Article(id=1242150810713403909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150809505444351, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.05.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700409600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774081431319, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1716134400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774081431319, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774081431319, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081431319, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242150809505444351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='5', pageStart='637', pageEnd='802', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774081431031, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081700138, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242151938268143729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150809505444351, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242151938272338034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150809505444351, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=651, endPage=662, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242150810944090630, articleId=1242150810713403909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Numerical study of mean drift force on a flexible floating body, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the discrete module methodology, this paper proposes a numerical method to estimate the mean drift forces on flexible floating bodies. The continuous structure was first discretized into rigid modules connected by elastic beams. The first-order hydroelastic responses were solved by coupling the hydrodynamics on modules and the structural stiffness of elastic beams in the frequency domain. Based on the first-order motions of the modules, the second-order mean drift forces on each rigid module were calculated by second-order multi-body hydrodynamic theory. The motions and mean drift forces of a freely floating flexible barge using the proposed method were verified against the results obtained by the 3D hydroelastic theory based on modal superposition. Moreover, due to the discrete property of the present method for hydrodynamics, the method can be directly extended to inhomogeneous wave conditions.

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本文基于离散模块思想,提出一种求解弹性浮体二阶平均漂移力的数值方法。首先将连续弹性浮体离散为弹性梁连接的刚性模块系统,实现弹性梁刚度和各模块水动力信息的耦合,在频域内求解浮体一阶水弹性响应。然后利用二阶多体水动力理论,并考虑计及结构弹性变形影响后的各模块一阶运动信息,获得各刚性模块上的二阶平均漂移力。最后,利用该方法求解自由柔性驳船的平均漂移力,并与基于模态叠加思想的三维水弹性理论的计算结果进行对比验证。此外,由于本文方法在水动力求解方面的离散特性,该方法可直接拓展到非均匀波浪场下浮体的水弹性响应分析。

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李帅(1995-),男,博士

付世晓(1976-),男,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

张仕元(1994-),男,博士研究生。

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Main parameters of the numerical model

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名称数值名称数值
总长L/m200排水量M/kg1.64E7
单刚性模块长度lm/m25垂向弯曲刚度EIy/(N・m21.68E11
型宽B/m16水平弯曲刚度EIz/(N・m28.40E11
型深D/m10扭转刚度GJx/(N・m21.94E11
吃水d/m5水深H/m500
重心距基线垂向距离KG/m5
), ArticleFig(id=1242150827461259340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150810713403909, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

数值模型的主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称数值名称数值
总长L/m200排水量M/kg1.64E7
单刚性模块长度lm/m25垂向弯曲刚度EIy/(N・m21.68E11
型宽B/m16水平弯曲刚度EIz/(N・m28.40E11
型深D/m10扭转刚度GJx/(N・m21.94E11
吃水d/m5水深H/m500
重心距基线垂向距离KG/m5
), ArticleFig(id=1242150827561922637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150810713403909, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Natural frequencies of the numerical model in dry and wet conditions for the first 14 modes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态序号干模态对应的固有频率/Hz湿模态对应的固有频率/Hz模态形状
100纵荡
200横荡
300首摇
400.102横摇
500.151纵摇
600.152垂荡
70.1270.176两节点垂向弯曲
80.2850.276两节点水平弯曲
90.3510.276三节点垂向弯曲
100.6890.470四节点垂向弯曲
110.7060.606一节点扭转
120.7850.716三节点水平弯曲
131.1380.748五节点垂向弯曲
141.4121.099两节点扭转
), ArticleFig(id=1242150827670974546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150810713403909, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

数值模型前14阶干模态和湿模态对应的固有频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态序号干模态对应的固有频率/Hz湿模态对应的固有频率/Hz模态形状
100纵荡
200横荡
300首摇
400.102横摇
500.151纵摇
600.152垂荡
70.1270.176两节点垂向弯曲
80.2850.276两节点水平弯曲
90.3510.276三节点垂向弯曲
100.6890.470四节点垂向弯曲
110.7060.606一节点扭转
120.7850.716三节点水平弯曲
131.1380.748五节点垂向弯曲
141.4121.099两节点扭转
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弹性浮体的二阶平均漂移力研究
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李帅 1, 2 , 付世晓 1, 2 , 张仕元 1, 2
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024,28(5): 651-662
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024, 28(5): 651-662
弹性浮体的二阶平均漂移力研究
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李帅1, 2, 付世晓1, 2 , 张仕元1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
  • 2.高新船舶与深海开发装备协同创新中心,上海 200240
  • 李帅(1995-),男,博士

