Article(id=1242150717302059769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150711367119505, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.04.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1698422400000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774081409048, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1713542400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774081409048, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774081409048, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081409048, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242150711367119505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='4', pageStart='479', pageEnd='636', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774081407634, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081679149, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242151850229702738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150711367119505, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242151850229702739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150711367119505, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=571, endPage=581, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242150718455493426, articleId=1242150717302059769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Low temperature master S-N curve of high strength steel welded structure based on equivalent structural stress method, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The existing fatigue S-N curves are no longer applicable to the low-temperature environment in the Arctic regions. In order to evaluate the low-temperature fatigue life of Arctic offshore engineering equipment, it is necessary to establish the low-temperature fatigue S-N curves of metal structures, especially welded structures. In this paper, based on the equivalent structural stress method, the master S-N curve of the girth weld of Q690 high strength steel pipes was calculated, and the method was verified by resonance fatigue test. On this basis, combined with a large number of test results of high-strength steel welded structures, the temperature sensitive factor c was introduced into the derivation of the low-temperature fatigue master S-N curve. The master S-N curve based on low-temperature metal welded structures was established for the first time, and the fatigue S-N test data in the literature and the correction method in ASME were compared and verified. The results show that the equivalent structural stress method can accurately calculate the weld fatigue S-N curve, and the derived low-temperature main S-N curve of metal welded structures is in good agreement with the test curve, which can meet the engineering requirements in low-temperature areas, and provide theoretical guidance for the wide application of high-strength steel welded structures in low-temperature environments in the Arctic regions. This method can save a lot of costs for the low temperature fatigue research of metal welded structures and reduce unnecessary errors caused by non-standard test operations. This research is of great significance to the design, safe operation and fatigue assessment of Arctic offshore engineering equipment.

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现有的疲劳S-N曲线已不再适用于北极的低温环境,为了评估北极海洋工程设备材料的低温疲劳寿命,有必要建立金属结构尤其是焊接结构的低温疲劳S-N曲线。本文基于等效结构应力法,计算出Q690高强钢管环焊缝的主S-N曲线,并通过共振疲劳试验对该方法进行了验证。在此基础上,结合大量的高强钢焊接结构试验结果,将温度敏感因子c引入到低温疲劳主S-N曲线的推导中,首次建立了基于低温金属焊接结构的主S-N曲线,并对文献中的疲劳S-N试验数据和ASME中的修正方法进行了对比和验证。结果表明,等效结构应力法能够较准确地计算出焊缝疲劳S-N曲线,推导出的金属焊接结构低温主S-N曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,能够满足低温地区工程要求,可为高强钢焊接结构在北极地区低温环境中的广泛应用提供理论指导。该方法可以为金属焊接结构的低温疲劳研究节省大量的成本,减少非标准试验操作造成的不必要的误差。这对北极海洋工程设备的设计、安全运行和疲劳评估具有重要意义。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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高杰(1990-)男,博士研究生。

鞠晓臣(1982-)男,博士,副研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:

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Master S-N curve parameters

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统计依据中值+2δ-2δ+3δ-3δ
Cd19930.228626.513875.734308.111577.9
h0.3195
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主S-N曲线参数

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统计依据中值+2δ-2δ+3δ-3δ
Cd19930.228626.513875.734308.111577.9
h0.3195
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Fatigue test results

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序号脉动比平均应力幅值/MPa循环寿命次数N/次数
1-1908 707 960
2-1200954 855
3-1300326 091
4-146022 734
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疲劳试验结果

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序号脉动比平均应力幅值/MPa循环寿命次数N/次数
1-1908 707 960
2-1200954 855
3-1300326 091
4-146022 734
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基于等效结构应力法的高强钢焊接结构低温主S-N曲线
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高杰 1, 2 , 鞠晓臣 1 , 左照坤 1 , 赵欣欣 1 , 段梦兰 3
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2024,28(4): 571-581
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2024, 28(4): 571-581
基于等效结构应力法的高强钢焊接结构低温主S-N曲线
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高杰1, 2, 鞠晓臣1 , 左照坤1, 赵欣欣1, 段梦兰3
作者信息
  • 1.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 铁道建筑研究所,北京 100081
  • 2.机械工业仪器仪表综合技术经济研究所,北京 100055
  • 3.中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249
  • 高杰(1990-)男,博士研究生。

