Article(id=1242150814492467241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150809505444351, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.05.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700323200000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774081432220, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1716134400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774081432220, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774081432220, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081432220, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242150809505444351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='5', pageStart='637', pageEnd='802', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774081431031, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081700138, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242151938268143729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150809505444351, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242151938272338034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150809505444351, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=760, endPage=770, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242150814731542570, articleId=1242150814492467241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Buckling analysis of pipelines with multiple elliptical defects in the axial direction, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The defects of a submarine pipeline caused by laying, non-uniform seabed support and impact of falling objects are often distributed in many places. In order to simplify the analysis, the buckling model of a pipeline with multiple elliptical defects in the axial direction is generally simplified as the pipeline with uniform elliptical defects or the pipeline with a single local elliptical defect in the axial direction. However, there are few studies on the differences of these three models and their application in engineering. Based on the numerical simulation, this paper presents a study on the buckling and instability behavior of the pipeline with three kinds of elliptical defects. The RIKS method was used to solve the buckling pressure of the pipeline, and compared with the calculation results of DNV-OS-F101, focusing on the analysis of the excitation position and influence parameters of the buckling and instability of the pipeline with multiple elliptical defects in the axial direction. The results show that the buckling pressure of the pipeline model with different elliptical defects is obviously different, and the order is the buckling pressure of the pipeline with uniform elliptical defects < the theoretical solution of DNV-OS-F101 < the buckling pressure of the pipeline with multiple elliptical defects < the buckling pressure of the pipeline with single local elliptical defects. For the buckling analysis of the pipeline with multiple elliptical defects in the axial direction, if the pipeline model is simplified with axial uniform elliptical defects, it is more conservative. However, if the pipeline model is simplified with axial single local elliptical defects, it is more dangerous. Besides, the buckling pressure of the pipeline with multiple elliptical defects is affected by the size of elliptical defects, the distance between elliptical defects and the length of elliptical defects.

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由铺设、非均匀海床支撑和落物撞击引起的海底管道缺陷往往是轴向非均匀、非一致且多处分布的。出于简化分析的需要,一般将轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳分析模型简化为轴向含均匀椭圆缺陷管道或轴向含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道。但针对这三种模型计算结果的差异及其工程适用性的研究仍然较少。本文基于数值仿真方法研究含三种椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳行为,利用RIKS方法求解管道的屈曲压力,并与DNV-OS-F101计算结果进行对比,重点分析轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道屈曲失稳的激发位置及影响参数。研究结果表明,含不同椭圆缺陷管道模型所求解的屈曲压力差异明显,其大小顺序为:含均匀椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力<DNV规范理论解<含多处椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力<含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力。对于轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳分析,若简化为轴向均匀椭圆缺陷管道模型则偏于保守,简化为轴向含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道模型则偏于危险。轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力受到椭圆缺陷大小、椭圆缺陷间距和椭圆缺陷长度的综合影响。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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谢鹏(1987-),男,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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谢鹏(1987-),男,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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谢鹏(1987-),男,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=CN, label=图11, caption=轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道屈曲失稳激发位置及模态, figureFileSmall=fbAFh61FG3Kp+HgFLNfMCQ==, figureFileBig=ra4RWrOI/EzLVYu65kR8EA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150828698575305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Theoretical buckling pressure according to DNV-OS-F101

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
椭圆度大小(%)12345
屈曲压力/MPa10.959.508.447.616.94
), ArticleFig(id=1242150828774072782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

DNV规范理论屈曲压力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
椭圆度大小(%)12345
屈曲压力/MPa10.959.508.447.616.94
), ArticleFig(id=1242150828857958865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Main parameters of X65

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称符号/单位数值
密度ρ/(kg⋅m-37850
泊松比ν0.3
弹性模量E/Pa2.06E11
屈服强度σs/Pa4.48E8
), ArticleFig(id=1242150828946039256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

X65钢材主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称符号/单位数值
密度ρ/(kg⋅m-37850
泊松比ν0.3
弹性模量E/Pa2.06E11
屈服强度σs/Pa4.48E8
), ArticleFig(id=1242150829034119644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Buckling pressure of pipelines with uniform distributed elliptical defects in axial direction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
椭圆度大小(%)12345
屈曲压力/MPa9.698.046.715.594.88
), ArticleFig(id=1242150829088645600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

