Article(id=1243253926615692032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243253924128469739, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737561600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774344434646, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1752940800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774344434646, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774344434646, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774344434646, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243253924128469739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='7', pageStart='1013', pageEnd='1180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774344434053, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501521460, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243912796535107926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243253924128469739, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243912796535107927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243253924128469739, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1070, endPage=1077, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243253926959624975, articleId=1243253926615692032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Experimental study on dynamic deployment of grid fins, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The grid fins underwater launch technology scheme can increase the motion stability of underwater vehicles, which is one of the effective ways to improve the adaptability of the vehicles to the launch environment conditions. Aiming at the dynamic deployment process of the grid fins underwater application, the mathematical model of the kinematic parameters of the deployment process was established, and the ground deployment mechanism verification test of the grid fins was designed. The scene of the deployment process of the grid fins in the air medium and the water medium, the variation law of the motion parameters and the deployment time were studied. The influence of the water medium on the parameters of the deployment process of the grid fins was obtained, providing useful experience for the analysis of the dynamic deployment process of the underwater grid fins and the analysis of the motion parameters of the deployment process.

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栅格翼水下发射技术方案可增加水下航行体的运动稳定性,是提高航行体对发射环境条件适应能力的有效途径之一。针对水下应用栅格翼动态展开过程,建立展开过程运动学参数数学模型,设计栅格翼地面展开机理验证试验,研究栅格翼在空气介质及水介质中展开过程景象、运动参数变化规律及展开用时等信息,获得水介质对栅格翼展开过程参数的影响,为水下栅格翼动态展开过程方案分析及展开过程运动参数分析提供有益的经验。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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鲍文春(1988-),女,博士,工程师

尹世龙(1998-),男,博士,通讯作者,E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=oIDJRxUfwdMq+9DxMONLiA==, figureFileBig=kYdNUAeyCd6cbqrpenr+IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243253936447139991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243253926615692032, language=CN, label=图12, caption=栅格翼水下展开到位行程传感器信号, figureFileSmall=oIDJRxUfwdMq+9DxMONLiA==, figureFileBig=kYdNUAeyCd6cbqrpenr+IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243253936514248857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243253926615692032, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison between calculated and experimental parameters for grid fin deployment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号压力/MPa角速度/(rad·s-1计算展开用时/ms试验角速度/(rad·s-1试验展开用时/ms角速度偏差(%)用时偏差(%)
11021.58021842.44.8
), ArticleFig(id=1243253936623300764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243253926615692032, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

栅格翼展开参数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号压力/MPa角速度/(rad·s-1计算展开用时/ms试验角速度/(rad·s-1试验展开用时/ms角速度偏差(%)用时偏差(%)
11021.58021842.44.8
), ArticleFig(id=1243253936711381153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243253926615692032, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Statistics of underwater deploying time

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶段1结束试验角速度/(rad·s-1计算展开用时/ms试验角速度/(rad·s-1试验展开用时/ms角速度偏差(%)用时偏差(%)
18.711418.51181.13.4
), ArticleFig(id=1243253936799461541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243253926615692032, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

水下展开用时统计情况

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阶段1结束试验角速度/(rad·s-1计算展开用时/ms试验角速度/(rad·s-1试验展开用时/ms角速度偏差(%)用时偏差(%)
18.711418.51181.13.4
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栅格翼动态展开试验研究
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鲍文春 1, 2 , 郭涛 2 , 尹世龙 1 , 李宁 1 , 陈浮 1 , 俞建阳 1
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025,29(7): 1070-1077
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025, 29(7): 1070-1077
栅格翼动态展开试验研究
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鲍文春1, 2, 郭涛2, 尹世龙1 , 李宁1, 陈浮1, 俞建阳1
作者信息
  • 1.哈尔滨工业大学,哈尔滨 150001
  • 2.北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京 100076
  • 鲍文春(1988-),女,博士,工程师

    尹世龙(1998-),男,博士,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Experimental study on dynamic deployment of grid fins
Wen-chun BAO1, 2, Tao GUO2, Shi-long YIN1 , Ning LI1, Fu CHEN1, Jian-yang YU1
Affiliations
  • 1.Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
  • 2.Beijing Institute of Aerospace Systems Engineering, Beijing 100076, China
出版时间: 2025-07-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.006
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栅格翼水下发射技术方案可增加水下航行体的运动稳定性,是提高航行体对发射环境条件适应能力的有效途径之一。针对水下应用栅格翼动态展开过程,建立展开过程运动学参数数学模型,设计栅格翼地面展开机理验证试验,研究栅格翼在空气介质及水介质中展开过程景象、运动参数变化规律及展开用时等信息,获得水介质对栅格翼展开过程参数的影响,为水下栅格翼动态展开过程方案分析及展开过程运动参数分析提供有益的经验。

