Article(id=1243253927521665639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243253924128469739, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736870400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774344434862, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1752940800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774344434862, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774344434862, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774344434862, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243253924128469739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='7', pageStart='1013', pageEnd='1180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774344434053, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501521460, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243912796535107926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243253924128469739, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243912796535107927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243253924128469739, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1023, endPage=1033, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243253927823655530, articleId=1243253927521665639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Short-term statistical characteristics of ship motion quiescent period, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Marine operations, such as takeoff and landing of carrier-based aircraft, ship fuel supply, and ship lifting operations, have strict requirements for the movement of ships and need to be carried out within the quiescent period window to ensure operational safety. However, the incidence probability of a quiescent period window under high sea conditions is relatively low. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the probability of the target sea area’s quiescent period in advance for the planning and deployment of offshore operations. This article establishes a ship motion probability model based on the statistical characteristics of ship motion to study the short-term statistical characteristics of quiescent periods. Simulation data is used to verify the statistical characteristics of motion, the joint statistical features of motion amplitude-period, proving the accuracy of the model. Subsequently, the probability of continuous small movements below the operational threshold during the quiescent period have been analyzed. The results indicate that the established ship motion probability model and the ship continuous small amplitude motion probability model can accurately reflect the motion characteristics and probability of quiescent periods