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Article(id=1243301634781069818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243301630683234768, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715875200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774355809158, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1737302400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774355809158, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774355809158, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774355809158, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243301630683234768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='169', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774355808181, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774355986739, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243302379672678863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243301630683234768, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243302379672678864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243301630683234768, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=63, endPage=72, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243301635024339460, articleId=1243301634781069818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Power generation and hydrodynamic performance analysis of floating breakwater coupled oscillating buoy, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A double-buoy floating breakwater and an oscillating buoy wave energy power converter were coupled into an integrated device. Based on the CFD technology, a numerical water tank was established to calculate and explore the energy capture efficiency and wave-dissipating performance of the integrated device. The results show that the floater motion in the cavity has strong nonlinearity. When the incident wave period is near the natural period of the cavity, the floater has the best energy capture efficiency, and the power generation and energy absorption efficiency can reach 2.4 times that of a single floater. In addition, the wave-dissipating performance of the integrated device is related to the wave steepness and the natural period of the structure. When the incident period is less than the natural period of the structure, the floating breakwater has a better wave dissipating effect on large steep waves; beyond the natural period, the floating breakwater will lose its excellent wave dissipation ability.

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将双浮筒型浮式防波堤与振荡浮子波能发电装置耦合为一体化装置，并基于CFD技术，建立数值水槽，计算并探究一体化装置俘能效率和消波性能的变化机理。结果表明，腔内浮子运动具有较强的非线性，当入射波浪周期接近腔体固有周期时，浮子俘能效率最佳，发电功率和吸能效率可达到单个浮子的2.4倍；此外，一体化装置消波性能与波陡和固有周期相关，在固有周期之前，浮式防波堤对大波陡波浪具有更好的消波效果；入射周期达到结构固有周期之后，浮式防波堤会丧失其优良的消波能力。

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通讯作者，E-mail：
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沈勇（1994-），男，硕士，助理工程师，通讯作者，E-mail：

潘伟宸（1995-），男，硕士，助理工程师，E-mail：。

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沈勇（1994-），男，硕士，助理工程师，通讯作者，E-mail：

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沈勇（1994-），男，硕士，助理工程师，通讯作者，E-mail：

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潘伟宸（1995-），男，硕士，助理工程师，E-mail：。

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潘伟宸（1995-），男，硕士，助理工程师，E-mail：。

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Principal parameters of the floating breakwater

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数符号实际值理论模型值实际模型值
堤长L/m150.3750.375
堤宽B/m200.50.5
堤高D/m80.20.2
吃水T/m3.90.09750.0975
排水量MT/kg848 55012.9412.94
重量MG/kg380 0005.795.79
横摇惯性矩IXX/（kg•m2）40 340 0000.3840.384
纵摇惯性矩IYY/（kg•m2）12 270 0000.1170.117
艏摇惯性矩IZZ/（kg•m2）13 270 0000.1260.126
浮筒直径D/m80.20.2
连接舱长Lh/m40.10.1
连接舱宽Bh/mm187546.87546.875
), ArticleFig(id=1243301649259806730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301634781069818, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

浮式模型主尺度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数符号实际值理论模型值实际模型值
堤长L/m150.3750.375
堤宽B/m200.50.5
堤高D/m80.20.2
吃水T/m3.90.09750.0975
排水量MT/kg848 55012.9412.94
重量MG/kg380 0005.795.79
横摇惯性矩IXX/（kg•m2）40 340 0000.3840.384
纵摇惯性矩IYY/（kg•m2）12 270 0000.1170.117
艏摇惯性矩IZZ/（kg•m2）13 270 0000.1260.126
浮筒直径D/m80.20.2
连接舱长Lh/m40.10.1
连接舱宽Bh/mm187546.87546.875
), ArticleFig(id=1243301649368858638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301634781069818, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Numerical and experimental working conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实际海况试验工况
波高/m周期/s浪向/（°）波高/m周期/s浪向/（°）
45.1900.10.890
45.7900.10.990
46.3900.11.090
47.0900.11.190
47.6900.11.290
48.2900.11.390
48.9900.11.490
49.5900.11.590
410.1900.11.690
), ArticleFig(id=1243301649465327635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301634781069818, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