    付世晓(1976-),男,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

    张仕元(1994-),男,博士研究生。

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Numerical study of mean drift force on a flexible floating body
Shuai LI1, 2, Shi-xiao FU1, 2 , Shi-yuan ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • 2.Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai 200240, China
出版时间: 2024-05-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.05.002
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本文基于离散模块思想,提出一种求解弹性浮体二阶平均漂移力的数值方法。首先将连续弹性浮体离散为弹性梁连接的刚性模块系统,实现弹性梁刚度和各模块水动力信息的耦合,在频域内求解浮体一阶水弹性响应。然后利用二阶多体水动力理论,并考虑计及结构弹性变形影响后的各模块一阶运动信息,获得各刚性模块上的二阶平均漂移力。最后,利用该方法求解自由柔性驳船的平均漂移力,并与基于模态叠加思想的三维水弹性理论的计算结果进行对比验证。此外,由于本文方法在水动力求解方面的离散特性,该方法可直接拓展到非均匀波浪场下浮体的水弹性响应分析。

水弹性  /  离散模块  /  平均漂移力  /  频域

Based on the discrete module methodology, this paper proposes a numerical method to estimate the mean drift forces on flexible floating bodies. The continuous structure was first discretized into rigid modules connected by elastic beams. The first-order hydroelastic responses were solved by coupling the hydrodynamics on modules and the structural stiffness of elastic beams in the frequency domain. Based on the first-order motions of the modules, the second-order mean drift forces on each rigid module were calculated by second-order multi-body hydrodynamic theory. The motions and mean drift forces of a freely floating flexible barge using the proposed method were verified against the results obtained by the 3D hydroelastic theory based on modal superposition. Moreover, due to the discrete property of the present method for hydrodynamics, the method can be directly extended to inhomogeneous wave conditions.