of ships under corresponding sea conditions. This study can provide the probability of a quiescent period meeting the operational requirements before the ship enters a certain sea area for operation, and also provide the probability of a quiescent period occurring in a certain period of time before the operation, providing auxiliary decision-making for the navigation operation plan of offshore ships.

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舰载机起降、船舶燃油补给、船舶起重作业等海上作业对船舶的运动有着严格的要求,需要在安稳期窗口内进行以确保作业安全。然而,在高海况下安稳期窗口的出现概率较低。因此,提前评估目标海域安稳期的概率对于海上作业的规划和部署至关重要。针对该问题本文基于船舶运动的统计特性建立了船舶运动概率模型,对安稳期短期统计特性进行研究,并利用仿真数据对运动统计特征与运动幅值-周期联合统计特征进行验证,证明了模型的准确性。随后对安稳期关注的低于作业阈值的连续小幅运动概率进行分析。结果表明,建立的船舶运动概率模型与船舶连续小幅运动概率模型,能够较为准确地反映船舶在相应海况下的运动特征与安稳期出现概率。本研究能够提前在船舶进入某海域作业前给出满足作业要求的安稳期发生概率,同时能在作业前的一段时间内给出安稳期出现的概率,为海上船舶的航行作业计划提供辅助决策。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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张云驰(1999-),男,博士研究生

黄礼敏(1988-),男,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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张云驰(1999-),男,博士研究生

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articleId=1243253927521665639, language=CN, label=图16, caption=横摇连续小幅运动概率, figureFileSmall=Dbenr8XCdYoohWmzhOLqVg==, figureFileBig=x+c7wNfN8AIvLIfAYvXsNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243253944919638410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243253927521665639, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=Probability of continuous small heave motion, figureFileSmall=zKSdCbf1/i2aZLKtfKfZ1g==, figureFileBig=goZAFG80jJfyT5Am9HbLOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243253944995135885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243253927521665639, language=CN, label=图17, caption=垂荡连续小幅运动概率, figureFileSmall=zKSdCbf1/i2aZLKtfKfZ1g==, figureFileBig=goZAFG80jJfyT5Am9HbLOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243253945091604880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243253927521665639, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Sea condition setting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海况级别有义波高/m特征周期/s
五级3.58.5
六级5.59.5
七级7.510.5
), ArticleFig(id=1243253945204851094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243253927521665639, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

海况设定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海况级别有义波高/m特征周期/s
五级3.58.5
六级5.59.5
七级7.510.5
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船舶运动安稳期短期统计特性研究
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张云驰 1 , 段文洋 1 , 黄礼敏 2 , 马学文 1, 3
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025,29(7): 1023-1033
