Article(id=1243253925353206512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243253924128469739, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739808000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774344434345, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1752940800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774344434345, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774344434345, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774344434345, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243253924128469739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='7', pageStart='1013', pageEnd='1180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774344434053, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501521460, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243912796535107926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243253924128469739, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243912796535107927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243253924128469739, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1134, endPage=1146, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243253925571310321, articleId=1243253925353206512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Analysis of vibration transmission characteristics of marine propulsion shafting-shell coupling system, columnId=1241023038381158513, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

There exists a two-way vibration transmission between the propulsion shafting system and the shell of an underwater vessel. A single structural dynamics model cannot accurately reflect the vibration coupling effect between the propulsion shafting and the shell. In this paper, a dynamic model of the propulsion shafting-shell coupling system of an underwater vessel was established using an analytical method. The shell was simplified as a combination of underwater conical-cylindrical shell, and the propulsion shafting was modeled as a beam structure. The bearing was simplified as a spring-damper-mass system to serve as the connecting structure between the shafting and the shell. Power flow theory was used to analyze the input power flow at the shafting end and shell end under different directions of excitation, as well as the power flow transmitted through the bearing between the shafting and the shell. In addition, the vibration transfer characteristics of the shafting-shell coupling system solved by the analytical method were verified by the finite element method. The results show that the input power flow of the shafting-shell coupling system is greater under shafting end excitation, the shafting-shell coupling effect can significantly increase the input power flow under shafting end excitation, and the rear stern bearing is the main path for transverse vibration transmission between the shafting and the shell. This research provides theoretical support for vibration reduction and noise optimization design of underwater vessels.

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舰船的推进轴系与壳体之间存在着双向振动传递作用,仅建立单一结构的动力学模型无法真实反映两者之间的振动耦合效应。本文基于解析法建立水下舰船推进轴系-壳体耦合系统的动力学模型,其中壳体简化为水下锥柱组合壳,推进轴系视为梁结构,轴承简化为弹簧-阻尼-质量系统作为轴与壳之间的连接结构。采用功率流理论,分析轴端、壳端不同方向激励下的输入功率流,以及轴与壳之间经由轴承所传递的功率流,并借助有限元法对解析法求解轴-壳耦合系统振动传递特性的有效性进行验证。结果表明:激励施加在轴系端部时,轴壳耦合系统的输入功率流更大;轴-壳耦合效应会显著增加轴端激励下的输入功率流;后艉轴承是轴-壳之间横向振动传递的主要路径。本研究可为水下舰船的减振降噪和优化设计提供理论支撑。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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田亚奇(1997-),男,博士研究生

张聪(1986-),女,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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Response cloud map at the peak frequency of the shaft-shell coupling system

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轴-壳耦合系统峰值频率处响应云图

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舰船推进轴系-壳体耦合系统振动传递特性分析
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田亚奇 1a, 2, 3 , 张聪 1a, 2, 3 , 贾泽坤 1b
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025,29(7): 1134-1146
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船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025, 29(7): 1134-1146
舰船推进轴系-壳体耦合系统振动传递特性分析
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田亚奇1a, 2, 3, 张聪1a, 2, 3 , 贾泽坤1b
作者信息
  • 1a.武汉理工大学 交通与物流工程学院,武汉 430063
  • 1b.武汉理工大学 船海与能源动力工程学院,武汉 430063
  • 2.水路交通控制全国重点实验室,武汉 430063
  • 3.国家水运安全工程技术研究中心,武汉 430063
  • 田亚奇(1997-),男,博士研究生

    张聪(1986-),女,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Analysis of vibration transmission characteristics of marine propulsion shafting-shell coupling system
Ya-qi TIAN1a, 2, 3, Cong ZHANG1a, 2, 3 , Ze-kun JIA1b
Affiliations
  • 1a.School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
