Article(id=1242150714294739051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150711367119505, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.04.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1698076800000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774081408332, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1713542400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774081408332, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774081408332, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081408332, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242150711367119505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='4', pageStart='479', pageEnd='636', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774081407634, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081679149, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242151850229702738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150711367119505, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242151850229702739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150711367119505, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=594, endPage=605, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242150715955683445, articleId=1242150714294739051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Inverse identification method of dynamic load of propulsion shafting bearings based on measured data, columnId=1241023038381158513, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problem in accurate identification of dynamic load of marine propulsion shafting bearings, this paper proposes a kind of frequency-domain inverse identification method based on inversion of frequency response functions by using full measured data as well as the corresponding data processing and evaluation methods. Then, on the propulsion shafting vibration test platform, radial bearing dynamic load identification tests under three types of external excitation were carried out to verify the proposed method. The test results show that the identification results of bearing dynamic load under unbalanced, random vibration and impulse excitation are consistent with the trends of amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency curves of measured results in the frequency band of 10 Hz-1 kHz, with a high degree of coincidence, and that in the frequency band of 10 Hz-1 kHz, the identification errors of bearing dynamic load are 0.21-3.5 dB under unbalanced excitation, 2.03-2.53 dB under random vibration excitation and 2.16-4.64 dB under pulse excitation, which proves that the inverse identification method is feasible and accurate.

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本文针对船舶推进轴系轴承动载荷准确识别的难题开展研究,提出一种基于频响函数求逆并采用全实测数据的频域反演识别方法及相应的数据处理和评价方法;然后,针对推进轴系振动试验台架,开展三种类型外激励作用下的径向轴承动载荷反演试验进行验证。试验结果表明:不平衡、随机振动、脉冲激励下轴承动载荷的反演识别结果与直接测量结果在10 Hz~1 kHz频带内的幅频和相频曲线趋势一致,吻合度高;10 Hz~1 kHz频带内,不平衡激励下的轴承动载荷反演误差为0.21~3.5 dB,随机振动激励下为2.03~2.53 dB,脉冲激励下为2.16~4.64 dB,验证了反演识别方法的可行性和准确性。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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周凌波(1990-),男,博士研究生,高级工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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周凌波(1990-),男,博士研究生,高级工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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周凌波(1990-),男,博士研究生,高级工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on the influence of lubrication dynamic characteristic of the propulsion shafting's supporting bearings under the condition of longitudinal and transversal inclination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242150731923399415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150714294739051, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1984, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CB/Z 208-83,舰艇轴系强度计算和横向振动计算规则[S]. 1984., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242150732011479802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150714294739051, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1984, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CB/Z 208-83, Rules for strength calculation and transverse vibration calculation of ship shafting[S]. 1984. 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figureFileBig=gxF6/uI72i4WhbOAzoKO7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150727385162334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150714294739051, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Total level comparison under unbalanced excitation (400 r/min)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比项艉轴承动态力总级/dB中间轴承动态力总级/dB推力轴承加速度总级/dB
10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz
反演结果24.7325.0925.6926.08104.77105.88
直接测量结果22.1822.8422.4522.58104.86105.67
相差2.552.253.243.5-0.090.21
), ArticleFig(id=1242150727485825636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150714294739051, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不平衡激励响应反演结果总级对比(400 r/min)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比项艉轴承动态力总级/dB中间轴承动态力总级/dB推力轴承加速度总级/dB
