Article(id=1243301631463375315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243301630683234768, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720972800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774355808368, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1737302400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774355808368, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774355808368, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774355808368, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243301630683234768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='169', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774355808181, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774355986739, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243302379672678863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243301630683234768, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243302379672678864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243301630683234768, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=123, endPage=133, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243301631698256343, articleId=1243301631463375315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Intelligent assessment method of reliability for deepwater riser deployment, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Riser deployment is an important step in deepwater drilling, during which the spider is the primary support of the riser system. At the same time, the harsh deepwater environment leads to a high risk of riser deployment. To ensure the safety of riser deployment, firstly, a joint distribution model of environmental parameters was constructed. Then, an intelligent prediction model of structural response based on IAGA-BRNN was determined. Finally, the method of structure reliability assessment for riser deployment was established combining Monte Carlo, and a case study was carried out. Results show that most parameters in the joint distribution model of environment obey Weibull distribution and Beta distribution. The prediction model proposed in this paper performs well in all the prediction indicators, and has a stronger prediction ability compared with the conventional prediction model. The equivalent stress and maximum axial force are the first and secondary limitation factors of the riser deployment. In addition, as the number of hang-off riser increases, the reliability is on the decline, and wave height is the main limiting factor of operational reliability.

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隔水管下放是深水钻井的重要步骤,此过程中卡盘承担隔水管系统全部重量,加之复杂多变的深水环境,导致下放作业风险较大。为了确保隔水管下放作业安全,本文针对隔水管连续下放工况,构建环境载荷参数联合分布模型,确定基于IAGA-BRNN的结构响应智能预测模型,结合蒙特卡洛方法形成隔水管下放作业可靠性评估方法并开展应用实例研究。结果表明:环境载荷参数联合分布模型中大部分参数符合Weibull分布和Beta分布;提出的预测模型在所有指标上均保持较好的水平,且较常规预测模型最多提高了76.77%;隔水管等效应力和最大轴向力是影响下放作业安全的首要和次要限制因素,且随着悬挂隔水管根数增加,结构可靠度呈下降趋势,将波高作为限制条件可有效提高作业可靠性。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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朱高庚(1993-),男,博士研究生

陈国明(1962-),男,教授,博士生导师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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figureFileBig=Evr5hE0NVFnLIFZMYJ2QnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243301648701965301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301631463375315, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Operational reliability of riser deployment under human intervention, figureFileSmall=ZWNLH9yCBMyT1OueVB4p2A==, figureFileBig=EfJkQ66y0H1NOwA2c8wHrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243301648840377338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301631463375315, language=CN, label=图9, caption=人为干预下隔水管下放作业可靠性, figureFileSmall=ZWNLH9yCBMyT1OueVB4p2A==, figureFileBig=EfJkQ66y0H1NOwA2c8wHrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243301648915874813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301631463375315, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Operation criteria of riser deployment

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名称限制准则依据
隔水管最大等效应力Smises/MPa≤370API RP 16Q标准规定;隔水管所用X80钢屈服强度为552 MPa,安全系数为0.67
隔水管最大动态轴向力Tmax/MN≤11.27平台最大钩载限制为1150吨
隔水管最小动态轴向力Tmin/MN≥0.445隔水管不能出现动态压缩,一般最小值取100 kips=0.445 MN
隔水管在平台月池处位移Ump/m≤4.5隔水管不能和月池发生碰撞,月池尺寸为45 m×9 m
底部挠性接头转角Rfjt/(°)≤9API RP 16Q标准规定
