Article(id=1243253924921193196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243253924128469739, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737820800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774344434241, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1752940800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774344434241, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774344434241, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774344434241, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243253924128469739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='7', pageStart='1013', pageEnd='1180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774344434053, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501521460, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243912796535107926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243253924128469739, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243912796535107927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243253924128469739, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1089, endPage=1099, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243253925604864755, articleId=1243253924921193196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Simulation of failure in marine brittle materials under biaxial dynamic load via state-based peridynamics, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The failure analysis of marine brittle materials under dynamic load has always been the focus of academic and engineering fields. A state-based peridynamic (PD) model for the failure in brittle materials was established based on the state-based PD. In the model, a quartic polynomial influence function was introduced to reflect the PD long-range force attenuation, and an energy-based failure criterion was given. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing a series of numerical results with experimental results. The effects of biaxial load ratio, Poisson’s ratio, central pre-crack length and pre-crack angle on the failure of brittle solids were studied. The results show that the change of biaxial load ratio or pre-crack angle can affect the crack propagation direction; the biaxial load ratio or Poisson’s ratio leads to crack branches in the main crack path. Moreover, the increase of load ratio or Poisson’s ratio improves the dynamic load resistance of the specimen, while the increase of prefabricated crack length or angle reduces the dynamic load resistance of brittle solids.

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船用脆性材料在动载作用下的破坏分析一直是学术和工程领域关注的重点。在态基近场动力学(peridynamic,PD)基础上,引入一项四次多项式影响函数来反映非局部PD长程力衰减,并给出了基于能量的破坏准则,建立了船用脆性材料破坏的态基PD模型。通过一系列动载作用下破坏算例的模拟以及与试验结果的对比,验证了该模型的准确性,研究了双轴荷载比、材料泊松比、中心预制裂纹长度和裂纹角度等对脆性固体破坏的影响。结果表明:在一定条件下,双轴荷载比或预制裂纹角度的改变会影响裂纹扩展方向,荷载比或材料泊松比则会影响主裂纹而产生裂纹分叉。而且,荷载比或泊松比的增大提高了试件抗动载能力,但预制裂纹长度或角度的增加,会使脆性构件抗动载能力降低。

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李双(1992-),男,博士研究生,E-mail:

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Numerical and experimental results of crack propagation of state-based PD

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裂纹分叉位置/m裂纹分叉角度/°裂纹贯通间距/m
试验[23]0.05235.60.026
态基PD模型0.06548.50.029
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试验与态基PD模拟的裂纹扩展情况

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裂纹分叉位置/m裂纹分叉角度/°裂纹贯通间距/m
试验[23]0.05235.60.026
态基PD模型0.06548.50.029
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Comparison of splitting positions and angles of crack

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裂纹起裂位置/mm裂纹起裂角度/°
左端右端左端右端
试验42.034.035.745.2
态基PD39.039.038.238.2
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裂纹分叉位置和分叉角度的对比

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裂纹起裂位置/mm裂纹起裂角度/°
左端右端左端右端
试验42.034.035.745.2
态基PD39.039.038.238.2
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Loading conditions of Homalite-100 brittle plate

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Sampleσx/MPaσy/MPaλ
18.1076.7561.2
29.15.8331.56
39.33.722.5
410.53.53
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Homalite-100脆性薄板的荷载条件

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Sampleσx/MPaσy/MPaλ
18.1076.7561.2
29.15.8331.56
39.33.722.5
410.53.53
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双轴动载下船用脆性材料破坏的态基近场动力学模拟
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李双 1, 2 , 吕海宁 1, 2 , 黄小华 3 , 苏强 4 , 秦睿 1, 2 , 毛竞航 1, 2
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025,29(7): 1089-1099
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025, 29(7): 1089-1099
双轴动载下船用脆性材料破坏的态基近场动力学模拟
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李双1, 2 , 吕海宁1, 2 , 黄小华3, 苏强4, 秦睿1, 2, 毛竞航1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
  • 2.上海交通大学 三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院,海南 三亚 572000
  • 3.广西大学 防灾与结构安全教育部重点实验室,南宁 530004
  • 4.中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院,上海 200011
  • 李双(1992-),男,博士研究生,E-mail:

    吕海宁(1979-),男,副教授,博士生导师,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Simulation of failure in marine brittle materials under biaxial dynamic load via state-based peridynamics
Shuang LI1, 2 , Hai-ning LÜ1, 2 , Xiao-hua HUANG3, Qiang SU4, Rui QIN1, 2, Jing-hang MAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • 2.Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea SCI-TECH, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572000, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
  • 4.Marine Design and Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200011, China
出版时间: 2025-07-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.008
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船用脆性材料在动载作用下的破坏分析一直是学术和工程领域关注的重点。在态基近场动力学(peridynamic,PD)基础上,引入一项四次多项式影响函数来反映非局部PD长程力衰减,并给出了基于能量的破坏准则,建立了船用脆性材料破坏的态基PD模型。通过一系列动载作用下破坏算例的模拟以及与试验结果的对比,验证了该模型的准确性,研究了双轴荷载比、材料泊松比、中心预制裂纹长度和裂纹角度等对脆性固体破坏的影响。结果表明:在一定条件下,双轴荷载比或预制裂纹角度的改变会影响裂纹扩展方向,荷载比或材料泊松比则会影响主裂纹而产生裂纹分叉。而且,荷载比或泊松比的增大提高了试件抗动载能力,但预制裂纹长度或角度的增加,会使脆性构件抗动载能力降低。

动力破坏  /  态基近场动力学  /  脆性材料  /  断裂  /  裂纹扩展

The failure analysis of marine brittle materials under dynamic load has always been the focus of academic and engineering fields. A state-based peridynamic (PD) model for the failure in brittle materials was established based on the state-based PD. In the model, a quartic polynomial influence function was introduced to reflect the PD long-range force attenuation, and an energy-based failure criterion was given. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing a series of numerical results with experimental results. The effects of biaxial load ratio, Poisson’s ratio, central pre-crack length and pre-crack angle on the failure of brittle solids were studied. The results show that the change of biaxial load ratio or pre-crack angle can affect the crack propagation direction; the biaxial load ratio or Poisson’s ratio leads to crack branches in the main crack path. Moreover, the increase of load ratio or Poisson’s ratio improves the dynamic load resistance of the specimen, while the increase of prefabricated crack length or angle reduces the dynamic load resistance of brittle solids.