10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz
反演结果24.7325.0925.6926.08104.77105.88
直接测量结果22.1822.8422.4522.58104.86105.67
相差2.552.253.243.5-0.090.21
), ArticleFig(id=1242150727578100328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150714294739051, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Total level comparison under random vibration excitation (400 r/min)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比项艉轴承动态力总级/dB中间轴承动态力总级/dB推力轴承加速度总级/dB
10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz
反演结果38.6839.9729.5031.43105.48110.93
直接测量结果36.6937.8126.6328.90105.63108.9
相差1.992.162.872.53-0.152.03
), ArticleFig(id=1242150727666180717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150714294739051, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

随机振动激励响应反演结果总级对比(400 r/min)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比项艉轴承动态力总级/dB中间轴承动态力总级/dB推力轴承加速度总级/dB
10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz
反演结果38.6839.9729.5031.43105.48110.93
直接测量结果36.6937.8126.6328.90105.63108.9
相差1.992.162.872.53-0.152.03
), ArticleFig(id=1242150729171935859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150714294739051, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Total level comparison under impulse excitation (400 r/min)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比项艉轴承动态力总级/dB中间轴承动态力总级/dB推力轴承加速度总级/dB
10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz
反演结果48.0348.6640.4141.86111.02115.27
直接测量结果45.3845.9035.7837.22111.86113.11
相差2.652.764.634.64-0.842.16
), ArticleFig(id=1242150729285182075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150714294739051, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

脉冲激励响应反演结果总级对比(400 r/min)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比项艉轴承动态力总级/dB中间轴承动态力总级/dB推力轴承加速度总级/dB
10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz10~200 Hz10 Hz~1 kHz
反演结果48.0348.6640.4141.86111.02115.27
直接测量结果45.3845.9035.7837.22111.86113.11
相差2.652.764.634.64-0.842.16
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基于实测数据的推进轴系轴承动载荷反演识别方法
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周凌波 1, 2 , 胡志宽 1, 2 , 段勇 1, 2 , 孙玉东 1, 2 , 魏强 1, 3
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2024,28(4): 594-605
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船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2024, 28(4): 594-605
基于实测数据的推进轴系轴承动载荷反演识别方法
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周凌波1, 2 , 胡志宽1, 2, 段勇1, 2, 孙玉东1, 2, 魏强1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.中国船舶科学研究中心 船舶振动噪声重点实验室,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 2.深海技术科学 太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 3.中国舰船研究设计中心,武汉 430064
  • 周凌波(1990-),男,博士研究生,高级工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Inverse identification method of dynamic load of propulsion shafting bearings based on measured data
Ling-bo ZHOU1, 2 , Zhi-kuan HU1, 2, Yong DUAN1, 2, Yu-dong SUN1, 2, Qiang WEI1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.National Key Laboratory on Ship Vibration and Noise, China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
  • 2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological Science, Wuxi 214082, China
  • 3.China Ship Development and Design Center, Wuhan 430064, China
出版时间: 2024-04-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.04.011
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本文针对船舶推进轴系轴承动载荷准确识别的难题开展研究,提出一种基于频响函数求逆并采用全实测数据的频域反演识别方法及相应的数据处理和评价方法;然后,针对推进轴系振动试验台架,开展三种类型外激励作用下的径向轴承动载荷反演试验进行验证。试验结果表明:不平衡、随机振动、脉冲激励下轴承动载荷的反演识别结果与直接测量结果在10 Hz~1 kHz频带内的幅频和相频曲线趋势一致,吻合度高;10 Hz~1 kHz频带内,不平衡激励下的轴承动载荷反演误差为0.21~3.5 dB,随机振动激励下为2.03~2.53 dB,脉冲激励下为2.16~4.64 dB,验证了反演识别方法的可行性和准确性。

推进轴系  /  轴承动载荷  /  反演识别

In order to solve the problem in accurate identification of dynamic load of marine propulsion shafting bearings, this paper proposes a kind of frequency-domain inverse identification method based on inversion of frequency response functions by using full measured data as well as the corresponding data processing and evaluation methods. Then, on the propulsion shafting vibration test platform, radial bearing dynamic load identification tests under three types of external excitation were carried out to verify the proposed method. The test results show that the identification results of bearing dynamic load under unbalanced, random vibration and impulse excitation are consistent with the trends of amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency curves of measured results in the frequency band of 10 Hz-1 kHz, with a high degree of coincidence, and that in the frequency band of 10 Hz-1 kHz, the identification errors of bearing dynamic load are 0.21-3.5 dB under unbalanced excitation, 2.03-2.53 dB under random vibration excitation and 2.16-4.64 dB under pulse excitation, which proves that the inverse identification method is feasible and accurate.