), ArticleFig(id=1243301649041702915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301631463375315, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

隔水管下放作业限制准则

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名称限制准则依据
隔水管最大等效应力Smises/MPa≤370API RP 16Q标准规定;隔水管所用X80钢屈服强度为552 MPa,安全系数为0.67
隔水管最大动态轴向力Tmax/MN≤11.27平台最大钩载限制为1150吨
隔水管最小动态轴向力Tmin/MN≥0.445隔水管不能出现动态压缩,一般最小值取100 kips=0.445 MN
隔水管在平台月池处位移Ump/m≤4.5隔水管不能和月池发生碰撞,月池尺寸为45 m×9 m
底部挠性接头转角Rfjt/(°)≤9API RP 16Q标准规定
), ArticleFig(id=1243301649138171911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301631463375315, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Structural configuration of riser deployment

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名称外径/m内径/m长度/m有效重量/kg数量
伸缩节0.71120.660430.312416101
10ft短节0.53340.48583.04834451
20ft短节0.53340.48586.09649821
2000ft浮力单根0.53340.489016.76456526
4000ft浮力单根0.53340.489016.764171724
6000ft浮力单根0.53340.489016.764279223
隔水管裸单根0.53340.485816.764104081
下挠性接头--2.98890011
LMRP--7.8441689501
BOP--9.9832063601
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隔水管下放配置表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称外径/m内径/m长度/m有效重量/kg数量
伸缩节0.71120.660430.312416101
10ft短节0.53340.48583.04834451
20ft短节0.53340.48586.09649821
2000ft浮力单根0.53340.489016.76456526
4000ft浮力单根0.53340.489016.764171724
6000ft浮力单根0.53340.489016.764279223
隔水管裸单根0.53340.485816.764104081
下挠性接头--2.98890011
LMRP--7.8441689501
BOP--9.9832063601
), ArticleFig(id=1243301649385635857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243301631463375315, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Prediction performance of IAGA-BRNN model

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预测指标预测模型SmisesTmax&TminUmpRfjt
RMSEIAGA-BRNN0.0070.0380.0200.023
BPNN0.0210.0500.0300.099
CCIAGA-BRNN99.48%99.10%99.76%99.82%
BPNN95.78%98.44%99.46%96.51%
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IAGA-BRNN模型预测性能评价表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测指标预测模型SmisesTmax&TminUmpRfjt
RMSEIAGA-BRNN0.0070.0380.0200.023
BPNN0.0210.0500.0300.099
CCIAGA-BRNN99.48%99.10%99.76%99.82%
BPNN95.78%98.44%99.46%96.51%
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深水钻井隔水管下放作业可靠性智能评估方法
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朱高庚 , 陈国明 , 刘康
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025,29(1): 123-133
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025, 29(1): 123-133
深水钻井隔水管下放作业可靠性智能评估方法
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朱高庚, 陈国明 , 刘康
作者信息
  • 中国石油大学(华东) 海洋油气装备与安全技术研究中心,山东 青岛 266580
  • 朱高庚(1993-),男,博士研究生

    陈国明(1962-),男,教授,博士生导师,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Intelligent assessment method of reliability for deepwater riser deployment
Gao-geng ZHU, Guo-ming CHEN , Kang LIU
Affiliations
  • Centre for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
出版时间: 2025-01-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.012
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隔水管下放是深水钻井的重要步骤,此过程中卡盘承担隔水管系统全部重量,加之复杂多变的深水环境,导致下放作业风险较大。为了确保隔水管下放作业安全,本文针对隔水管连续下放工况,构建环境载荷参数联合分布模型,确定基于IAGA-BRNN的结构响应智能预测模型,结合蒙特卡洛方法形成隔水管下放作业可靠性评估方法并开展应用实例研究。结果表明:环境载荷参数联合分布模型中大部分参数符合Weibull分布和Beta分布;提出的预测模型在所有指标上均保持较好的水平,且较常规预测模型最多提高了76.77%;隔水管等效应力和最大轴向力是影响下放作业安全的首要和次要限制因素,且随着悬挂隔水管根数增加,结构可靠度呈下降趋势,将波高作为限制条件可有效提高作业可靠性。

隔水管下放  /  可靠性  /  蒙特卡洛  /  神经网络  /  遗传算法

Riser deployment is an important step in deepwater drilling, during which the spider is the primary support of the riser system. At the same time, the harsh deepwater environment leads to a high risk of riser deployment. To ensure the safety of riser deployment, firstly, a joint distribution model of environmental parameters was constructed. Then, an intelligent prediction model of structural response based on IAGA-BRNN was determined. Finally, the method of structure reliability assessment for riser deployment was established combining Monte Carlo, and a case study was carried out. Results show that most parameters in the joint distribution model of environment obey Weibull distribution and Beta distribution. The prediction model proposed in this paper performs well in all the prediction indicators, and has a stronger prediction ability compared with the conventional prediction model. The equivalent stress and maximum axial force are the first and secondary limitation factors of the riser deployment. In addition, as the number of hang-off riser increases, the reliability is on the decline, and wave height is the main limiting factor of operational reliability.

