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Article(id=1242151088145641918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242151082701430843, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.06.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1703433600000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774081497464, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1718812800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774081497464, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774081497464, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081497464, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242151082701430843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='6', pageStart='803', pageEnd='966', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774081496167, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081719798, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242152020732354696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242151082701430843, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242152020732354697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242151082701430843, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=887, endPage=895, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242151088435048903, articleId=1242151088145641918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Test research on ice and water force acting on the hull for medium and high floe ice concentration, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Prediction of ice force acting on the hull is a key to assess the navigation performance of ice-going ships. An ice-going ship was used to conduct the manoeuvring oblique test, the circular synthetic ice made of polypropylene was adopted, the forces of hull in water and medium and high floe ice concentration region were given by model test, the characteristics of force under different speeds and drift angles were investigated, the data repeatability was analyzed based on typical conditions, and the synthetic ice model test technology was developed. The model test results show that increasing ice concentration, speed and drift angle will cause the larger force acting on the ship, the contact area of the ship and ice is larger in higher ice concentration and larger drift angle, the repeatability of data is also better.

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船冰作用力的预报是冰区船航行性能评估环节的重点。本文针对某冰区航行船开展操纵性斜航模型试验研究，采用以聚丙烯为主材的圆形非冻结模型冰，通过模型试验给出船在无冰水域和中高密集度浮冰区的船体受力，研究船体在不同航速和漂角下的船体受力特性，并基于典型工况分析试验数据的重复性，发展冰区航行船的非冻结模型冰模型试验技术。研究结果表明：浮冰密集度、航速和漂角的增大会使船体受力增大，高密集度和大漂角下船冰接触区域更大，试验数据重复性也较好。

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国威（1988-），男，博士，E-mail：。

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国威（1988-），男，博士，E-mail：。

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国威（1988-），男，博士，E-mail：。

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Experiment research on ice-going ship resistance performance under combined wave-ice effect[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2017, 38(10): 1511-1517., articleTitle=Experiment research on ice-going ship resistance performance under combined wave-ice effect, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242151102003622854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=176, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Zong Z, Yang B Y, Sun Z, journalName=Cold Regions Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zong Z, Yang B Y, Sun Z, et al. Experimental study of ship resistance in artificial ice floes[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2020, 176: 103102., articleTitle=Experimental study of ship resistance in artificial ice floes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242151102083314632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Sawamura J, Imaki K, Shiraishi T, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sawamura J, Imaki K, Shiraishi T, et al. Ice resistance test of a ship using synthetic ice in small pack ice floes and wave interactions[C]//Proceedings of the Twenty-eighth (2018) International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, Sapporo, Japan, 2018., articleTitle=Ice resistance test of a ship using synthetic ice in small pack ice floes and wave interactions, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1242151099998745457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, awardId=52192690; 52192694, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(52192690; 52192694), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242151100082631540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, awardId=2021-342, language=CN, fundingSource=工信部高技术船舶科研项目(2021-342), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242151100166517623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, awardId=2021YFC2803400; 2021YFC2803401, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2803400; 2021YFC2803401), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242151091987624503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242151092021178937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, companyId=1242151091987624503, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics, China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242151092029567546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, companyId=1242151091987624503, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国船舶科学研究中心　水动力学全国重点实验室，江苏　无锡214082)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242151095955436264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Ship model, figureFileSmall=pznaeOkoc/lk29ZKcnW/yQ==, figureFileBig=V2Az+pxgGTres3USb9yCgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242151096039322352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=CN, label=图1, caption=船体模型, figureFileSmall=pznaeOkoc/lk29ZKcnW/yQ==, figureFileBig=V2Az+pxgGTres3USb9yCgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242151096244843256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Hydrodynamic force of ship model varying with drift angles, figureFileSmall=+Rbc2q46gQK62lKbUwHKDw==, figureFileBig=vRkGySh/7R+eyVsMXFFZ8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242151096324535040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=CN, label=图2, caption=船体水动力随漂角变化曲线, figureFileSmall=+Rbc2q46gQK62lKbUwHKDw==, figureFileBig=vRkGySh/7R+eyVsMXFFZ8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242151096408421124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Total force of ship varying with the drift angles with 50% ice floe concentration, figureFileSmall=YscoeGzOu9h+UMYHVwDEJw==, figureFileBig=BkIDSaCzCrxacbqPFQmdkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242151096504890121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=CN, label=图3, caption=浮冰密集度为50%时的船体总力随漂角变化曲线, figureFileSmall=YscoeGzOu9h+UMYHVwDEJw==, figureFileBig=BkIDSaCzCrxacbqPFQmdkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242151096601359117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Total force of ship varying with the drift angles with 70% ice floe concentration, figureFileSmall=EwbS15fOXlV726JSdCScdg==, figureFileBig=S5MD3sN+8NOS8R0LY+vHqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242151096681050898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=CN, label=图4, caption=浮冰密集度为70%时的船体总力随漂角变化曲线, figureFileSmall=EwbS15fOXlV726JSdCScdg==, figureFileBig=S5MD3sN+8NOS8R0LY+vHqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242151096756548374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Ice force of ship varying with the drift angles with 70% ice floe concentration, figureFileSmall=OBGn3cWM+Op59C1OWOZpvA==, figureFileBig=ABPfWlaOAmsQjZypSd1MlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242151096836240153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=CN, label=图5, caption=70%密集度不同漂角下的船体冰力, figureFileSmall=OBGn3cWM+Op59C1OWOZpvA==, figureFileBig=ABPfWlaOAmsQjZypSd1MlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242151096932709150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Floe ice distribution and interaction phenomenon of ship and ice, figureFileSmall=FINyNfduoe/aJl6/tPh8aQ==, figureFileBig=LyVx9ggNQ3VcV5WrpM/kAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242151097037566757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=CN, label=图6, caption=浮冰分布及船冰作用现象, figureFileSmall=FINyNfduoe/aJl6/tPh8aQ==, figureFileBig=LyVx9ggNQ3VcV5WrpM/kAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242151097142424361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Parameters of ship model and floe ice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
船模参数浮冰参数
总长/m4.175模型冰直径/m0.12
水线宽/m0.565模型冰厚度/m0.02
吃水/m0.200模型冰上表面面积/m20.0113
光体排水体积/m30.276模型冰密度/（kg・m-3）910
船重心距船尾距离/m2.060单个模型冰重量/kg0.206
), ArticleFig(id=1242151097247281963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