propulsion shafting  /  bearing dynamic load  /  inverse identification
周凌波, 胡志宽, 段勇, 孙玉东, 魏强. 基于实测数据的推进轴系轴承动载荷反演识别方法. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (4) : 594 -605 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.04.011
Ling-bo ZHOU, Zhi-kuan HU, Yong DUAN, Yu-dong SUN, Qiang WEI. Inverse identification method of dynamic load of propulsion shafting bearings based on measured data[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (4) : 594 -605 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.04.011
船舶推进轴系属于动力装置的核心部分,其作用是将主机的功率传递到螺旋桨,并将螺旋桨的推力传递到船体,推动船舶前进。在推进轴系运转过程中,螺旋桨激振力、轴系不平衡和不对中等旋转动载荷以轴系振动的传递形式[1],通过各支撑轴承通道传递到船体并形成水下振动噪声,极大影响了船舶声隐身性能[2-4]。轴承动载荷属于推进轴系的内部载荷,对其进行准确获取,不仅有助于了解轴系的振动特性,给轴系优化设计和轴系振动控制提供重要参考[5],还能在轴承界面处将船体和轴系分割为静-动两种子系统进行独立分析,有利于重点关注船体子系统在轴系激励动载荷作用下的水下振动和噪声响应特性,另外轴承动载荷还是计算轴承传递功率流的重要参数。
推进轴系的轴承动载荷很难在实际工程结构中采用传感器直接测量获取,因而需要通过其它易于测量物理量的实测结果间接进行反演识别。反演识别方法主要分为频域法和时域法[6],时域法对初值敏感,难以避免累积误差且计算效率低;而频域法无须繁琐的积分过程,处理较为简单便捷,因而应用较多。李坚宇[7]采用子空间系统识别理论对轴系螺旋桨纵向集中激振力进行了时域动载荷识别研究,但仅做了仿真分析;马超[8]采用状态空间法对船舶螺旋桨纵向激振力进行了时域识别研究,但其结构传递矩阵采用的是有限元仿真计算数据;祁立波[9]采用频域法,同样通过仿真计算得到螺旋桨纵向激励下的加速度传递函数,结合推力轴承基座、船体和尾轴承处的实测纵向加速度响应,反演识别出螺旋桨纵向非定常激励力。
有关船舶推进轴系轴承径向动载荷反演识别问题的研究鲜有报道,因而本文瞄准该问题开展研究,同时考虑到采用解析或数值仿真手段难以对船舶复杂巨系统进行准确建模的实际情况[10],提出一种基于频响函数求逆理论、采用全实测数据的推进轴系轴承动载荷的频域反演识别方法,并以推进轴系振动试验台架为对象开展试验验证。
由振动力学可知,频域中结构的动响应等于频响函数乘以动载荷,反之,动载荷等于动响应乘以频响函数的逆矩阵。基于此原理,本文提出一种采用全实测数据的轴承动载荷频域反演识别方法,通过在传递动载荷的轴承路径附近布置加速度传感器作为指示点,根据路径传递频响函数等实测先验数据及轴系运行状态下的指示点响应,进行反演得到运行状态下的轴承动载荷,即
式中,n为动响应指示点的数量,m为所需要反演的轴承动载荷数量,f为频率,Anf)为轴系运行状态下的指示点复数动响应(一般为加速度响应)n维向量,Hn × mf)为所有轴承动载荷激励位置到所有指示点位置的n × m维跨点频响函数矩阵,[ ]-1表示对矩阵求逆,Fmf)为轴承复数动载荷m维向量。
