal, transverse and lateral loads. It is found that lateral loads always reduce the ultimate strength in longitudinal and transverse directions, meanwhile the larger the lateral loads are, the more the ultimate strength decreases. It is suggested to increase stiffener size and plate thickness for improving the longitudinal and transverse ultimate strength under lateral pressures, respectively. The interaction formulae were developed to assess the ultimate strength of stiffened panels under combined loads and the interaction relationship of ultimate strength under multiple loads. It can be used to perform rapid calculation on the structural strength design under complex combined loads.

combined loads  /  stiffened panel  /  ultimate strength  /  numerical method  /  interaction formulae
万琪, 宋召军, 钱伟, 杨鑫, 李晓彬. 组合载荷作用下加筋板极限强度相互关系公式. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (2) : 277 -287 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.011
Qi WAN, Zhao-jun SONG, Wei QIAN, Xin YANG, Xiao-bin LI. Interaction formulae of ultimate strength for stiffened panels under combined loads[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (2) : 277 -287 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.011
船舶航行时船体梁结构受力情况较为复杂,受到多种载荷的联合作用,如各层甲板的装载载荷、船底板与舷侧的吃水压力载荷以及总纵弯矩载荷等。对于船体结构主要评估纵向极限强度,然而横向、侧向载荷的存在亦会影响船体的纵向极限承载力,仅考虑受纵向单向载荷的经典极限强度理论,可能无法准确评估出在组合载荷联合作用下的船体加筋板实际极限强度,为此有必要研究组合载荷联合作用下的极限强度交互公式。
Paik等[1](2001)提出了板和加筋板在轴向压缩、弯矩作用、边缘剪切载荷及侧向压力组合作用下的极限强度公式;Paik和Kim[2](2002)提出了在轴向载荷、平面内弯曲和侧向压力联合影响下的加筋板极限强度公式;Fujikubo等[3](2005)提出了在横向和侧向压力作用下考虑板局部屈曲弹性强度和钢板连续性的加筋板极限强度设计公式;Paik等[4-5](2009)通过有限元软件ANSYS分析了光板和加筋板在双轴压缩及侧压作用下的极限强度;崔虎威[6](2011)通过数值法研究了在不同板厚、模型范围、载荷比例情况下,钢质加筋板在不同组合载荷作用时的极限强度;张婧等[7](2013)进行了加筋板在轴向和侧向载荷联合作用下的极限承载力的非线性有限元分析;Shanmugam等[8](2014)通过试验发现板柔度对纵向与侧压力联合作用下加筋极限板的承载力有明显影响,而侧向载荷对加筋板极限承载力的影响与初始缺陷相似;罗刚等[9](2014)数值分析了多向联合作用下侧向压力对加筋板极限强度的影响;陈彦廷等[10]总结了轴向压缩和侧向压力联合作用下的极限强度规律,以及初始缺陷的影响;Xu等[11](2017)应用循环对称边界条件提出了加筋板在纵向载荷和侧向载荷组合作用下的极限强度公式;熊群飞[12](2020)通过研究发现加筋板的纵向极限强度随着横向载荷比例的增大而逐渐减小,但较小的侧向和横向载荷并不会明显降低加筋板的极限强度;Ma等[13](2021)通过有限元法研究发现侧向压力起到抑制加筋板变形的作用时,实际可提高双向载荷和侧向载荷共同作用下的加筋板极限承载力。