Article(id=1242150512196399722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150509222634475, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.03.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1694620800000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774081360147, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1710864000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774081360147, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774081360147, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081360147, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242150509222634475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='3', pageStart='319', pageEnd='477', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774081359439, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774081618801, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242151597120233485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150509222634475, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242151597120233486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242150509222634475, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=379, endPage=391, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242150512452252275, articleId=1242150512196399722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Automatic mask and velocity field calculation of particle image velocimetry based on optical flow convolution network, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology is a non-contact global velocity field measurement technology. In the field of shipbuilding and ocean engineering, the particle images taken in the PIV experiment often contain interference such as structure occlusion and free liquid surface, which needs to be masked before the liquid phase velocity field is calculated. Therefore, it is of great significance to realize the automatic masking of the interference area in the PIV image and the high-precision calculation of the velocity field in the liquid phase area. In this paper, based on the optical flow convolutional neural network LiteFlowNet, a deep learning model Mask-PIV-LiteFlowNet that can realize automatic mask and velocity field calculation was designed. Furthermore, based on the PIV mask dataset of the object entering the water and on the PIV velocity field calculation data set, a data set was made to train and test. The test results show that the model can effectively reduce the calculation errors of the velocity field near the boundary of the mask and can extract small-scaled flow information of the flow field finely. Compared with the current advanced particle image velocimetry deep learning model, the calculation accuracy was improved by more than 20%, and the calculation speed was improved by 5.7%. Finally, the proposed model was tested with the actual images of the wedge-shaped body entering the water and the carp swimming PIV, verifying that the model has a strong generalization ability.
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粒子图像测速(PIV)技术是一种定量的非接触式全局速度场测量技术。在船舶与海洋工程领域,PIV实验中拍摄的粒子图像常出现结构物遮挡或自由液面等干扰现象,需要对其进行掩模后计算液相区域速度场。因此,实现PIV图像中干扰区域自动掩模及液相区域速度场高精度计算具有重要的意义。本文基于光流卷积神经网络LiteFlowNet,设计了一种可实现自动掩模及速度场计算的深度学习模型Mask-PIV-LiteFlowNet,并使用基于物体入水PIV实验图像掩模数据集和PIV速度场计算数据集制作的数据集对其进行训练和测试。测试结果表明,该模型能够有效减少临近掩模边界区域的速度场计算错误并能够精细地提取流场小尺度流动信息,相比于当前先进的PIV深度学习模型PIV-LiteFlowNet-en,本文提出的模型在对带结构物的合成粒子图像进行流场计算时精度获得了至少14.5%的提升,计算速度上获得了5.7%的提升。最后,使用楔形体入水PIV图像对提出的模型进行了测试,验证了模型的泛化能力。
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, authorsList=郭春雨, 范毅伟, 韩阳, 于长东, 徐鹏, 毕晓君)}, authors=[Author(id=1242150519691621354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242150519779701748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, authorId=1242150519691621354, language=EN, stringName=Chun-yu GUO, firstName=Chun-yu, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1a.哈尔滨工程大学 船舶工程学院,哈尔滨 150001, bio={"content":"
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1a.College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242150520589201453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, authorId=1242150520366903324, language=CN, stringName=韩阳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1a.哈尔滨工程大学 船舶工程学院,哈尔滨 150001, bio={"content":"
韩阳(1988-),女,实验师,硕士生导师,通讯作者,E-mail:hanyang@hrbeu.edu.cn。
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韩阳(1988-),女,实验师,硕士生导师,通讯作者,E-mail:hanyang@hrbeu.edu.cn。