轴向含均匀椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
椭圆度大小(%)12345
屈曲压力/MPa9.698.046.715.594.88
), ArticleFig(id=1242150829159948770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Buckling pressure of pipelines with elliptical defects in single segment in axial direction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
椭圆度大小(%)12345
屈曲压力/MPa12.7911.2810.079.058.30
), ArticleFig(id=1242150829285777895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

轴向含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力

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椭圆度大小(%)12345
屈曲压力/MPa12.7911.2810.079.058.30
), ArticleFig(id=1242150829394829807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Comparison of buckling pressures of pipelines

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椭圆度大小(%)12345
屈曲压力/MPa含多处椭圆缺陷管道12.0410.549.518.547.94
含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道12.7911.2810.079.058.30
含均匀椭圆缺陷管道9.698.046.715.594.88
DNV-OS-F101规范10.959.508.447.616.94
), ArticleFig(id=1242150829487104497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

管道屈曲压力对比

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椭圆度大小(%)12345
屈曲压力/MPa含多处椭圆缺陷管道12.0410.549.518.547.94
含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道12.7911.2810.079.058.30
含均匀椭圆缺陷管道9.698.046.715.594.88
DNV-OS-F101规范10.959.508.447.616.94
), ArticleFig(id=1242150829612933618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Relationship between buckling pressure and maximum ellipticity

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左端椭圆度大小(%)中间椭圆度大小(%)右端椭圆度大小(%)屈曲压力/MPa
1518.19
1528.16
1538.13
1548.09
), ArticleFig(id=1242150829696819702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

屈曲压力与最大椭圆度的关系

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左端椭圆度大小(%)中间椭圆度大小(%)右端椭圆度大小(%)屈曲压力/MPa
1518.19
1528.16
1538.13
1548.09
), ArticleFig(id=1242150829776511482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Effect of interval between elliptical defect segments on buckling pressure of pipelines (3%, 3% and 3% models)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
椭圆缺陷间距/m屈曲压力/MPa与参考屈曲压力的相对偏差(%)椭圆缺陷间距/m屈曲压力/MPa与参考屈曲压力的相对偏差(%)
2.509.900.758.6212.93
2.259.682.220.508.5613.54
2.009.513.940.258.3915.25
1.759.355.560.108.3615.56
1.509.246.610.058.3515.66
1.259.088.280.018.3315.86
1.008.8710.40
), ArticleFig(id=1242150829868786176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

椭圆缺陷间距对管道屈曲压力的影响(3%、3%、3%模型)

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椭圆缺陷间距/m屈曲压力/MPa与参考屈曲压力的相对偏差(%)椭圆缺陷间距/m屈曲压力/MPa与参考屈曲压力的相对偏差(%)
2.509.900.758.6212.93
2.259.682.220.508.5613.54
2.009.513.940.258.3915.25
1.759.355.560.108.3615.56
1.509.246.610.058.3515.66
1.259.088.280.018.3315.86
1.008.8710.40
), ArticleFig(id=1242150829986226694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Effect of interval between elliptical defect segments on buckling pressure of pipelines (1%, 5% and 1% models)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
椭圆缺陷间距/m屈曲压力/MPa与参考屈曲压力的相对偏差(%)椭圆缺陷间距/m屈曲压力/MPa与参考屈曲压力的相对偏差(%)
2.508.2100.758.091.46
2.258.20.120.508.061.83
2.008.190.240.258.022.31
1.758.170.490.107.992.68
1.508.160.610.057.982.80
1.258.140.850.017.972.92
1.008.121.10
), ArticleFig(id=1242150830078501388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

椭圆缺陷间距对管道屈曲压力的影响(1%、5%、1%模型)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
椭圆缺陷间距/m屈曲压力/MPa与参考屈曲压力的相对偏差(%)椭圆缺陷间距/m屈曲压力/MPa与参考屈曲压力的相对偏差(%)
2.508.2100.758.091.46
2.258.20.120.508.061.83
2.008.190.240.258.022.31
1.758.170.490.107.992.68
1.508.160.610.057.982.80
1.258.140.850.017.972.92
1.008.121.10
), ArticleFig(id=1242150830179164691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=EN, label=Tab.9, caption=

Effect of elliptical defect length on buckling pressure of pipelines (3%, 3% and 3% models)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
椭圆缺陷长度/m屈曲压力/MPa与参考屈曲压力的相对偏差(%)椭圆缺陷长度/m屈曲压力/MPa与参考屈曲压力的相对偏差(%)
0.2010.3301.208.6915.88
0.409.894.261.408.5017.72
0.609.626.871.608.4518.20
0.809.2610.361.808.1521.10
1.008.8714.132.008.0522.07
), ArticleFig(id=1242150831705891351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