    鞠晓臣(1982-)男,博士,副研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Low temperature master S-N curve of high strength steel welded structure based on equivalent structural stress method
Jie GAO1, 2, Xiao-chen JU1 , Zhao-kun ZUO1, Xin-xin ZHAO1, Meng-lan DUAN3
Affiliations
  • 1.Railway Engineering Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Co. Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
  • 2.Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute, Beijing 100055, China
  • 3.College of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
出版时间: 2024-04-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.04.009
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现有的疲劳S-N曲线已不再适用于北极的低温环境,为了评估北极海洋工程设备材料的低温疲劳寿命,有必要建立金属结构尤其是焊接结构的低温疲劳S-N曲线。本文基于等效结构应力法,计算出Q690高强钢管环焊缝的主S-N曲线,并通过共振疲劳试验对该方法进行了验证。在此基础上,结合大量的高强钢焊接结构试验结果,将温度敏感因子c引入到低温疲劳主S-N曲线的推导中,首次建立了基于低温金属焊接结构的主S-N曲线,并对文献中的疲劳S-N试验数据和ASME中的修正方法进行了对比和验证。结果表明,等效结构应力法能够较准确地计算出焊缝疲劳S-N曲线,推导出的金属焊接结构低温主S-N曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,能够满足低温地区工程要求,可为高强钢焊接结构在北极地区低温环境中的广泛应用提供理论指导。该方法可以为金属焊接结构的低温疲劳研究节省大量的成本,减少非标准试验操作造成的不必要的误差。这对北极海洋工程设备的设计、安全运行和疲劳评估具有重要意义。

等效结构应力法  /  焊接结构  /  低温主S-N曲线  /  温度敏感系数

The existing fatigue S-N curves are no longer applicable to the low-temperature environment in the Arctic regions. In order to evaluate the low-temperature fatigue life of Arctic offshore engineering equipment, it is necessary to establish the low-temperature fatigue S-N curves of metal structures, especially welded structures. In this paper, based on the equivalent structural stress method, the master S-N curve of the girth weld of Q690 high strength steel pipes was calculated, and the method was verified by resonance fatigue test. On this basis, combined with a large number of test results of high-strength steel welded structures, the temperature sensitive factor c was introduced into the derivation of the low-temperature fatigue master S-N curve. The master S-N curve based on low-temperature metal welded structures was established for the first time, and the fatigue S-N test data in the literature and the correction method in ASME were compared and verified. The results show that the equivalent structural stress method can accurately calculate the weld fatigue S-N curve, and the derived low-temperature main S-N curve of metal welded structures is in good agreement with the test curve, which can meet the engineering requirements in low-temperature areas, and provide theoretical guidance for the wide application of high-strength steel welded structures in low-temperature environments in the Arctic regions. This method can save a lot of costs for the low temperature fatigue research of metal welded structures and reduce unnecessary errors caused by non-standard test operations. This research is of great significance to the design, safe operation and fatigue assessment of Arctic offshore engineering equipment.