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025, 29(7): 1023-1033
船舶运动安稳期短期统计特性研究
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张云驰1, 段文洋1, 黄礼敏2 , 马学文1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.哈尔滨工程大学 船舶工程学院,哈尔滨 150001
  • 2.哈尔滨工程大学 青岛创新发展基地,山东 青岛 266000
  • 3.哈尔滨工程大学 青岛创新发展中心,山东 青岛 266000
  • 张云驰(1999-),男,博士研究生

    黄礼敏(1988-),男,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Short-term statistical characteristics of ship motion quiescent period
Yun-chi ZHANG1, Wen-yang DUAN1, Li-min HUANG2 , Xue-wen MA1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
  • 2.Qingdao Innovation and Development Base of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China
  • 3.Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.002
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舰载机起降、船舶燃油补给、船舶起重作业等海上作业对船舶的运动有着严格的要求,需要在安稳期窗口内进行以确保作业安全。然而,在高海况下安稳期窗口的出现概率较低。因此,提前评估目标海域安稳期的概率对于海上作业的规划和部署至关重要。针对该问题本文基于船舶运动的统计特性建立了船舶运动概率模型,对安稳期短期统计特性进行研究,并利用仿真数据对运动统计特征与运动幅值-周期联合统计特征进行验证,证明了模型的准确性。随后对安稳期关注的低于作业阈值的连续小幅运动概率进行分析。结果表明,建立的船舶运动概率模型与船舶连续小幅运动概率模型,能够较为准确地反映船舶在相应海况下的运动特征与安稳期出现概率。本研究能够提前在船舶进入某海域作业前给出满足作业要求的安稳期发生概率,同时能在作业前的一段时间内给出安稳期出现的概率,为海上船舶的航行作业计划提供辅助决策。

安稳期  /  窄带高斯过程  /  安稳期统计估计  /  联合分布

Marine operations, such as takeoff and landing of carrier-based aircraft, ship fuel supply, and ship lifting operations, have strict requirements for the movement of ships and need to be carried out within the quiescent period window to ensure operational safety. However, the incidence probability of a quiescent period window under high sea conditions is relatively low. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the probability of the target sea area’s quiescent period in advance for the planning and deployment of offshore operations. This article establishes a ship motion probability model based on the statistical characteristics of ship motion to study the short-term statistical characteristics of quiescent periods. Simulation data is used to verify the statistical characteristics of motion, the joint statistical features of motion amplitude-period, proving the accuracy of the model. Subsequently, the probability of continuous small movements below the operational threshold during the quiescent period have been analyzed. The results indicate that the established ship motion probability model and the ship continuous small amplitude motion probability model can accurately reflect the motion characteristics and probability of quiescent periods of ships under corresponding sea conditions. This study can provide the probability of a quiescent period meeting the operational requirements before the ship enters a certain sea area for operation, and also provide the probability of a quiescent period occurring in a certain period of time before the operation, providing auxiliary decision-making for the navigation operation plan of offshore ships.