riser deployment  /  reliability  /  Monte Carlo  /  neural network  /  genetic algorithm
朱高庚, 陈国明, 刘康. 深水钻井隔水管下放作业可靠性智能评估方法. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (1) : 123 -133 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.012
Gao-geng ZHU, Guo-ming CHEN, Kang LIU. Intelligent assessment method of reliability for deepwater riser deployment[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (1) : 123 -133 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.012
深水钻井隔水管系统是深水油气开采重要而又薄弱的环节[1],下放作业时隔水管系统处于悬挂状态,不仅受到平台运动和自身不均匀重量分布的影响,还有来自波浪海流等不确定环境因素联合作用,整个系统受力复杂并呈现一定随机性,如何保证其结构完整可靠和作业安全是深水钻井必须考虑的问题[2]。针对隔水管下放作业时的悬挂状态,相关学者分别研究了水深条件[3]、恶劣海况[4]、浮力块配置[5]、悬挂模式[6]等不同因素对隔水管力学行为的影响,并建立了悬挂隔水管安全作业窗口[7-8]。以上研究为隔水管作业安全分析提供了良好的基础,但并未考虑环境载荷随机性,在不确定的环境条件下,确定性方法可能导致过于保守或不安全的设计。近年来,部分学者考虑环境载荷[9]、管柱尺寸[10]和工艺条件[11]等的概率分布评估隔水管结构可靠性,但只有少量研究考虑了随机变量相关性[12]对可靠性计算结果的影响。此外,目前大部分研究是基于数值模拟技术进行管柱响应的计算,对建模水平要求较高且耗时较长,不能满足可靠性分析要求。借助人工智能算法进行预测可大大降低对计算资源的需求[13],但常规的误差反馈神经网络(Back Propagation Neural Network,BPNN)和支持向量机等常规方法也存在容易陷入局部最优、网络结构和内核函数难以确定及泛化能力差等问题[14-15]。笔者针对隔水管下放作业的动态过程,考虑环境载荷的联合概率分布和平台运动影响,建立下放隔水管数值分析模型,结合改善的自适应遗传算法(Improved Adaptive Genetic Algorithm,IAGA)和贝叶斯正则化神经网络(Bayesian Regularization of Neural Network,BRNN)开展结构响应预测,依据作业失效准则确定结构失效功能函数,利用蒙特卡洛(Monte Carlo,MC)方法开展隔水管下放作业可靠性评估。
在深水钻井作业中,常见的隔水管下放作业有四种场景[16]:(1)正常钻井作业时,完成井口安装起钻后连接底部隔水管总成(Lower Marine Riser Package,LMRP)和防喷器(Blowout Preventer,BOP)进行隔水管下放作业;(2)BOP失效需要回收进行维修时,维修完成后将隔水管作为下放工具重新安装LMRP&BOP;(3)LMRP故障需要回收进行维修时,维修完成后将隔水管作为下放工具重新安装LMRP;(4)遭遇台风等极端海况时需要将隔水管从LMRP与BOP连接处断开,悬挂或者回收隔水管至甲板,台风过后重新下放底部连接LMRP的隔水管。
