Article(id=1242151085125742979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242151082701430843, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.06.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1703088000000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774081496745, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1718812800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774081496745, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774081496745, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081496745, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242151082701430843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='6', pageStart='803', pageEnd='966', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774081496167, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081719798, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242152020732354696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242151082701430843, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242152020732354697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242151082701430843, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=866, endPage=876, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242151086065267079, articleId=1242151085125742979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Analysis of tip flow of ducted propeller based on groove structure, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Inspired by the“casing treatment”in turbomachinery, a rectangular groove structure is applied to the inner surface of ducted propeller to reduce the strength of the tip vorticity and inhibit the cavitation of tip vorticity, which is expected to improve the hydrodynamic and cavitation performance. The unsteady numerical calculation of Ka4-70 propeller operating inside duct 19A, with or without grooves, was carried out by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The influence of groove structure on tip pressure, tip vortex strength, tip vortex structure and hydrodynamic performance of blades was studied. The results show that the groove structure can significantly change the tip vortex of duct propeller, weaken the strength of vortex, increase the minimum pressure at the tip of blade, and almost have no effect on the propulsion performance. The results provide a new solution for tip vortex control and vibration and noise reduction of the ducted propeller.

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针对导管螺旋桨的梢部流动,受压气机中“机匣处理”的启发,将矩形凹槽结构应用于导管内壁,用于降低导管螺旋桨梢涡强度和抑制梢涡空化,进而有望改善导管螺旋桨的水动力和空泡性能。采用计算流体力学方法,针对19A导管和Ka4-70螺旋桨有无凹槽/不同凹槽结构进行非定常数值计算,研究凹槽结构对桨叶叶梢压力、梢涡强度、梢涡结构以及水动力性能的影响。结果表明:凹槽结构会明显改变导管螺旋桨梢部流场涡的形成,减弱梢涡强度,提高叶片梢部最小压力,并且对推进性能几乎没有影响。研究结果可为导管螺旋桨的梢涡控制以及减振降噪提供一种新的解决途径。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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金志辉(1993-),男,博士研究生

王鹏(1978-),男,教授,博士生导师,通讯作者,E-mail:

董华超(1988-),男,副教授。

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Grid independence verification

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网格数(万) KTΔKT10KQΔKQ
静止域旋转域
1201000.1862-10.65%0.3326-4.31%
2301600.1904-8.65%0.3395-2.31%
4202000.2040-2.1%0.3443-0.91%
6603200.2082-0.06%0.3471-0.10%
9004000.20840.3475
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网格无关性验证

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
网格数(万) KTΔKT10KQΔKQ
静止域旋转域
1201000.1862-10.65%0.3326-4.31%
2301600.1904-8.65%0.3395-2.31%
4202000.2040-2.1%0.3443-0.91%
6603200.2082-0.06%0.3471-0.10%
9004000.20840.3475
), ArticleFig(id=1242151100661445522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151085125742979, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Parameters of different grooves

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凹槽结构编号 l/mm h/mm b/mm
G14723
G24733
G34743
G44732
G54734
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不同凹槽结构参数

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凹槽结构编号 l/mm h/mm b/mm
G14723
G24733
G34743
G44732
G54734
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Comparison of statistical values of minimum pressures at propeller tip

