Article(id=1243301633476637139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243301630683234768, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721923200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774355808848, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1737302400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774355808848, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774355808848, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774355808848, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243301630683234768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='169', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774355808181, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774355986739, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243302379672678863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243301630683234768, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243302379672678864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243301630683234768, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=98, endPage=109, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243301635829641711, articleId=1243301633476637139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Experimental and simulation study on low cycle fatigue crack growth and crack tip plastic zone evolution of a marine high-strength steel, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The fracture failure of ship structures often results from the combination of low cycle fatigue and cumulative plasticity. In order to study the low cycle fatigue crack growth and plastic zone size of a marine high-strength steel considering cumulative plasticity, the low cycle fatigue crack growth test of a marine high-strength steel CT specimen under tension-tension-cyclic load was conducted according to ASTM E647 standard, and the plastic zone size of crack tip under different crack lengths was measured by DIC method. By introducing Chaboche model, an extended finite element simulation method was established to obtain the plastic zone size at the crack tip for exploring the influence of different load factors on the plastic zone size. Then the effectiveness of the method was verified based on test data. Finally, based on the results of finite element calculation and Irwin model, a prediction model of plastic zone size at crack tip considering cumulative plastic strain was proposed, and a crack growth rate model based on plastic zone size was established.

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船体结构的断裂破坏往往是低周疲劳与累积塑性两种破坏模式共同作用的结果。为研究某船用高强钢考虑累积塑性作用的低周疲劳裂纹扩展行为及塑性区尺寸,本文根据ASTM E647标准进行某船用高强钢CT试件在拉-拉循环载荷作用下低周疲劳裂纹扩展试验,并采用DIC方法测量不同裂纹长度下的裂尖塑性区尺寸。随后,通过引入Chaboche模型,建立扩展有限元仿真方法,得到裂尖塑性区尺寸,探究不同载荷因素对塑性区尺寸的影响,并基于试验数据进行方法有效性验证。最后,基于有限元计算结果和Irwin模型,提出一种考虑累积塑性应变的裂尖塑性区尺寸预估模型,并建立基于循环塑性区尺寸的裂纹扩展速率模型。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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刘洪瑞(2000-),男,硕士研究生

乐京霞(1977-),女,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

徐志亭(1985-),男,高级工程师。

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Mechanical properties and Chaboche cyclic hardening model parameters of the marine high strength steel concerned

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E/GPaνσys/MPaσ0/MPaC1γ1C2γ2
2190.3563556566500148595014.25
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某船用高强钢力学性能及Chaboche循环硬化模型参数

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某船用高强钢低周疲劳裂纹扩展及裂尖塑性区演化的试验与仿真方法研究
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刘洪瑞 1 , 乐京霞 1 , 徐志亭 2 , 蒋怡然 1
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025,29(1): 98-109
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025, 29(1): 98-109
某船用高强钢低周疲劳裂纹扩展及裂尖塑性区演化的试验与仿真方法研究
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刘洪瑞1, 乐京霞1 , 徐志亭2, 蒋怡然1
作者信息
  • 1.武汉理工大学 船海与能源动力工程学院,武汉 430063
  • 2.中国船舶及海洋工程设计院,上海 200011
  • 刘洪瑞(2000-),男,硕士研究生

    乐京霞(1977-),女,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

    徐志亭(1985-),男,高级工程师。

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Experimental and simulation study on low cycle fatigue crack growth and crack tip plastic zone evolution of a marine high-strength steel
Hong-rui LIU1, Jing-xia YUE1 , Zhi-ting XU2, Yi-ran JIANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
  • 2.Marine Design and Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200011, China
出版时间: 2025-01-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.010
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船体结构的断裂破坏往往是低周疲劳与累积塑性两种破坏模式共同作用的结果。为研究某船用高强钢考虑累积塑性作用的低周疲劳裂纹扩展行为及塑性区尺寸,本文根据ASTM E647标准进行某船用高强钢CT试件在拉-拉循环载荷作用下低周疲劳裂纹扩展试验,并采用DIC方法测量不同裂纹长度下的裂尖塑性区尺寸。随后,通过引入Chaboche模型,建立扩展有限元仿真方法,得到裂尖塑性区尺寸,探究不同载荷因素对塑性区尺寸的影响,并基于试验数据进行方法有效性验证。最后,基于有限元计算结果和Irwin模型,提出一种考虑累积塑性应变的裂尖塑性区尺寸预估模型,并建立基于循环塑性区尺寸的裂纹扩展速率模型。