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1b.College of Information Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242150520878608447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, authorId=1242150520668893233, language=CN, stringName=于长东, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1b.哈尔滨工程大学 信息通信学院,哈尔滨 150001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242150519406408658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, xref=1b., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242150519414797267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, companyId=1242150519406408658, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2.College of Information Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242150521541308509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, authorId=1242150521277067345, language=CN, stringName=毕晓君, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2.中央民族大学 信息工程学院,北京 100081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242150519544820701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242150519553209309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, companyId=1242150519544820701, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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LiteFlowNet architecture (The input of the model includes a pair of particle images, and the output is composed of the estimated values for the velocity field), figureFileSmall=nNY7wATOYrJndMOVD0LnZA==, figureFileBig=lB0fR47SOTSNa+wU5cvwZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150524024336521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
LiteFlowNet模型结构(模型输入为两张粒子图像,输出为速度场估计值), figureFileSmall=nNY7wATOYrJndMOVD0LnZA==, figureFileBig=lB0fR47SOTSNa+wU5cvwZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150524296966295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Mask-PIV-LiteFlowNet architecture, figureFileSmall=Heze9obiJ2Rw4FUD6R2qlA==, figureFileBig=zlJXbNLA/EiVDIYBDcOANg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150524397629598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
Mask-PIV-LiteFlowNet结构示意图, figureFileSmall=Heze9obiJ2Rw4FUD6R2qlA==, figureFileBig=zlJXbNLA/EiVDIYBDcOANg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150524485709985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Model training error curve, figureFileSmall=mLiixLfoGGPK7eRpyzHa2g==, figureFileBig=xEKYRyLS7KI30fFujmOJuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150524590567588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
模型训练误差曲线, figureFileSmall=mLiixLfoGGPK7eRpyzHa2g==, figureFileBig=xEKYRyLS7KI30fFujmOJuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150524682842283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Data set production process of partially occluded particle image-speed field, figureFileSmall=jblE44UEpHNL2U1QpJqW6Q==, figureFileBig=ZzbjVt2znxcPYbdQF80YUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150524787699888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
“带结构物”的粒子图像-速度场数据集制作流程, figureFileSmall=jblE44UEpHNL2U1QpJqW6Q==, figureFileBig=ZzbjVt2znxcPYbdQF80YUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150524921917618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Data set of partially occluded particle image-velocity field, figureFileSmall=ceWGqmOKXhE6O597ACAj3A==, figureFileBig=tnu/S5k7mkOiyx5bxscFZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150524980637878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
“带结构物”的粒子图像-速度场数据集示例, figureFileSmall=ceWGqmOKXhE6O597ACAj3A==, figureFileBig=tnu/S5k7mkOiyx5bxscFZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150525081301179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Visualization of particle image test results for artificially synthesized structured' particles, figureFileSmall=slNtXq73IELQRVIHYWuUvA==, figureFileBig=ZOOJcV/nnr8BWjI7SgdI6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150525148410047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
人工合成带结构的粒子图像测试结果可视化, figureFileSmall=slNtXq73IELQRVIHYWuUvA==, figureFileBig=ZOOJcV/nnr8BWjI7SgdI6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150525223907521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Comparison of PIV experimental results of wedge-shaped body entering water, figureFileSmall=nsfEwrTc2VIqWw5Nbrn//g==, figureFileBig=TgvnfK4MWrk1kNA4Jo4qtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150525303599301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