由于实测系统中,各响应测点之间的频响函数在一定程度上呈线性相关,当n=m甚至n仅略大于m时,Hn × mf)矩阵通常不满足满秩要求,因此需要使用足够的响应指示点补充Hn × mf)矩阵,形成更多线性无关的方程去估计多维轴承动载荷,通常要求响应指示点数量是求解动载荷维数的2倍以上,即n ≥ 2m
由于实际测量中的激励和响应复数信号中不可避免会存在噪声,而反演识别的精度对噪声信号十分敏感,所以在实测数据的处理过程中需要解决实测频响函数、实测动响应、频响矩阵求逆去噪和正则化等主要问题。
一般实测的激励和响应信号中都存在噪声,采用最优估计模型对激励和响应信号中的噪声进行处理,得到高信噪比的频响函数V
式中,Af)为不含噪声的真实复响应信号,Nf)为响应中的噪声信号,Ff)为不含噪声的真实激励复信号,Mf)为激励中的噪声信号,V为采用最优估计模型进行去噪处理后的频响函数,Gfff)、Gaaf)、Gfaf)、Gaff)分别为激励和响应信号的自谱和互谱,I为单位矩阵,上标H表示对矩阵作复共轭转置。
用于反演计算的实测加速度动响应一般同时包括幅值和相位信息,如果对信号直接截取单个数据块作傅里叶变化,不仅会存在无法去除的信号噪声,还会导致相位的杂乱无章,因而需要对实测加速度响应信号采用特殊的处理方式,对其幅值和相位分别去噪后再组合。其中,对于信号幅值部分,采用Welch法对完整的响应信号进行处理,通过加窗函数并进行能量修正以降低信号的频谱泄露,再通过重叠分段的平均估计去除信号中的随机噪声,最终对返回信号的自谱功率谱密度估计开根号后得到去噪后的信号频谱幅值估计;对于信号相位部分的处理,选取一个信噪比较高的实测响应点作为相位处理参考点,参照2.1节中实测频响函数的去噪方法,将每通道的响应信号与相位参考点信号做跨点频响估计,以该相对相位作为原信号去噪后的相位。最后,将去噪后的信号幅值和相位进行复数组合,形成去噪后的实测动响应复数频谱为
式中,if)为去噪后的第i点实测加速度动响应,Giif)为对第i点信号进行去噪处理后的自谱功率谱密度估计,∠ikf)为第i点信号与第k点相位参考信号做跨点频响估计后得到的去噪后相位,j为虚数单位。
Tikhonov正则化方法是解决实测频响矩阵求逆不适定问题的有效方法之一,其能够平衡解的稳定性与准确性[11]。对有界线性算子AXYyY,设置正则参数α,设xαX,使其在X上极小化的Tikhonov泛函为
可见,Tikhonov方法把泛函的极小元xα作为正则化近似解,一方面可以使较小,另一方面通过惩罚项来保证解的稳定性。得到Tikhonov正则化后的解为
式中,σi为奇异值,uivi分别为左右奇异向量,fασi)称为过滤因子。
Tikhonov正则化中最关键的步骤是需要确定正则化参数α,文中采用广义交叉验证准则(简称GCV准则)的方法进行确定。
由统计学知识可知,在样本中抽取出任一样本后,根据所选样本点仍可以估计样本参数,由于正则化参数值属于解的光滑参数,故残余样本依然可以识别该参数。对剔除任一样本后求解系统的残余误差,对每个误差进行求解并求和,可以得到关于正则化参数的残余误差和函数,其最小值对应正则参数的最优解。利用该理论,得到线性方程Ax=y基于GCV准则的最小化表达式为
式中,Trace代表矩阵的迹。求解该函数的最小值,即得到相应正则化参数值。
借鉴模态置信准则(Modal Assurance Criterion,简称MAC)的评价方法,对直接测量和反演得出的动载荷幅频曲线进行相似度评价。将直接测量得到的动载荷幅频曲线Fu和反演得到的幅频曲线Fv之间的MAC值定义为