  • 1b.Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan 430063, China
  • 3.National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan 430063, China
出版时间: 2025-07-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.012
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舰船的推进轴系与壳体之间存在着双向振动传递作用,仅建立单一结构的动力学模型无法真实反映两者之间的振动耦合效应。本文基于解析法建立水下舰船推进轴系-壳体耦合系统的动力学模型,其中壳体简化为水下锥柱组合壳,推进轴系视为梁结构,轴承简化为弹簧-阻尼-质量系统作为轴与壳之间的连接结构。采用功率流理论,分析轴端、壳端不同方向激励下的输入功率流,以及轴与壳之间经由轴承所传递的功率流,并借助有限元法对解析法求解轴-壳耦合系统振动传递特性的有效性进行验证。结果表明:激励施加在轴系端部时,轴壳耦合系统的输入功率流更大;轴-壳耦合效应会显著增加轴端激励下的输入功率流;后艉轴承是轴-壳之间横向振动传递的主要路径。本研究可为水下舰船的减振降噪和优化设计提供理论支撑。

功率流  /  推进轴系  /  浸没锥柱组合壳  /  多跨梁  /  解析法

There exists a two-way vibration transmission between the propulsion shafting system and the shell of an underwater vessel. A single structural dynamics model cannot accurately reflect the vibration coupling effect between the propulsion shafting and the shell. In this paper, a dynamic model of the propulsion shafting-shell coupling system of an underwater vessel was established using an analytical method. The shell was simplified as a combination of underwater conical-cylindrical shell, and the propulsion shafting was modeled as a beam structure. The bearing was simplified as a spring-damper-mass system to serve as the connecting structure between the shafting and the shell. Power flow theory was used to analyze the input power flow at the shafting end and shell end under different directions of excitation, as well as the power flow transmitted through the bearing between the shafting and the shell. In addition, the vibration transfer characteristics of the shafting-shell coupling system solved by the analytical method were verified by the finite element method. The results show that the input power flow of the shafting-shell coupling system is greater under shafting end excitation, the shafting-shell coupling effect can significantly increase the input power flow under shafting end excitation, and the rear stern bearing is the main path for transverse vibration transmission between the shafting and the shell. This research provides theoretical support for vibration reduction and noise optimization design of underwater vessels.

power flow  /  propulsion shafting  /  immerged conical-cylindrical shell  /  multi-span beam  /  analytical method
田亚奇, 张聪, 贾泽坤. 舰船推进轴系-壳体耦合系统振动传递特性分析. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (7) : 1134 -1146 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.012