椭圆缺陷长度对管道屈曲压力的影响(3%、3%、3%模型)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
椭圆缺陷长度/m屈曲压力/MPa与参考屈曲压力的相对偏差(%)椭圆缺陷长度/m屈曲压力/MPa与参考屈曲压力的相对偏差(%)
0.2010.3301.208.6915.88
0.409.894.261.408.5017.72
0.609.626.871.608.4518.20
0.809.2610.361.808.1521.10
1.008.8714.132.008.0522.07
), ArticleFig(id=1242150831806554653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=EN, label=Tab.10, caption=

Buckling pressure of pipelines with elliptical defects of different sizes in axial direction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析工况左端椭圆度(%)中间椭圆度(%)右端椭圆度(%)屈曲压力/MPa屈曲激发位置
工况112110.892%椭圆度处
最大椭圆度2%21110.55
工况21319.813%椭圆度处
最大椭圆度3%3119.61
工况31418.904%椭圆度处
最大椭圆度4%4118.57
工况41518.195%椭圆度处
最大椭圆度5%5118.01
), ArticleFig(id=1242150831923995170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150814492467241, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

轴向含不同大小椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析工况左端椭圆度(%)中间椭圆度(%)右端椭圆度(%)屈曲压力/MPa屈曲激发位置
工况112110.892%椭圆度处
最大椭圆度2%21110.55
工况21319.813%椭圆度处
最大椭圆度3%3119.61
工况31418.904%椭圆度处
最大椭圆度4%4118.57
工况41518.195%椭圆度处
最大椭圆度5%5118.01
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轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳分析
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谢鹏 1, 2 , 陈昇琳 1, 2 , 郑若晗 1, 2 , 常江涛 1, 2
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2024,28(5): 760-770
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2024, 28(5): 760-770
轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳分析
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谢鹏1, 2 , 陈昇琳1, 2, 郑若晗1, 2, 常江涛1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中山大学 海洋工程与技术学院,广东 珠海 519082
  • 2.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东 珠海 519082
  • 谢鹏(1987-),男,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Buckling analysis of pipelines with multiple elliptical defects in the axial direction
Peng XIE1, 2 , Sheng-lin CHEN1, 2, Ruo-han ZHENG1, 2, Jiang-tao CHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
  • 2.Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
出版时间: 2024-05-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.05.012
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由铺设、非均匀海床支撑和落物撞击引起的海底管道缺陷往往是轴向非均匀、非一致且多处分布的。出于简化分析的需要,一般将轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳分析模型简化为轴向含均匀椭圆缺陷管道或轴向含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道。但针对这三种模型计算结果的差异及其工程适用性的研究仍然较少。本文基于数值仿真方法研究含三种椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳行为,利用RIKS方法求解管道的屈曲压力,并与DNV-OS-F101计算结果进行对比,重点分析轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道屈曲失稳的激发位置及影响参数。研究结果表明,含不同椭圆缺陷管道模型所求解的屈曲压力差异明显,其大小顺序为:含均匀椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力<DNV规范理论解<含多处椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力<含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力。对于轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳分析,若简化为轴向均匀椭圆缺陷管道模型则偏于保守,简化为轴向含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道模型则偏于危险。轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力受到椭圆缺陷大小、椭圆缺陷间距和椭圆缺陷长度的综合影响。

海底管道  /  椭圆缺陷  /  屈曲失稳  /  RIKS方法  /  有限元分析

The defects of a submarine pipeline caused by laying, non-uniform seabed support and impact of falling objects are often distributed in many places. In order to simplify the analysis, the buckling model of a pipeline with multiple elliptical defects in the axial direction is generally simplified as the pipeline with uniform elliptical defects or the pipeline with a single local elliptical defect in the axial direction. However, there are few studies on the differences of these three models and their application in engineering. Based on the numerical simulation, this paper presents a study on the buckling and instability behavior of the pipeline with three kinds of elliptical defects. The RIKS method was used to solve the buckling pressure of the pipeline, and compared with the calculation results of DNV-OS-F101, focusing on the analysis of the excitation position and influence parameters of the buckling and instability of the pipeline with multiple elliptical defects in the axial direction. The results show that the buckling pressure of the pipeline model with different elliptical defects is obviously different, and the order is the buckling pressure of the pipeline with uniform elliptical defects < the theoretical solution of DNV-OS-F101 < the buckling pressure of the pipeline with multiple elliptical defects < the buckling pressure of the pipeline with single local elliptical defects. For the buckling analysis of the pipeline with multiple elliptical defects in the axial direction, if the pipeline model is simplified with axial uniform elliptical defects, it is more conservative. However, if the pipeline model is simplified with axial single local elliptical defects, it is more dangerous. Besides, the buckling pressure of the pipeline with multiple elliptical defects is affected by the size of elliptical defects, the distance between elliptical defects and the length of elliptical defects.