MAC值介于0和1之间,越接近1表明两种幅频曲线的相似度越高。针对幅频曲线的相似度评价,本文提出判定标准为MAC≥0.7。
结合反演原理以及实测数据反演处理方法,形成了基于实测数据的推进轴系轴承动载荷反演识别方法,具体实施流程如图1所示。
本试验在中国船舶科学研究中心船舶振动噪声重点实验室的船舶推进轴系多功能试验台架上完成,如图2所示。该轴系试验台架全长8.2 m,试验所用艉轴、推力轴、水润滑尾轴承和中间轴承、米歇尔滑动式油润滑推力轴承、模拟螺旋桨质量盘等结构,均安装于模拟船体双层底结构的整体平台上,采用8个气囊支撑以模拟自由边界状态,安装频率为垂向2.9 Hz、侧向2.7 Hz。驱动电机和电机基座与整体平台采用分离式布置,通过高弹性联轴器与推力轴进行连接。尾轴承长度是中间轴承的2倍,两者均采用高分子轴瓦,由外置供水箱及润滑管系进行强制压力式循环供水润滑[12-13]
为了验证反演得到的轴承动载荷,分别在尾轴承基座中沿轴向预置2组、在中间轴承基座中预置1个预先安装的三分量压电宽频动态力传感器,型号分别为Kistler 9047和Kistler 9077,所用的传感器自身刚度与原基座的刚度匹配。
试验前对动态力传感器进行标定,试验中每组数据的采样时间长度为60 s,采样频率为8192 Hz。反演识别的测试试验分两步进行:第一步,轴承动载荷作用点到响应指示点的跨点频响函数测试,以下简称为跨点频响函数测试;第二步,轴系以400 r/min转速运行时,施加多种外激励下的响应指示点振动和轴承动载荷测试,以下简称运行响应测试。
(1)跨点频响函数测试内容
(a)轴承动载荷激励点(即反演识别点)数量和位置的确定:由于艉轴承长径比为3:1,所以在其两端和中部共设置3个动载荷反演点,中间轴承在其中部设置1个反演点,推力轴承在其推力盘两侧的径向支撑轴承位置各设置1个反演点,共计6个动载荷反演识别点,如图3中的F1~F6所示。
(b)轴承垂-横支撑耦合特性分析:船舶标准[14]中通常都是将推进轴系的三大振动(纵振、回振、扭振)解耦分析的,此处进一步基于轴系台架的有限元模型进行验证,对艉轴承、中间轴承、推力轴承支撑的横向与垂向的相互耦合特性进行仿真分析,计算时忽略艉轴承、中间轴承、推力轴承三处的水平支撑,以及三个轴承水平支撑对垂向动载荷结果的影响。如图4可见,横向和垂向轴承支撑的相互耦合影响较弱,可认为相互解耦。另外,在径向激励为主要关注对象的情况下,纵向响应一般也可忽略。因此,在本试验中进行垂向激励时,可以忽略水平和纵向的响应自由度。
(c)加速度响应测点数量和位置的确定:响应测点位置共17处,如图5中红点标记所示,主要位于轴承壳、轴承基座及附近的双层底平台上。响应测点位置的选取原则包括以下几点:一是方便布置测量传感器,二是距离载荷识别点不太远,三是选取有一定差异的不同位置,四是非结构振动节点且响应信噪比较大的位置。至于其位置的优选过程需通过轴系台架仿真计算确定,受篇幅限制,具体优选过程不在本文中详述。
(d)激励方式的确定:采用激振机激励法,依序测试激励点到响应点的垂向、水平及轴向的跨点传递频响函数。由于轴承动载荷的作用点位于转轴与轴承轴瓦接触的位置,即位于轴承壳内部,不方便直接施加激振力,因此在对相应轴承进行激励时将其上壳盖打开(其它轴承上壳保持原状)。通过有限元模型对打开轴承上壳盖的影响进行分析,结果如图6所示,可见打开轴承上壳盖方案在10~200 Hz的频带范围内对艉轴承和中间轴承动载荷的反演识别结果影响较小,因此在试验中可作为一种合理的处理方式。
(2)运行响应测试内容
轴系在400 r/min运行时,在转轴尾端等效螺旋桨激励处分别施加三种类型外激励:不平衡激励(在模拟螺旋桨质量盘上预置64.78 g⋅m偏心量的偏心块)、随机振动激励(激振机通过动静过渡环对转轴进行施加,设置800 Hz的低通硬件滤波)、脉冲激励(直接锤击转轴),随后测量轴系的轴承动载荷及各响应测点振动,测点位置与前面频响测试时相同。