equivalent structural stress method  /  welded structure  /  low-temperature master S-N curve  /  temperature sensitive factor
高杰, 鞠晓臣, 左照坤, 赵欣欣, 段梦兰. 基于等效结构应力法的高强钢焊接结构低温主S-N曲线. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (4) : 571 -581 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.04.009
Jie GAO, Xiao-chen JU, Zhao-kun ZUO, Xin-xin ZHAO, Meng-lan DUAN. Low temperature master S-N curve of high strength steel welded structure based on equivalent structural stress method[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (4) : 571 -581 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.04.009
北极地区油气资源丰富,全球变暖导致北极冰川、雪原和永久冻土融化,为北极地区的人类勘探和石油开采提供了便利[1-3]。尽管评估表明北极地区的油气资源储量相当可观,但大规模开发北极地区的油气资源存在许多技术难题。北极地区的海洋工程面临低温环境的影响,低温会改变高强钢的韧性,而海洋工程设备大部分为焊接结构,在风、浪、海流环境下,结构更容易损坏。
由于极地工程设备在低温高寒环境下服役需要的成本较高、应用较少,低温海洋工程设备的疲劳寿命评估成为最受关注的问题。现有的疲劳S-N曲线不再适用于北极地区的低温环境,需要根据低温对原有的S-N曲线进行修正。改进的低温焊接结构主S-N曲线可用于评估北极采油设备的疲劳状态。特别是对于金属结构相对脆弱的焊接接头,焊接疲劳S-N曲线与母材不同,低温环境下的疲劳S-N曲线也不相同。虽然有一些低温下的S-N曲线,但它们基本上是由试验数据拟合的曲线,没有明确的温度依赖性,而金属材料的疲劳S-N曲线和基于低温等效结构应力法的主S-N曲线,不具有普遍有效性。在低温条件下,金属焊接结构疲劳S-N曲线公式的推导和应用,对北极油气能源的开发和北极海洋工程装备的应用具有重要的指导意义。因此,研究低温条件下金属焊接结构疲劳S-N曲线对北极海洋工程装备的设计和疲劳评估具有重要意义。
本文基于等效结构应力法,结合大量的高强钢焊接结构试验结果,将温度敏感因子c引入到低温疲劳S-N曲线的推导中,首次建立基于低温金属焊接结构的主S-N曲线,在此基础上,通过共振疲劳试验得到Q690高强钢管环焊缝的疲劳主S-N曲线,根据推导出的低温金属焊接结构的主S-N曲线公式,预测Q690高强钢在试验温度附近的疲劳主S-N曲线,可为高强钢焊接结构在北极和高原地区低温环境中的广泛应用提供理论指导。由于低温疲劳试验成本较高,且对低温试验的要求更为严格,这种预测方法可以为金属材料的低温疲劳研究节省大量的成本,减少非标准试验操作造成的不必要的误差。该方法适用于北极低温环境下不同类型焊接接头结构的疲劳寿命评估,对北极油气勘探开发设备的设计和寿命评估具有重要的参考意义。
目前,在室温下焊接结构的疲劳设计主要基于标称应力或热点应力方法,具有一系列分类的焊缝S-N曲线[4-6],尽管局部应力或起始疲劳寿命方法[7-8]为焊接接头的疲劳寿命预测提供了另一种方法。
通过这种方法,DNV、ABS和CCS采用热点应力法来设计和分析海洋工程结构的疲劳。然而,在有限元计算中,由于其对焊缝不连续处单元尺寸的强烈依赖性,网格的质量对计算结果有一定的影响。董平沙[9]在断裂力学的基础上,于2001年提出了对网格尺寸不敏感的结构应力的定义,并给出了实体模型和壳单元模型的数值计算方法,证明了网格尺寸对结构应力参数的提取不敏感。基于结构应力法,Dong等[10]在2004年提出了主S-N曲线法,通过主S-N曲线法,船舶结构中的板接头、海洋结构中的管接头以及立管应用中的管接头可以集成到一条曲线中,称为主S-N曲线。
等效结构应力由结构应力提出,董平沙[9]于2001年首次提出结构应力的定义,这是他在研究焊缝疲劳开裂机理时,考虑焊接结构疲劳强度的特殊性,根据力学原理定义的应力。与表面外推得出的热点应力不同,结构应力基于自由体的切线表面法,并通过使用有限元输出节点力和弯矩直接计算[10-11]