栅格翼  /  水下展开  /  地面试验  /  动态展开  /  空中展开

The grid fins underwater launch technology scheme can increase the motion stability of underwater vehicles, which is one of the effective ways to improve the adaptability of the vehicles to the launch environment conditions. Aiming at the dynamic deployment process of the grid fins underwater application, the mathematical model of the kinematic parameters of the deployment process was established, and the ground deployment mechanism verification test of the grid fins was designed. The scene of the deployment process of the grid fins in the air medium and the water medium, the variation law of the motion parameters and the deployment time were studied. The influence of the water medium on the parameters of the deployment process of the grid fins was obtained, providing useful experience for the analysis of the dynamic deployment process of the underwater grid fins and the analysis of the motion parameters of the deployment process.

grid fin  /  underwater expansion  /  ground test  /  dynamic expansion  /  air expansion
鲍文春, 郭涛, 尹世龙, 李宁, 陈浮, 俞建阳. 栅格翼动态展开试验研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (7) : 1070 -1077 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.006
Wen-chun BAO, Tao GUO, Shi-long YIN, Ning LI, Fu CHEN, Jian-yang YU. Experimental study on dynamic deployment of grid fins[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (7) : 1070 -1077 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.006
随着国际新军事形势的变化,水下武器的潜深发射技术近年来取得了巨大的发展,已然成为世界各国的研究热点。栅格翼结构作为一种新型的控制面系统,曾被广泛应用于航空航天方面[1],并因其升力特性好、控制效率高、结构轻、方便折叠等优点,逐渐受到了水下发射领域学者的重视,被用以提高水下航行体的稳定性和可控性[2]。在发射过程中,由于受到空间的限制,栅格翼在发射筒内时须处于折叠状态[3],并于出筒之后在展开机构的作用下完成初始展开动作,然后在流体动力的作用下完全展开。
目前,国内外已经有相关的学者和机构对栅格翼做了一定的研究。Miller等[4]通过风洞试验方法,研究了栅格翼边框形状及厚度对其阻力系数的影响;Hughson等[5]采用RANS模型对栅格翼跨声速气动性能开展了数值仿真计算,并与实验结果进行对比,验证了数值仿真方法的可靠性;De Spirito等[6]利用Fluent软件,对比计算了来流Ma=2.5条件下带普通单翼与栅格翼的导弹气动系数。国内方面,陆中荣等[7]采用丝线法和氢气泡法进行了风洞和水洞试验,探究了栅格翼绕流的机理与特性;邓帆等[8-10]利用实验与数值模拟相结合的方法对栅格翼的气动性能进行了研究。可以看出,现有研究大多集中在栅格翼的气动特性及水动力特性方面,包括实验研究和数值仿真等方法,而针对其水下动态展开过程的相关研究成果则较少。因此,对栅格翼展开过程景象、运动参数变化规律及展开用时等信息的研究就显得尤为重要。
本文针对栅格翼水下动态展开问题,设计进行干/湿模态地面展开试验研究,并建立运动学参数数学模型,用以获得水介质对栅格翼展开过程运动参数的影响,可为栅格翼的动态强度设计及展开时序方案的可行性分析提供经验指导。