数值计算与试验工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实际海况试验工况
波高/m周期/s浪向/（°）波高/m周期/s浪向/（°）
45.1900.10.890
45.7900.10.990
46.3900.11.090
47.0900.11.190
47.6900.11.290
48.2900.11.390
48.9900.11.490
49.5900.11.590
410.1900.11.690
), ArticleFig(id=1243301649557602328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301634781069818, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Principal parameters of floating breakwater

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数堤长Lc/m堤宽Bc/m浮筒直径Ac/m腔体宽度Hc/m连接舱宽Pc/m排水量/t
数值1520845.51005
), ArticleFig(id=1243301649645682715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301634781069818, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

浮式防波堤主尺度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数堤长Lc/m堤宽Bc/m浮筒直径Ac/m腔体宽度Hc/m连接舱宽Pc/m排水量/t
数值1520845.51005
), ArticleFig(id=1243301649754734626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301634781069818, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Principal parameters of buoy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数浮子高度/m浮子直径/m排水量/t
数值4310
), ArticleFig(id=1243301649867980840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301634781069818, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

浮子主尺度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数浮子高度/m浮子直径/m排水量/t
数值4310
), ArticleFig(id=1243301649960255532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301634781069818, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Computational working conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况编号周期/s波长/m入射功率/kW工况编号周期/s波长/m入射功率/kW
C13.016.30404.17C55.649.74681.73
C23.318.97449.84C66.056.88743.98
C34.026.43513.35C76.566.49805.48
C45.040.01626.28C8776.799875.007
), ArticleFig(id=1243301650081890352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301634781069818, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

计算工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况编号周期/s波长/m入射功率/kW工况编号周期/s波长/m入射功率/kW
C13.016.30404.17C55.649.74681.73
C23.318.97449.84C66.056.88743.98
C34.026.43513.35C76.566.49805.48
C45.040.01626.28C8776.799875.007
), ArticleFig(id=1243301650190942261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301634781069818, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Power generation performance parameters of the single floater and the integrated device under different working conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况周期/s发电功率/kW吸能效率
单个浮子C1365.316.6%
C23.3105.2123.39%
C3498.5619.2%
C4560.516.04%
C55.662.719.1%
C6664.6338.7%
C76.557.117.1%
C8741.627.9%
一体化装置C1359.214.6%
C23.389.519.9%
C3487.2717%
C45131.98721%
C55.6151.122.16%
C66131.19217.6%
C76.5118.414.7%
C8780.5419.2%
), ArticleFig(id=1243301650270634041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301634781069818, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同工况下单浮子与一体化装置发电性能参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况周期/s发电功率/kW吸能效率
单个浮子C1365.316.6%
C23.3105.2123.39%
C3498.5619.2%
C4560.516.04%
C55.662.719.1%
C6664.6338.7%
C76.557.117.1%
C8741.627.9%
一体化装置C1359.214.6%
C23.389.519.9%
C3487.2717%
C45131.98721%
C55.6151.122.16%
C66131.19217.6%
C76.5118.414.7%
C8780.5419.2%
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浮式防波堤耦合振荡浮子俘能及消波性能分析
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沈勇 1 , 潘伟宸 1 , 刘传艺 1 , 严兴春 1 , 王希坤 1, 2
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025,29(1): 63-72
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025, 29(1): 63-72
浮式防波堤耦合振荡浮子俘能及消波性能分析
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沈勇1 , 潘伟宸1 , 刘传艺1, 严兴春1, 王希坤1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中船澄西船舶修造有限公司，江苏　江阴　214400
  • 2.江苏大学，江苏　镇江　212013

    • 沈勇（1994-），男，硕士，助理工程师，通讯作者，E-mail：

    潘伟宸（1995-），男，硕士，助理工程师，E-mail：。

通讯作者:

通讯作者，E-mail：
Power generation and hydrodynamic performance analysis of floating breakwater coupled oscillating buoy
Yong SHEN1 , Wei-chen PAN1 , Chuan-yi LIU1, Xing-chun YAN1, Xi-kun WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Chengxi Shipyard Co., Ltd., Jiangyin 214400, China
  • 2.Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
出版时间: 2025-01-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.007
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摘要
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将双浮筒型浮式防波堤与振荡浮子波能发电装置耦合为一体化装置，并基于CFD技术，建立数值水槽，计算并探究一体化装置俘能效率和消波性能的变化机理。结果表明，腔内浮子运动具有较强的非线性，当入射波浪周期接近腔体固有周期时，浮子俘能效率最佳，发电功率和吸能效率可达到单个浮子的2.4倍；此外，一体化装置消波性能与波陡和固有周期相关，在固有周期之前，浮式防波堤对大波陡波浪具有更好的消波效果；入射周期达到结构固有周期之后，浮式防波堤会丧失其优良的消波能力。

CFD  /  浮式防波堤  /  振荡浮子波能发电装置  /  俘能效率  /  消波性能

A double-buoy floating breakwater and an oscillating buoy wave energy power converter were coupled into an integrated device. Based on the CFD technology, a numerical water tank was established to calculate and explore the energy capture efficiency and wave-dissipating performance of the integrated device. The results show that the floater motion in the cavity has strong nonlinearity. When the incident wave period is near the natural period of the cavity, the floater has the best energy capture efficiency, and the power generation and energy absorption efficiency can reach 2.4 times that of a single floater. In addition, the wave-dissipating performance of the integrated device is related to the wave steepness and the natural period of the structure. When the incident period is less than the natural period of the structure, the floating breakwater has a better wave dissipating effect on large steep waves; beyond the natural period, the floating breakwater will lose its excellent wave dissipation ability.