此外,中国船级社规范[14]的“高级屈曲”分析方法中包括了闭合公式评估方法(CFM)、弹塑性评估方法(EPM)和非线性有限元分析方法(NLFEM),并对组合载荷作用下的初始缺陷、屈曲模式和屈曲能力计算校核都做了相关规定。本文参考船级社规范中的非线性有限元法相关求解规定,并采用与本领域最新的有限元模型研究成果,如模型范围、单元与网格、初始缺陷等设置相近的处理方法,主要差别在于船级社规范中对加筋板格的整体屈曲能力、板的屈曲能力与加强筋的屈曲能力分别进行了校核,未考虑本文研究的组合载荷作用下加筋板整体板筋耦合状态时的极限强度交互公式评估。
目前研究主要针对横向载荷对加筋板结构纵向极限强度的影响及其经验公式,以及横向、纵向载荷联合作用下加筋板极限强度的相互作用。因此,有必要进一步研究多向载荷作用下加筋板极限强度的相互作用关系式,为遭受复杂载荷的实船船体结构极限强度设计提供快速评估参考。
图1所示,选择ISSC 2012[15]中某散货船的船底加筋板,其主尺度规格如表1所示,选择板格尺寸为2550 mm×850 mm,长宽比为3,包括2种板厚,即11 mm(P1)与22 mm(P2)、2种带翼板的角钢,即尺寸为138×9+90×12 mm(A1)和383×12+100×17 mm(A2),以组成不同的板柔度与筋柔度的加筋板。加筋板结构的整体尺寸远大于其厚度,故采用缩减积分的SHELL181壳单元,可考虑结构在面内拉压载荷和面外弯矩载荷联合作用下的力学响应,在厚度方向上采用5个积分点以精确捕捉其屈曲或屈服过程。有限元模型的网格形状尽量接近正方形,其中加筋板板格宽度间划分为16个单元,型材的腹板高度与翼板宽度分别为6个和2个单元。钢材采用理想弹塑性模型,屈服准则为Von Mises准则,屈服应力σy为313.6 MPa,弹性模量E为206 GPa,泊松比为0.3。采用弧长法求解加筋板屈曲崩溃前后的力学响应,获取组合载荷作用下加筋板极限强度。
在实际船舶结构中,加筋板的相邻支撑构件刚度以及模型范围在很大程度上影响着其边界条件。通常认为纵桁和横肋强度足够高,以至于不产生明显的屈曲变形,故在数值模型中采用边界条件予以代替。同时,与单弯双跨模型[16]相比,双弯双跨模型避免了与载荷偏心有关的中心板边界条件问题,且能够考虑横向与纵向支撑结构的影响,并在横向边界采用对称约束且纵向边界上采用周期性边界条件,以模拟连续的实船船体结构约束,从而得到与真实船体梁加筋板相近的极限强度结果,如表2所示。
船体局部加筋板结构承受面内与面外载荷的多向载荷联合作用,如船体梁总纵弯矩产生的纵向压缩、舷侧水压力产生的横向压缩以及船底或平台板受吃水压力或装载载荷产生的侧向压力。通常认为加筋板到达极限承载力前后,加载路径或顺序相对于载荷加载比例对纵向极限强度的影响小得多。考虑船舶在波浪中航行时,船底侧向水压力或装载货物一直伴随着船舶,在此基础上计算船舶遭受波浪载荷的极限承载力,故按顺序分两个载荷步施加:首先施加侧向水压力或装载载荷,产生加筋板的残余应力和应变;其次保持侧向压力恒定,施加面内的双向压缩载荷,直到加筋板到达极限强度状态而发生崩溃破坏。
加筋板在制造、生产和焊接过程中必然会产生初始几何缺陷和焊接残余应力,而焊接残余应力对极限强度的影响相对较小,通常不予考虑。根据2012年ISSC大会的相关规定,初始几何缺陷包含了三种不同类型的变形,即板的局部初始变形、整体初始变形以及加强筋的侧倾初始变形,其计算公式如式(1)~(5)所示。
式中,a为横向主要支撑构件间距,b为纵向加筋板间距,B为纵向主要支撑构件间距,hw为腹板高度。
上述公式计算的初始位移通过ANSYS程序设计语言(APDL)施加在加筋板各相应节点上,经过求解得到带初始几何变形的加筋板数值模型,并通过多载荷步分析计算后续纵向、横向与侧向等组合载荷联合作用下加筋板极限强度。
船底水压和重物装载载荷作用在船舶结构上,且假定船舶航行时保持基本稳定,并与船体梁总纵弯矩引起的纵向压力相互作用,故研究侧向与纵向载荷的相互作用。施加的侧向载荷假定为不同吃水和装载载荷,且装载载荷与吃水压力相互等效。该散货轮设计吃水d=11.2 m,共设置四种不同吃水对应的侧压水平:0、d、2d和3d,对应的侧向压力p分别为0 MPa、0.112 MPa、0.224 MPa和0.336 MPa,其中p=0 MPa是无侧压作用的对照工况。