submarine pipeline  /  elliptical defect  /  buckling instability  /  RIKS method  /  finite element analysis
谢鹏, 陈昇琳, 郑若晗, 常江涛. 轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳分析. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (5) : 760 -770 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.05.012
Peng XIE, Sheng-lin CHEN, Ruo-han ZHENG, Jiang-tao CHANG. Buckling analysis of pipelines with multiple elliptical defects in the axial direction[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (5) : 760 -770 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.05.012
海底管道作为海上油气开发必须依赖的重要基础设施,是海洋油气资源开发的生命线[1]。在油气田内部,它将海上油气田的钻井系统、生产系统和海底管汇连成一体,使钻井、采油和输运系统相互关联、相互协调。在油气外输作业中,海底管道跨越复杂海床,与岸基终端设备相连,快速、高效地完成油气的运输过程。作为典型的细长、薄壁结构,管道在制造、运输、铺设和服役过程中极易受到侧向荷载作用而发生局部损伤和缺陷,并影响后续承载能力,从而发生局部屈曲失稳。管道的初始缺陷是影响管道屈曲失稳的重要参数,众多学者针对含初始几何缺陷管道的屈曲失稳问题进行了研究。1961年,Timoshenko等[2]将管道结构假定为处于平面状态且具有理想弹塑性材料的二维圆环,并且引入初始椭圆度的影响,推导了管道发生弹性屈曲时的计算公式,确定了管道弹性屈曲的理论解;2000年,DNV-OS-F101规定,管道制造过程中的最大椭圆度不得超过1.5%,在考虑铺设弯曲、集中力等作用后的累积椭圆率不得超过3%,并给出了基于二维圆环模型的含椭圆缺陷的管道屈曲压力计算公式,但忽略了管道沿轴向的不均匀变形特征;2012年,张日曦等[3]研究了初始椭圆度对小径厚比深水管道屈曲临界压力的影响,提出了适用性临界压力修正公式;2012年,龚顺风等[4]基于模型试验方法,在管道的局部位置预制椭圆变形并开展屈曲失稳试验,研究初始椭圆度对管道屈曲压力的影响,发现随着初始椭圆率的增加,管道的失稳压力迅速减小;2013年,余建星[5]、刘源等[7]基于非线性有限元方法和模型试验,研究了初始椭圆缺陷对不同尺寸、不同径厚比管道屈曲压力的影响;2013年,李新仲等[6]成功拟合了管道屈曲失稳破坏的结构承载力显式表达式,并构建了含初始椭圆缺陷管道的安全裕度方程,为深水工程结构设计提供了参考和安全保障;2018年,佟光军等[8]基于有限元弧长法,分析了含初始椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳和传播过程,研究了深水海底管道壁厚选择和止屈方法。
以上研究主要针对轴向含均匀椭圆缺陷管道和轴向含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳问题进行了分析。但是,在工程实际中由于制造水平、安装工艺和服役环境的限制,管道的初始缺陷沿轴向通常是非均匀、非一致且多处分布的,许多学者在研究中均发现了这一现象。2003年,Vitali等[9]在研究管道S型铺设残余变形时发现,管道铺设会引起管道发生明显塑性变形,当管道离开铺管船铺设至海床后,管道曲率和椭圆缺陷依然存在,并且沿管道轴向非一致分布;2006年,Torselletti等[10]进一步发展了Vitali的分析模型,建立了“管道-托辊”耦合作用的局部有限元分析模型,研究了管道铺设后的残余曲率、残余椭圆损伤和应变集中现象,进一步分析了残余损伤的大小与径厚比(D/t)之间的关系,并提出了托辊反力和残余椭圆损伤计算的经验公式,具有工程实用价值;2014年,余建星等[11]基于ABAQUS软件分析了铺设过程中张紧器夹持引起的管道椭圆损伤,计算了管道沿轴向非一致的椭圆损伤分布情况;2015年,Xie等[12-13]基于有限元方法建立了“托管架-托辊-管道”的三维有限元分析模型,研究了20英寸管道(壁厚1.2英寸)铺设至1500米工况下残余椭圆损伤的产生及其对屈曲承载能力的影响,发现管道离开托管架后,依然存在0.261%的残余应变和最大0.4%的残余椭圆率,且椭圆率沿管道轴向不一致;2017年,韩鹏等[14]研究了在管道铺设过程中,张紧器的张紧力和压块角度对管道椭圆损伤的影响,基于有限元方法求解了管道的残余椭圆损伤分布;2018年,Liang等[15-16]基于有限元分析方法建立了精细的“托辊箱-管道”三维分析模型,研究了管道和托辊箱在复杂接触作用面上的塑性变形行为,指出托辊刚度、托辊高度和顶张力是影响托辊反力和管道残余椭圆损伤的重要参数,计算了铺设作业引起的管道塑性变形和椭圆缺陷。