CFD  /  floating breakwater  /  oscillating buoy wave energy converter  /  energy capture efficiency  /  wave-dissipating performance
沈勇, 潘伟宸, 刘传艺, 严兴春, 王希坤. 浮式防波堤耦合振荡浮子俘能及消波性能分析. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (1) : 63 -72 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.007
Yong SHEN, Wei-chen PAN, Chuan-yi LIU, Xing-chun YAN, Xi-kun WANG. Power generation and hydrodynamic performance analysis of floating breakwater coupled oscillating buoy[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (1) : 63 -72 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.007
正文
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0　引言
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传统化石燃料储量有限且严重污染环境，为缓解传统能源供需紧张状况，应对能源危机以及严峻的环境问题，研究者们一直致力于寻求可以替代传统能源的可再生清洁能源。波浪能作为可再生清洁能源中的一种，因其分布广、储量巨大受到了研究者们的重点关注，而浮式基础与波能装置的耦合结构是开发深远海波能资源的解决方案[1]。
浮式防波堤作为一种消波装置，被广泛应用于港口及岛屿，其中双浮筒型浮式防波堤是较为常见的结构形式。如图1所示，双浮筒型浮式防波堤由两段水平布置的圆柱浮筒组成，中间由连接舱进行连接，连接舱与圆柱浮筒会围出一块空心腔体结构，这类似于油气平台上的月池结构。有学者[2-3]发现，当波浪经过浮式防波堤上下贯通的围蔽腔体时，波浪会在腔体内部升高其位能，并发生周期性的上下振荡。Faltinsen[4]认为可将这种类月池的结构视为质量-弹簧系统。基于这种局部的波浪上下振荡现象，周耀保和刘延俊等[5-6]提出，选用振荡浮子式波能转换装置进行波能俘获是最佳的选择。
目前，随着计算机和计算流体力学（CFD）技术的日益完善，利用数值模拟方法研究振荡浮子发电性能成为研究的主流。张亚群等[7]利用数值计算与模型试验相结合的方法，计算浮子转换装置的水动力性能，明确了浮子质量、入射波波高、入射波周期和负载是决定装置水动力学性能的关键。高人杰[8]利用数值计算的方法对不同尺度、不同浸没深度的圆锥形浮子进行了模拟，并依此优化了浮子模型。历福伟[9]通过数值计算与二维模型试验的方法研究了浮子形状对浮子发电效率的影响，结果表明，浮子形状为上大、下小时浮子发电性能较佳。然而当前并未有太多针对浮式防波堤腔体内部浮子俘能效率的研究，因此，本文基于此设计了浮式防波堤与浮子发电的一体化装置，并利用CFD软件STAR-CCM+对浮子发电性能进行定量计算，验证利用浮式防波堤局部波浪振荡发电的可行性，并针对一体式发电装置的消波性能和耐波性能进行计算分析。
1　基本理论
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1.1　计算流体力学基本理论
流体的运动可以通过连续性方程和动量守恒方程来表达，假定流体为不可压缩流体，其控制方程为连续性方程及动量守恒方程。
连续性方程为
式中，ρ为密度，t为时间，ui为速度矢量在xi方向的分量。
动量方程（Navier-Stokes方程）为
式中，uj为速度矢量在xj方向的分量，p为流体微元体上的压力，Si为质量力，μ为流体动力粘性系数。
湍流模型使用RNG k-ε湍流模型，湍流粘度μt为
式中，Cμ是经验系数，k和ε为基本的两个未知量，它的输运方程为
1.2　数值模拟波动方程
为使模拟接近真实海况，在进行CFD模拟时选用Stokes五阶波作为波面造波，其速度势为
式中，L为波长，k0为波数，T为波浪周期，s为波面水质点至底部距离，θ为相位角。
1.3　浮子发电计算公式
俘获宽度比，即浮子吸收发电有效功率与单位周期入射波浪理论功率之比，是浮子发电的重要指标之一。振荡浮子俘获宽度比的表达式为
式中，pw为入射波理论功率，pTeff为浮子吸收功率有效值。其中，入射波浪理论功率为
式中，ρ为水质量密度，H为波高，L为入射波波长，T为入射波周期，b为浮子宽度，h为水深。
浮子吸收波浪能量的表达式为
式中，Fz为浮子垂向合力，AWP为浮子入水截面面积，z为浮子垂向运动位移。
根据能量公式可以得出浮子发电功率公式为
由于浮子上下振荡运动具有周期性和波动性，且振动的方向不是单向运动，所以浮子发电功率有效值采用均方根（RMS）计算。计算公式如下
1.4　浮式防波堤透射系数定义