hydroelasticity  /  discrete module  /  mean drift force  /  frequency domain
李帅, 付世晓, 张仕元. 弹性浮体的二阶平均漂移力研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (5) : 651 -662 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.05.002
Shuai LI, Shi-xiao FU, Shi-yuan ZHANG. Numerical study of mean drift force on a flexible floating body[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (5) : 651 -662 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.05.002
随着船舶和海洋结构物尺度的增加,结构变得更柔,波浪作用下的弹性变形不可忽略,必须利用水弹性理论求解其在波浪作用下的动力响应。水弹性理论自1970年提出以来,从二维线性[1]到三维线性[2],从二维非线性[3]到三维非线性[4],已经被广泛地应用于船舶和超大型浮体(VLFS)等海洋结构物的水弹性响应分析和结构设计[5]。长期以来,水弹性理论相关的研究,主要集中在波浪作用下结构的总体水弹性响应和局部应力分析,针对弹性结构二阶平均漂移力的研究较少。
针对浅吃水的超柔性VLFS,日本学者[6-9]基于薄板弯曲理论,提出了系列方法对浮体的二阶平均漂移力开展了深入讨论,研究发现浮体的弹性变形会降低平均漂移力。然而,这些方法均假设VLFS的刚体运动可忽略,只考虑垂向弹性变形的影响,无法推广到任意浮体的二阶波浪力求解。Wu等[4]最早考虑刚体转动的二次项和浮体瞬时湿表面变化对二阶波浪力的影响,提出了可适用于任意浮体的三维非线性水弹性理论;在该理论基础上,Chen等[10]对一系泊浮体的水弹性响应进行预报,其研究主要关注于二阶力引起的浮体运动响应,没有讨论弹性变形对平均漂移力的影响;Heo等[11]基于模态叠加思想,采用Rankine源在时域内求解了浮体的平均漂移力,结果显示由于弹性变形的影响,浮体的平均漂移力向高频移动;Park等[12]将时域三维Rankine源和三维有限元相结合,提出了一种浮体水弹性响应计算的直接时域求解算法,并采用近场法和远场法获得了弹性体的平均漂移力。
上述对于弹性体二阶波浪力的研究可分为直接法和模态叠加法。近年来,Lu等[13]提出了一种基于离散模块思想的水弹性分析方法,在频域内求解了一均匀薄板的弹性变形和弯矩;位巍等[14]在模态空间内,建立了该方法和传统三维线性水弹性理论的联系,并系统地验证了该方法和三维水弹性理论在广义激励力、广义水动力系数以及主坐标响应等方面求解的正确性;Zhang等[15]结合卡明斯理论,利用该方法分析了波浪和移动载荷联合作用下浮体的水弹性响应;Wei等[16-17]通过将非均匀波浪场离散为系列均匀波浪场的手段,实现了非均匀波浪场下浮体的频域和时域水弹性响应分析,不同于上述均匀板模型的水弹性响应研究,该方法在悬浮隧道[18]、风机[19]、浮桥[20-21]和波浪能发电装置[22]等其他类型的海洋结构物上也呈现出良好的适用性,然而上述关于该方法的发展和应用都集中于一阶波浪力作用下的浮体水弹性响应分析。
本文基于离散模块思想,建立一种求解弹性浮体二阶平均漂移力的数值方法。在本方法中,连续浮体将首先被离散为弹性梁连接的刚性模块系统,实现结构刚度和各模块一阶水动力载荷的耦合,建立一阶频域水弹性方程并求解浮体水弹性响应。然后,提取各刚性模块重心处的运动,基于多体水动力理论获得考虑结构弹性变形后各模块的二阶平均漂移力。为验证该方法,本文以一个柔性箱型驳船为数值模型,求解不同浪向下浮体的一阶水弹性响应和二阶平均漂移力,并与基于模态叠加思想的三维水弹性理论得到的结果进行对比,两者吻合良好。通过对浮体弹性变形和刚体运动对平均漂移力影响的讨论分析,发现在弹性变形的作用下,浮体的平均漂移力峰值向小波长区间集中。此外,由于该方法在浮体水动力方面可离散求解的特性,本文方法可进一步拓展到非均匀波浪场下的弹性浮体二阶水弹性响应分析。
图1所示为基于离散模块思想的弹性体二阶平均漂移力的求解过程。在本方法中,连续浮体将首先被离散为弹性梁连接的多模块刚性系统。然后,基于三维势流理论并计及模块之间的水动力干扰,获得各模块的一阶波浪激励力、附加质量和阻尼系数等水动力系数信息;同时,浮体变形的连续性通过在各模块重心设定与浮体刚度等效的弹性梁系统来保证。进而,依据牛顿第二定律实现各模块水动力和弹性梁的耦合,建立浮体在波浪作用下的一阶频域动力学方程[14]
式中,[M]、[A]、[C]和[K]分别为刚性模块的质量矩阵、附加质量矩阵、水动力阻尼系数矩阵和静水恢复系数矩阵;[c]和[k]分别为弹性梁的结构阻尼矩阵和刚度矩阵;{u(1)}和{F(1)}分别为弹性梁节点位移列阵和一阶波浪激励力列阵。