在转轴等效螺旋桨位置处施加垂向的不平衡激励、随机振动激励及脉冲激励,分别对艉轴承、中间轴承及推力轴承的垂向动载荷进行反演识别,并与直接测量结果对比。分析频带为10 Hz~1 kHz,频率分辨率为0.5 Hz。
其中,在艉轴承和中间轴承的基座中分别预埋了动态力传感器,可以对反演动态力进行直接对比验证;由于推力轴承位置处并未预埋动态力传感器,所以采用独立的加速度观察点(不参与反演识别计算,是独立于指示点以外的观察点)进行间接评估,下文简称其为评估点。评估点选在推力轴承与其基座的连接位置处,如图7所示,通过反演识别出的推力轴承、中间轴承和艉轴承处的动态力,以及它们到评估点的跨点频响,换算得到评估点处的加速度响应,最后与该处实际测得的加速度响应进行对比,以实现间接评估。
不平衡激励下反演结果与直接测量结果在10 Hz~1 kHz频带内的幅频和相频曲线对比如图8所示。统计10~200 Hz以及10 Hz~1 kHz频带的总级,列入表1。计算总级的分贝值时,力的参考级取值1 N,加速度的参考级取值1E-6 m/s2
随机振动激励下反演结果与直接测量结果在10 Hz~1 kHz频带内的幅频和相频曲线对比如图9所示。统计10~200 Hz及10 Hz~1 kHz频带的总级,列入表2
脉冲激励下反演结果与直接测量结果在10 Hz~1 kHz频带内的幅频和相频曲线对比如图10所示。统计10~200 Hz及10 Hz~1 kHz频带的总级,列入表3
本文针对船舶推进轴系轴承动载荷准确识别的难题,提出了一种基于频响函数求逆并采用全实测数据的频域反演识别方法,并给出了相应的数据处理和评价方法。另外,针对船舶推进轴系振动试验台架,开展了不平衡、随机振动、脉冲激励三种类型外激励作用下的径向轴承动载荷反演试验验证。试验结果表明:(1)不平衡、随机振动、脉冲激励下,轴承动载荷的反演识别结果与直接测量结果在10 Hz~1 kHz频带内的幅频和相频曲线趋势一致,吻合度高;(2)10 Hz~1 kHz频带内,不平衡激励下的轴承动载荷反演误差为0.21~3.5 dB,随机振动激励下的轴承动载荷反演误差为2.03~2.53 dB,脉冲激励下的轴承动载荷反演误差为2.16~4.64 dB,验证了反演识别方法的可行性和准确性。
  • 船舶振动噪声重点实验室基金项目(JCKY2020207CI03)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.04.011
  • 接收时间:2023-10-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-24
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船舶振动噪声重点实验室基金项目(JCKY2020207CI03)
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    1.中国船舶科学研究中心 船舶振动噪声重点实验室,江苏 无锡 214082
    2.深海技术科学 太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082
    3.中国舰船研究设计中心,武汉 430064

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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