浮式防波堤的透射系数Kr，可以直观地反映浮式防波堤的消波性能，是浮式防波堤最重要的指标之一。其表达式为
式中，Ht表示堤后的透射波高，H表示入射波高。
数值计算时，在腔体内部与堤后一个波长（L）距离处插入数值浪高仪，以监测腔体内部波高与堤后透射波高。由于消波区域设置足够大，可以忽略水槽尾部反射波的影响，直接使用Origin软件对计算数据进行拟合。
2　模型试验及验证
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2.1　浮式防波堤模型设计及参数
试验模型基于弗劳德（Froude）相似，选用λ=40缩尺比，试验所用浮式防波堤模型与主尺度见表1，浮式防波堤由两个圆柱形浮筒和5道连接舱组成，设有4个围蔽腔体，如图1所示。试验中，当入射波经过腔体时液面升高，并在腔体内发生振荡现象，如图2所示。
2.2　试验布置及工况设置
实验室波浪水槽长40 m，宽0.8 m，最大水深1 m。本文选取试验中发生了明显腔内波浪振荡现象的工况进行数值计算，并与试验中结果进行对比分析，工况设置如表2所示。
2.3　数值结果与试验结果对比分析
数值模拟基于实型进行计算，考虑不同周期要素影响下腔室内部波高与消波效果的变化，并将计算值与试验值共同绘制于图3。图3（a）中横坐标为无因次周期L/h，其中L为入射波长，h为水深；纵坐标为腔体内部无因次波高Hj/H，其中Hj为腔内波高，H为入射波高。图3（b）中横坐标为无因次周期L/h，纵坐标为透射系数Kr。
从图3中可以看出，腔内无因次波高计算值与试验值具有相同的变化趋势，随着入射波长（即周期）增大，腔内波浪振荡幅值减小。透射系数计算值与试验值变化趋势一致，随着入射波长增大，透射系数随之增大。值得注意的是，计算值与试验值并非完全吻合，特别是在入射波长小的工况下，存在一定的误差（平均误差小于14%）。究其原因如下：一方面由于数值计算是基于斯托克斯五阶波，未考虑波浪的喷涌与翻卷；另一方面是实型模拟和缩尺模型试验之间的雷诺数差异引起的“尺度效应”。不过总体而言，计算值与试验值吻合良好，具有一定准确性。
3　浮式防波堤局部振荡发电性能分析
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3.1　模型基本参数
一体化装置浮式防波堤选用双浮筒型浮式防波堤，设置两道连接舱相连，连接舱与双浮筒一同隔绝出一个上下贯通的局部腔室结构，浮式防波堤结构如图4所示，圆心位于浮式防波堤中心，X轴与Y轴方向如图中坐标所示，定义来流方向为X轴正向，红色虚线框内为腔室部分，腔内设置有轨道。图5（a）中圆柱形浮子设置有滚轮，图5（b）中通过滚轮轨道的配合将圆柱形浮子置于腔室内部，使浮子能够在腔室内部沿轨道上下滑动。浮式防波堤主尺度如表3所示，浮子主尺度如表4所示。
3.2　数值计算域及网格模型
计算域设置如图6所示。计算域总长为8个波长，其中防波堤前后分别为3L和5L，水深设置为40 m。坐标系如图6所示，其原点设置于自由表面浮式防波堤中心处。采用欧拉多相流模型，自由液面通过流体体积法（VOF）追踪。底部边界为不可滑移壁面，入口边界采用速度入口中的Open channel wave BC明渠波浪边界控制，压力出口边界设置阻尼消波，消波长度为2个波长距离[10]。
将浮式防波堤置于计算域坐标原点，使用重叠网格技术对浮体周围网格进行处理。背景网格内运动区域网格大小为0.5 m，网格向外部逐渐增大至400%的网格基础值。对波浪波动区域进行加密，波动区域内最密集一层网格量随环境改变，保证一个波长（L）80个网格分辨率，一个波高（H）20个网格分辨率。经过多位学者[10]的研究计算，这套网格设置能较为准确地模拟外流场浮式结构的运动问题。振荡浮子的运动同样属于大尺度运动，在模拟计算时，同样使用重叠网格进行计算。在浮式防波堤重叠网格的基础上再设置一层重叠网格，构成二重重叠网格，网格模型如图7所示，最外层为背景域网格，红框内为第一层重叠网格，用以控制浮式防波堤的运动，蓝框内为第二层重叠网格，用以控制振荡浮子的运动。
3.3　工况设置
振荡浮子发电所用计算工况如表5所示。水深和入射波高分别固定在40 m和2 m，探讨波浪入射周期（T=2~7 s）对浮子发电性能的影响，共考虑了8个工况，如表中C1~C8。其中T=3.3 s为圆柱形浮子的固有周期，T=5.6 s为浮式防波堤的固有周期，T=6.5 s为一体化装置的固有周期。
3.4　一体化装置发电性能对比分析
为了验证一体化装置发电的可行性，计算了八种不同工况下的发电性能，并给出了相同工况下单个浮子的发电性能。单个浮子与一体化装置内浮子的初始条件完全相同，保证浮子主尺度相同，均为三分之一初始浸深。单浮子运动模拟同样属于外流场问题，与一体化装置的模拟方法相同。图8为C4工况下单浮子与一体化装置发电功率的时历曲线对比图，从图中可以看出，在C4工况时，一体化装置内浮子发电功率明显大于单个浮子的发电功率，说明此时腔内流体振荡对浮子运动有促进作用。此外，一体化装置发电功率呈现出较强的非线性，这是由于腔体壁面反射波叠加的影响所导致。