为了对某栅格翼展开过程运动参数预示模型进行分析,开展了考虑航行体壁面效应影响的栅格翼展开原理性试验,在干湿模态水池中完成栅格翼空中展开及水下展开模型试验,获得不同外部激励下的展开过程参数,考核栅格翼水下展开运动学参数研究模型,试验方案如图1所示。
参试试验装置包括干/湿模态试验水槽,航行体壁面模拟件、栅格翼组件、外压传感器、到位开关传感器、展开外部激励装置、高速摄影系统、试验控制设备等。其中试验水槽用于模拟空气介质环境及水介质环境,栅格翼壁面模拟件用于模拟航行体壁面对栅格翼展开过程参数流体动力的干扰。试验组件主要包括栅格翼翼片及栅格翼展开机构等,栅格翼组件安装于壁面模拟件上。外压传感器用于测量高压气瓶及栅格翼展开冲量的压力及作用力信息。到位开关传感器用于监测栅格翼展开到位信号及到位后栅格翼是否回弹等信息。展开外部激励装置主要包括高压气瓶及管路系统等,用于对栅格翼施加不同的展开力矩,通过控制气源压力实现对栅格翼展开力矩的调节。试验控制设备主要包括试验信号的采集及存储等。
试验时,整个过程将装有栅格翼的壁面模拟件置于试验水槽中,连接地面电缆和高压管路,控制系统向测量仪表和电磁阀发送系统信号,高压气体进入推冲装置推动杆作动,使栅格翼展开。试验水槽正对栅格翼一侧及栅格翼两侧分别开设观察窗,试验时利用栅格翼正面和侧面架设的两台高速摄影系统记录展开动作,在栅格翼上布置靶标,用于试验后对栅格翼展开过程参数进行分析,试验时摄像帧率为1000 Hz,单发次试验中记录时长为16 s。
图2为通过高速摄像系统获得的栅格翼展开过程景象,获得栅格翼展开过程中的展开角度-时间信息,直接获得栅格翼展开用时信息,而后通过数据处理对栅格翼展开过程角速度、角加速度等信息进行辨识分析。
在对栅格翼展开用时进行分析时,还可以通过安装于栅格翼展开机构作用位置处的外压传感器、安装于栅格翼组件上的栅格翼展开到位行程传感器信号,对栅格翼展开用时及到位情况进行分析。图3为某条件下栅格翼展开过程中推冲器压力传感器及到位行程传感器信号变化示意图。
某水下航行体栅格翼方案是将栅格翼折叠安装于航行体柱段区域,折叠后栅格翼嵌入航行体,与航行体共型不凸出航行体表面,其展开过程示意图如图4所示。栅格翼展开时序发出后,栅格翼在展开机构作用下动态展开,栅格翼水下动态展开方案可分为两个阶段。
阶段一:展开机构直接作用阶段。展开机构点火产生冲量,栅格翼解锁至边框上沿突出航行体表面(位置1~位置2),栅格翼此阶段的受力主要包含展开机构的冲量力矩、栅格翼转轴摩擦力矩、栅格翼所受惯性力矩、流体阻力矩,展开机构工作结束时栅格翼所转动角度、角速度分别为φ1ω1,栅格翼展开方案设计时,栅格翼展开冲量力矩作用阶段展开力矩近似某常值,展开冲量力矩作用角速度范围为0~φ1,当展开角度大于φ1后,展开冲量力矩作用位置与栅格翼翼片分离,展开冲量力矩不再对栅格翼展开过程产生影响。
阶段二:栅格翼边框突出航行体表面至展开到位过程(位置2~位置3),此过程中栅格翼在栅格翼转轴摩擦力矩、栅格翼所受惯性力矩、流体阻力矩的作用下加速展开,栅格翼展开到位角度为90°,展开到位角度为ω2
根据栅格翼展开过程受力分析,建立栅格翼绕转轴展开过程运动方程为
式中,Jz为栅格翼相对转轴的转动惯量,依据结构设计获得;λ66为栅格翼水下展开时的附加转动惯量,对于空中状态,计算模型中λ66=0;M展开为展开机构初始阶段施加的展开力矩,依据展开方案设计结果获得;M摩擦为栅格翼转轴摩擦力矩,依据结构设计结果获得,对于摩擦力矩可认为仅与结构方案相关,不受流体介质影响;M流体力矩为栅格翼在不同流体介质环境下受到的流体力矩,介质属性直接影响流体力矩的量值,这是导致栅格翼水下展开及空中展开过程参数差异的主要因素。
基于本文建立的栅格翼动态展开过程运动学特性研究模型,对栅格翼空中展开过程进行计算,运动学模型计算获得给定展开力矩为M0情况下,栅格翼展开角度随展开时间变化规律计算结果与两发次栅格翼空中展开的试验结果对比情况见图5。从中可以发现两发次地面展开试验获得栅格翼运动学参数一致性较好。对于栅格翼动态展开的阶段1,栅格翼展开角度迅速增加;在阶段2,栅格翼展开角度随展开用时近似线性变化,由栅格翼运动学模型计算获得的栅格翼展开角速度随展开时间变化规律与试验基本一致,栅格翼空中展开用时约80 ms。
图5可以发现,试验中栅格翼展开到90°后,存在回弹现象;图6显示的栅格翼展开时到位行程传感器信号也证明了这种结论。当传感器处于高信号时,表明栅格翼接触到位传感器,而从测量结果来看,行程传感器信号在高低信号间震荡,即栅格翼存在回弹。从栅格翼展开角度试验结果可知,空中状态下,栅格翼回弹角度在4°范围内;通过对到位行程传感器信号判读,栅格翼平均回弹周期约为20 ms。
图7给出了运动学模型计算获得的栅格翼展开角速度随展开时间变化规律与栅格翼动态展开地面试验分析结果对比情况,从中可以看出,理论模型计算获得的栅格翼动态展开过程参数趋势与试验分析结果基本一致,量值上也与基于两发次空中展开的试验辨识结果基本一致,试验中受高速摄像系统像素限制,辨识获得的角速度存在一定的震荡现象。对于角速度变化规律,在栅格翼展开的阶段1,栅格翼角速度近似线性增加,即栅格翼近似做匀加速运动;阶段2,栅格翼角速度基本维持某常值,产生这种现象的主要原因是栅格翼展开机构设计获得的栅格翼转轴摩擦力矩为相对小量,理论计算时可以忽略。