为了考虑实际工程中管道初始椭圆缺陷沿轴向非均匀、非一致分布的特点,本文基于数值仿真方法对轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳问题进行研究。利用改进的RIKS方法求解轴向含均匀椭圆缺陷管道、轴向含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道和轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力,并与DNV-OS-F101计算结果进行对比,进一步重点研究影响轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道屈曲失稳的参数。研究结果可为含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳分析和工程应用提供参考。
在DNV-OS-F101规范中,管道的初始椭圆缺陷可以用椭圆度表示,由含椭圆缺陷截面的最大外径与最小外径确定,如公式(1)所示。椭圆半长轴及半短轴如图1所示,其长度可由公式(2)~(3)确定。
式中,D为圆管外径,Dmax为椭圆缺陷段最大外径,Dmin为最小外径,f0为椭圆缺陷段椭圆度,R1为椭圆半长轴长,R2为椭圆半短轴长。
在DNV-OS-F101规范中,考虑初始椭圆度的海底管道的屈曲压力由公式(4)~(7)进行计算。式中,t为壁厚;PelPpf为辅助计算参数;E为弹性模量;ν为泊松比;σ0为管道材料的屈服强度;αfab为管道的制造系数,取0.93。
将含椭圆缺陷的管道椭圆度分别设定为1%、2%、3%、4%及5%,代入上述公式,计算含椭圆变形缺陷管道的屈曲压力如表1所示。
下面将基于ABAQUS软件进行海底管道屈曲失稳的数值分析。先建立管道的有限元模型,其中管道全长L=12 m,外径D=0.325 m,壁厚t=0.01 m。考虑到在海水外压作用下,管道的屈曲失稳具有对称性,且为了减小计算量,本文建立的有限元模型为管道的1/4模型。模型选用三维8节点线性非协调实体单元(C3D8I),以克服剪切自锁效应,在单元扭曲较小的情况下,得到更加精确的位移应力结果。为保证计算的收敛性以及有限元分析结果的准确性,采用为边布种的方式进行网格划分,沿圆周方向分为40等份,沿轴向分为500等份,共创建40 000个分析单元,有限元模型网格划分示意图如图2所示。
为考虑管道材料的非线性特征,采用Romberg-Osgood方程建立管道材料的本构关系,其表达式为
式中,ε是材料应变;σ是材料应力;E为弹性模量;σs是屈服强度;AB是描述材料塑性应变的硬化参数,A =1.29,B =25.58。管道的材料参数如表2所示,非线性应力应变曲线如图3所示。
在管道外表面施加均匀外压,基于改进的RIKS分析方法求解管道的屈曲压力。RIKS方法属于双重目标控制方法,在求解过程中同时控制荷载因子和位移增量的步长,对每个弧长步都进行多次迭代,因此在计算过程中将有一个有限的收敛半径,该方法能够很好地解决结构屈曲及失稳问题。在RIKS方法中,加载过程按比例进行假设,即所有的载荷大小同时随某个标量参数变化;同时假设响应是光滑的,即不发生突然的分叉。RIKS方法的屈曲载荷计算公式为
式中,P0为定常预加载荷,在整个分析过程中保持不变;Pref为给定参考载荷压力;λ为荷载比例系数;Ptotal为RIKS求解的结果。
RIKS方法将屈曲失稳过程的解看作是节点变量和加载参数所定义空间的一个平衡路径,而其最基本的算法是Newton-Raphson迭代法,如图4所示。符号的下标i表示第i个荷载步,上标j表示第i个荷载步的第j次迭代。若荷载增量,则迭代路径为一条平行于x轴的直线。分析中沿平衡路径增量的大小即为沿切线方向到当前求解点所移动的距离,而该距离的大小是由与收敛速度相关的自动增量算法所决定的,在计算过程中,需要在通过求解点并且垂直于切线的平面内寻找载荷-位移空间中的平衡点。
管道在外压作用下发生变形,直至屈曲失稳,此时管道所受压力即为屈曲压力。管道发生屈曲失稳后,沿轴向上下侧向内凹陷,同时左、右侧向外凸出,呈倒8字形,如图5所示。
管道外压随弧长变化曲线如图6所示。已知荷载比例系数(LPF)可由管道所受实际载荷与模型设置载荷的比值确定,在分析过程中,对各管道模型施加同一大小的载荷,故将LPF值与模型设置载荷相乘即可得到管道外压。由图6可知,随着弧长的增加,管道外压迅速增大直到最高点;达到最高点后,弧长继续增加,压力又迅速下降并趋于稳定;曲线中最高点处所对应的压力值,即为管道处于临界压溃状态时的屈曲压力。