图2(a)绘制了不同侧向压力载荷作用下的加筋板纵向应力应变曲线,其横坐标为模型的纵向平均压缩应变εx,纵坐标为平均纵向应力σx。平均应力应变曲线的峰值为加筋板纵向极限强度。
图2(a)所示,随着侧向载荷的增加,加筋板纵向残余应力将逐渐增大,其残余量的多少取决于侧向载荷大小与加筋板刚度。换言之,侧向压力越大,加筋板刚度越小,则加筋板侧向压力造成图3所示的侧向挠度变形越大,且纵向残余拉应力亦越大。侧向挠度的增大降低了加筋板承载力,残余拉应力部分中和了施加的压载荷,导致极限状态的加筋板挠度变形增大,从而降低了加筋板极限强度,且加筋板板柔度越低,纵向极限强度降低越显著,如图2(b)所示。因此,仅受面内载荷作用(侧向载荷p=0 MPa)的载荷端缩曲线在加筋板结构屈曲后存在明显的下降段。然而随着侧向载荷p增大,由于侧向挠度变形与残余拉应力逐渐增大,此时纵向压应力主要由纵桁位置的板材承担,而纵桁的影响则采用边界条件进行了约束简化。两者造成加筋板的纵向结构模量减小与承载能力降低,因此p=0.336 MPa的载荷端缩曲线斜率较小而下降段逐渐不明显,且极限强度较小。同时,虽然较小的侧向压力可能增大加筋板纵向极限强度,其取决于加筋板的屈曲模式[17],但通常侧向载荷的增大会减小加筋板纵向极限强度,同时可获得更保守而偏于安全的结果,因此更适合于加筋板的安全性评估。
图2(b)所示,当侧向载荷导致加筋板纵向极限强度明显下降时,可采用型材尺寸或板厚进行加强,当侧向载荷越大时提升效果越明显,同时侧向载荷较小时两者对极限强度的提升可取得相当的效果,但若侧向载荷较大时,则增大型材尺寸的效果更显著,其极限强度的提升大约为23.4%。此时,增大型材尺寸和带板板厚的加筋板横剖面面积分别增加34.0%和80.1%,考虑船体建造的经济效益,可只选择增大型材尺寸,提高加筋板在侧向压力载荷作用下的极限强度。
船底水压和重物装载载荷亦对舷侧横向水压的承载能力产生影响,故与纵向、侧向组合载荷作用的分析过程类似,计算在不同侧压水平的侧向载荷作用下加筋板横向极限强度变化。
图5(a)所示,与纵向、侧向组合载荷相类似,随着侧向载荷的增加,加筋板纵向残余应力将逐渐增大,其残余量的多少取决于侧向载荷大小与加筋板刚度,加筋板横向极限强度逐渐降低,且板柔度越大则横向极限强度下降越大。然而,如图2(b)所示,当没有侧向压力载荷时,通过改变板材或型材的尺寸对横向极限强度的影响较小;而当存在侧向压力载荷时,增大型材尺寸对横向极限强度的提高影响较小,增大板材厚度可显著提高横向极限强度。因此,当侧压载荷作用下的加筋板横向极限强度不足时,需选择增大板材厚度以提高加筋板在侧向压力载荷作用下的横向极限强度。
船舶在航行过程中,底部舷侧吃水造成船底加筋板承受横向载荷,并与总纵弯矩的纵向载荷联合作用。故选用纵横载荷比例为σxσy=1:0、1:0.8、1:0.6、1:0.4、1:0.2、0:1等6组不同比例载荷组合,分析纵向与横向载荷联合作用下的极限强度相互影响,其中1:0、0:1分别代表了加筋板仅受到纵向压缩和横向压缩载荷。
图6以P1A1加筋板为例,绘制了不同比例纵横向加载载荷的应力应变关系曲线,其余规格加筋板(即P1A2、P2A1、P2A2)的曲线相类似。对于纵骨架式加筋板结构,型材可提高加筋板的承载能力,故通常纵向极限强度明显大于横向极限强度。但横向与纵向的应力应变曲线在极限强度处的纵向应变一致,意味着加筋板崩溃时各向载荷同时达到最大值而丧失承载能力。加筋板纵向极限强度随着横向加载载荷比例的不断增大而减小,而屈曲崩溃时的纵向应变减小却极小,故横向极限强度在同步增大,因此横向载荷不同程度地减弱了纵向极限承载力。在船舶结构设计时,要考虑面内横向载荷对纵向极限强度的衰减作用,防止结构发生屈曲崩溃。
挪威船级社(DNV)规范、美国船级社(ABS)规范和BS5400英国桥梁规范均使用二次表达式计算矩形板在纵向与横向面内载荷联合作用下的极限强度[18],如图7(a)所示。
式中,σuxyσuyx分别代表双向应力状态下纵向和横向的极限强度,σuxσuy分别表示单向应力状态下纵向和横向的极限强度。然而,由于纵向型材的影响,加筋板极限强度相互关系公式不再满足此矩形板交互公式,故将此公式的指数改变为待拟合系数,如下所示:
式中,ab是待拟合的相互作用系数。
通过纵向与横向载荷联合作用下加筋板模型极限强度的数值计算结果,采用最小二乘法,得到上述公式中参数ab的拟合值,因此双向载荷联合作用下加筋板极限强度相互关系公式为
图7(b)所示,加筋板数值计算结果与所拟合的极限强度相互作用关系式结果相近,其残差平方和为0.003 48,且决定系数为0.959 61。本文选择的加筋板尺寸考虑了不同板厚、不同型材组合,具有不同代表性的屈曲模式。根据ISSC 2012[15]中双层底加筋板尺寸进行验证,表明采用公式(8)评估加筋板在纵向和横向载荷联合作用下的极限强度相互作用关系时具有普遍适用性与工程可接受的结果误差。