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模型极小值/Pa平均值/Pa波动幅值/Pa模型极小值/Pa平均值/Pa波动幅值/Pa
无凹槽-5943.18-5855.62186.49G3-5623.99-5489.76274.54
G1-5533.03-5378.49322.88G4-5606.69-5462.5334.94
G2-5533.97-5425.32214.45G5-5568.48-5391.86385.11
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叶梢最小压力统计值对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型极小值/Pa平均值/Pa波动幅值/Pa模型极小值/Pa平均值/Pa波动幅值/Pa
无凹槽-5943.18-5855.62186.49G3-5623.99-5489.76274.54
G1-5533.03-5378.49322.88G4-5606.69-5462.5334.94
G2-5533.97-5425.32214.45G5-5568.48-5391.86385.11
), ArticleFig(id=1242151101055710116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151085125742979, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison of hydrodynamic performance of different ducted propellers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型 KTN KTP10KQ η模型 KTN KTP10KQ η
无凹槽0.03130.16780.19910.5721G30.03070.16530.19600.5683
G10.03090.16570.19660.5692G40.03120.16560.19690.5702
G20.03100.16500.19590.5691G50.03040.16490.19540.5671
), ArticleFig(id=1242151101160567720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242151085125742979, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同导管桨水动力性能对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型 KTN KTP10KQ η模型 KTN KTP10KQ η
无凹槽0.03130.16780.19910.5721G30.03070.16530.19600.5683
G10.03090.16570.19660.5692G40.03120.16560.19690.5702
G20.03100.16500.19590.5691G50.03040.16490.19540.5671
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基于凹槽结构的导管螺旋桨梢部流动研究
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金志辉 1 , 王鹏 2 , 董华超 2 , 温志文 1 , 丁永乐 1
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024,28(6): 866-876
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024, 28(6): 866-876
基于凹槽结构的导管螺旋桨梢部流动研究
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金志辉1, 王鹏2 , 董华超2, 温志文1, 丁永乐1
作者信息
  • 1.西安精密机械研究所,西安 710077
  • 2.西北工业大学 航海学院,西安 710072
  • 金志辉(1993-),男,博士研究生

    王鹏(1978-),男,教授,博士生导师,通讯作者,E-mail:

    董华超(1988-),男,副教授。

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Analysis of tip flow of ducted propeller based on groove structure
Zhi-hui JIN1, Peng WANG2 , Hua-chao DONG2, Zhi-wen WEN1, Yong-le DING1
Affiliations
  • 1.Xi'an Precision Machinery Research Institute, Xi'an 710077, China
  • 2.School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
出版时间: 2024-06-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.06.006
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针对导管螺旋桨的梢部流动,受压气机中“机匣处理”的启发,将矩形凹槽结构应用于导管内壁,用于降低导管螺旋桨梢涡强度和抑制梢涡空化,进而有望改善导管螺旋桨的水动力和空泡性能。采用计算流体力学方法,针对19A导管和Ka4-70螺旋桨有无凹槽/不同凹槽结构进行非定常数值计算,研究凹槽结构对桨叶叶梢压力、梢涡强度、梢涡结构以及水动力性能的影响。结果表明:凹槽结构会明显改变导管螺旋桨梢部流场涡的形成,减弱梢涡强度,提高叶片梢部最小压力,并且对推进性能几乎没有影响。研究结果可为导管螺旋桨的梢涡控制以及减振降噪提供一种新的解决途径。

导管螺旋桨  /  凹槽结构  /  梢涡结构  /  空泡  /  机匣处理

Inspired by the“casing treatment”in turbomachinery, a rectangular groove structure is applied to the inner surface of ducted propeller to reduce the strength of the tip vorticity and inhibit the cavitation of tip vorticity, which is expected to improve the hydrodynamic and cavitation performance. The unsteady numerical calculation of Ka4-70 propeller operating inside duct 19A, with or without grooves, was carried out by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The influence of groove structure on tip pressure, tip vortex strength, tip vortex structure and hydrodynamic performance of blades was studied. The results show that the groove structure can significantly change the tip vortex of duct propeller, weaken the strength of vortex, increase the minimum pressure at the tip of blade, and almost have no effect on the propulsion performance. The results provide a new solution for tip vortex control and vibration and noise reduction of the ducted propeller.