由于焊缝位置具有高度非线性的应力分布,因此很难求解。董平沙[13]将这种高度非线性的应力分解为两部分。分解后,应力的第一部分只与外力有关,这部分与外力平衡。应力的第二部分是移除第一部分后的剩余应力。虽然它包含非线性部分,但由于第一部分已与外力平衡,这部分应力的分布必须处于自平衡状态。图1显示了两部分应力的分解示意图。
图1(a)显示了沿焊缝厚度的应力分布,代表了实际应力分布状态;图1(b)表示分解为第一部分并与外力平衡的结构应力;图1(c)表示分解为第二部分的自平衡应力。
由于结构应力与外力平衡,因此结构应力是薄膜应力和弯曲应力的总和[10]
式中,σs为结构应力,σm为膜应力,σb为弯曲应力。
在董平沙的文献[10]中,已详细验证了结构应力法的网格不敏感性。
等效结构应力由结构应力导出。由董平沙的等效结构应力法导出的主S-N曲线法对海洋结构物的疲劳寿命评估具有重要意义。
等效结构应力(ΔSs)计算公式[12]如下:
式中,Δσs是结构应力变化范围;t为板厚;m=3.6,为裂纹扩展指数;Ir)是荷载弯曲比r的无量纲函数[12],可从文献[13]中获得。
式中,σmσb的含义与式(1)中的相同。
经过大量疲劳试验数据修正后,数据拟合修正后的计算公式[10]如下:
式中,Cdh为试验常数,数值如表1所示。
Q690高强钢管环焊缝是在海洋工程中最常见的焊接结构。本文通过共振疲劳试验和等效结构应力法分别对该焊接结构疲劳S-N曲线进行了测试,并对结果进行了对比。
疲劳试验采用Q690高强钢管,规格为:Φ180 mm×70 mm×10 000 mm,焊接材料采用Φ1.2 mm的JM-58实心焊丝和Φ2.0 mm的E81T8-G焊丝,母材的屈服强度为690 MPa。共振弯曲疲劳试验机主要由伺服电机驱动系统、中间传动轴、试样夹具等组成,通过电机提供动力,通过中间传动轴在试件端部形成一个离心力,通过调整载荷大小,使载荷频率达到或接近试件的固有频率,进而使试件达到共振效果,实现快速测试试件疲劳的效果[14]。试验机主要结构及其试验设置如图2所示。
试验主要设备及布置如图2(a)~(b)所示。其中,焊缝设置在管道最中间位置,如图2(a)所示,由于管道是上下弯曲,上部与下部是最易疲劳的位置,因此,在管道环焊缝附近的上部与下部分别安装了应变传感器(图2(c))。
通过共振疲劳试验得到了应力幅值分别为90 MPa、200 MPa、300 MPa和460 MPa时的疲劳循环次数,如表2所示。
试验结果与等效结构应力法计算得到的疲劳主S-N曲线如图3所示。图中,空心方块为试验值,黑色实线为等效结构应力法计算得到的中值S-N曲线,±2δ和±3δ分别是中值向上和向下的两个标准偏差和中值向上和向下的三个标准偏差范围。
由结果可知,试验值落在主S-N曲线±2δ范围之内,与中值S-N曲线较为接近。因此,通过等效结构应力法计算得到的结果满足实际工程的要求。
在室温下,用等效结构应力法计算金属结构焊接疲劳的方法已经比较成熟,但用等效结构应力法计算极端低温下金属疲劳S-N曲线的方法尚未研究。针对高强钢低温性能主要通过实验进行了研究,获得了不同金属材料在低温下的拉伸应力、弹性模量和屈服强度的拟合和修正公式[15-23]
大多数极地工程设备都是焊接结构。焊接结构的低温疲劳S-N曲线对结构的安全性和疲劳评估具有重要意义。同时,部分研究人员[2124-29]进行了许多低温实验,以研究低温下S-N曲线的规律。然而,它们基本上是由试验数据拟合的曲线,没有明确的温度依赖性。因此,低温条件下,焊接结构疲劳S-N曲线公式的推导和应用,对北极海洋工程装备及青藏高原铁路桥梁的应用具有重要的指导意义。
本文基于等效结构应力法,对金属焊接疲劳的主S-N曲线进行了低温修正,用于焊接结构疲劳评估。有两种主要的修正方法,一种基于ASME,另一种与第2.1节中的母材校正方法相同。
ASME[11]规定了疲劳曲线的第一种修正方法:
式中:fI为疲劳改善系数,与施工要求等因素有关。这里的值是1;fE是焊接接头疲劳曲线的环境修正系数,其值通常是流体环境、加载频率、温度和材料变量(如粒度和化学成分)的函数;fMT是温度调整系数,指对于碳钢以外的材料和/或高于21 ℃(70 °F)的温度,疲劳曲线需要进行温度调整。温度调整系数由下式给出:
式中:ET表示在被评估循环的平均温度下,被评估材料的弹性模量;EACS是指碳钢在环境温度或21 ℃(70 °F)下的弹性模量。由于温度对金属结构的弹性模量影响不大,此处的fMT值为1。
修正后的疲劳寿命计算公式如下:
式中,NT是低温对疲劳寿命的修正;fT是与低温环境有关的温度影响因子;fE是焊接接头疲劳曲线的环境修正系数,对于腐蚀环境条件下需要经过大量的试验获得修正,无特殊说明情况下fE=4.0。fTfE之间的关系如下所示:
在低温下,当fT>1.0时,表明ASME给出的主S-N曲线是保守的;当0<fT<1.0时,表明ASME标准给出的主S-N曲线对于评估焊接结构的低温疲劳是危险的。
疲劳曲线的第二种修正方法与第2.1节中的母材修正方法相同。
公式(5)为基于室温下等效结构应力的主S-N曲线计算公式。低温主S-N曲线方程是由等效结构应力法导出的与金属材料性能相关的修正方程。
根据大量的低温试验发现,在不同的金属低温疲劳试验中,低温疲劳曲线具有以下特征[30-32]
(1)温度降低导致S-N曲线向更高强度值移动;
(2)在不同温度下,在对数坐标系中,它近似为一条具有恒定斜率的直线。
考虑到上述所有特征,基于等效结构应力法,推导了不同金属焊接结构的低温疲劳S-N曲线。
根据等式(5),在对数-对数坐标系中,等式表示一条直线:
为了得到低温环境下疲劳主S-N曲线,在式(5)的基础上引入了温度参数T,以及温度敏感系数c。式(12)中,T是开尔文温度。根据上述第一个特征,c是与材料相关的常数,通过低温试验获得[35],定义如下:
根据式(13),基于等效结构应力法的焊接结构低温疲劳S-N曲线公式为
式(12)和式(14)是由室温下等效结构应力法导出的低温疲劳S-N曲线公式,可以更好地预测金属焊接结构的低温疲劳性能。
对于T型焊缝,文献[33]中通过实验获得了EH36船用钢板在室温和低温下的S-N曲线。图4中的散射点是试验数据,黑色实线为式(5)在室温下的主S-N曲线,红色实线为式(14)在-40 ℃下的主S-N曲线,虚线为式(8)在-40 ℃下的主S-N曲线,蓝色虚线表示根据试验值拟合的曲线。
图4所示,用该公式计算的曲线与EH36钢板T型焊缝的试验数据吻合较好。室温和低温下的主S-N曲线近似为一条直线,低温下的主S-N曲线高于室温下的主S-N曲线,符合低温试验的特点。在-40 ℃的温度下,由式(14)计算的主S-N曲线比由式(8)计算的主S-N曲线更接近试验结果,且文献中拟合的平均S-N曲线更接近于由式(14)计算的主S-N曲线,从而验证了修正方程的可靠性。
为了进一步验证式(14)的普遍适用性,对不同材料的多种焊接结构的疲劳试验结果进行了比较和分析。
Li等[12]通过实验研究了高强度钢Q420在低温下的疲劳S-N曲线。图5中的散点是不同温度下S-N曲线的实验值,实线是根据式(14)计算的不同温度下的主S-N曲线,蓝色虚线是根据式(8)计算的。
图5所示,由式(8)和式(14)计算的Q420高强度钢低温主S-N曲线与实验结果基本一致,验证了方程的正确性。由式(8)和式(14)计算的数据与试验数据之间的最大应力差不超过5 MPa,表明新引入的温度敏感系数(c=-0.17±0.001)的值和标准偏差较为合适。
根据Q420焊接结构的温度敏感系数c,预测了Q420焊接结构在试验温度范围内或附近的低温疲劳S-N曲线,如图6所示。从图中可以看出,根据式(14)预测的Q420钢焊接接头疲劳主S-N曲线在对数坐标系中近似为直线,且同样循环次数时,随着温度的降低,所需的疲劳应力越大,符合低温环境下金属材料的疲劳变化趋势。这种预测方法可以为金属焊接结构的低温疲劳研究节省大量的成本,减少非标准试验操作造成的不必要的误差。
Liao等[33]针对寒冷地区Q345qD桥梁钢焊接接头进行了-60 ℃低温疲劳试验,结果如图7所示,散点是测试结果,蓝色虚线表示根据测试值拟合的S-N曲线,黑色虚线表示由式(8)计算的低温主S-N曲线,红色实线表示由式(14)计算的低温主S-N曲线。
图7所示,由式(14)计算的Q345qD桥梁钢低温主S-N曲线与试验结果及拟合曲线基本一致,验证了方程的可靠性。
考虑到船舶和海洋结构物可能在季节性冻结温度和极端环境条件下作业,Braun等[34]对S235 J2+N和S500G1+M十字接头在-20 ℃和-50 ℃(253 K和223 K)下进行了拉伸试验,焊缝疲劳试验数据如图8图9所示。
S235 J2+N十字接头在-20 ℃和-50 ℃(253 K和223 K)下通过试验和公式(14)得到的结果如图8所示,黑色和红色离散点分别为文献[34]中S235 J2+N十字接头在-20 ℃和-50 ℃下的疲劳试验数据,而蓝色和红色实线分别代表在-20 ℃和-50 ℃温度下由公式(14)计算的主S-N曲线。