船模和浮冰参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
船模参数浮冰参数
总长/m4.175模型冰直径/m0.12
水线宽/m0.565模型冰厚度/m0.02
吃水/m0.200模型冰上表面面积/m20.0113
光体排水体积/m30.276模型冰密度/（kg・m-3）910
船重心距船尾距离/m2.060单个模型冰重量/kg0.206
), ArticleFig(id=1242151097377305393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Oblique test cases without ice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号漂角/（°）模型拖曳速度/（m・s-1）测量参数
Case1-w00.244、0.407、0.569
Case2-w-2船体纵向力
船体侧向力
船体偏航力矩
Case3-w2
Case4-w4
Case5-w6
Case6-w8
), ArticleFig(id=1242151097473774387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

无冰斜航试验方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号漂角/（°）模型拖曳速度/（m・s-1）测量参数
Case1-w00.244、0.407、0.569
Case2-w-2船体纵向力
船体侧向力
船体偏航力矩
Case3-w2
Case4-w4
Case5-w6
Case6-w8
), ArticleFig(id=1242151097566049078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Oblique test cases with floe ice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号浮冰密集度漂角/（°）模型拖曳速度/（m・s-1）测量参数试验编号浮冰密集度漂角/（°）模型拖曳速度/（m・s-1）测量参数
Case150%00.244、0.407、0.569船体纵Case770%00.244、0.407、0.569船体纵
Case2-2向力，Case8-2向力，
Case32船体侧Case92船体侧
Case44向力，Case104向力，
Case56船体偏Case116船体偏
Case68航力矩Case128航力矩
), ArticleFig(id=1242151097658323773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

浮冰斜航试验方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号浮冰密集度漂角/（°）模型拖曳速度/（m・s-1）测量参数试验编号浮冰密集度漂角/（°）模型拖曳速度/（m・s-1）测量参数
Case150%00.244、0.407、0.569船体纵Case770%00.244、0.407、0.569船体纵
Case2-2向力，Case8-2向力，
Case32船体侧Case92船体侧
Case44向力，Case104向力，
Case56船体偏Case116船体偏
Case68航力矩Case128航力矩
), ArticleFig(id=1242151097754792770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Hydrodynamic force of ship