由于第(1)种场景下隔水管底部同时连接LMRP&BOP,且下放隔水管长度最长,是四种场景中最频繁且较危险的作业场景,因此本文选择第(1)种场景进行隔水管下放作业研究。依据深水钻井规程和相关文献[17-18],正常钻井时隔水管下放作业流程大致可分为:①准备工作;②防喷器入水;③隔水管下入和试压;④连接伸缩节和张紧器;⑤坐入BOP和安装分流器:⑥BOP试压。
依据深水钻井隔水管下放作业流程,按照风险程度和水深位置的不同,可将下放作业分为三种工况,分别是飞溅区工况、连续下放工况和海底安装工况。其中,飞溅区工况发生在隔水管下放作业初期,此工况下会产生较大的波浪载荷力和入水砰击力,可能导致隔水管产生较大的横向偏移与月池发生碰撞,并存在隔水管轴向动态压缩的风险;连续下放工况时需要不断连接新的隔水管并下入水中,此过程持续时间最长,伴随着深水复杂多变的海况,平台升沉运动与隔水管系统重量耦合,隔水管的轴向极大张力存在超出平台最大钩载能力的风险,也可能发生由于应力超过屈服极限导致的隔水管顶部断裂事故。海底安装工况是在完成所有隔水管连接和下入后,将LMRP&BOP与海底井口连接的作业,此时悬挂隔水管长度最大并随平台运动,存在因平台垂荡幅度过大超出伸缩节冲程的风险,同时要防范隔水管底部与井口或海底碰撞,避免隔水管触底及底部断裂事故发生。
在连续下放工况时,卡盘需要承担隔水管单根、辅助管线、LMRP&BOP以及其他部件的全部重量,下放周期较长,作业过程风险较大,对隔水管系统的安全可靠性提出了较高的要求,因此本文重点针对隔水管的连续下放作业开展可靠性评估。
下放作业时隔水管顶部固定于平台卡盘上,底部连接LMRP&BOP为自由端,主要受轴向自身重力和横向波流联合力影响,隔水管的微分控制方程[6]
式中:E为隔水管弹性模量,单位为Pa;I为截面惯性矩,单位为m4T为轴向力,单位为N;m为隔水管单位长度振动质量,包括单位长度质量及附连水质量等,单位为kg/m;t为时间,单位为s。
隔水管轴向力沿其长度方向变化,任一位置处轴向力为
式中,ma为LMRP&BOP质量,单位为kg;z取值为[0,L],其中L为隔水管长度,单位为m。
考虑隔水管运动,波浪和海流的联合作用力采用修正的Morison方程[19-20]近似表示为
式中,ρ为海水密度,单位为kg/m3CM为惯性力系数;Do为隔水管水动力外径,单位为m;aw为波浪水质点水平加速度,单位为m/s2ar为隔水管水平加速度,单位为m/s2CD为拖曳力系数;vw为波浪水质点水平速度,单位为m/s;vc为海流水质点水平速度,单位为m/s;vr为隔水管水平速度,单位为m/s。
下放过程中隔水管顶部坐于卡盘上,此时两者近似于刚性连接,平台运动直接传递至隔水管顶部,底部为自由端,顶部边界条件[19]
式中:i取值为1~6之间整数,分别代表平台的6个自由度;A1A2A3分别为平台横荡、纵荡和垂荡的运动幅值,单位为m;A4A5A6分别为平台横摇、纵摇和艏摇的运动幅度,单位为°;Ti为平台运动周期,单位为s;φi为平台运动的相位角,单位为°。
参考南海陵水区块环境资料和相关文献[21-22],建立波浪和海流参数的联合分布模型,确定相关环境参数。依据原始数据拟合有义波高Hs的累积分布函数(Cumulative Distribution Function,CDF),如图1所示,FHs)为Hs的CDF,服从两参数Weibull分布,有
式中,形状参数βHs=1.743,尺寸参数ηHs=1.904。
根据数据拟合结果,跨零周期Tz服从以Hs为条件的Normal分布,两者的联合概率密度函数(Probability Density Function,PDF)如图2所示,fTz/Hs)和fHsTz)分别为Tz的条件PDF和联合PDF,有
式中,均值,标准差σ=0.712exp(-0.492Hs)+0.454。
平均波浪角θwave服从以Hs为条件的Beta分布,该分布要求变量取值为[0,1],因此令,得到分别为的条件PDF和联合PDF:
式中,α1=3.521exp(-0.372Hs)+2.181,