Ya-qi TIAN, Cong ZHANG, Ze-kun JIA. Analysis of vibration transmission characteristics of marine propulsion shafting-shell coupling system[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (7) : 1134 -1146 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.012
舰船在航行中,推进轴系会受到螺旋桨脉动力的激励而产生振动,并且随着舰船高速化、大型化的发展趋势,轴系刚度下降导致振动更加显著。船体作为一个大型薄壁空腔结构,在螺旋桨表面力、流体载荷等激励下也极易发生振动。推进轴系与船体之间通过轴承相连存在着振动耦合效应[1],仅建立推进轴系或船体的动力学模型无法真实反映两者之间的双向振动传递作用。
近年来,很多学者都关注到了这种舰船推进轴系-壳体之间的振动耦合现象,从振动位移(速度、加速度)或轴承传递力的角度分析了舰船推进轴系-壳体系统的耦合特性。多位学者分别采用频响函数综合法[2-3]、有限元法[4]、试验测试[5]等方法系统地开展了轴-壳系统振动耦合特性分析。文献[2]基于频响函数综合法建立了弹性螺旋桨-轴-船体系统纵向和横向耦合振动的动力学模型,其中轴采用Timoshenko梁理论建模,壳体采用有限元法建模,分析了轴端激励下各轴承处的加速度响应;文献[3]分别通过解析法和有限元法获取了轴系和壳体的频响函数,并通过频响函数综合法建立了轴-壳耦合系统的动力学模型,通过对比分析螺旋桨激励和轴上主动控制力所引起的壳体加速度响应,验证了轴-壳耦合系统主动控制方案的有效性;文献[4]建立了螺旋桨-轴系-艇体的有限元模型,通过艇体表面和轴系的均方振速谱,分析了轴系与艇体间的振动耦合关系;文献[5]在推进轴-壳体试验模型中沿壳体轴向放置了一列质量块,研究了非对称结构对耦合系统振动特性的影响,并分析了轴承力与壳体模态的对应关系。此外,楼京俊等[6]在Abaqus软件中建立了流体中螺旋桨-推进轴-壳体的简化模型,发现螺旋桨桨叶的伞形模态对于推进轴系传递到壳体的振动位移有较大的贡献。Huang等[7]建立了螺旋桨-推进轴系-船体耦合系统在螺旋桨激振力和推进电机激振力作用下的动力学模型,分析了轴承和隔振器参数对于振动传递的影响。Qi等[8]将三维声弹性理论引入到了螺旋桨-轴-船体系统的声学和振动特性的研究中,讨论了轴承基座位置和安装方案对耦合系统声振特性的影响。Xie等[9]和Zhang等[10]采用解析法建立了桨-轴-艇系统动力学模型,分析了激励位置、流体、壳体边界条件、轴承刚度以及壳体厚度对于轴-壳之间耦合振动特性的影响。Xie等[11]建立了桨-轴-艇纵向动力学模型,分析了轴端螺旋桨脉动力激励经由轴承的力传递率。Qin等[12]采用有限元法建立了轴-壳耦合系统的动力学模型,以各轴承处的加速度响应作为指标,尝试采用电磁轴承降低了螺旋桨激励向壳体的振动传递。
振动在结构中的传递本质上是振动能量在结构中的传播,功率流理论将力和速度代表的功率作为研究变量,并同时考虑了力和速度两个量值之间的相位关系,能更为真实地反映耦合系统之间的振动传递特性。Chen等[13]采用有限元法对推进轴和壳体两个子结构进行了建模,两个子结构通过简化为弹簧和阻尼器的轴承连接,采用功率流法分析螺旋桨低频激励的传递路径。曹怡鹏[14]基于有限元功率流方法求解了轴-壳耦合系统的输入功率,并分析了轴系振动经由各轴承传递到壳体上的功率。Liu等[15]建立了带有动态抗共振隔振器的轴-壳结构频响综合模型,其中壳体采用有限元方法进行建模,分析安装了动态抗共振隔振器后的舰船功率流衰减特性。罗晨[16]采用有限元方法,建立了推进轴系-艉部结构耦合系统的动力学模型,并根据功率流理论计算分析了轴、壳之间各路径中的能量传递特性。贾泽坤等[17]采用ANSYS建立了推进轴系-艇体耦合模型,采用功率流对螺旋桨脉动力的传递路径进行了分析。目前,对于舰船推进轴系-壳体耦合系统功率流的研究主要是基于有限元方法,这类方法能够比较方便地建立复杂结构的实体模型,使得所建立的模型更接近舰船实际结构,但存在着建模操作繁琐、运算速度慢、所需存储大,以及不方便进行多参数对比分析的缺点。与有限元法相比,解析法具有物理意义明确、计算精度高、计算速度快等优点,采用解析法开展舰船推进轴系-壳体系统耦合机理、振动传递路径分析具有重要意义。
本文在已有文献的基础上,基于解析法建立水下舰船推进轴系-壳体耦合系统的动力学模型,并考虑作用在轴系和壳体端部的纵向、横向激励,分析轴-壳耦合系统的输入功率流以及轴、壳之间的功率流传递特性。
水下舰船艉部典型结构可简化为图1中的形式,其中壳体被简化为加筋锥柱组合壳,舱壁被简化为有限圆板,推进轴系简化为梁结构,将螺旋桨视为带有转动惯量的集中质量可获得轴系螺旋桨端的边界条件,轴承简化为分布式弹簧-阻尼-质量系统作为轴与壳之间的连接结构。
图1所示,ucyvcywcy分别为圆柱壳轴向、周向和径向三个方向的位移,ucovcowco为圆锥壳上相应的位移。圆柱壳的运动方程由Flügge理论[18]可表示为
圆柱壳三个方向的位移采用波传播法[11]求解:
式中,分别为对称模态和反对称模态的轴向结构波数。
圆锥壳的运动方程由Flügge壳体理论[19]可表示为