然后,求解方程(1)得到浮体的一阶水弹性响应,并提取各刚性模块重心处的运动信息。在弹性梁连接的刚性多模块系统中,模块运动由整个系统的刚体运动和弹性变形两部分组成。进而,结合各模块的一阶规范化辐射势,获得由于模块运动引起的一阶辐射势。进一步考虑流场的一阶入射势和绕射势,得到计及结构弹性影响后整个流场的一阶速度势。最后,利用二阶多体水动力理论,求解各刚性模块的平均漂移力。本文以细长体模型作为数值模型,只需将浮体在长度方向进行离散,在宽度方向当作刚性处理。
本文将连续弹性浮体视为由弹性梁连接的多浮体系统,为描述该多浮体系统在波浪作用下的运动响应,采用三个右手坐标系,分别为大地坐标系OXYZ、参考坐标系和随体坐标系omxmymzmm = 1,2,...,M),如图2所示。其中,大地坐标系OXYZ在空间固定,OXY平面位于静水面,Z轴竖直向上;参考坐标系始终位于浮体的平衡位置,不随浮体摇荡;随体坐标系omxmymzm随各浮体一起运动,其初始位置与大地坐标系OXYZ的坐标轴平行。本文规定波浪入射方向与X轴平行并指向X轴正方向时,θ=0°,且逆时针方向为正。
本文采用基于刚体假设的多体水动力理论计算二阶波浪力。关于刚性浮体二阶波浪力的求解主要有三种方法:近场法[23]、中场法[24]和远场法[25]。本文将采用近场法和远场法求解浮体的平均漂移力。
近场法由Pinkster[23]提出,又称之为直接压力积分法,其基本思想是首先利用Bernoulli方程获得浮体湿表面上的压强,并精确到二阶分量,然后在浮体瞬时湿表面上积分,得到作用在浮体上的力和力矩表达式,其中二阶部分即为作用在浮体上的二阶波浪力。基于该方法可以获得单浮体或者多浮体系统中各个浮体的六自由度二阶力(力矩)分量。其中,近场法求解的浮体二阶波浪力分量表达式[26]如下:
式中,ρg分别为流体密度和重力加速度;为相对波面升高,即浮体平均湿表面的水线WL在运动时和波面的距离;n(0)n3为浮体物面上某一点在随体坐标系omxmymzm下的法向矢量和z方向的分量;为浮体的一阶角位移矢量;f(1)为浮体的一阶水动力矢量,包括一阶波浪激励力和因一阶运动引起的辐射力以及静水恢复力;x(0)分别为浮体物面上某一点在随体坐标系omxmymzm下的坐标矢量和z方向的坐标分量;X(1)分别为大地坐标系OXYZ下浮体物面上某一点的一阶位移矢量和二阶位移矢量Z方向的坐标分量。N(2)为大地坐标系OXYZ下浮体物面的二阶法向矢量;Φ(1)为流场的一阶速度势,是一阶入射波速度势、一阶绕射势与一阶辐射势之和。对于多体系统,表达式为
式中,表示单位规则波作用下浮体mthjth阶自由度的一阶运动复数幅值,为刚体运动和弹性变形之和;是当其他浮体固定不动,浮体mthjth阶自由度作单位速度运动时产生的空间速度势,称为规范化速度势。
式(2)中没有二阶速度势Φ(2)项,因为中没有定常项,对于平均漂移力无贡献。
远场法的基本思想是在由物体表面S0、自由液面SF、半径无限大的垂直圆柱面S和在S之内的海底面Sd围成的封闭流域内,利用动量守恒方程,求解浮体的平均漂移力,故又称之为动量守恒法。Newman[25]推导的三维浮体的三个水平自由度的二阶平均漂移力的公式如下:
式中,右边的积分项在柱坐标系(RθZ)中表示,p为垂直圆柱面S上的压强,可根据完整的Bernoulli方程计算:
VR表示流体质点在垂直圆柱面S上的径向速度,即法向速度;Vθ表示流体质点在垂直圆柱面S上的切向速度,可根据流场的一阶速度势求解。
从公式(4)可以看出,远场法需要选取无限远处的控制面,故只能输出单浮体或者多浮体系统总的平均漂移力。此外,由于远场法只与无限远处圆柱面上的速度和压强相关,因此弹性体和刚性体的平均漂移力远场法积分公式相同。
本文选取一个质量均匀分布的箱型驳船作为数值研究对象,模型长200 m、宽16 m、吃水5 m,不考虑结构阻尼,详细信息参见表1。此外,为降低横摇共振的影响,本文在浮体横摇自由度设定了无量纲阻尼比为5%的线性阻尼[12]。为讨论弹性变形对二阶平均漂移力的影响,本文所考虑的驳船模型刚度相对较低,其中前8阶弹性模态(第7~14阶模态)的固有频率信息见表2图3为模型示意图,浮体被离散为由弹性梁连接的8个刚性模块,图中“M1~M8”表示模块编号。模型的水动力网格信息如图4所示,总网格数为5376。为保证结果的可比性,连续浮体和弹性梁连接的多浮体系统采用相同的水动力网格离散方式。
由于浮体的平均漂移力和一阶运动直接相关,因此本节首先验证浮体一阶水弹性响应求解的正确性。图5给出了在0°、45°和90°浪向下,分别采用本文方法和三维水弹性理论得到的垂向位移(Z轴)和水平位移(Y轴)沿浮体长度分布的对比结果图。图中“3D Hydroelasticity”表示三维水弹性理论计算的结果。从图中可看出,在不同浪向和波长下两种数值方法计算的结果吻合良好。在0°和45°浪向下,浮体的弹性变形显著;而在90°浪向下,当波长与船长之比(λ/L)为0.5时,浮体也发生了较小的水平弯曲。文中三维水弹性理论的结果采用商业软件WAMIT中广义模态水动力求解功能计算。