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
漂角/（°）航速0.244 m/s航速0.407 m/s航速0.569 m/s
X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/N Y/N N/（N・m）
-2-0.522-0.018-0.246-1.267-0.493-0.582-2.503-1.161-1.066
0-0.5460.028-0.066-1.4120.0370.080-2.539-0.033-0.110
2-0.6870.5010.217-1.4490.7280.587-2.5991.0141.266
4-0.6130.4950.572-1.4131.0661.391-2.7601.8622.855
6-0.6050.7150.641-1.6131.5172.020-2.9982.7133.911
8-0.8101.1020.891-1.6962.3622.548-3.2644.1804.832
), ArticleFig(id=1242151099264742217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

船体水动力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
漂角/（°）航速0.244 m/s航速0.407 m/s航速0.569 m/s
X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/N Y/N N/（N・m）
-2-0.522-0.018-0.246-1.267-0.493-0.582-2.503-1.161-1.066
0-0.5460.028-0.066-1.4120.0370.080-2.539-0.033-0.110
2-0.6870.5010.217-1.4490.7280.587-2.5991.0141.266
4-0.6130.4950.572-1.4131.0661.391-2.7601.8622.855
6-0.6050.7150.641-1.6131.5172.020-2.9982.7133.911
8-0.8101.1020.891-1.6962.3622.548-3.2644.1804.832
), ArticleFig(id=1242151099365405516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Repeatability statistics of model test data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浮冰密集度漂角航速/（m・s-1）第一次试验第二次试验重复性
X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/% Y/% N/%
50%0.244-0.5990.066-0.024-0.8110.2270.11015.0——
0°0.407-1.9380.014-0.109-1.9630.266-0.1580.6——
0.569-3.645-0.050-0.165-2.2430.081-0.05823.8——
0.244-0.7370.4350.401-0.9450.4040.54512.43.715.2
4°0.407-2.3021.2101.241-2.0951.0481.3034.77.22.5
0.569-3.8791.9962.626-3.8692.5352.4830.111.92.8
0.244-1.2070.6080.808-1.4331.0280.9108.525.75.9
8°0.407-3.4513.3782.358-3.3352.9962.4151.76.01.2
0.569-5.1174.8564.487-4.1444.7624.26310.51.02.6
70%0.244-1.4910.269-0.026-1.2780.088-0.1397.7——
0°0.407-3.018-0.171-0.130-2.949-0.11-0.0611.2——
0.569-5.439-0.7780.003-5.007-0.96-0.5054.1——
0.244-1.8031.2451.172-1.9320.9690.9073.412.512.8
4°0.407-3.4711.8802.156-3.2721.6191.6173.07.414.3
0.569-6.0683.7393.292-5.5993.6513.4284.01.22.0
0.244-3.4774.7312.788-3.5274.7863.3070.70.68.5
8°0.407-5.3157.0675.198-5.2587.1054.7620.50.34.4
0.569-7.97913.8298.887-8.23811.688.1111.68.44.6
), ArticleFig(id=1242151099453485906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

试验数据重复性统计

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浮冰密集度漂角航速/（m・s-1）第一次试验第二次试验重复性
X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/% Y/% N/%
50%0.244-0.5990.066-0.024-0.8110.2270.11015.0——
0°0.407-1.9380.014-0.109-1.9630.266-0.1580.6——
0.569-3.645-0.050-0.165-2.2430.081-0.05823.8——
0.244-0.7370.4350.401-0.9450.4040.54512.43.715.2
4°0.407-2.3021.2101.241-2.0951.0481.3034.77.22.5
0.569-3.8791.9962.626-3.8692.5352.4830.111.92.8
0.244-1.2070.6080.808-1.4331.0280.9108.525.75.9
8°0.407-3.4513.3782.358-3.3352.9962.4151.76.01.2
0.569-5.1174.8564.487-4.1444.7624.26310.51.02.6
70%0.244-1.4910.269-0.026-1.2780.088-0.1397.7——
0°0.407-3.018-0.171-0.130-2.949-0.11-0.0611.2——
0.569-5.439-0.7780.003-5.007-0.96-0.5054.1——
0.244-1.8031.2451.172-1.9320.9690.9073.412.512.8
4°0.407-3.4711.8802.156-3.2721.6191.6173.07.414.3
0.569-6.0683.7393.292-5.5993.6513.4284.01.22.0
0.244-3.4774.7312.788-3.5274.7863.3070.70.68.5
8°0.407-5.3157.0675.198-5.2587.1054.7620.50.34.4
0.569-7.97913.8298.887-8.23811.688.1111.68.44.6
), ArticleFig(id=1242151099537371991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Total force of model ship with 50% ice floe concentration