不同Hsθwave的PDF和Hs的联合PDF如图3图4所示。
表层海流速度Vs服从两参数Weibull分布,其PDF为
式中,形状参数βVs=2.262,尺寸参数ηVs=0.286。
平均海流角θcur服从以Vs为条件的Beta分布,令,得到分别为的条件PDF和联合PDF:
式中,α2=-5.499exp(0.376Vs)+14.14,
下放作业隔水管结构可靠性评估方法如图5所示,主要包括结构响应数值分析、结构响应智能预测模型和结构可靠性评估三部分。首先结合环境载荷参数联合分布模型和平台水动力分析模型,形成下放隔水管数值分析模型,开展结构响应分析;然后,以数值分析结果作为样本集,结合IAGA确定最优隐藏节点个数,利用BRNN建立结构响应智能预测模型;最后,基于作业限制准则构建结构功能函数,结合结构响应预测结果,利用MC方法开展隔水管下放不同作业阶段可靠性评估。
下放隔水管结构数值分析模型主要包括环境载荷模型、管柱结构模型和边界条件三部分:环境载荷主要包括波浪载荷和海流载荷,可由环境载荷参数联合分布模型获得;管柱尺寸和力学性能参数由隔水管下放配置表获得,由于隔水管下放作业为动态过程,不同阶段隔水管配置不同,依据浮力块等级不同,分别建立不同悬挂根数的隔水管模型;悬挂隔水管顶部和平台刚性连接,底部为自由端,顶部边界条件与平台运动保持一致,由于环境载荷不仅直接对管柱作用,也会对平台运动产生作用进而影响隔水管,因此需要首先确定平台的运动响应。
依据平台的尺寸和质量参数,利用AWQA建立平台的湿表面模型,开展不同角度和频率下的平台运动频域分析,形成平台六自由度幅值响应算子(Response Amplitude Operator,RAO),确定平台在不同环境载荷下的运动响应作为隔水管建模边界条件。结合隔水管数值模型,利用ANSYS动态分析得到隔水管的最大等效应力、挠性接头转角、最大最小轴向力和不同位置最大横向位移等数据,作为后续管柱结构响应预测的训练样本。
利用BRNN模型的贝叶斯正则化方法限制网络权值,结合IAGA的自适应交叉变异算子确定最优隐藏节点数,改善网络结构,提高模型的收敛能力、预测精度和泛化能力,形成基于IAGA-BRNN的下放隔水管结构响应预测模型。
BRNN利用贝叶斯正则化方法训练BPNN,通过在训练性能函数中引入惩罚系数和网络权值来降低网络复杂度,提升网络的泛化能力,其训练性能函数F[23]修正为
式中,αβ为正则化系数,ED为网络输出的均方误差,EW为网络权值的均方误差,n为训练数据集的样本总数,m为网络权值的总数,ti为第i组样本的目标输出值,oi为第i组样本的实际输出值,wj为第j个网络权值。
BRNN的关键在于正则化系数的选取,因此在训练时首先选定初始的αβ,并将网络权值视为随机变量,同时认为训练数据集与权集的先验概率服从高斯分布,然后依据贝叶斯准则,由后验概率求得F在最小点处的αβ优化解:
式中,w为网络权集,D为训练数据集,M为所用神经网络模型,Pw|DαβM)为给定wD的后验概率分布,PD|αβM)为标准化因子。
IAGA利用Sigmoid函数实现PcPm非线性调整[24],在演化迭代过程中保证优秀个体的种群优势,提高劣势个体的变异能力,使算法能够跳出局部最优解,加快收敛速度。PcPm的自适应调整公式分别为
式中,最小交叉概率Pcmin=0.5,最大交叉概率Pcmax=0.8,最小变异概率Pmmin=0.005,最大变异概率Pmmax=0.05,fc为参与交叉个体中较大的适应度,fm为变异个体的适应度,fmin为种群的最小适应度,favg为种群的平均适应度,调整系数ω=9.904。
根据相关标准[25]和作业安全要求,确定隔水管下放作业的限制准则如表1
参考表1,当超出任何一项准则时,可认为结构失效,因此确定下放作业隔水管结构功能函数ZZ1=370-SmisesZ2=11.27-TmaxZ3=Tmin-0.445,Z4=4.5-UmpZ5=9-Rfjt五部分构成,当且仅当Z1Z2Z3Z4Z5均大于0时,Z>0,Z可表示为以下变量的函数:
式中,N为悬挂隔水管根数;Z=0时,即为下放隔水管结构的极限状态方程。
目前工程中广泛使用响应面法和MC方法求解此类问题可靠性,响应面法的核心思想是利用合适的多项式近似替代极限状态方程,但当结构问题较为复杂或呈现很强的非线性时,该方法难以准确评估结构可靠性。MC方法通过对大样本的重复计算,进而获取结果统计特征,是一种相对精确法,常被用作其他方法的验证标准。其最大缺点在于大样本重复计算非常耗时,但本文通过基于IAGA-BRNN的预测模型可在尽量保持MC方法精度的前提下大大减轻其计算负担。此外,本文采用拉丁超立方抽样(LHS)方法对输入概率累积分布在(0,1)上进行等区间分层并在每层中随机抽取样本,可有效避免样本的聚集效应。
以中国南海某深水钻井隔水管下放作业为例进行分析,管柱配置参数见表2
结合下放作业隔水管结构可靠性评估方法,通过LHS获取250组环境参数样本,分别建立悬挂15根、35根、55根和75根隔水管的4组管柱模型,形成1000组隔水管数值模型。以环境参数、不同阶段悬挂管柱参数和平台运动响应参数共同组成的1000组数据作为输入样本,利用数值模拟得到的1000组结构响应作为输出样本,共同组成1000组样本集,其中75%作为训练样本,25%作为测试样本。利用750组训练样本训练IAGA-BRNN预测模型并计算250组测试输入样本的输出响应,如图6所示。以输出的最大等效应力值Smises为例,其预测输出值和目标输出值对比分析如图7所示。
图6可知,250组测试样本的预测输出中SmisesTmax均存在超过限制的情况,其中Smises是影响隔水管安全下放作业的主要限制因素,主要原因是下放作业后期的悬挂隔水管长度较长。其他如TminUmpRfjt等均满足要求,且远低于限制准则,主要是硬悬挂作业模式和LMRP&BOP的存在,避免了隔水管产生动态压缩和较大的横向偏移。由图7可知,测试样本的Smises预测值绝大部分落在理想回归方程对应的直线上,说明IAGA-BRNN模型的预测输出和目标输出较为吻合,该模型具有较好的预测能力。同时通过均方根误差(RMSE)和相关系数(CC)两个指标分析预测输出结果误差(归一化后),并对比BPNN模型的预测结果评价IAGA-BRNN模型的预测性能,分析结果见表3
分析表3可知,IAGA-BRNN模型在5项预测输出值的预测指标上均保持较好的水平,相较常规的BPNN模型,基于IAGA-BRNN的结构响应预测模型在两个预测指标上均有明显提升,RMSE最多降低了76.77%,CC最高提升了3.86%,证明提出的模型预测能力更强,为后续的可靠性评估结果准确性提供了保障。
由于隔水管下放作业是一个动态过程,不同下放阶段悬挂管柱根数和长度不同,结构可靠性也有明显差异,依据浮力块等级不同,分别选取悬挂15根、35根、55根和75根隔水管时的下放状态计算结构可靠度(表征系统可靠性的概率度量指数),结果如图8所示。
图8可知,随着悬挂隔水管根数的增加,结构可靠度呈减小趋势,主要是由于隔水管长度的增加导致最大等效应力增大及作用在结构上的波流联合力增加,而隔水管等效应力是限制作业安全的首要因素,因此结构可靠度下降。按照文献中给出的安全作业参考线[12],当可靠度大于99%时可认为下放作业是安全的,在安全系数为0.67时,悬挂55根和75根隔水管进行下放作业均不满足要求;悬挂75根隔水管时(目标下放长度)结构可靠度为95.39%,此时结构可靠度最低,因此,应当按照作业要求及时释放伸缩节和张紧器,将大钩载荷逐步转移到张紧器上,减小卡盘载荷和平台运动对隔水管系统影响。当安全系数分别提高至0.8和0.9时,前者只有悬挂75根隔水管作业时结构可靠度略低于安全要求,后者在隔水管下放的全部阶段均满足要求,且随着安全系数的提高,可靠度下降趋势逐渐放缓。