圆锥壳的位移函数采用幂级数法[11]求解:
圆板的振动方程[20]
圆板三个方向的位移由Bessel函数可展开为
将舰船推进轴系视为均匀等截面梁,轴系横向振动wBx,t)和纵向振动uBx,t)的动力学方程由Euler-Bernoulli理论[21]可分别表示为
将式中轴系的位移wBx,t)、uBx,t)分别表示为
ϕx)为轴系振动的模态函数,其通解形式为
在圆柱壳、圆锥壳及圆板位移函数的基础上,可通过相邻子结构间在位移和内力上的连续条件建立带有舱壁的锥柱组合壳结构。
圆锥壳段之间的连续条件为
圆柱壳段之间存在相似的连续条件,此处不再赘述。对于圆锥壳与圆柱壳之间的连续条件,可将圆锥壳母向、法向方向上的位移和内力转换到柱坐标系下的轴向、径向方向上,从而建立起锥柱组合壳动力学模型。当圆锥壳与圆柱壳结合处存在舱壁时,则可将圆板各方向的内力和位移加入到连续条件中:
两段圆柱壳之间存在舱壁时,可通过类似的连续条件建立起圆柱壳-圆板-圆柱壳组合结构。
圆柱壳、圆锥壳为自由边界条件时,各方向的内力和力矩均为0,即
推进轴系由于轴承的存在而被分为数段,各段之间在位移、转角、弯矩以及剪力上存在连续条件:
将螺旋桨视为带有转动惯量Jp的集中质量Mp,则轴系螺旋桨端的边界条件为
轴系非螺旋桨端的边界条件为
舰船推进轴系-壳体耦合系统模型可通过在轴承处将轴系和壳体分段,并将轴承力相应项加入到轴段间以及壳段间连续条件中建立。
其中,轴承受力的幅值Fb0可归因于壳体与轴系之间的位移矢量差,
舰船在航行中轴系会受到螺旋桨轴承力的激励作用,壳体也会受到螺旋桨表面力以及流体的激励作用,同时壳体与轴系相互运动也会产生轴承力。本节介绍轴系和壳体上任意位置处受到的激励力。
采用Dirac函数δ将作用在轴系任意点上的激励表示为
式中,F0为激励力的幅值。
当激励力作用在壳体上时,同样可采用Dirac函数表示为
借助三角函数的正交性,可将壳体对称模态和反对称模态受到的激励力分别表示为
当外部激励力作用在轴系或壳体端部时,可将相应的内力边界条件与激励力保持相等,即
类似地,当轴承力作用在轴系和壳体中部时,则可将轴系和壳体进行分段,内力连续条件与轴承力保持相等。
舰船推进轴系-壳体耦合系统在轴端和壳端激励作用下,所引发的振动能量通过各轴承在轴与壳之间传递,如图2所示。在求得结构表面激励点的振动位移响应后,输入功率流为
式中,x*ω)为轴端或壳端激励点处位移的共轭。类似地,轴与壳之间通过轴承所传递的功率流为
式中,xb*ω)为轴承连接处轴或壳位移响应的共轭。
本文所采用的计算模型如图3所示,其中图3(a)中标注了模型的各项尺寸参数,图3(b)中建立了全局坐标系O-x,r,θ。轴、壳体、舱壁、环肋的材料参数均取钢材的理论值:杨氏模量为2.1×1011 N/m2,密度为7800 kg/m3,泊松比为0.3。为考虑结构阻尼,采用复杨氏模量的形式Ec=E(1-jηs),其中ηs=0.01。螺旋桨本身质量为2950 kg,桨叶数为5,螺距比为1.36,盘面比为0.715,螺旋桨直径为4.5 m。推进轴系与壳体之间通过后艉轴承、前艉轴承、中间轴承和推力轴承相连,轴承的刚度、阻尼、质量分别为1×107 N/m、2×103 N⋅m/s、200 kg。壳体外部流体的密度为1000 kg/m3,声速为1500 m/s。如图3(b)所示,考虑作用在轴端和壳端的激励(FST、FSL、FHT、FHL),其中FSTFHT为横向激励力,FSLFHL为纵向激励力,各激励力的幅值均为1 N。在实船上前、后艉轴承通常位于艉轴管中,并在艉轴管四周装置填料函来保证水密性,中间轴承和推力轴承通常采用轴承座的形式坐落在船体底部,为考虑轴承的周向跨度,在本文的动力学建模中将轴承简化成周向分布式弹簧-阻尼-质量系统,其中前、后艉轴承在建模中的周向跨度选取θ=[0°,360°],推力轴承、中间轴承的周向跨度选取θ=[120°,240°]。
为验证采用解析法求解推进轴系-壳体耦合系统振动的有效性,本文借助有限元方法进行验证。对于图3中的计算模型采用有限元软件ANSYS建立有限元模型如图4(a)所示。圆锥壳、圆柱壳以及舱壁采用SHELL63单元建立,推进轴以及壳体上的环肋采用BEAM188单元建立,螺旋桨的质量和转动惯量采用MASS21单元模拟,轴承采用COMBIN14单元和MASS21单元组合的形式进行建模,壳体外部的流场采用FLUID30单元建立,并增加FLUID130单元以考虑流场吸声边界。图4(b)为轴端FST激励下,解析法与有限元法所计算的输入功率流、轴承传递功率流结果对比。从图中曲线可以发现,两种方法整体振动响应趋势相同,振动幅值大小处于同一量级,波峰的频率相近,部分波峰位置和峰值大小有所差别。但整体上来说,两种方法的比对结果在可以接受的范围内,这就证明了采用解析法求解水下舰船推进轴系-壳体系统耦合振动的准确性、有效性。
舰船在航行中,推进轴系和壳体分别会受到螺旋桨轴承力、表面力的激励作用,本节分析轴端、壳端在不同方向激励下(如图3(b)所示)的输入功率流。图5为各激励下轴-壳耦合系统的输入功率流,从图中可以发现,轴端激励下的输入功率流(FSTFSL)的幅值整体上要大于壳端激励(FHTFHL)下的输入功率流,说明作用在推进轴系上的激励能够引起轴-壳耦合系统更显著的振动。此外,由于组合壳体大型薄壁空腔的结构形式,导致其刚度与轴系相比较小,在低频范围内具有更密集的波峰,结合表1各峰值处的响应云图可以发现,在壳端激励下(FHTFHL)主要激起了壳体n=1阶模态的响应;由于推进轴系的刚度较大,在0~100 Hz频率范围内,轴端横向激励(FST)激起了轴系前6阶弯曲振动的响应,而在轴端纵向激励下(FSL)下,仅在8 Hz处激起了轴系1阶纵向振动的响应。