quiescent period  /  narrow-band Gaussian process  /  statistical quiescence estimation  /  joint distribution
张云驰, 段文洋, 黄礼敏, 马学文. 船舶运动安稳期短期统计特性研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (7) : 1023 -1033 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.002
Yun-chi ZHANG, Wen-yang DUAN, Li-min HUANG, Xue-wen MA. Short-term statistical characteristics of ship motion quiescent period[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (7) : 1023 -1033 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.002
由于海浪、风、流的影响,船舶及海洋平台会产生六自由度运动。在中高海况下波浪与船舶的运动幅值一般较大,当运动的幅值超过某项作业安全要求的阈值极限时,会对航行作业安全以及效率产生极大的影响。但是在其运动时历中包含着部分运动较小的时间片段,这些片段的峰值在允许峰值范围内,运动幅度较小,这些片段就称为船舶运动的安稳期(Quiescent Period)[1]
许多海上作业的效率和安全因船舶运动的影响而受到限制,舰载直升机的着舰作业对船舶运动的要求为纵摇不大于1.5°,横摇不大于2.5°,垂荡不大于1 m/s[2]。舰载机直升机在海洋平台上着陆时,为了安全起见有必要对航母的各种摇摆运动进行预测。对于船舶燃油补给作业,补给船与被补给船需要进行靠船操作,在这一过程中,船舶的过阈运动极容易导致事故的发生。因而,补给船在进行加油作业前,要根据当地海域的海况提前规划海上加油的作业时间、作业地点和作业方法。由风、浪引起的船舶多自由度运动也会导致一些货船、起重机船、海洋平台的起重作业系统无法正常工作。如果能够给出船舶在复杂海况下航行的安稳期概率,对于航行规划及海上作业安全是有利的。
目前,国内外对于船舶运动及安稳期预报的研究主要有两种方法:一种是物理方法,即基于物理方程建立物理模型来描述船舶特性和运动规律,以推导出船舶运动的预报结果,这种方法通常依赖于物理原理和海洋动力学理论,目前最常用且有效的模型就是线性势流模型,计算快速、高效,能在频域中解决问题,与非稳态方法相比,它的计算成本非常低且能够达到实时预测的效果[3],然而在高海况下线性势流模型并不适用,非线性势流模型虽然有着更好的预测效果,但是它们的计算成本很高并且通常不具备在线性能[4];另一种方法是数据驱动方法,它利用大量历史数据和现场观测数据,通过机器学习等技术来发现海洋环境与船舶运动之间的关联规律,并基于这些规律进行预报。数据驱动方法的优势在于可以处理复杂的非线性关系和不确定性,作为黑箱模型并不需要对物理知识有深入的理解,缺点是它的数据需求量较大,且都存在泛化性较差的情况[5]
基于物理方法的船舶运动及安稳期预报研究主要分为线性势流模型与非线性势流模型,Dannenberg(2009)等[6]在荷兰MARIN水池开发的在线波浪船舶运动预报(OWME)系统采用的就是线性势流模型,该系统能够提前两分钟预测船舶运动的安稳期,其预测的运动时历幅值和相位与实测运动时历相比存在明显偏差,但运动的包络线预测准确。Connell(2015)等[7]使用降阶模型方法实现对船舶运动的预测,其纵摇的相关性为0.68,垂荡相关性为0.62。Naaijen(2016)等[8]在势流理论的基础上构建了船舶运动预测系统,与在北海的海上试验获得的实际测量值进行比较,其垂荡的预测结果相关性在0.8~0.9之间。Rahaman(2017)等[9]使用基于商用的势流求解器HydroSTAR提供了集装箱、油轮和散货船的斜浪模拟结果,证明势流在预测船舶波浪运动方面的可靠性。Mortola(2011)等[10]使用非线性势流方法对S175船进行了船舶运动预报的研究,提前一步预报的纵摇和垂荡的RAO的最大误差为0.1(相对于线性频率方法)。
基于数据驱动的船舶运动预报研究可以处理非线性问题,Triantafyllou(1983)等[11]使用卡尔曼滤波技术的模型对DD-963驱逐舰进行了垂荡、纵摇、横摇等运动的预测,但其预报精度在高海况下受非线性现象影响较大。Yumori(1981)[12]使用自回归移动平均(ARMA)模型,将船舶运动及波浪数据输入,可以很好地给出预测时间小于4 s时的结果,但其同样受非线性的影响。Duan(2019)等[13]提出基于LSTM深度学习模型的船舶运动实时估计方法。Zhang(2021)等[14]提出了多尺度注意力LSTM模型,将小波变换及注意力机制与LSTM结合,能够抑制噪声的存在,提高了预报性能。Sun(2022)等[15]将LSTM模型与GPR结合,可以同时获得高精度的点预测结果和可靠的区间预测结果。Ke(2023)等[16]提出了CNN-LSTM的船舶运动极值预报模型,在预报一步时其精度相比于LSTM有所提升。
上述的船舶运动安稳期预报方法,均是需要利用作业前一段时间的历史数据进行计算才能给出船舶运动安稳期。而在某些情况下,执行作业的海域安稳期出现的概率极低,很难保证作业安全,因此针对船舶尚未进入海域航行作业的情况,提前给出该海域的安稳期发生的概率显得尤为重要。