ducted propeller  /  groove structure  /  tip vortex structure  /  cavitation  /  casing treatment
金志辉, 王鹏, 董华超, 温志文, 丁永乐. 基于凹槽结构的导管螺旋桨梢部流动研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (6) : 866 -876 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.06.006
Zhi-hui JIN, Peng WANG, Hua-chao DONG, Zhi-wen WEN, Yong-le DING. Analysis of tip flow of ducted propeller based on groove structure[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (6) : 866 -876 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.06.006
导管螺旋桨,简称为导管桨,作为一种特种推进器,是由螺旋桨和包围在其外部的圆环状喷管共同构成。在低速、高载荷工况或者螺旋桨设计直径受到限制时,导管螺旋桨具有独特的优势。在高负荷场景下,导管螺旋桨具有效率高、推力大的特点,同时导管在螺旋桨周围还可以起到保护作用,避免与外物碰撞损坏。此外,导管可保证有定向的水流供给螺旋桨,起到均整伴流作用,提高螺旋桨的空泡性能。导管螺旋桨因其具有上述独特的水动力性能,在船舶、水下航行器等方面被广泛应用[1]
学者们对导管螺旋桨水动力性能方面做了大量的研究。时立攀[2]基于RANS的雷诺应力模型对导管桨流场及尾涡进行了研究;胡健[3]研究了导管桨的水动力特性,并探讨了导管参数和斜流对导管桨水动力参数的影响;王楠[4]、张弘[5]等研究了导管长度、导管形状以及间隙对水动力性能的影响。此外,对导管与桨叶间的间隙流动及梢涡研究对导管桨的空化、振动与噪声具有重要意义。Gaggero等[6]对导管桨的梢涡空化进行了数值预报,捕捉了梢涡的流动细节;龚杰等[7]基于分离涡模拟(Detached Eddy Simulation,DES)方法对导管桨的内流场和尾流场进行了数值模拟,研究了导管与桨叶梢涡形成的涡系作用与影响;张习迪[8]、Ding[9]等对不同间隙下导管桨的水动力性能进行了研究,探究了导管桨叶顶泄露涡(Tip Leakage Vortex,TLV)的生成、发展及演化,揭示了叶顶间隙影响的潜在机制。
导管螺旋桨由于其叶顶间隙的存在,导管内壁与桨叶的相对运动的影响,使得导管桨的间隙流动受到叶顶泄露涡、桨叶梢涡、叶顶分离涡等复杂涡系的混合影响。这些涡流通常会带来导管桨的推力损失、振动以及噪声等不利影响。吴家鸣[10-11]研究了进速、诱导速度对导管桨推力、转矩的影响,并通过调整导管参数,对螺旋桨梢涡产生进行了改善;尚志强等[12]依据仿生学原理,改变导管尾缘以优化导管内部流场,并回收部分尾流场能量,以提高推进性能;针对这种导管与内部旋转转子的形式,卢新根[13]、袁巍[14]等在航空发动机上通过机匣处理,即在导管内壁布置凹槽结构,以改变气流流路,形成叶尖漏流的通道,减少阻塞和损失;Choi等[15]在高速涡轮机的叶片顶部的导管内壁上,采用J-型槽抑制梢涡空化和振动;叶金铭等[16]针对泵喷推进器,借鉴航空发动机“机匣处理”技术,在泵喷推进器导管内壁上开设凹槽结构,分析对比了有凹槽和无凹槽泵喷推进器的梢涡强度,初步验证了沟槽结构对梢涡有控制效果。
本文以Ka4-70+19A导管螺旋桨为研究对象,在导管内壁周向设置一系列凹槽结构,基于DES模型进行流场数值模拟,从压力分布、梢涡特性等方面分析其控制梢涡流动、降低梢涡强度等特性,以凹槽深度、凹槽宽度为变量,探索不同凹槽结构对导管螺旋桨性能的影响,可为导管螺旋桨梢涡控制方法提供参考。