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
漂角/（°）航速0.244 m/s航速0.407 m/s航速0.569 m/s
X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/N Y/N N/（N・m）
-2-0.984-0.028-0.317-1.850-0.498-0.669-3.489-1.217-1.577
0-0.7050.1470.043-1.9500.140-0.133-2.9440.015-0.112
2-0.8210.3530.236-2.1320.5130.670-3.3160.7161.292
4-0.8410.4200.473-2.1991.1291.272-3.8742.2662.554
6-0.9440.7010.483-2.3191.9491.962-4.1073.7453.643
8-1.3200.8180.859-3.3933.1872.386-4.6304.8094.375
), ArticleFig(id=1242151099650618204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

浮冰密集度50%时的船体冰水动力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
漂角/（°）航速0.244 m/s航速0.407 m/s航速0.569 m/s
X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/N Y/N N/（N・m）
-2-0.984-0.028-0.317-1.850-0.498-0.669-3.489-1.217-1.577
0-0.7050.1470.043-1.9500.140-0.133-2.9440.015-0.112
2-0.8210.3530.236-2.1320.5130.670-3.3160.7161.292
4-0.8410.4200.473-2.1991.1291.272-3.8742.2662.554
6-0.9440.7010.483-2.3191.9491.962-4.1073.7453.643
8-1.3200.8180.859-3.3933.1872.386-4.6304.8094.375
), ArticleFig(id=1242151099768058723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Total force of model ship with 70% ice floe concentration

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
漂角/（°）航速0.244 m/s航速0.407 m/s航速0.569 m/s
X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/N Y/N N/（N・m）
-2-1.546-0.442-0.476-3.283-1.171-1.321-5.324-2.499-2.416
0-1.3840.179-0.082-2.984-0.139-0.096-5.223-0.869-0.251
2-1.5840.5480.528-3.1950.9780.972-5.7432.0872.331
4-1.8671.1071.040-3.3721.7491.887-5.8343.6953.360
6-3.0902.8131.885-4.4655.4543.381-6.3678.8286.146
8-3.5024.7593.048-5.2877.0864.980-8.10912.7568.499
), ArticleFig(id=1242151099872916326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151088145641918, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

浮冰密集度70%时的船体冰水动力

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漂角/（°）航速0.244 m/s航速0.407 m/s航速0.569 m/s
X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/N Y/N N/（N・m） X/N Y/N N/（N・m）
-2-1.546-0.442-0.476-3.283-1.171-1.321-5.324-2.499-2.416
0-1.3840.179-0.082-2.984-0.139-0.096-5.223-0.869-0.251
2-1.5840.5480.528-3.1950.9780.972-5.7432.0872.331
4-1.8671.1071.040-3.3721.7491.887-5.8343.6953.360
6-3.0902.8131.885-4.4655.4543.381-6.3678.8286.146
8-3.5024.7593.048-5.2877.0864.980-8.10912.7568.499
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中高密集度浮冰区船体冰水动力试验研究
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国威 , 赵桥生 , 祖永恒 , 杨宗豫
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024,28(6): 887-895
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024, 28(6): 887-895
中高密集度浮冰区船体冰水动力试验研究
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国威 , 赵桥生, 祖永恒, 杨宗豫
作者信息
  • 中国船舶科学研究中心　水动力学全国重点实验室，江苏　无锡214082