人们通过对船舶运动的观测分析发现,船舶运动存在着一定的规律性。在数理统计上,我们把这种由大量数据统计分析得到的规律称为统计特性。可以通过引入数学模型对船舶运动的统计特性进行分析。安稳期统计估计(statistical quiescence estimation)的概念,是针对已知海况条件下的安稳期统计特性的分析。在船舶进入某海域作业或实际作业前,应提前给出船舶航行在复杂海况下遇到各种危险情况的概率。如果安稳期发生的概率很低,或者安稳期时间过短,那么一些作业将没有必要进行,将这种做法作为航行作业规划的前提,对于航行规划及海上作业安全是有利的。安稳期统计估计的应用范围有两方面:一是给定海域位置以及该海域的海况条件,对航行作业进行规划;二是利用航行作业时记录的数据在作业前几分钟给出安稳期出现的概率。Cademartori(2023)等[17]将基于安稳期统计估计方法的船舶运动安稳期计算归类为混合模型,混合模型是物理和数据驱动结合起来构建模型,该类模型主要依靠使用潜在现象的先验物理信息和历史数据。
目前安稳期统计估计研究方法在船舶运动安稳期概率方面应用的相关研究较少。本文针对目前对于安稳期统计估计方法的研究现状,以研究船舶的运动特性为基础,建立数学模型,分析不同海况下船舶的运动特性;将数学模型计算的结果与线性波浪模拟得到的数据统计结果进行对比分析,验证模型的准确性;同时在给定实际应用场景下验证模型的有效性。本研究的重点包括:给出船舶运动安稳期概率研究的基本假设;建立船舶运动安稳期概率模型;对船舶运动的安稳期模型进行验证和分析。
本章给出了对于安稳期概率模型研究的主要假设,并通过对船舶运动峰峰值符合瑞利分布的基础,进一步开展运动峰峰值与周期的联合分布以及连续小幅运动模型的研究。
将波浪对船舶运动的影响视为线性系统的响应。在这种情况下,波浪引起的船舶运动可被视为平稳且各态历经的随机过程。经过线性系统的变换后,其特性保持不变。船舶运动安稳期模型建立是基于以下假设条件:高斯分布假设;平稳、各态历经性的随机过程;船舶运动的峰值分布可以看作是窄带高斯过程;理想流体假设;线性假设。
线性船舶运动峰峰值概率分布模型是参考了Rice分析无线电信号噪声的方法,将船舶运动位移看作是由无穷多个正弦波叠加组成的,线性模型假设下,船舶运动的振幅服从高斯正态分布,运动幅值服从瑞利(Rayleigh)分布[18],即幅值分布的概率密度函数为
式中,x为运动幅值,ε是随机过程的带宽参数,erf是误差函数,m为各阶谱矩。
mnn阶谱矩,定义如下:
对于船舶运动可以看作是窄带高斯过程,认为带宽ε=0,随机过程的幅值分布的概率密度函数式(1)可以简化为式(3),即瑞利分布:
线性理论下波形为线性,运动峰值与谷值的概率分布是对称的,可以认为运动的峰峰值h=2x,因此运动峰峰值的概率分布为
峰峰值低于h的概率公式为
式中,fh)是峰峰值为h的概率密度函数。
在窄谱假定下,考虑到运动峰峰值与周期的相关性,利用随机过程的复数表达式[19],推导得到无因次运动峰峰值h与周期t的联合概率密度函数:
无因次运动峰峰值和无因次周期:
式中,HT分别是原始运动峰峰值和周期。
fh,t)函数对t从−∝到+∝积分可以得到关于运动峰峰值的分布函数,即瑞利分布函数。而对h从−∝到+∝积分可以得到周期的分布函数ft)。
当给定运动峰峰值为h的情况下,我们可以通过下式得到周期的概率密度函数fhT):
基于马尔科夫链模型,认为运动峰峰值之间是有关系的,即前一个运动峰峰值会对后一个运动峰峰值产生影响。对于该模型的研究其基本假定是运动峰峰值符合瑞利分布。假设峰峰值小于规定的PLLh)表示下一个运动波高也小于规定的概率。连续小幅运动数目为r的概率可以由下式给出:
式中,PLh)是运动峰峰值低于的概率,这里采用的是1.2节中的峰峰值瑞利分布模型。
假设连续两个运动的峰峰值分别为h1h2,连续小幅运动的条件概率可以通过连续小幅运动的联合概率密度函数计算得到,即
式中,fh1,h2)是连续小幅运动的联合概率密度函数。连续的两个运动的峰峰值符合二元瑞利分布,基于Rice的信号处理理论推导可得:
式中,τ=t2-t1,是指第一个运动达到峰值到第二个运动达到峰值的间隔时间。为了方便计算,取τ=Tm。I0是零阶贝塞尔函数,ρτ是包络中平稳随机过程的归一化自相关函数,γt)、ζt)为计算过程变量。
式中,
基于水动力传递函数(Hydrodynamic transfer function)的快速计算方法,是将传统水动力复杂的力学求解过程简化为较为简单的水动力传递函数,是一种用于船舶运动快速计算的方法。船舶对于海浪的响应可以用幅频响应算子(RAO)描述,是指由单位波幅的规则波引起的船舶运动。它由幅频特性、相频特性两个部分组成,幅频特性是某一频率的波浪引起船舶运动的幅值,相频特性是这个运动相对于入射波的响应相位是指在这一时刻波浪扰动船舶运动后,船舶运动响应相对于波浪的时间上滞后。上标m代表船舶在某一自由度上的运动,下标i表示叠加中不同的余弦波。可以将二维不规则波看作是无数个不同波幅、不同频率、不同初始相位的单元规则波叠加而成[20],对于在二维不规则激励下产生的船舶各自由度运动,可用下式来表示:
利用式(14)所示的简单线性叠加就能计算出船舶的运动,其结果完全满足实时性的要求,使用该方法能够实时计算船舶运动。
工况设定如表1所示,利用切片法以及二维半理论获得DB5415船型的RAO数据,采用线性叠加方法获得船舶六自由度运动数据(为方便叙述,在下文中将此数据称为时历数据或时历),为后续进行船舶运动安稳期概率模型研究奠定数据基础。
图1图2分别为五级海况下船舶运动垂荡时历图及其对应的船舶能量密度谱。
在构建了船舶运动安稳期模型后,还需要对模型进行验证。仿真海况为五级、六级、七级,仿真时历为200 000 s,航速为零节,浪向角135°,使用垂荡、纵摇、横摇运动对船舶运动安稳期模型进行验证,在该数据量的基础上可以满足对船舶运动的统计特性分析。
利用1.1节给出的运动峰峰值概率模型与时历数据进行验证分析,结果如图3所示,图中给出了五、六、七级海况下,不同阈值设定下的运动峰峰值概率分布与不同阈值下的时历数据统计概率的对比。
对于运动峰峰值的概率模型,经验证对比发现:总体绝对误差在3%以内,在船舶运动低峰峰值的情况下概率模型结果略高于时历的概率,在高峰峰值下概率模型结果则低于时历概率。这主要是由于瑞利分布是一个渐进曲线,概率模型的峰峰值无上限,而时历中在规定海况下最大运动的峰峰值是受限制的,这导致时历中并不存在的运动峰峰值也在概率模型的考虑范围之内。该概率模型的验证分析结果为后续连续小幅模型奠定了基础。