本文采用的基础计算模型是由Ka4-70螺旋桨和19A导管组成。螺旋桨直径D=240 mm,螺距比P/D为1.0,叶梢间隙为1 mm,桨叶数为4,如图1所示。更多关于Ka螺旋桨系列和导管几何形状的信息可参照文献[17]。
根据航空发动机中机匣处理结构,本文在导管螺旋桨导管内壁处布置一周的矩形凹槽,凹槽数量为80,带有凹槽结构的导管螺旋桨如图2所示。其中,凹槽结构外形参数如图3所示。图中,h为凹槽深度,由导管内壁沿着法向偏置得到;b为凹槽宽度,即凹槽在导管内壁的弧长;l为凹槽长度,等于桨叶叶顶在轴向的投影长度,即l=0.047 m。凹槽位于桨叶梢部正上方,沿导管内壁一周分布,轴向位置与叶梢轴向投影相对应。
通过求解三维不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程对导管螺旋桨复杂流场进行数值仿真,可得到导管螺旋桨的性能。对于不可压缩单相牛顿流体,连续性方程和动量方程如下:
式中,ρ为流体的密度,xixj为笛卡尔坐标系的分量,uiuj为惯性系下的速度分量,p为流体上的压力,Sj为体积力项,μ是动力粘性系数。其中式(2)右边中控制方程脉动速度相关项为雷诺应力,是控制方程时均化出现的未知量。
为了使得上述方程封闭,需要对方程中的雷诺应力作出假设,即建立应力表达式或引入新的湍流模型方程,通过表达式或湍流模型,将湍流的脉动值与时均值联系起来。首先,基于RANS与剪切应力-输运模型(SST k-ω)对导管螺旋桨的稳态流动进行模拟。其次,在定常流的基础上,基于分离涡模型(DES)进行非定常数值模拟。DES是一种混合模型,其结合了RANS和大涡模拟方法(Large Eddy Simulation,LES)。在近壁面湍流处理上应用RANS模拟,应用LES求解距离壁面较远的大涡结构,通过湍流长度尺度与网格间距的比较来实现RANS和LES的切换。因此,DES模拟只用相对较少的计算资源就能提高对小尺度涡结构的模拟精度,关于DES模型的详细介绍和应用见文献[18]。DES已被广泛应用于预测螺旋桨水动力学和研究螺旋桨尾流的演变[719]
本研究中采用与导管螺旋桨旋转轴一致的圆柱形计算域,为尽可能消除远场边界对计算结果的影响,速度入口距离桨盘面为4D,静压出口距离桨盘面为10D,自由滑移圆周边界为6DD为螺旋桨直径。螺旋桨在导管内做旋转运动,因此将计算域分为静止域和旋转域,其中为了方便考虑凹槽结构,静止域分为包含导管外壁面的外流域和由导管内壁面和凹槽构成的凹槽静止域,区域之间设置交界面进行流场信息交换。导管、螺旋桨、凹槽壁面均设置为无滑移壁面边界。本文采用多参考系模型(MRF)进行定常计算,在进行非定常计算时采用滑移网格技术(sliding mesh)实现螺旋桨的旋转运动。计算域及边界条件设置如图4所示。
为了提高计算精度和效率,本研究采用结构化六面体网格对整个流域进行网格划分。对桨叶导边、随边和梢部网格进行局部加密,对桨叶、导管和凹槽表面设置边界层网格进行边界层模拟。对导管间隙、凹槽区域进行网格加密以精确捕获间隙处流动。此外,对叶梢附近环形区域进行加密处理,交界面处网格保持尺寸大小接近。计算网格示意图如图5所示。
为验证计算网格无关性,以进速系数J=0.6为例,对比了不同网格数的导管桨水动力系数,计算结果如表1所示。通过比较发现,网格总数超过600万时,计算的水动力结果相对误差最大为2.1%,已经满足计算要求。但是考虑到凹槽结构的流场精细化流动模拟,本文计算域最终采用约1000万网格总数,其中静止域660万,旋转域320万。
根据表2给出的凹槽结构参数,在原始导管内壁分别建立G1-G5带有凹槽结构的导管螺旋桨模型。并采用2.3节的网格划分和计算条件,对不同凹槽结构的导管螺旋桨进行非定常数值模拟,分析对比不同模型的叶梢压力、梢涡结构、梢涡强度以及水动力性能。