所谓轴向含均匀椭圆缺陷管道,是指椭圆度沿管道轴向任意截面均相等的管道,管道几何模型如图7所示。为研究均匀椭圆缺陷对管道屈曲压力的影响,共建立椭圆度大小分别为1%、2%、3%、4%及5%的5种含均匀椭圆缺陷管道模型。表3是含均匀椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力。管道的屈曲压力随椭圆缺陷的增大而逐渐减小,说明管道抵抗外界压力、保持自身稳定的能力逐渐减弱。
所谓轴向含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道,是指椭圆缺陷只发生在管道的某一局部区域,而管道的其余部分保持完好,为圆形管道。在进行有限元分析时,为避免管道在圆形段及椭圆缺陷段产生应力集中,在两者之间设置变形过渡段。椭圆缺陷段长度设置为1 m,在1 m范围内管道椭圆度均保持不变;变形过渡段是连接圆形段与椭圆缺陷段的不均匀部分,其椭圆度沿管道轴向分布不均匀,大小介于0与椭圆段最大椭圆度之间,变形过渡段长度设置为0.5 m。轴向含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道几何模型如图8所示。含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力计算结果如表4所示。
所谓轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道,是指椭圆缺陷沿管道轴向非均匀分布,间断地分布在管道轴向的不同位置,而其余部分仍保持完好。该类管道同样由圆形段、椭圆缺陷段以及介于两者间的变形过渡段组成,具体的长度设置与轴向含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道一致。轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道模型如图9所示,在管道长度方向上共设置3处椭圆缺陷(含过渡段),其余部分均为未损伤的圆形段。椭圆段和圆形段沿管道轴向的分布如图9所示。
在管道上建立3处大小相等的椭圆缺陷,缺陷大小分别为1%、2%、3%、4%及5%,求解在外压作用下轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力,并与含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道、含均匀椭圆缺陷管道以及DNV规范的屈曲压力进行对比,计算结果如表5所示。并绘制管道屈曲压力随椭圆度的变化曲线,如图10所示。对于相同的椭圆度,含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力最大,含均匀椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力最小,含多处椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力和DNV规范的计算值介于中间。在实际工程项目中,考虑到制造、铺设、运行期间的损伤,现有的研究结果表明,含多处椭圆缺陷管道模型相对接近实际工程情况。因此,在进行轴向含非一致椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力分析时,使用含均匀椭圆缺陷管道模型会过于保守,而使用含单一局部缺陷管道模型会偏于危险。DNV规范的计算结果最接近轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力,且略微偏于保守,具有一定的安全裕度。
在管道上建立3处大小不等的椭圆缺陷,其中左侧缺陷大小保持为1%,最大椭圆缺陷保持为5%,位于中间位置,右侧椭圆缺陷分别为1%、2%、3%和4%。在管道外侧施加均匀外压,研究管道的屈曲压力,计算结果如表6所示。结果显示,在轴向含多处椭圆缺陷的情况下,管道的屈曲压力主要与最大椭圆度有关。
为探究椭圆缺陷间距对管道屈曲压力的影响,建立三处分别含有3%、3%和3%椭圆缺陷的管道模型,求解管道的屈曲压力,并逐步缩小椭圆缺陷间距直至0.01 m,计算管道的屈曲压力并进行对比,计算结果如表7所示。结果显示,随着椭圆缺陷间距的逐步减小,管道的屈曲压力逐步降低,最大降低15.86%。
针对沿轴向椭圆缺陷大小不同的情况,建立三处分别含有1%、5%和1%椭圆度的管道模型,求解管道的屈曲压力,并逐步缩小椭圆缺陷间距直至0.01 m,计算管道的屈曲压力并进行对比,计算结果如表8所示。结果显示,随着椭圆缺陷间距的逐步减小,管道的屈曲压力逐步降低,屈曲压力最大下降2.92%,降幅比相同大小椭圆缺陷的工况明显减小。这主要是因为1%、5%和1%椭圆缺陷组合模型中,管道的屈曲压力主要取决于管道的最大椭圆度,即5%,即使1%椭圆缺陷与5%椭圆缺陷的间距逐步减小,管道屈曲压力也不发生明显变化。