图9（a）和（b）分别为不同波浪周期下的发电功率对比图与吸能效率对比图，表6给出了其具体数据。结果显示，一体化装置的发电性能总体优于单个浮子的发电性能。从图9（a）中可以看出，单浮子发电功率呈现先增后减的趋势，并在固有周期（T=3.3 s）处，发电功率最佳，达到了105.21 kW，吸能效率为23.39%；而一体化装置发电功率则存在2个极值，分别出现在C2和C5工况下，即圆柱形浮子的固有周期（T=3.3 s）和浮式防波堤的固有周期（T=5.6 s）时。从图中可以看出，在圆柱形浮子固有周期附近时，一体化装置发电功率和吸能效率小于单个浮子的情况，这是由于一体化装置腔内壁面对流体的粘滞效应造成的。在浮式防波堤固有周期附近时，一体化装置发电功率相较单个浮子更佳，尤其在固有周期时，一体化装置发电功率达到151 kW，较单个浮子时发电功率提升了141%；吸能效率达到了22.16%，较单个浮子时吸能效率提升了143.5%。当入射周期逐渐远离浮式防波堤固有周期时，一体化装置发电功率和吸能效率下降明显，逐渐接近单浮子的发电性能。值得注意的是，在一体化装置整体固有周期处（T=6.5 s）其发电性能并没有提升，可见整体固有周期对浮子发电性能影响不大。
总之，在低入射周期时，一体化装置发电性能低于单个浮子，这是由于此时入射周期在单个浮子固有周期附近，单浮子运动较大，俘能效率显著，而一体化装置固有周期远离当前周期，腔内聚能效果较弱，且由于腔内壁面的粘滞作用，腔内波浪振荡并不显著，这导致腔内浮子运动偏小，俘能效率较差；当入射周期增大至浮式防波堤固有周期附近时，由于腔内流体的剧烈振荡，流体位能的增大使得浮子运动加剧，发电功率和吸能效率均有较大提升；当入射周期进一步增大时，一体化装置发电性能下降明显。
4　浮式防波堤一体化装置消波性能分析
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4.1　工况设置
进行浮式防波堤消波性能分析时，需要考虑浮式防波堤对不同入射波高的消波性能，在上文8种周期工况的基础上，每个周期计算5种波高工况，即波高分别为1 m、1.5 m、2 m、2.5 m、3 m共40个计算工况。
4.2　消波性能分析
图10为单个浮式防波堤与一体化装置的消波性能对比图，其中横向坐标轴代表不同的周期（T），纵向坐标轴代表不同的波高（H），垂向坐标轴代表透射系数（Kr）。从结果可以看出，入射周期小于结构固有周期时（单个浮式防波堤固有周期为5.6 s，一体化装置固有周期为6.3 s），结构对大波高波浪具有更佳的消波能力，而当波高一定时，入射周期减小会提升结构的消波性能，这主要是因为波高增大或周期（波长）减小时，波浪陡度增大，波浪绕射结构消耗更多的波浪能量。图中蓝色区域透射波高极小，这是由于此处波浪陡度激增，波浪极有可能发生破碎导致的。
对比图10（a）和（b）可以看出，一体化装置总体的消波性能要优于单个浮式防波堤。当入射周期位于结构固有周期时，结构对入射波的消波能力陡降；当入射周期继续增大时，结构的消波性能始终不佳。
5　结论
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本文基于数值波浪水槽基本理论，研究验证了双浮筒型浮式防波堤与圆柱形浮子耦合的一体化装置腔体内部浮子振荡的发电性能，并进一步研究了一体化装置的消波性能。得到如下结论：
（1）一体化装置内部浮子运动呈现较强的非线性，主要是由于流体叠加腔体壁面反射波造成的。
（2）浮子结构固有周期和浮式防波堤固有周期对一体化装置发电性能影响显著，在这两个入射周期时，一体化装置的发电功率出现极大值。在浮子结构固有周期T=3.3 s时，浮子的发电性能略优于一体化装置；靠近浮式防波堤结构固有周期（T=5.6 s）时，一体化装置发电性能陡增，发电功率为单个浮子的2.4倍，吸能效率为单个浮子的2.43倍。
（3）浮式防波堤对入射波的消波性能与波陡和结构的固有周期相关。在固有周期之前，浮式防波堤对大波陡波浪具有更好的消波效果；入射周期达到结构的固有周期之后，浮式防波堤丧失其优良的消波能力。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52079057)
文献
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2025年第29卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.007
  • 接收时间：2024-05-17
  • 首发时间：2026-03-24
  • 出版时间：2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期：2024-05-17
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52079057)
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    1.中船澄西船舶修造有限公司，江苏　江阴　214400
    2.江苏大学，江苏　镇江　212013

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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