dynamic failure  /  state-based peridynamics  /  brittle materials  /  fracture  /  crack propagation
李双, 吕海宁, 黄小华, 苏强, 秦睿, 毛竞航. 双轴动载下船用脆性材料破坏的态基近场动力学模拟. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (7) : 1089 -1099 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.008
Shuang LI, Hai-ning LÜ, Xiao-hua HUANG, Qiang SU, Rui QIN, Jing-hang MAO. Simulation of failure in marine brittle materials under biaxial dynamic load via state-based peridynamics[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (7) : 1089 -1099 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.008
船用脆性材料动力学破坏的数值模拟一直是力学和工程领域关注的重点和难点。在如压力容器、管道系统、耐磨耐腐蚀铸件等船舶结构和构件中使用的诸多高强材料都具有脆性特性,为了研究船海工程中脆性结构和材料在动力荷载下的破坏特性,国内外学者进行了大量的试验和数值研究。Enderlein等[1]采用有限元方法进行了冲击荷载作用下的二维和三维裂纹特性分析和应力强度因子计算;陈家旺等[2]采用有限元法研究了动载条件下带有初始表面裂纹的潜艇典型结构在不同下潜深度状态下的裂纹扩展情况;张敏等[3]采用试验和有限元数值方法对船体壳板撞击损伤破裂后的撕裂特征进行了研究;王敏等[4]用扩展有限元方法分析了含裂纹板的裂纹扩展问题;施明光等[5]采用边界元方法分析了裂纹和夹杂动力的相互作用。尽管有限元、扩展有限元和边界元法等方法被用来处理动载作用下的损伤断裂和裂纹扩展问题,但是这些基于传统连续介质力学的方法在处理破坏问题时,会产生奇异性和网格依赖性,且模拟裂纹的萌生和扩展需要引入额外的断裂准则,这些都不可避免地增加了求解破坏问题的复杂性和结果的不稳定性。
新兴的近场动力学(Peridynamics,PD)理论[6]对传统连续介质力学进行了重构,它采用位移的空间积分型方程替代了传统连续介质力学理论的微分型方程,其在不连续处仍有定义,不存在奇异性和网格依赖性问题。PD的断裂准则通过标量函数形式嵌入运动方程中,能够自发地模拟裂纹的萌生、扩展、直至断裂的全过程,是一种特别适合模拟材料破坏的力学理论。在键基PD中,物质点对之间的相互作用仅取决于该对键的变形,这导致了其求解线弹性各向同性固体变形和破坏时存在固定泊松比的限制,即平面应力情形下的泊松比固定在1/3,而平面应变和三维情形下的泊松比固定在1/4[7]。为了解决该问题,态基PD[8]被提出,两个物质点之间的相互作用不仅取决于该对键的变形,还取决于连接到这两个物质点的其他键的变形。除此之外,双参数键基PD[9-10]和共轭键基PD[11]等方法也被提出,虽然这些改进的键基PD继承了传统键基PD的简单性特点,但是与态基PD相比(平面应力状态下泊松比范围,0≤ν<0.5),改进的键基PD仍无法完全突破固定泊松比的限制(平面应力状态下泊松比范围,0≤ν≤1/3),并且,态基PD的边界效应也被证明显著地小于键基PD[12]