椭圆缺陷长度是影响管道屈曲压力的重要因素之一。为探究椭圆缺陷长度对管道屈曲压力的影响,建立缺陷间距为1 m、三处分别含有3%、3%和3%椭圆缺陷的管道模型,求解管道的屈曲压力。保持椭圆缺陷间距和三处椭圆度大小不变,以0.2 m为间隔逐步增大椭圆缺陷长度直至2 m,计算管道的屈曲压力并进行对比,计算结果如表9所示。结果显示,随着椭圆缺陷长度的增大,管道的屈曲压力逐步降低,当椭圆缺陷的长度增大至2 m时,相对于椭圆缺陷为0.2 m的情况,管道屈曲压力降低22.07%。
建立轴向含三处椭圆缺陷大小不同的管道模型,进行屈曲失稳分析,分析参数如表10所示。四种工况的最大椭圆度分别为2%、3%、4%以及5%,但是最大椭圆度的位置不同,分别位于管道左侧或者中间。计算结果显示,管道的屈曲压力与椭圆缺陷的位置无关,主要与三处椭圆缺陷的分布间距和大小有关。而且,管道的屈曲失稳初始激发位置总处于最大椭圆缺陷位置,且屈曲发生后开始沿轴向传播,如图11所示。
本文基于数值仿真方法研究了轴向含均匀椭圆缺陷管道、轴向含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道和轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力,并分析了轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力的影响参数,得到如下结论:
(1)含不同椭圆缺陷管道模型的屈曲压力差异明显,其大小顺序为:含均匀椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力<DNV规范理论解<含多处椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力<含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道屈曲压力。将轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道简化为含均匀椭圆缺陷管道分析时过于保守;简化为含单一局部椭圆缺陷管道时则偏于危险。
(2)轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲压力受到“椭圆缺陷大小”、“椭圆缺陷间距”和“椭圆缺陷长度”的组合作用。当管道各处椭圆缺陷大小相等时,屈曲压力随着椭圆缺陷间距的缩小急剧下降,最高达到15.86%;屈曲压力随着椭圆缺陷长度的增加逐步降低;当管道各处椭圆缺陷大小不相等时,屈曲压力主要由最大椭圆缺陷决定,屈曲压力随着椭圆缺陷间距的缩小而小幅下降。
(3)对于轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳,屈曲的初始激发位置为最大椭圆缺陷处,后屈曲模态主要表现为8字型,并沿轴向传播。
本文主要分析了轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲失稳过程,对于轴向含多处椭圆缺陷管道的屈曲传播过程和关键问题,有待于在后续工作中开展进一步研究。
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费项目(18LGPY24)
  • 工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室开放基金项目(GZ18120)
  • 广东省促进经济高质量发展专项资金海洋经济发展项目(GDOE2019A19; GDOE2020028)
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2024年第28卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.05.012
  • 接收时间:2023-11-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-19
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中央高校基本科研业务费项目(18LGPY24)
工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室开放基金项目(GZ18120)
广东省促进经济高质量发展专项资金海洋经济发展项目(GDOE2019A19; GDOE2020028)
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    1.中山大学 海洋工程与技术学院,广东 珠海 519082
    2.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东 珠海 519082

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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