塑性区尺寸  /  Chaboche组合硬化模型  /  低周疲劳  /  裂纹扩展

The fracture failure of ship structures often results from the combination of low cycle fatigue and cumulative plasticity. In order to study the low cycle fatigue crack growth and plastic zone size of a marine high-strength steel considering cumulative plasticity, the low cycle fatigue crack growth test of a marine high-strength steel CT specimen under tension-tension-cyclic load was conducted according to ASTM E647 standard, and the plastic zone size of crack tip under different crack lengths was measured by DIC method. By introducing Chaboche model, an extended finite element simulation method was established to obtain the plastic zone size at the crack tip for exploring the influence of different load factors on the plastic zone size. Then the effectiveness of the method was verified based on test data. Finally, based on the results of finite element calculation and Irwin model, a prediction model of plastic zone size at crack tip considering cumulative plastic strain was proposed, and a crack growth rate model based on plastic zone size was established.

plastic zone size  /  Chaboche combined hardening model  /  low cycle fatigue  /  crack propagation
刘洪瑞, 乐京霞, 徐志亭, 蒋怡然. 某船用高强钢低周疲劳裂纹扩展及裂尖塑性区演化的试验与仿真方法研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (1) : 98 -109 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.010
Hong-rui LIU, Jing-xia YUE, Zhi-ting XU, Yi-ran JIANG. Experimental and simulation study on low cycle fatigue crack growth and crack tip plastic zone evolution of a marine high-strength steel[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (1) : 98 -109 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.010
船舶在航行过程中,常受到交变载荷的作用,使船体结构产生局部应力集中的现象。在应力集中的部位往往会出现塑性变形,累积起来会产生疲劳裂纹。随着塑性变形的累积和裂纹的扩展,船舶结构的剩余承载力会逐渐降低,最终使整个结构失效并发生断裂。根据已有的研究,低周疲劳破坏和累积塑性破坏是船体发生断裂破坏的两个重要原因[12]。而塑性区作为断裂力学中描述裂纹扩展的重要参量,研究累积塑性和低周疲劳共同作用下的裂尖塑性区尺寸,对船体结构的疲劳性能评估具有重要意义。