散货轮在航行过程中,船底水压和重物装载载荷作用在船舶结构上,且底部舷侧吃水造成船底加筋板承受横向载荷,并与总纵弯矩的纵向载荷形成三向组合载荷联合作用。故综合考虑上述的纵向与侧向载荷、纵向与横向载荷工况,设定侧向压力p分别为0、0.112 MPa、0.224 MPa和0.336 MPa,且选用纵横载荷比例为σxσy=1:0、1:0.8、1:0.6、1:0.4、1:0.2、0:1等6组不同比例载荷组合,以分析纵向、横向与侧向载荷联合作用下的船体加筋板极限强度。
图8绘制了P2A2加筋板在纵横载荷比σxσy=1:0.6的平均应力应变曲线,其余工况类似。图9绘制了不同比例的横向、纵向和侧向等三向组合载荷联合作用下的极限强度变化曲线。可以看出,横向载荷与纵向载荷的变化趋势相反,随着横向载荷占比的增大,加筋板的横向极限强度逐渐增大,而纵向极限强度却逐渐减小。同时,与纵向、侧向载荷联合作用的极限强度变化规律相似,侧向压力载荷对纵向与横向极限强度的影响与加筋板的屈曲模式有关。然而,在纵向、横向与侧向载荷等三向载荷联合作用下的极限强度通常比仅有纵向与横向、纵向与侧向等两向载荷的极限强度更小,因此复杂的多向载荷联合作用下的极限强度是加筋板屈曲崩溃的最小承载能力。
由于侧向载荷与横向、纵向载荷相比很小,故三向组合载荷联合加载的加筋板极限强度相互作用关系式通过面内的横向与纵向载荷进行表示,而侧向载荷则可用公式参数的变量进行体现[19],且将相互作用系数表达式中的参数与侧向载荷通过线性表达式近似表示,最终其相互关系式如式(9)~(12)所示:
式中,σuxyzσuyxz分别代表三向应力状态下纵向和横向的极限强度,σuxz表示纵向与侧向载荷联合加载的极限强度,σuyz表示横向与侧向载荷联合作用下的极限强度,ab是相互作用系数。
式中,p0为设计吃水(11.2 m)压力,p为实际吃水或装载货物的压力载荷。
经最小二乘法的数据拟合,三向载荷作用下极限强度交互公式的参数为
三向载荷联合作用下加筋板极限强度相互关系公式的误差如图10所示。相互关系公式中存在与侧向压力、板柔度和筋的梁柱柔度等相关的参量,其与三向载荷联合作用的极限强度的关系不再呈现规律性的图形,但相互关系公式中绝大多数计算等式右边的常数与理论值1的误差较小,具有较高精度与收敛性,可以在工程中应用并作为三向组合载荷作用下加筋板各向极限承载力的快速评估方法。
本文通过非线性有限元计算了横向、纵向与侧向载荷等联合作用下的加筋板极限强度,分析了极限强度变化规律,并拟合出三向载荷联合加载的加筋板极限强度相互关系公式,得到以下结论:
(1)侧向载荷通常会降低纵向或横向加筋板的极限强度,降低比例与板柔度相关,板柔度越小则降低越大;型材尺寸与带板板厚的增加均可提高纵向极限强度,侧向压力越大其提高越显著,然而增大型材尺寸可在重量增加较小的条件下显著提高纵向极限强度,同时型材对横向极限强度的影响较小,需增大板材厚度来提高横向极限强度。
(2)加筋板纵向极限强度随着横向载荷的增大而逐渐减小,且加筋板崩溃时横向与纵向载荷同时达到最大值而丧失承载能力,因此在组合载荷作用下加筋板极限强度由各向承载能力的最小值决定。
(3)三向载荷联合加载的加筋板极限强度相互作用关系式可通过板柔度、梁柱柔度与侧向压力作为参量的多项表达式进行最小二乘法拟合获得,结果误差较小,可作为三向载荷联合作用下的加筋板各向极限强度计算与设计的快速评估方法。
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2025年第29卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.02.011
  • 接收时间:2024-08-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-15
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    1.中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院,上海 200011
    2.武汉理工大学 船海与能源动力学院,武汉 430063
    3.高性能船舶技术教育部重点实验室(武汉理工大学),武汉 430063

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