在对数坐标系中,公式(14)近似为一条直线。同时,温度越低,最大疲劳应力值越大,符合低温试验的特点。根据公式(14)计算的数据与试验数据之间的最大应力差不超过5 MPa,表明新引入的温度敏感系数(c=-0.18±0.014)的值和标准偏差较为合适。S500G1+M十字接头在-20 ℃和-50 ℃(253 K和223 K)下的试验结果和公式(14)计算结果如图9所示,黑色和红色离散点分别为文献[34]中S500G1+M十字接头在-20 ℃和-50 ℃下的疲劳试验数据,而蓝色和红色实线分别代表在-20 ℃和-50 ℃温度下由式(14)计算的主S-N曲线。
同样,在对数坐标系中,式(14)计算结果与对应的试验结果较为接近,最大应力差不会超过5 MPa,且变化规律符合低温试验的特点。
对于上述五种不同材料的焊接结构,低温疲劳S-N曲线试验结果与修正方程的计算结果能够保持较好的一致性。尽管影响公式准确性的因素相对较多,但低温修正式(8)和式(14)对于预测不同金属的各种焊接结构的主S-N曲线具有良好的可靠性。在室温焊接结构等效结构应力法的基础上,引入了温度敏感系数c。推导的焊接结构低温主S-N曲线与低温疲劳试验数据吻合较好,验证了推导公式的可靠性。由导出的公式预测的低温疲劳主S-N曲线与低温试验规律一致,可以减少焊接结构的低温疲劳试验次数,降低低温疲劳试验成本,可为焊接结构的低温疲劳状态提供有效的预测。
本研究旨在研究各种金属材料焊接结构的低温疲劳S-N曲线,以用于北极海洋工程设备等低温环境下金属焊接结构的疲劳性能评估。传统的疲劳S-N曲线仅适用于室温下的金属疲劳评估,但不适用于北极低温下的金属疲劳寿命评估,尤其是低温环境下的金属焊接结构。得到的研究成果如下:
(1)本文首先通过共振弯曲疲劳试验验证了等效结构应力法对高强钢环焊缝疲劳计算的正确性,并首次基于等效结构应力法建立了低温焊接结构的主S-N曲线。在此基础上,考虑北极低温,引入了温度敏感因子。将修正后的低温主S-N曲线公式与文献中的低温S-N试验数据和ASME修正方法进行了比较,结果吻合较好,验证了所建立的不同类型焊接结构计算公式的准确性。
(2)根据低温疲劳S-N曲线,预测了同一金属在低温附近的疲劳S-N曲线。计算结果表明,随着温度的降低,低温环境下金属材料焊接结构的疲劳S-N曲线在常温疲劳S-N曲线之上,这表明在高周疲劳阶段,在相同的循环疲劳载荷下,疲劳寿命将相应增加,这与文献中的测试结果一致。这种预测方法可以为金属材料焊接结构的低温疲劳研究节省大量成本。该方法可以减少非标准试验操作带来的不必要误差,适用于北极及高原地区低温环境下不同类型焊接接头的疲劳性能评估,对北极油气勘探开发设备的设计和寿命评估具有重要的参考意义。
目前,本文描述的程序仅与具有低温试验数据的高周疲劳阶段非常一致,但低周疲劳阶段的低温疲劳主S-N曲线仍需进一步研究和讨论。
  • 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司国家创新平台开放基金(2021YJ167)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1934209;)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0304805)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.04.009
  • 接收时间:2023-10-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-28
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中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司国家创新平台开放基金(2021YJ167)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1934209;)
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0304805)
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    1.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 铁道建筑研究所,北京 100081
    2.机械工业仪器仪表综合技术经济研究所,北京 100055
    3.中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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