为进一步分析轴、壳之间的振动耦合效应对输入功率流的影响,绘制了各激励下轴、壳是否耦合时的输入功率流曲线,如图6所示。可以发现,轴、壳是否耦合对壳端激励(FHTFHL)下的输入功率流影响较小;而对于轴端激励(FSTFSL)下的输入功率流,当轴、壳耦合时输入功率流显著增大,即作用在轴端的激励更有效地激起了结构的振动。此外,这也说明建立舰船推进轴系-壳体耦合动力学模型并研究其振动耦合机理的必要性。
舰船推进轴系与壳体之间通过径向轴承(包括前艉轴承、后艉轴承、中间轴承)和推力轴承相连,两者存在着双向振动传递作用,其中径向轴承主要传递横向振动,推力轴承主要传递纵向振动。本节主要分析轴、壳之间经由轴承所传递的功率流。
图7所示为各激励下轴-壳耦合系统的输入功率流Pin和轴承传递功率流Ptr(横向激励下轴承传递功率流为各径向轴承所传递的功率流之和,纵向激励下轴承传递的功率流为推力轴承所传递的功率流)对比,图8所示为所对应的功率流传递效率(Ptr/Pin)。从图中可以发现,壳端激励(FHTFHL)下输入功率流远大于轴承所传递的功率流,传递效率整体上在0.8以下,即壳端激励经由轴承向推进轴系传递的振动能量较少,这是由于组合壳体系统结构较大且包含舱壁、环肋等附件,振动在壳体内部传播过程中能量耗散较多。而在轴端激励(FSTFSL)下,轴承传递功率流仅略小于输入功率流,且在各峰值频率处传递效率更高。特别是在轴端纵向激励FSL下,轴系一阶纵振共振频率(8 Hz,如表1所示)附近输入功率流与轴承传递功率流相近,传递效率接近于1(20 Hz以下),即在这些频率附近轴端纵向激励所引起的推进轴系振动能量几乎全部通过轴承传递给了壳体,轴-壳之间的振动耦合效应较强。
与轴-壳纵向耦合振动主要沿着推进轴系-推力轴承-壳体(或反向)单一路径传递不同,轴-壳在横向上通过多个径向轴承相连,存在着复杂的横向振动耦合形式。采用功率流理论进一步开展轴-壳横向耦合振动传递路径分析,定义某径向轴承的贡献度为流经该轴承的功率流与流经所有径向轴承的总功率流之比(Ptr,T,i/Ptr,T,all),图9图10分别绘制了壳端横向激励FHT和轴端横向激励FST下,各径向轴承所传递的功率流及其贡献度。在壳端横向激励FHT下,振动能量主要通过后艉轴承进行传递,在各峰值频率附近后艉轴承的贡献度均接近甚至大于1,而中间轴承在多个峰值频率附近的贡献度为负数,即在这些频率附近壳体的振动能量经由前、后艉轴承传递到推进轴系后,又通过中间轴承回流到壳体。在轴端横向激励FST下,各径向轴承的贡献度较为均匀,主频(13 Hz)附近的振动能量主要通过后艉轴承由推进轴系传递到壳体。为进一步分析,绘制了各峰值频率处的贡献度进行对比(如图11所示),从图中可以发现在壳端横向激励FHT下后艉轴承的贡献度在所有峰值频率处均大于另外两个轴承,而在轴端横向激励FST下各轴承的贡献度较均匀,均不大于1,但后艉轴承处的贡献度在多数波峰频率附近仍大于另外两个径向轴承。以上说明,不管是在壳端激励下还是在轴端激励下,后艉轴承在轴与壳之间横向振动能量传递中均发挥着重要的作用。
本文基于解析法建立了水下舰船推进轴系-壳体耦合系统的动力学模型,其中圆柱壳的振动采用波传播法求解,圆锥壳的振动采用幂级数法求解,轴的纵向、横向振动采用Euler-Bernoulli梁理论描述,通过子结构间的连续条件建立轴-壳耦合系统动力学模型。采用解析法所建立的动力学模型,具有物理意义明确、计算速度快、方便多参数对比分析等优点。在上述基础上,分析了激励位置、激励方向、轴-壳耦合等对于振动功率流的影响。功率流理论同时考虑了力和速度以及两个量值之间的相位关系,能更为真实地反映耦合系统之间的振动传递特性。得到的主要结论如下:
(1)激励施加在推进轴系端部时,轴-壳耦合系统的输入功率流比激励施加在壳体端部时更大,即轴端激励下能够引起轴-壳耦合系统更大的振动响应;由于组合壳体的刚度较小,壳端激励下引起了轴-壳耦合系统更密集的低频共振峰。
(2)在各共振频率附近轴承传递振动能量的效率有所提高。特别是轴端纵向激励下所激励起的轴系一阶纵振模态,轴系的振动能量在该轴系共振频率附近几乎全部传递到壳体。
(3)不管是在壳端激励下还是在轴端激励下,后艉轴承均是推进轴系与壳体之间横向振动能量传递的主要途径。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52241102)
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2025年第29卷第7期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.012
  • 接收时间:2025-02-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52241102)
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    1a.武汉理工大学 交通与物流工程学院,武汉 430063
    1b.武汉理工大学 船海与能源动力工程学院,武汉 430063
    2.水路交通控制全国重点实验室,武汉 430063
    3.国家水运安全工程技术研究中心,武汉 430063

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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