从20世纪六七十年代开始,国内外众多学者对裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸的预估和演化规律进行了大量的研究。在理论方面,Irwin[3]利用von Mises屈服准则和应力重分布的简化模型,得到了小范围屈服条件下含中心穿透裂纹无限大板裂纹尖端的塑性区尺寸;Dugdale[4]根据含中心穿透裂纹的金属薄板拉伸试验提出了条带屈服模型。Irwin模型和Dugdale模型均是基于裂尖应力场的弹性解提出的,仅适用于小范围屈服条件。而在低周疲劳问题中,裂尖附近的塑性区尺寸较大,不属于小范围屈服,基于应力强度因子的传统塑性区尺寸模型也不再适用于低周疲劳问题。对裂尖不满足小范围屈服条件的情况,Haigh等[5]根据线弹性断裂力学提出了应变强度因子作为描述裂纹扩展的参量,并将应变强度因子推广至塑性范围,发现其能较好地描述裂纹在大范围屈服条件下的扩展行为。随后,多位学者也通过对应变强度因子的研究[6~8],证实了其在大范围屈服条件下描述裂纹扩展行为的有效性。
在数值模拟方面,诸多学者在理论和试验的基础上建立了许多能够描述材料累积塑性变形效应的循环本构模型。其中Armstrong-Frederick[9]非线性随动硬化模型(简称A-F模型)能较好地模拟累积塑性变形的产生。Chaboche等[10]在A-F模型的基础上引入了随动硬化律,提出了一个新的非线性随动硬化模型(Chaboche模型),该模型能够较好地描述累积塑性效应;Paul[11]基于SA33 C-Mn钢的Chaboche随动硬化模型,采用有限元方法计算得到了不同载荷下的紧凑拉伸试件(compact tension,CT)裂纹尖端的单调塑性区和循环塑性区尺寸;Hosseini[12]等通过试验构建了纯铜材料的Chaboche本构模型,并通过有限元仿真研究了不同载荷及裂纹长度下纯铜材料CT试件循环塑性区的大小。因此,本文通过引入Chaboche模型的有限元仿真方法,得到考虑累积塑性作用的裂尖塑性区尺寸,并探讨不同载荷因素对塑性区尺寸的影响。
在试验研究方面,对疲劳裂纹尖端变形场的测量也有许多不同的方法,如电阻应变片法、云纹干涉法、数字图像相关(digital image correlation,DIC)技术等。与传统方法相比,DIC具有试件处理简单、对环境要求较低等优点,因此被诸多学者所采用。Romanowicz等[13]通过DIC对具有不同缺口的平板试件进行了试验,将采用DIC技术测得的塑性区与有限元仿真结果进行对比,得到了较为一致的结论,进而认为DIC可以作为高强度钢应变场试验测量的有效方法。Zhao等[14]在疲劳裂纹扩展试验中使用DIC方法测量了中心穿透裂纹尖端的塑性区尺寸及裂纹延长线上应变的连续分布。
综上所述,基于应力强度因子的传统塑性区尺寸预估模型在低周疲劳下并不适用。因此本文将根据应变强度因子提出基于累积塑性应变的塑性区尺寸预估模型,并开展一系列的CT试件裂纹扩展试验,使用DIC方法测量CT试件裂纹尖端的塑性区尺寸。然后,通过引入Chaboche本构模型,建立一套计算某船用高强钢CT试件塑性区尺寸的有限元仿真方法,并根据有限元结果提出基于CT试件累积塑性应变的塑性区尺寸预估模型,通过与试验测得的塑性区尺寸的对比,验证有限元计算方法与预估模型的有效性。
Irwin[3]根据含中心穿透裂纹无限大板的弹性解提出了应力重分布的简化模型,并根据Von Mises准则提出了对塑性区尺寸的预估模型:
式中,rp为单调塑性区尺寸,KI为Ⅰ型应力强度因子,σys为屈服应力,ν为泊松比。
Sheu等[15]对上述Irwin模型进行研究后指出,不同结构形式的试件,可以采用经验参数来对Irwin模型进行修正,修正后的公式如下:
式中,α为经验系数,可通过具体的数值模拟和试验结果得到。
Isida[16]采用映射函数来表征试件形式和尺寸的影响,用以计算有限宽板的应力强度因子KI,通常其结果可表示为
式中,系数f为与a/w有关的函数,a为裂纹长度,w为板宽。
由于应力强度因子是在线弹性力学的基础上提出的,仅适用于小规模屈服条件,而低周疲劳裂纹尖端附近往往不满足小规模屈服条件,因此对低周疲劳裂纹尖端的塑性区尺寸,需使用另外的参数对其进行表征。
在线弹性范围内,材料的应力应变关系可表示为ε=σ/EE为弹性模量),将其代入式(3)可得
式中,KIε即为应变强度因子。Haigh[5]通过对大规模屈服条件下的裂纹扩展行为进行研究,将应变强度因子推广至塑性应变,表示如下:
将式(5)代入式(2),并将和经验系数α结合在函数f中可得
式中,系数为与a/w有关的函数,εp为塑性应变,εe为弹性应变。
在循环载荷作用下,式(6)中的塑性应变εp可转化为累积塑性应变:
式中,εr即为累积塑性应变,可由每个循环的塑性应变增量[1]求得:
Bannatine[17]基于Irwin模型,建立了计算裂纹尖端循环塑性区尺寸的模型:
式中,ΔK=Kmax-Kmin=(1-RKmax。因此单调塑性区尺寸rp和循环塑性区尺寸rpc有如下关系:
当获得单调塑性区尺寸时,可用式(10)求得相应的循环塑性区尺寸。