    • 国威（1988-），男，博士，E-mail：。

Test research on ice and water force acting on the hull for medium and high floe ice concentration
Wei GUO , Qiao-sheng ZHAO, Yong-heng ZU, Zong-yu YANG
Affiliations
  • National Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics, China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
出版时间: 2024-06-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.06.008
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摘要
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船冰作用力的预报是冰区船航行性能评估环节的重点。本文针对某冰区航行船开展操纵性斜航模型试验研究，采用以聚丙烯为主材的圆形非冻结模型冰，通过模型试验给出船在无冰水域和中高密集度浮冰区的船体受力，研究船体在不同航速和漂角下的船体受力特性，并基于典型工况分析试验数据的重复性，发展冰区航行船的非冻结模型冰模型试验技术。研究结果表明：浮冰密集度、航速和漂角的增大会使船体受力增大，高密集度和大漂角下船冰接触区域更大，试验数据重复性也较好。

冰区航行船  /  非冻结模型冰  /  浮冰密集度  /  模型试验  /  漂角  /  冰力

Prediction of ice force acting on the hull is a key to assess the navigation performance of ice-going ships. An ice-going ship was used to conduct the manoeuvring oblique test, the circular synthetic ice made of polypropylene was adopted, the forces of hull in water and medium and high floe ice concentration region were given by model test, the characteristics of force under different speeds and drift angles were investigated, the data repeatability was analyzed based on typical conditions, and the synthetic ice model test technology was developed. The model test results show that increasing ice concentration, speed and drift angle will cause the larger force acting on the ship, the contact area of the ship and ice is larger in higher ice concentration and larger drift angle, the repeatability of data is also better.