近年来,相关研究者采用不同的PD方法研究了工程中各类脆性材料和结构在动载作用下的破坏问题。Silling等[7]采用提出的键基PD方法模拟了刚性小球冲击脆性薄板的破碎过程;Ha等[13]采用键基PD模型研究了PMMA脆性有机玻璃板的动态裂纹扩展和分叉问题;熊伟鹏等[14]基于键基PD构建了冰球冲击数值模型,开展了不同速度冰球冲击情况下的冰球冲击破坏完整过程。这些基于键基PD方法进行的脆性材料动态破坏研究都存在固定泊松比的限制。牛彦泽等[15]采用微极模型研究了双轴动载作用下含不同倾角和间距的平行双裂纹脆性板的破坏模式;黄小华等[16]采用双参数键基PD模型分析了冲击荷载作用下泊松比对脆性材料的破坏影响。除此之外,Li等[17]基于态基PD研究了船舶灰铸铁脆性材料的裂纹萌生和扩展过程。但是,非局部态基PD具有的长程力衰减效应应该被考虑,而且目前基于态基PD理论的动载作用下船用脆性材料破坏问题仍然值得研究,尤其是双轴拉载作用下的动力破坏和材料泊松比、双轴荷载比等对动力破坏的影响等研究仍然比较缺乏。
在已有研究的基础上,本文基于态基PD理论,引入一项四次多项式影响函数来反映非局部态基PD长程力衰减效应,并给出了基于能量的脆性破坏准则。通过在Intel Visual Fortran + Visual Studio 2019环境中采用Fortran 95计算机语言编写代码,模拟了一系列动载作用下的破坏算例,验证了船用脆性固体破坏的态基PD模型准确性。进一步研究了双轴荷载比、材料泊松比、中心预制裂纹长度和裂纹角度对动载作用下船用脆性材料破坏的影响。
在常规态基PD中,宏观连续体在其所在空间域内被离散为一系列带质量和体积的物质点,每个物质点在规定的邻域半径内,与它周围的其他物质点产生相互作用[8]。如图1所示,物质点xxt时刻参考构型和变形构型中的力矢量态分别是,力的方向沿着连接键的方向,力的大小不一定相同。
物质点xt时刻的运动方程为
式中,为加速度;bx,t)为体力密度;ρ为质量密度;Hx表示与材料点相关联的邻域,被定义为;物质点xx在参考构型中相对位置矢量为
在变形构型中,两物质点xx的相对位移矢量为
引入“状态”的概念,将参考矢量状态和变形矢量状态定义为,分别表示为
参考位置标量状态和变形标量状态分别定义为
这样定义的标量其实就是矢量的模长,分别表示键在参考状态和变形状态下的长度。而单位变形矢量态可表示为
此外,定义扩展标量态来表示键的纵向变形
根据Silling的描述[8],常规态基PD模型中物质点的弹性应变能可以表示为标量状态的函数:
式中,θ表示体积膨胀值,表示偏离伸长态,两者在不同维度和状态下的表达式分别为
式中,k′α都是大于零的常数,分别被定义为
式中,ν代表泊松比,κμ分别表示体积模量和剪切模量,m被称为体积权重函数,表示为
在上述公式(11)中,是一个影响函数,用来控制物质点邻域内力态的大小,同时反映非局部PD力随物质点间距的增加而衰减的现象。不同的文献中对影响函数有不同的定义,如:(文献[8]);(文献[18]);(文献[19]);(文献[20]);(文献[21])。基于作者前期的研究基础[22],影响函数的不同表达会对PD波色散和计算精度产生较大影响。本文在常规态基PD的基础上,引入一项能够明显减弱PD波色散和提高计算精度的四次多项式影响函数来反映非局部PD长程力衰减效应。
因此,力密度矢量态可以表示为
式中,为力密度标量态,该变量在不同维度下可表示为
在PD中,一般采用PD键的临界拉伸长度作为判断键断裂的临界值。本文采用基于能量的断裂准则作为判断态基PD断裂的依据,即当键中包含的微观应变能密度超过某个极限值,即临界微观应变能密度ωc时,连接键断裂,物质点之间不再具备PD力的相互作用。ωc可通过计算物体的临界能量释放率Gc求解得到。
Gc为产生每单位裂纹表面所需的能量,则在三维情形下,
二维情形下,
与传统键基PD模型相类似,在本文中,将ωc假定为ξ的线性函数,即
则三维情形下
二维情形下
因此,基于能量的态基PD断裂准则为
为了描述材料的损伤,引入一个标量函数μξ,t),其值为0或1,表示为[7]
式中,0 ≤ φx,t)≤ 1,当φx,t)≥ 0.5时,裂纹产生。
边缘预制单裂纹的受拉薄板[13]图2所示。脆性材料为聚合物有机玻璃PMMA,其弹性模量为65 GPa,密度为2235 kg/m3,临界断裂能为204 J/m3,泊松比为0.2。预制裂纹长度为50 mm,物体上、下表面均匀作用12 MPa的阶跃法向拉力,采用常规态基PD模型计算,物质点间距Δ=0.25 mm,邻域半径δ=3.015Δ,计算时步取2.0E−8 s。