在常规的有限元分析中,若要计算不同裂纹长度下的塑性区尺寸,往往需要对每个裂纹长度的模型网格进行重新划分,重新设置裂纹尖端位置,工作量较大。但Belytschko等[18]提出的扩展有限元方法(extended finite element method,XFEM)可以较好地解决此问题。XFEM方法通过水平集函数追踪裂纹在模型网格中的扩展,并通过虚拟节点技术模拟裂纹穿过单元网格的过程[19-20]。因此对不同裂纹尺寸的模型,仅需修改裂纹尺寸,无需重新划分模型网格,即可完成不同裂纹尺寸下的塑性区尺寸计算,可以大量减少工作量,提高工作效率。本文研究的CT试件几何尺寸如图1所示,在缺口前端预置有4 mm的初始裂纹。
本文建立了如图2所示的CT试件三维有限元模型,该模型使用八节点线性六面体单元(C3D8R),以求能较为精确地反映裂尖附近的应力场,提高计算精度。同时,为了数值计算本文所研究船用高强钢在循环载荷下计及累积塑性作用的塑性区尺寸,本文采用了如表1所示的Chaboche组合本构模型来模拟材料的非线性行为。需要指出的是,表1中的σ0为材料的初始屈服应力,因此本文参照文献[11-1221]中的做法,以σ0(565 MPa)及其对应的屈服应变作为塑性区边界的判据,测量CT模型的塑性区尺寸。
在有限元模拟中,裂尖的单元尺寸会影响最终的计算结果,因此需对裂纹尖端的单元网格进行细分,对裂尖设置四层过渡网格,如图2所示。但过于细密的网格会增加计算时间,降低工作效率,因此需根据具体需求对裂尖单元尺寸进行收敛性分析,选择合适的网格尺寸进行计算[22]。对网格收敛性分析结果如图3所示。从图中可以看出,当网格尺寸为0.05 mm时,塑性区尺寸已经收敛,考虑到计算效率,本文选择裂尖单元尺寸为0.05 mm的有限元模型进行计算。边界条件以及载荷的施加如图4所示。
通过有限元分析得到CT试件不同裂纹长度下的应力应变云图,文中CT试件所产生的裂纹属于I型裂纹,因此在应力云图中设置初始屈服应力为阈值,即可得到不同裂纹长度下的单调塑性区,如图5所示。
Pmax=44 kN,R=0.1工况下塑性区尺寸的有限元结果与Irwin塑性区尺寸理论值进行对比,结果如图6所示。从图中可以看出,在平面应变和平面应力情况下,有限元计算的塑性区尺寸均介于Irwin一阶估算与二阶估算值之间。这是因为有限元计算使用的材料本构模型考虑了材料的硬化效应,而Irwin的一阶估算是基于线弹性断裂力学建立的,二阶估算是基于理想弹塑性材料提出的,未考虑材料的硬化效应。从图6中可以看出,使用三维有限元仿真所得的塑性区尺寸介于平面应力有限元计算值与平面应变有限元计算值之间,说明CT试件的实际应力状态并非处于完全的平面应力或平面应变状态,而是处于两者之间,因此对于有限厚度板,需要通过三维有限元计算获得其实际的塑性区尺寸。在Irwin塑性区模型中,塑性区尺寸随裂纹长度的增加而增加,且塑性区尺寸的增长速率也随裂纹扩展而增加,而通过有限元仿真得到的塑性区尺寸的增长速率随裂纹扩展的增加则较少,原因可能是材料的非线性随动强化行为。从图7(a)中可以看出,当保持载荷峰值不变时,不同应力比下的单调塑性区尺寸十分接近;从图7(b)中可以看出,当保持应力比不变时,塑性区尺寸随载荷峰值的增加而增加。因此可以得出结论:单调塑性区尺寸仅与载荷峰值有关,与应力比关系不大。
图6图7中在使用Irwin模型计算CT试件塑性区尺寸的平面应力理论值及平面应变理论值时,其应力强度因子KI使用下式进行计算[23]
式中,B为板厚,P为施加载荷。
本文根据疲劳裂纹扩展试验标准ASTM E647[24],在MTS 322疲劳测试系统上开展了疲劳裂纹扩展试验,试验温度为室温,加载方式为图4(b)所示的正弦波载荷。所有的CT试件取自同一块钢板,板厚为12 mm,试件尺寸如图1所示。
DIC技术是一种非接触式光测力学方法,基本原理是将试件表面不同时刻的数字散斑图像与未变形时的参考图像进行对比,通过散斑的变化来输出目标区域的应变场和位移场[13-1421]。为了在试件表面形成高对比度的散斑,在试验开始前,将CT试件表面进行清洗,去除表面的灰尘和油污,先在试件表面覆盖一层白漆,然后再喷洒黑漆,形成散斑[21],喷涂散斑后的CT试件如图8所示。
在试件表面处理完成后,将试件装配在试验台上,如图9所示。在试验加载前,把工业相机拍摄的试件初始图像作为参考图像,在试验过程中,通过工业相机对加载过程中不同时刻的试件进行拍摄采样,采样频率为60 Hz。
在疲劳裂纹扩展试验中,每隔一定的循环次数采集裂尖的散斑图像,并对其进行数字图像处理,即可得到裂纹尖端位置及裂尖的应变场和位移场。裂纹扩展试验中,不同时刻裂尖的应变场如图10所示。从图中可以发现,随着循环次数的增加,裂纹在不断地扩展,裂尖的应变值也在不断地增加,裂尖的塑性区呈蝴蝶状,且随裂纹长度的增加而扩大。