基于本文方法求解的浮体位移信息,可进一步采用模态叠加的逆向分析手段[14]获得浮体各阶模态对应的主坐标响应。图6图7分别给出了浮体垂向和水平运动相关模态的主坐标响应幅值随波长的分布结果。其中,横摇运动模态对应的结果也被包含在图7中。在本文计算的波长区间内,浮体的第十一阶模态(一节点扭转)、第十三阶模态(五节点垂向弯曲)和第十四阶模态(两节点扭转)的贡献很低,故没有在图6图7中给出。为保证结果可比性,刚体运动和弹性变形模态均采用最大幅值归一振型。从图中可以看出,两种方法获得的结果吻合良好。由于本文分析的模型相对“较柔”,在0°和45°浪向下弹性模态和刚体运动模态的主坐标响应幅值处于同一量级。在90°浪向下,浮体的水平弹性变形相较于刚体运动可以忽略,而在小波长(λ/L<0.4)情况下,浮体的第七阶模态(两节点垂向弯曲)被激发。
由于弹性体和刚性体的远场法积分公式一致,因此可以用WAMIT实现弹性体的二阶平均漂移力求解。图8分别给出了0°、45°和90°浪向下,基于本文方法的远场法和近场法计算的弹性体平均漂移力,以及三维水弹性理论的结果。从图中可以看出三者结果基本一致,证明基于离散模块思想的水弹性分析方法可用于弹性体的二阶平均漂移力求解。此外,由于近场法和远场法两者数值积分公式的差异,90°浪向下在浮体横摇共振频率附近,近场和远场法两种计算结果也出现了一定的偏差。
为讨论弹性变形对平均漂移力的影响,图8还给出了刚性体的平均漂移力。从图中可看出,0°浪向下,计及弹性变形影响后的浮体平均漂移力明显降低;45°浪向下,当波长与船长之比(λ/L)小于0.3时,相较于刚性体,弹性体的纵荡自由度平均漂移力增大,而横荡自由度的平均漂移力降低;90°浪向下,弹性体和刚性体的平均漂移力无明显差异。上述现象与Heo等[11]和Park等[12]的研究结论基本一致。
为进一步讨论弹性变形的贡献,下面将刚体运动和弹性变形对浮体二阶平均漂移力的贡献分别进行求解,如图9所示。图中,Mode 1-n”表示弹性浮体的平均漂移力,“Mode 1-6”和“Mode 7-n”分别表示把浮体运动分解为纯刚体运动和纯弹性变形后求解的平均漂移力。其中,由于平均漂移力的非线性特性,弹性体的平均漂移力不是纯刚体运动贡献和纯弹性变形贡献的直接叠加,还需包含刚体运动和弹性变形两者的耦合影响。
从图中可以看出,在0°和45°浪向下,弹性变形对纵荡自由度的二阶平均漂移力的影响较大,平均漂移力随波长的变化呈现出明显的峰谷交替特征,而对横荡自由度的平均漂移力影响较小。此外,在波长与船长之比(λ/L)大于1时,纯刚体运动下的平均漂移力较快地衰减为零,而纯弹性变形的平均漂移力结果则随波长的增加而收敛缓慢。在90°浪向下,由于弹性变形较小,弹性体的结果和只考虑刚体运动获得的平均漂移力基本重合,而自由浮体的纯弹性变形引起的平均漂移力和浮体固定时的结果基本吻合。
由于本文方法在浮体水动力求解上的离散特性,可分别获得浮体上不同位置处刚性模块的二阶平均漂移力幅值,结果见图10。如图10(a)和(b)所示,在0°和45°浪向下,由于模块的遮蔽效应,在小波长情况下(λ/L<0.6),位于远离波浪入射端模块(模块8)的平均漂移力明显小于靠近波浪入射端模块(模块1)的平均漂移力;浮体中部模块(模块2和模块4)的平均漂移力随着波长逐渐减小而趋于零;浮体端部模块(模块1和模块8)的平均漂移力随波长的增加逐渐平稳并趋于定值。在90°浪向下,波浪从浮体横向入射,没有模块遮蔽效应的影响,作用于各模块的平均漂移力差异不大。但在波长与船长之比(λL)小于0.4时,由于浮体发生了一定的弹性变形,导致位于浮体中间位置模块的平均漂移力比位于两端模块的平均漂移力稍大。
本文基于离散模块思想,提出了一种弹性浮体的二阶平均漂移力分析方法。采用提出的方法对一柔性箱型驳船的二阶平均漂移力进行了研究,并与基于模态叠加思想的三维水弹性理论得到的结果进行了对比验证,两者吻合良好,证明了本文提出方法的正确性和可靠性。此外,本文方法还可独立得到各个模块的平均漂移力信息,为非均匀海洋环境下弹性结构的非线性水弹性响应分析奠定了基础。
  • 国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(52088102)
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2024年第28卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.05.002
  • 接收时间:2023-11-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-20
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国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(52088102)
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    1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
    2.高新船舶与深海开发装备协同创新中心,上海 200240

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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