在进行隔水管下放作业时,作业人员会根据海洋水文预报和现场监测海况随时调整下放策略,因此分别针对以下三个环境参数设定停止作业条件,包括Hs>5 m时停止作业、Tz>10 s时停止、Vs>1 m/s时停止作业和以上任一超过限制时停止作业,计算在人为干预下的隔水管下放作业可靠性,结果如图9所示。分析可知,将Hs作为限制条件时,可靠性提升效果最为明显,最大可提高4.07%,此时所有作业阶段下放作业可靠性均大于99%,满足安全作业要求;将TzVs作为限制条件时,可靠性提升效果均不明显,悬挂55根和75根隔水管时仍不满足安全要求;相比仅将Hs作为限制条件,综合考虑三种环境参数进行人为干预,在各作业阶段可靠性仅有小幅提升,但会增加作业复杂性和分散作业人员精力,不利于做出准确判断,因此建议仅考虑Hs作为限制准则调整隔水管下放作业策略,以保证下放作业安全。
由于本文既考虑环境载荷对隔水管的直接影响,又考虑环境载荷对平台运动作用传递给隔水管的间接影响,但并未考虑动力定位(DP)系统会实时修正和抵抗平台的漂移,导致可靠性结果整体比较保守。此外,等效应力限制准则本身有较大的安全裕量,加上人为干预可以随时调整下放策略,因此在本文给定的海况和工况中隔水管下放作业总体上是安全可行的。以满足限制准则为首要条件,针对隔水管下放作业提出以下预防和改进措施:选择合适的海况和下放波浪相位角;将钻井平台进行顺流漂移并选择合适的平台漂移速度;适当放缓隔水管下放速度;完成安装后及时连接张紧器和释放伸缩节;有条件的可以选择双井架作业等。
本文针对隔水管连续下放工况,构建了环境载荷参数联合分布模型,确定了基于IAGA-BRNN的结构响应智能预测模型,结合蒙特卡洛方法形成了隔水管下放作业可靠性智能评估方法,主要结论包括:
(1)分析四种常见的隔水管下放场景,明确正常钻井作业是最频繁且较危险的作业场景,识别下放作业时三种工况的风险因素和结构弱点,确定连续下放工况为重点关注对象,同时建立环境载荷参数的联合分布模型,发现大部分参数符合Weibull分布和Beta分布。
(2)提出下放作业隔水管结构可靠性评估流程,建立基于IAGA-BRNN的结构响应智能预测模型,分析结果表明该模型在所有结构响应的预测指标上均保持较好的水平,且相较常规的BPNN模型有明显提升,具有更强的预测能力。
(3)明确隔水管等效应力和最大轴向力是影响下放作业安全的首要和次要限制因素,可靠性评估结果表明随着悬挂隔水管根数增加,结构可靠度呈下降趋势,但随着安全系数的提高,可靠度下降趋势放缓,将波高作为作业限制条件可大幅提升作业可靠性。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52104016)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0804501)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.01.012
  • 接收时间:2024-07-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-15
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52104016)
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0804501)
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    中国石油大学(华东) 海洋油气装备与安全技术研究中心,山东 青岛 266580

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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