在通过DIC技术获得的裂尖应变场中,只需设置初始屈服应力对应的应变为阈值即可得到塑性区边界,进而获得塑性区尺寸。将测得的试验塑性区尺寸与有限元仿真结果对比,结果如图11图12所示。从图中可以看出,试验结果与考虑累积塑性作用的有限元结果相比,具有较为接近的数值及相似的增长规律,而试验结果与未考虑累积塑性作用的有限元结果则相差较远。因此,使用有限元方法计算低周疲劳下裂纹尖端的塑性区尺寸时,需考虑累积塑性的作用,即对试件施加与试验相同的循环载荷,且加载的循环次数与试验相同。从图中可以看出,在裂纹稳定扩展阶段,试验结果与有限元结果误差较小。从图12(b)中可以看出,当裂纹长度较长时,试验测得的塑性区尺寸迅速增大,并超过了有限元计算结果。这是因为在裂纹较长时,试件的剩余强度较弱,整体变形较大,导致试验测得的塑性区尺寸偏大,此时裂纹会发生失稳扩展,直至试件完全断裂。
通过有限元计算可得不同工况下的塑性区尺寸rp、累积塑性应变εr和弹性应变εe,将其根据式(7)进行整理即可得系数fa/w),如图13所示。
将拟合结果代入式(7)可得:
式(12)即为本文根据传统塑性区模型提出的基于累积塑性应变的塑性区尺寸预估模型。
将试验结果与预估模型进行对比,如图14所示。从图中可以看出,本文提出的塑性区尺寸预估模型与CT试件低周疲劳试验测得的裂尖塑性区尺寸吻合较好,误差能保持在7%以内。
Ould[25]认为裂纹尖端循环塑性变形是裂纹扩展的驱动力,因此Ould基于Paris公式提出了以裂尖循环塑性变形为参量的扩展速率计算模型:
式中,Cm是材料参数。
黄小平等[26]将任意载荷比下的裂纹扩展速率等效到应力比等于0的裂纹扩展速率,提出了裂纹扩展速率的单一曲线模型:
式中,ΔKeq0、ΔKth0分别是相当于应力比R=0时的等效应力强度因子幅和应力强度因子幅门槛值。
由于应力强度因子是在线弹性断裂力学基础上提出的,在低周疲劳问题中的适用性有待商榷。且应力强度因子在试验过程中难以直接测量,物理意义不够直观,因此本研究参考Ould与黄小平等的模型,提出一个基于循环塑性区尺寸的裂纹扩展速率单一曲线模型:
式中,rpceq是相当于经过应力比修正后的等效循环塑性区尺寸;rpcth是经过应力比修正后,与应力强度因子幅门槛值对应的裂尖塑性区尺寸。
在本研究中,根据不同试验加载条件测得的裂纹长度与加载次数关系如图15所示。将图15(b)中的裂纹扩展数据经过应力比变换后,即可得到图16(a)所示的用等效循环塑性区尺寸表示的裂纹扩展数据。
将数据进行拟合,即可根据变换后的裂纹扩展数据得到基于循环塑性区尺寸的单一曲线模型:
图16(a)中可以看出,本研究提出的模型能将分散程度较大的数据转换成在一个窄带内较为集中的数据。从图中还可以看出,本文提出的单一曲线模型能同时描述裂纹扩展的近门槛区与稳定扩展阶段。将单一曲线模型的预测值与试验数据进行对比,如图16(b)所示。从图中可以看出,预测值与试验值吻合良好,能较好地描述裂纹扩展的前两个阶段。
本文通过理论分析、有限元模拟和裂纹扩展试验,对某高强钢在低周疲劳情况下考虑累积塑性作用的裂尖塑性区尺寸进行了研究,得出了如下结论:
(1)与未考虑累积塑性作用的有限元结果相比,考虑累积塑性作用的有限元仿真结果与试验DIC测量的塑性区尺寸吻合较好,验证了有限元方法的有效性以及使用有限元计算时考虑累积塑性作用的必要性。
(2)与考虑累积塑性作用的有限元仿真结果相比,Irwin塑性区尺寸的预估模型具有较大差别,因此需对基于累积塑性应变的塑性区尺寸预估模型进行研究。
(3)通过对不同载荷工况下的CT试样进行计算,探讨了不同载荷因素对单调塑性区尺寸的影响,当载荷峰值一定时,单调塑性区尺寸不随应力比的变化而变化,而当应力比一定时,单调塑性区尺寸随载荷峰值的增大而增大。
(4)根据有限元仿真结果,拟合得到了基于累积塑性应变的CT试件裂尖塑性区尺寸的预估模型,且该模型能较好地预估低周疲劳下CT试件裂纹尖端的塑性区尺寸。
(5)本文提出了基于循环塑性区尺寸的单一曲线裂纹扩展模型,该模型的计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,能较好地描述在近门槛值附近的裂纹扩展行为。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52171320)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.010
  • 接收时间:2024-07-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-26
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52171320)
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    1.武汉理工大学 船海与能源动力工程学院,武汉 430063
    2.中国船舶及海洋工程设计院,上海 200011

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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