由于考虑导管凹槽结构,网格划分时将导管凹槽区域单独划分,与以往的流域设置有所不同,因此通过与试验值对比,对数值计算方法进行验证。为了简化螺旋桨水动力性能分析,将导管螺旋桨的水动力性能参数用以下无量纲系数表示:
式中,VA为进流速度,n为转速,D为螺旋桨直径,ρ为流体密度,TPTD分别为螺旋桨和导管的推力,Q为螺旋桨的转矩,J为进速系数,KTPKTN分别为螺旋桨和导管的推力系数,KQ为转矩系数,η0为敞水效率。
图6给出了无凹槽的导管螺旋桨敞水数值计算结果与试验值[20]的对比,螺旋桨转速参考文献[21],设定为n=450 r/min。从计算结果来看,整体与试验值吻合度较好。除了在J=0.8处,其余螺旋桨推力系数两者的误差均在3%以下;相比推力系数,转矩系数误差较大,但也都在6%以下;而导管的推力系数在J=0.6以下,误差均在2%以内。高进速比时,导管推力系数误差变大,是因为其绝对值相对较小。上述结果表明,当前数值模拟方法对后续导管螺旋桨流场特性分析具备可信度。
在非定常计算中,螺旋桨转速n=450 r/min,进速系数J=0.6。螺旋桨的雷诺数用0.75R处叶切面的弦长及其合速度表示,即
式中,c0.7为0.75R处叶切面的弦长,ν为水的运动粘性系数,此工况下螺旋桨的雷诺数为3.9×105。取旋转1°的时间为时间步长,共进行4圈的数值计算,并使用稳态计算结果进行流场初始化,第3、4圈的计算结果相比于前两圈更加趋于稳定,计算残差保持在10-5以下,表明第四个周期的结果基本收敛,采用最后一个周期的结果进行分析。
图7表示叶梢最小压力在一个旋转周期内的变化。由图可以看出,具有凹槽结构的导管螺旋桨叶梢最小压力相比于原始模型均有所提高。叶梢最小压力在一个周期的统计值如表3所示。可以看出,凹槽结构模型叶梢最小压力的极小值和平均值均比无凹槽结构的数值大,这表明凹槽结构对桨叶梢部最小压力有明显提升作用。对比G1-G3和原始模型,当凹槽深度增加时,最小压力的极小值和平均值均有所降低,对于极小值,G1和G2差别很小。但是波动幅值G2比G1、G3明显变小,与无凹槽结果相比略有增加。同样对比G2、G4、G5和原始模型,随着凹槽宽度的增加,最小压力的极小值和平均值变大。此外,波动幅值方面,G2比G4和G5明显降低。相比于无凹槽模型,G2叶梢最小压力的极小值增加了6.8%,平均值增加了7.3%。考虑到波动幅值变大可能会带来桨叶振动等影响,在5个模型中,G2模型明显在降低叶梢压力、推迟叶梢空化以及影响振动等方面表现更好。
在对导管螺旋桨的非定常模拟中,取最后一个旋转周期的平均值作为最终水动力参数的预测值。各模型的水动力性能参数如表4所示。由表可知,凹槽结构使得导管推力、桨叶推力、桨叶扭矩以及效率均有所降低。当凹槽的深度和宽度增加时,导管上的推力随之减小,因凹槽的侧面增大,导致导管上的阻力随之增加,故螺旋桨推力和扭矩随着凹槽宽度增加均有所减小。而当凹槽深度变化时,比如G2模型的凹槽深度为3 mm,其推力和扭矩比G1(凹槽深2 mm)和G3(凹槽深4 mm)均有所降低。但是G2的效率比G3高,比G1略低。G2相比于原始模型,推力减小了1.5%,效率降低了0.5%,整体变化很小,这表明G2凹槽结构对导管螺旋桨水动力性能影响很小。
为了显示流场中的涡结构,采用Q准则来识别涡:
式中,Ω为涡量张量,E为应变率张量。图8表示无凹槽结构的导管螺旋桨瞬时涡结构。可以看出,使用DES模拟能够较好地模拟和捕捉导管诱导涡和螺旋桨叶梢泄露涡等结构。
根据上述叶梢压力与水动力影响分析,选取G2凹槽模型与原始导管螺旋桨模型进行对比。图9表示Q=500 s-2时两种模型的瞬时涡剖视图。对比剖面梢涡形状和大小可知,G2模型的梢涡截面比无凹槽结果小,其梢涡强度变小,这表明凹槽结构对梢涡结构和强度有一定的控制作用。
图10x-z平面两个模型涡量的y分量对比。凹槽结构的存在使得导管分离涡与叶梢泄露涡的作用干扰更加复杂,可以看到随着向下游发展,梢涡出现破碎现象,表明凹槽结构可以改变梢涡结构,进而降低梢涡强度。