态基PD的模拟结果与实验结果的对比如图3所示,相关破坏细节列于表1。试件在荷载作用下,裂纹在预制裂纹尖端萌生,并沿水平方向扩展一定长度后发生分叉,形成两条独立的裂纹扩展路径,直至试件右边界,薄板发生破坏。态基PD模拟的裂纹分叉位置、裂纹分叉角度和裂纹贯通间距分别为0.065 m、48.5°和0.029 m,对比试验结果分别为0.052 m、35.6°和0.026 m。表明态基PD模拟结果与试验结果能够较好地吻合。
图4所示,一个边长为254 mm的方形板脆性薄板在双轴载荷作用下,σx=3.5 MPa,σy=10.5 MPa,薄板中心预制50 mm长的水平裂纹。采用Homalite-100脆性材料,杨氏模量是47.5 GPa,泊松比是0.25,质量密度是2500 kg/m3,临界断裂能是160 J/m2。物质点间距Δ=2.0 mm,邻域半径δ=3.015Δ,计算时步取5.0E−8 s。
采用态基PD模拟的试件破坏过程如图5(a)~(b)所示,裂纹在动载作用下起裂于中心预制裂纹尖端,沿水平方向向左右两端扩展,在t=49 μs时,裂纹开始产生分叉,形成四条独立的裂纹扩展路径;在t=81 μs时,裂纹分别扩展至薄板的左右边界,造成试件破坏。图5(c)~(d)给出了裂纹分叉前和裂纹分叉后的裂纹扩展形态。表2给出了试验结果和态基PD模拟结果的裂纹分叉位置和角度对比,结果表明,采用态基PD计算的数值结果和试验结果基本保持一致。
为了研究双轴动载作用下脆性材料的断裂和裂纹扩展特性,以一含中心预制裂纹的Homalite-100脆性薄板为研究对象,几何参数和荷载条件如图6所示。研究了双轴荷载比、中心预制裂纹长度和裂纹角度对脆性材料破坏的影响。其次,态基PD突破了传统键基PD固定泊松比的限制,使泊松比的范围扩展到[0,0.5),研究了材料泊松比对脆性材料动力破坏的影响。如图6所示,一个边长为254 mm的方板在双轴载荷作用下,存在长度为a mm的中心裂纹,预制裂纹倾角为β。采用与3.2节相同的材料参数。采用态基PD进行计算,物质点间距Δ=2.0 mm,邻域半径δ=3.015Δ,计算时步取5.0E−8 s。
假定水平荷载与垂直荷载之比记为λ=σx/σy,分别取λ=1.2、1.56、2.5和3四种不同双轴荷载比进行计算,不同加载条件下的双轴动载大小如表3所示。预制裂纹长度a=40 mm,裂纹角度β=15°。
图7给出了采用态基PD方法模拟的脆性薄板在不同荷载比情形下的最终破坏形式。当λ=1.2时,裂纹路径基本上沿预制裂纹方向生长,最后到达试件左右边界形成贯通裂缝;当λ=1.56时,裂纹扩展方向朝试件角点处偏转;当λ=2.5时,裂纹萌发后,迅速偏向y轴方向生长;当λ=3.0时,裂纹偏向y轴方向扩展的同时,沿主裂纹路径有分支裂纹产生。图8给出了不同荷载比情形下的试验结果。对比图7图8可知,采用态基PD方法模拟裂纹扩展路径与试验结果[25]吻合较好。双轴荷载比的不同对裂纹扩展路径产生较大影响,且随着荷载比的增大,裂纹的扩展方向逐渐从x轴偏向y轴。图9给出了不同荷载比作用下脆性板的起裂时刻和破坏历时。在一定条件下,随着双轴荷载比的增大,起裂时刻和破坏历时都显现出随荷载比的增大而稍微增大的趋势。
为了探究泊松比对脆性材料破坏的影响,分别取泊松比值ν=0.1、0.2、0.3和0.45。预制裂纹长度a=40 mm,裂纹角度β=45°,荷载比λ=1.56。
图10给出了采用态基PD方法模拟的脆性薄板在泊松比ν=0.1、0.2、0.3和0.45情形下的最终破坏形式。当ν=0.1时,裂纹萌生后沿y轴方向扩展,主裂纹在扩展途中发生分叉,形成两条主裂纹;当ν=0.2和0.3时,裂纹萌生后沿y轴方向扩展,主裂纹在扩展途中产生两条裂纹分支;当ν=0.45时,裂纹与y轴成一定角度扩展。主裂纹分叉现象随泊松比的减小越来越明显。图11给出了不同泊松比作用下脆性板的起裂时刻和破坏历时。在一定条件下,随着泊松比的增大,起裂时刻受影响不明显,而破坏总时长逐渐增大。
为了探究预制裂纹长度对脆性材料破坏的影响,分别取预制裂纹长度a=40 mm、50 mm、60 mm、70 mm,裂纹角度β=45°,泊松比值ν=0.2,荷载比λ=1.56。