表1给出了典型外部激励下栅格翼展开的理论模型计算结果与试验测量结果对比情况。结合栅格展开过程角度及角速度随时间变化规律可知,栅格翼展开的理论模型计算结果与试验测量结果吻合较好,模型计算获得的角速度与试验分析结果偏差在2.4%以内,展开用时偏差在5%以内。
图8给出了典型外部激励下栅格翼空中展开过程与水下展开过程景象对比情况。从对比结果可知,栅格翼在水下展开过程中,上缘端框及展开机构作用位置存在局部空化现象。其中,端框上缘处发生局部空化的原因是端框上缘为矩形且线速度较大,导致局部空化数减小,从而产生局部空化现象;而展开时外部激励作用位置发生局部空化则主要受局部结构影响。
基于本文建立的栅格翼动态展开过程运动学特性研究模型,对栅格翼水下展开过程进行计算,由运动学模型计算获得给定展开力矩为M0情况下,栅格翼展开角度随展开时间变化规律与两发次栅格翼水下展开试验结果的对比情况见图9
从中可以发现两发次水下展开试验获得栅格翼运动学参数一致性较好。对于栅格翼动态展开的阶段1,栅格翼展开角度迅速增加,与空中展开状态规律基本一致;在阶段2,栅格翼展开角度不再满足随展开用时线性变化的规律。从试验结果来看,栅格翼水下展开用时约118 ms,比空中展开用时增加了约38 ms,表明栅格翼水下展开期间存在较大的流体阻力矩。
图10给出了栅格翼水下展开过程中角速度变化规律。对比图7可知,栅格翼水下展开过程受流体阻力矩影响,栅格翼在展开运动的阶段2,受流体阻力矩影响,栅格翼展开角速度不断衰减,展开用时增加。同时,相同外部展开力矩作用下,在栅格翼运动阶段1结束时刻,获得的最大展开角速度约为19 rad/s,小于栅格翼空中展开阶段1获得的最大展开角速度,产生这种现象的主要原因是栅格翼水下运动期间存在附加转动惯量,本研究中栅格翼水下附加转动惯量λ66=0.33JZ
经研究,栅格翼水下展开过程中的流体阻力矩可以按照下述公式进行估算:
式中,L为栅格翼阻力矩的力臂,本研究中阻力臂为栅格翼高度的一半;Cd为栅格翼翼面流体阻力系数;ρ为流体密度;v为栅格翼的参考速度,本研究中v取栅格翼翼高中心点的实时线速度。
依据上述输入,应用展开运动学模型对M0力矩下栅格翼的展开角速度进行计算,结果如图11表2所示。计算获得的展开角度及角速度对展开时间变化规律与试验结果基本一致,由此验证了本文建立的栅格翼水下展开模型的有效性,其中栅格翼展开用时偏差在4%以内,角速度偏差在2%以内。
综合对比图5图9中栅格翼回弹现象可以发现,在水下展开状态下,栅格翼展开到位后的回弹角度变化幅度在2°范围内,小于空中展开状态,水下展开平均回弹周期约为13 ms,小于空中回弹周期的20 ms。图12展示的栅格翼水下展开到位行程传感器信号进一步证明了此结论。
利用航行体壁面模拟件、栅格翼组件、外压传感器、到位开关传感器、展开外部激励装置、高速摄影系统等建立了栅格翼地面展开机理试验系统,对栅格翼动态展开过程进行了干/湿模态机理试验,共计完成了2发次空中展开、2发次水下展开试验,综合机理试验结果及栅格翼动态展开运动学参数数学模型研究结果,可以获得以下主要结论:
(1)栅格翼展开到位后,存在回弹现象,空中展开过程中回弹角度在4°以内,回弹周期约为20 ms;水下展开过程回弹角度在2°以内,回弹周期约为13 ms。且对于水下展开过程,栅格翼展开到位后回弹角度及周期均小于空中展开状态。
(2)栅格翼水下展开数学计算模型中,在考虑水下附加转动惯量的同时,需进一步引入流体阻力矩的影响,阻力矩可根据动态展开角速度、单片栅格翼阻力系数进行计算,地面展开试验中按照上述计算方法获得的栅格翼展开过程参数与试验测量结果吻合较好,在栅格翼水下展开状态下,展开用时偏差在4%以内,最大角速度偏差在2%以内。
(3)栅格翼水下展开过程中,对于展开阶段1,受水下运动附加转动惯量影响,相同展开力矩下,在结束时刻获得的角速度小于空中状态;对于展开阶段2,受流体阻力矩影响,栅格翼角速度不再像空中展开过程那样以某常值展开,而是不断衰减。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52006045)
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2025年第29卷第7期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.006
  • 接收时间:2025-01-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-23
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国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52006045)
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    1.哈尔滨工业大学,哈尔滨 150001
    2.北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京 100076

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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