ice-going ship  /  synthetic ice  /  ice concentration  /  model test  /  drift angle  /  ice force
国威, 赵桥生, 祖永恒, 杨宗豫. 中高密集度浮冰区船体冰水动力试验研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (6) : 887 -895 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.06.008
Wei GUO, Qiao-sheng ZHAO, Yong-heng ZU, Zong-yu YANG. Test research on ice and water force acting on the hull for medium and high floe ice concentration[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (6) : 887 -895 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.06.008
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0　引言
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近几十年来，北极地区气候变化日益显著，温度的升高使极区冰雪融化，海冰覆盖面积逐年减少[1]。东北航道是各国通商的主要航道，北极海冰的减少使该航道每年可维持通航两到三个月，航道某些区段冰情仍十分复杂，可能会威胁到冰区船的航行安全[2]。因此对冰区船航行性能的预报就显得尤为重要，船体冰力是影响航行性能的重要因素，且浮冰区通航是冰区船经常遇到的冰况，船体不同部位受到不同大小浮冰块的摩擦和撞击，对船体产生高频的接触力，严重影响船舶的航行性能。
模型试验是一种准确预报船体冰力的有效方法。开展船冰相互作用试验，需要在低温条件下进行，试验条件要求较为苛刻。目前国内比较有代表性的冰池为天津大学冰力学与冰工程实验室，黄焱等[3-5]在该冰池内开展了针对某运输船的冻结模型冰试验，针对平整冰研究了船冰作用时的冰层破坏模式以及船体冰阻力，针对浮冰冰况研究了浮冰与船体的相互作用、航速、浮冰密集度和大小对船体阻力的影响。国外的冰池试验，如HSVA水池开展了相关的冻结模型冰试验[6]，在长72 m、宽10 m的水池中分布有大小不一的多边形浮冰，试验中测量了模型船的受力，并基于试验结果校验了数值方法。Jeong等[7]介绍了KRISO冰池中模型冰的制作和测量技术，并针对不同冰况开展了碎冰航道试验，对船体阻力和主机参数进行了研究。
与冰池中的冻结模型冰相比，非冻结模型冰试验可在常温拖曳水池中进行，由于非冻结冰不可破碎，可以使试验具备较好的重复性，在常规拖曳水池即可开展试验。目前基于非冻结模型冰的水池试验较多，如郭春雨[8-9]和谢畅等[10]制作了满足几何相似要求的石蜡非冻结模型冰，开展了针对某冰区散货船的拖曳水池试验，通过该试验得出了不同浮冰密集度、航速等对船体阻力的影响规律，并分析了在某些特殊速度点下出现的遭遇频率使船体阻力陡增的现象。在此基础上，郭春雨等[11]开展了波浪与浮冰联合作用下的船体阻力试验，对波浪条件下的船冰遭遇频率现象进行了更深入的分析。Zong等[12]基于以聚丙烯为主材的非冻结冰开展了船体阻力水池试验，与多数非冻结冰试验不同的是，该非冻结冰具有六种不同的形状，通过该试验研究了不同密集度和航速对船体阻力的影响，试验中非冻结冰形状的多样性使试验工况与实际更为接近。Sawamura等[13]采用等大的圆盘状非冻结模型冰研究了静水和波浪条件下的船体浮冰力，发现波浪中的船体冰阻力比静水中的船体冰阻力要小。
本文采用聚丙烯材料的圆形非冻结模型冰开展某冰区航行船的斜航操纵性试验，研究在不同密集度、航速以及漂角下的船体受力，试验结果可用于校验数值模拟方法，也可为实船船体冰水动力预报提供数据支撑。
1　试验模型
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本试验在中国船舶科学研究中心拖曳水池开展。采用非冻结模型冰模拟浮冰场，浮冰形状为圆形。船体模型如图1所示，船模基本参数和非冻结冰参数如表1所示。
2　试验工况
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本试验不考虑冰的破碎，试验分为无冰水域工况、中浮冰密集度50%工况和高浮冰密集度70%工况，每种密集度下开展变航速和变漂角研究，试验工况如表2和表3所示。
本试验总计4000块浮冰，在50%和70%密集度下的浮冰区长度分别为20.10 m和14.35 m，浮冰区宽度为4.5 m。为保证数据的重复性，每个试验工况进行两次及多次测量。
3　数据分析
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船在浮冰区航行时，船体受力由冰力和水力组成，为明确船体受力中冰力和水力占比，需开展水动力试验和非冻结模型冰试验，而后将水力从非冻结冰试验结果中分离，得出船体冰力，因此本试验分为水动力试验和非冻结冰试验。
3.1　水动力试验
本试验中的数据采集系统为东华数据采集仪，每个工况下采集时长为8 s，取该时间段内的平均值即为该工况下的船体受力。试验得出的数据采用船体坐标系：x轴指向船首为正，y轴指向右舷为正，z轴向下为正，漂角顺时针为正。文中X表示船体纵向力，Y表示船体侧向力，N表示船体偏航力矩，下标water、ice和total分别表示水力、冰力和冰水总力。不同航速和漂角下的船体水动力如表4和图2所示，根据船体受力的非线性表达形式，图2中的纵向力采用二次多项式拟合，侧向力和偏航力矩采用三次多项式拟合。
从图2和表4可以看出，随着漂角的增大，船体纵向水动力、侧向水动力及偏航水动力矩都呈增大趋势。对于小漂角和低航速工况，船体纵向力变化较小，但漂角的变化对侧向力和偏航力矩的影响尤其明显。主要原因在于漂角的改变使船体迎流面积显著增加，船体两侧流动的不对称性使侧向力和偏航力矩增加明显，而对于纵向力的影响并不明显，仅在高航速、大漂角工况下可以观察到纵向力的变化。