图12给出了采用态基PD方法模拟的脆性薄板预制裂纹长度a=40 mm、50 mm、60 mm和70 mm情形下的最终破坏形式。由图12可知,中心预制裂纹倾角一定的情况下,裂纹长度的大小对裂纹最终扩展路径影响不大,裂纹起裂后沿y轴方向扩展,并产生分支裂纹,而且分支裂纹扩展的长度随中心预制裂纹的增大而增大。图13给出了不同预制裂纹长度脆性板的起裂时刻和破坏历时。在一定条件下,预制裂纹长度增大,破坏历时随之减小,使薄板动载能力降低,但对裂纹起裂时刻影响较小。
为了探究中心预制裂纹角度对脆性材料破坏的影响,分别取裂纹角度β=0°、30°、45°和70°,裂纹长度a=40 mm,泊松比值ν=0.2,荷载比λ=1.56。
图14给出了采用态基PD方法模拟的脆性薄板预制裂纹角度β=0°、30°、45°、70°情形下的最终破坏形式。当β=0°时,裂纹沿预制裂纹尖端萌发后沿x轴方向水平扩展,形成水平贯通裂缝;当β=30°时,裂纹沿着与y轴大约30°方向扩展;当β=45°时,裂纹沿着y轴方向扩展,并在主裂纹扩展的同时,产生裂纹分支;当β=70°时,裂纹沿着y轴方向扩展到一定距离后,形成两条主裂纹,直至试件上下边界。随着预制裂纹初始倾角的增大,主裂纹在扩展过程中,有逐渐发生分叉的趋势。图15给出了不同预制裂纹角度的脆性板的起裂时刻和破坏历时。在一定条件下,预制裂纹角度增大,破坏历时随之减小,使薄板动载能力降低,但对裂纹起裂时刻影响较小。
常规态基近场动力学不仅擅长处理裂纹萌生和破坏等非连续问题,而且相比于传统键基PD和双参数键基PD,态基PD能够完全突破泊松比的限制,使泊松比适用范围达到[0,0.5)。本文基于常规态基PD,考虑其非局部长程力的影响,引入一项四次多项式影响函数,并给出了基于应变能的损伤断裂准则来预测双轴动载作用下船用脆性固体的裂纹扩展路径。通过阶跃荷载下单轴拉载算例和一系列双轴动载下中心预制裂纹板的破坏模拟验证了船用脆性材料破坏的态基PD模型。采用该模型对荷载比、泊松比、预制裂纹长度和角度对薄板破坏形态、裂纹起裂时刻和破坏历时的影响进行了模拟和分析。
双轴动载作用下,荷载比、材料泊松比、预制裂纹长度和预制裂纹角度的变化对含有中心单裂纹脆性结构的断裂形态和裂纹扩展有较大影响。荷载比的改变或预制裂纹角度的改变都会引起裂纹扩展方向发生转变;较大的双轴荷载比或较小的材料泊松比都会使主裂纹分叉,产生裂纹分支。在一定条件下,荷载比的增大,使薄板破坏的总时间延长;材料泊松比的增大,使薄板抗动载能力得到提高;中心预制裂纹长度或角度的增加,缩短了结构破坏的总时间,使结构抗动载能力随着预制裂纹长度或角度的增加而降低。
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2025年第29卷第7期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.07.008
  • 接收时间:2025-01-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-26
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海南省科技计划三亚崖州湾科技城联合项目(2021JJLH0020)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51979159)
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    1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
    2.上海交通大学 三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院,海南 三亚 572000
    3.广西大学 防灾与结构安全教育部重点实验室,南宁 530004
    4.中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院,上海 200011

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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