利用1.2节给出的运动峰峰值与周期联合分布模型,和时历数据进行验证分析,结果如图4-12所示,图中分别给出了五、六、七级海况下、不同阈值设定下的运动峰峰值与周期联合分布与时历数据统计概率的对比。
对于无因次化周期值低的部分运动峰峰值分布与时历数据存在一定误差,纵摇运动没有垂荡运动的预测效果好。船舶运动高峰峰值的周期分布集中在周期无因次化值为1附近。船舶运动的联合分布也存在低运动峰峰值处周期分布过宽现象,主要是由于低运动峰峰值时的周期分布与模型的假设不同,不再是高斯分布。而随着海况的增大,船舶运动更加剧烈,导致垂荡、纵摇、横摇运动预测效果逐渐变差。
针对上述建立的安稳期模型,选取两种典型的作业情况进行可行性验证分析,给出以下两种作业情况下的安稳期概率:
(1)舰载垂直发射:舰载垂直发射系统作业时要求舰船横摇运动不超过21°、运动周期不超过9 s,纵摇运动不超过4°、运动周期不超过9 s。
(2)固定翼舰载机起降:参考美国海军的相关规定与其他相关文献[21]。舰载机着舰时船体姿态运动的范围为纵摇不得超过2°,横摇不得超过7°,垂荡幅度不得超过3 m。根据舰载机大小,其着舰时长在15~30 s之间。
这里选取五级海况下的作业情况进行分析,根据舰载垂直发射的要求,横摇运动阈值设定为21°、周期阈值设定为9 s,纵摇运动阈值设定为4°、周期阈值设定为9 s。
五级横摇情况下,利用运动峰峰值与周期联合分布模型可以计算出该条件下的概率为
图13所示,横摇运动时历中,周期在0~9 s、横摇运动幅值低于21°的运动波有3206个,故由时历数据得出的概率为
基于时历数据与本文模型两种结果的相对误差在18.7%左右。
五级纵摇情况下,利用运动峰峰值与周期联合分布模型可以计算出该条件下的概率为
图14所示,纵摇运动时历中,周期在0~9 s,纵摇运动幅值低于4°的运动波有9152个,由时历数据得出的概率为
基于时历数据与本文模型两种结果的相对误差在14%左右。
这里选取五级海况下的作业情况进行分析,根据固定翼舰载机起降的要求,纵摇运动阈值设定为2°,横摇运动阈值设定为7°,垂荡运动阈值设定为3 m,同时根据舰载机大小,其着舰时长在15~30 s之间。需给出在阈值下的连续小幅运动概率。
运动平均周期可由得到,通过计算得到五级海况下纵摇、横摇、垂荡的平均周期分别为9.6 s、10.1 s、11.6 s。在该场景下要满足固定翼舰载机起降的要求,连续小幅运动需要出现1-3个连续小幅运动。图15~17给出了不同数目下连续小幅运动出现的概率与实际发生概率的对比。
可以看出,连续低阀运动在预测纵摇、横摇时表现效果较好,模型给出的概率略低于实际发生的概率,这在工程应用上是保守估计。而由于该场景下的垂荡阈值设定较低,模型给出的垂荡小幅运动概率低于实际发生的概率。PLLh)本身存在着初始误差,公式(9)为模型概率计算公式,随着连续小幅运动的数目增大,会由于PLLh)的连乘导致预测误差随着连续小幅运动数目增大而逐渐增大,这是不可避免的。
本文基于高斯分布、窄带高斯过程等假设推导建立了运动峰峰值概率模型、运动峰峰值与周期联合分布模型、连续小幅运动模型,并通过切片法获取仿真的船舶运动RAO,进而获取船舶运动仿真时历数据。利用仿真时历数据对船舶运动安稳期模型进行了分析和检验。结果表明:
(1)应用运动峰峰峰值概率模型分析船舶垂荡、纵摇、横摇三自由度运动峰峰值,当海况从五级变到七级时,模型的精度并没有较大变化。在运动峰峰值低的情况下模型略高于时历的概率,在高峰峰值下,模型低于时历概率,整体精度较好。
(2)从3.2节的分布图中可以得出,船舶运动高峰峰值的周期分布集中在周期无因次化值为1附近,船舶运动的联合分布存在低运动幅值处周期分布过宽现象。实际应用中我们往往考虑的是特征周期附近的波高分布,该分布能够很好地描述特征周期附近的波高分布,随着海况的增大使得分布的误差也略微增大。在4.1节的实际场景应用下,模型的预测概率略低于实际发生概率,可将给出的概率作为保守概率。
(3)对于连续小幅运动概率预测,以4.2节的场景中给出的结果可以看出,模型给出的连续小幅运动的概率都低估了实际工况下连续小幅运动产生的概率,在实际应用中该方法给出的概率是保守概率估计。
本文的工作是为了对船舶与海洋结构物在进入海域作业前,对是否值得进入海域工作给出概率结果上的指导并在作业前几分钟给出安稳期的发生概率。由于船舶的响应还受到其他因素的影响,该方法并不适用于所有条件,但在某些情况下是一个很好的近似值。并且在实际工程应用中需要考虑多自由度耦合情况下的安稳期概率,本文的研究为今后深入探讨船舶运动的安稳期提供了基础。通过进一步研究海洋的统计特性、船舶运动的规律以及多自由度耦合情况下的安稳期概率,我们可以进一步改进和优化现有的模型,提高安稳期预报的准确性和可靠性,这将对海上航行及作业的安全和规划产生积极的影响。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52401419)
  • 中国国防科技创新区项目(22-05-CXZX-04-04-19)
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2025年第29卷第7期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.002
  • 接收时间:2025-01-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-15
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52401419)
中国国防科技创新区项目(22-05-CXZX-04-04-19)
作者信息
    1.哈尔滨工程大学 船舶工程学院,哈尔滨 150001
    2.哈尔滨工程大学 青岛创新发展基地,山东 青岛 266000
    3.哈尔滨工程大学 青岛创新发展中心,山东 青岛 266000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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