楔形体入水PIV实验结果对比, figureFileSmall=nsfEwrTc2VIqWw5Nbrn//g==, figureFileBig=TgvnfK4MWrk1kNA4Jo4qtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242150525383291080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Setting of training set and testing set for partially occluded particle image and velocity field
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 结构物形式 | 训练集数量 | 测试集数量 | 流场形式 | 概述 | 训练集速度场数量 | 测试集速度场数量 |
|---|
| 楔形体入水 | 60 | 50 | 均匀流(如图5(a)) | 流场中所有速度值保持一致。 | 1000 | 500 |
| 后台阶流动(如图5(b)) | 论文中公开的后台阶流动数据,Re=800~1500[14]。 | 3000 | 500 |
| 圆柱绕流流场(如图5(c)) | 论文中公开的圆柱绕流流场数据,Re=40~400[14]。 | 3000 | 500 |
| 船艏入水 | 240 | 50 | JHTB-channel(如图5(d)) | Johns Hopkins Turbulence公开数据集[24]。 | 3000 | 500 |
| DNS-turbulence(如图5(e)) | 各向同性自由湍流流场公开数据集(DNS-turbulence,简称DNS)[25]。 | 2000 | 500 |
| Surface Quasi-Geostrophic(如图5(f)) | 海洋表面流场仿真模型公开数据集(Surface Quasi-Geostrophic,简称SQG)[26]。 | 3000 | 500 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242150525479760077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
“带结构物”的粒子图像-速度场训练集和测试集设置
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 结构物形式 | 训练集数量 | 测试集数量 | 流场形式 | 概述 | 训练集速度场数量 | 测试集速度场数量 |
|---|
| 楔形体入水 | 60 | 50 | 均匀流(如图5(a)) | 流场中所有速度值保持一致。 | 1000 | 500 |
| 后台阶流动(如图5(b)) | 论文中公开的后台阶流动数据,Re=800~1500[14]。 | 3000 | 500 |
| 圆柱绕流流场(如图5(c)) | 论文中公开的圆柱绕流流场数据,Re=40~400[14]。 | 3000 | 500 |
| 船艏入水 | 240 | 50 | JHTB-channel(如图5(d)) | Johns Hopkins Turbulence公开数据集[24]。 | 3000 | 500 |
| DNS-turbulence(如图5(e)) | 各向同性自由湍流流场公开数据集(DNS-turbulence,简称DNS)[25]。 | 2000 | 500 |
| Surface Quasi-Geostrophic(如图5(f)) | 海洋表面流场仿真模型公开数据集(Surface Quasi-Geostrophic,简称SQG)[26]。 | 3000 | 500 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242150525588811988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Root mean square error(RMSE) test results of different models
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 流场形式 |
|---|
| Uniform | Back Step[14] | Cylinder[14] | JHTDB-channel[24] | DNS-turbulence[25] | SQG[26] |
|---|
| WIDIM[5] | 0.0262 | 0.0412 | 0.0721 | 0.0823 | 0.3070 | 0.4392 |
| Mask-PIV-LiteFlowNet | 0.0279 | 0.0323 | 0.0532 | 0.0617 | 0.1221 | 0.1256 |
| PIV-LiteFlowNet-en[19] | 0.0396 | 0.0479 | 0.0663 | 0.0739 | 0.1448 | 0.1474 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242150525731418328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
不同模型均方根误差(RMSE)测试结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 流场形式 |
|---|
| Uniform | Back Step[14] | Cylinder[14] | JHTDB-channel[24] | DNS-turbulence[25] | SQG[26] |
|---|
| WIDIM[5] | 0.0262 | 0.0412 | 0.0721 | 0.0823 | 0.3070 | 0.4392 |
| Mask-PIV-LiteFlowNet | 0.0279 | 0.0323 | 0.0532 | 0.0617 | 0.1221 | 0.1256 |
| PIV-LiteFlowNet-en[19] | 0.0396 | 0.0479 | 0.0663 | 0.0739 | 0.1448 | 0.1474 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242150525811110107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Parameters of particle image in Fig.6
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 | 单位 |
|---|
| 粒子直径 | 2~4 | Pixels |
| 粒子中心强度 | 200~255 | Gray Value |
| 粒子浓度 | 0.04 | Particle Per Pixels |
| 图像分辨率(宽,高) | (256,256) | Pixels |
), ArticleFig(id=1242150525907579102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
图6中的粒子图像参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 | 单位 |
|---|
| 粒子直径 | 2~4 | Pixels |
| 粒子中心强度 | 200~255 | Gray Value |
| 粒子浓度 | 0.04 | Particle Per Pixels |
| 图像分辨率(宽,高) | (256,256) | Pixels |
), ArticleFig(id=1242150525995659487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=
Calculation schedules for different models
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 名称 | PIV-LiteFlowNet-en | WIDIM | Mask-PIV-LiteFlowNet |
|---|
| 处理器 | GPU | CPU | GPU |
| 输入图像分辨率 | 256×256 | 256×256 | 256×256 |
| 输出速度场分辨率 | 256×256 | 31×31 | 256×256 |
| 计算时长(500个速度场) | 61.2 s | 224.9 s | 57.7 s |
), ArticleFig(id=1242150526066962659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242150512196399722, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
不同模型计算时间表
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 名称 | PIV-LiteFlowNet-en | WIDIM | Mask-PIV-LiteFlowNet |
|---|
| 处理器 | GPU | CPU | GPU |
| 输入图像分辨率 | 256×256 | 256×256 | 256×256 |
| 输出速度场分辨率 | 256×256 | 31×31 | 256×256 |
| 计算时长(500个速度场) | 61.2 s | 224.9 s | 57.7 s |
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