3.2　非冻结模型冰试验
船在浮冰区航行时，船体冰力呈现出随机性特征，给试验带来一定的不确定性。为研究试验的重复性，选取50%和70%密集度，开展了船体受力的重复性研究。表5给出了两种密集度下、不同漂角和航速下的船体冰力，采用两次重复试验的平均值作为该工况的船体受力，其中重复性为第一、二次试验值相对于两次试验平均值的误差。
由于漂角0°时的侧向力和偏航力矩都为小量，因此不统计漂角0°时侧向力和偏航力矩的重复性。从表5可以看出，相比于70%密集度，50%密集度的重复性较差，这是由于50%密集度的浮冰空隙较大，会给布冰环节带来更多随机性，使船体受力测量结果重复性较差。总的来说，多数工况的重复性都在10%以内。
为进一步研究不同密集度下的船体受力特性，仍选取50%和70%密集度，每个密集度下具有六个漂角，每个漂角下对应三个航速，表6和表7分别给出了浮冰密集度50%和70%下的船体纵向力、侧向力及偏航力矩。
从表6和表7中可以看出：随着漂角、航速和浮冰密集度的增大，船体纵向力、侧向力及偏航力矩都呈增大趋势；漂角增大使船体迎流面积增大，进而使船体表面接触浮冰的区域增加，使船体受力增大；航速增大可以直接导致船冰碰撞力的增大，进而增大船体受力；浮冰密集度增大会使船冰接触频率和接触面积增大，导致船体受力增大。
图3和图4给出了船体受力随漂角的变化趋势，其中船体纵向力仍采用二次多项式拟合，侧向力和偏航力矩仍采用三次多项式拟合。
从图3和图4可以看出：采用多项式拟合的方式可以准确地描绘船体冰水合力的变化趋势，在小于4°的小漂角范围，船体所受冰水合力随漂角的变化速率较慢；当船体漂角大于4°时，船体冰水合力增大趋势较为明显。
以浮冰密集度70%工况为例，从船体所受冰水合力中分离出水力，得出船体所受净冰力，如图5所示。
从图5可以发现，随着漂角的增大，船体纵向冰力、侧向冰力和偏航力矩都相应增大。原因在于，当船体处于漂角为0°的直航状态时，浮冰阻力主要来源于船首区域与冰的作用，浮冰沿船首两侧滑动，此时船体左右的浮冰场对称，侧向冰力和偏航力矩较小；当船体具有一定漂角时，浮冰与船首一侧接触区域增加，另一侧接触面积减少，但平行中体部分与浮冰的接触面积增加速率更快，浮冰与船体接触面积的增大导致船体纵向力、侧向冰力和偏航力矩显著增大，且漂角越大该现象越明显。值得注意的是，在某些漂角下，船体冰力和力矩的离散度较大，以4°漂角为例，船体纵向冰力随着航速的增大而增大，而侧向力和偏航力矩随航速变化不大，该现象主要来源于浮冰分布的随机性和带漂角时船体两侧浮冰场的不对称性，浮冰分布的随机性使船冰接触产生的翻转、滑移和堆积等现象更为复杂，使试验结果出现一定的重复性误差，如表5所示。此外，船体侧向力为左舷和右舷所受合力，左舷和右舷所受侧向力方向相反，船体偏航力矩为重心前段和后段的合力，前段和后段力矩方向相反，船体表面浮冰压力分布的差异会使侧向力和偏航力矩变化明显。总的来说，数据离散度是由浮冰分布的随机性、船冰接触时浮冰运动的随机性和浮冰对船体的压力分布共同决定的。图6给出了50%和70%密集度的浮冰分布以及漂角为0°和4°时的船冰作用现象。
从图6（b）可以看出：当船处于漂角0°的直航状态时，50%浮冰密集度下可以观察到浮冰在船首处的翻转，但在船身处浮冰未发生翻转；在70%密集度下浮冰在发生翻转后紧贴船身向后滑动。由此可见，高密集度下船冰接触区域更大，船对浮冰的运动状态影响较大。从图6（c）可以看出，当船处于漂角4°的斜航状态时，与直航相比，50%和70%密集度下的浮冰翻转数量明显增多，且浮冰与船体接触区域也有所增加，这也从船冰作用现象上解释了密集度和漂角对船体冰力的内在影响。
4　结论
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本文开展了冰区航行船的水动力及非冻结模型冰斜航试验，研究了密集度、航速和漂角对船体冰水动力的影响，得到如下结论：
（1）在船体受力方面：浮冰密集度会影响船冰接触频率和接触面积，密集度越大，船体受力越大；航速的增大会使船与浮冰的碰撞力增大；漂角会影响船身迎流面积，漂角越大，船体受力越大。
（2）在船冰作用现象方面：浮冰密集度越大，浮冰翻转越剧烈，翻转的浮冰与船体接触面积越大；漂角的增大也会使船冰接触面积增大，导致船体冰力的增大。
（3）在数据重复性方面：高密集度、高航速以及大漂角工况下的船体受力试验结果重复性较好，低密集度下的浮冰分布随机性更大，试验结果重复性比高密集度时差。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52192690; 52192694)
  • 工信部高技术船舶科研项目(2021-342)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2803400; 2021YFC2803401)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第28卷第6期
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文章信息
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.06.008
  • 接收时间：2023-12-25
  • 首发时间：2026-03-21
  • 出版时间：2024-06-20
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  • 收稿日期：2023-12-25
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52192690; 52192694)
工信部高技术船舶科研项目(2021-342)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2803400; 2021YFC2803401)
作者信息
    中国船舶科学研究中心　水动力学全国重点实验室，江苏　无锡214082
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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