为了进一步说明凹槽结构的作用,图11给出了两种模型在下游x/D=-0.3处涡量切片云图。导管内壁的片状涡与叶梢涡相互交杂,重合成一个圆形状片状涡,而凹槽结构的存在打破了这个片状涡,使得涡强在周向的变化平缓,降低了梢涡强度。同时,梢涡涡强最大位置也发生了改变,这说明凹槽结构改变了梢涡的空间分布。图12x/D=-0.3处压力云图。无凹槽模型在叶梢处有明显的低压区,对应于图11中的涡强最大处;而G2凹槽模型相应位置的低压区明显消失,低压区随着旋转向下游发展,此外低压区的最小压力也明显提高。这表明凹槽结构能够明显改变梢涡空间演化,减小梢涡强度,增大梢涡涡核压力,可进一步延迟梢涡空泡产生。
为了更加直观地表示凹槽结构对叶梢流动的控制效果,在叶顶区域沿着轴向设置5个轴向剖面(x/D=-0.04,-0.02,0,0.02,0.04)。图13给出从桨叶导边至随边5处不同轴向位置的叶顶区域旋涡强度。对比图13(a)、(b)可以看出,随着流动向下游发展,凹槽结构模型的叶梢分离涡(TSV)和叶顶泄露涡(TLV)的旋涡强度相比于无凹槽模型均有所减弱,图中对x/D=0处的叶顶区域涡强进行了放大示意。在导管内壁开设凹槽后,压力面到吸力面的叶梢流动在卷曲发展过程中,首先经过凹槽结构,并在凹槽结构中形成回流,这会降低叶顶泄露涡的强度。同样,叶梢分离流也会经过凹槽,导致强度有所削弱。以上进一步表明凹槽结构可以改变梢涡结构,进而降低梢涡强度。值得注意的是,叶梢流动经过凹槽回流,在凹槽区域会形成一定强度的旋涡。
本文在导管内壁面开设了矩形凹槽结构,并基于分离涡模型对不同尺寸凹槽结构的导管螺旋桨进行了数值计算,通过对导管螺旋桨梢部压力、水动力性能和梢涡结构、强度等方面进行对比,得到以下结论:
(1)凹槽结构能够提高叶梢最小压力,并且叶梢最小压力的极小值和平均值均比无凹槽模型高。凹槽深度增加时,叶梢最小压力的极小值和平均值均有所降低。凹槽宽度增加,叶梢最小压力的极小值和平均值变大。当凹槽宽度为3 mm、深度为3 mm时,叶梢最小压力的极小值增加了6.8%,平均值增加了7.3%,且压力波动幅值小。
(2)凹槽结构使得导管分离涡和梢涡作用更加复杂,梢涡出现破碎现象,叶顶泄露涡和叶梢分离涡强度均有所减小。能够明显改变梢涡空间演化,减小梢涡强度,增大梢涡涡核压力。
(3)凹槽结构对导管螺旋桨水动力性能影响很小,G2模型相比于无凹槽模型,其推力减小了1.5%,效率降低了0.5%。在对推进性能几乎没有影响的情况下,凹槽结构有效地减小了梢涡强度,改变了梢涡流动,可以为导管螺旋桨的梢涡控制、空泡延迟、减振降噪提供参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52175251)
  • 国防基础科研计划资助项目(JCKY2021206B005)
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2024年第28卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.06.006
  • 接收时间:2023-12-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-21
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52175251)
国防基础科研计划资助项目(JCKY2021206B005)
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    1.西安精密机械研究所,西安 710077
    2.西北工业大学 航海学院,西安 710072

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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