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To explore the influence of the blocking environment on the ice-class propeller's hydrodynamic and cavitation characteristics and to help the optimization design of ice-class propellers, a test platform was built under the ice blocking environment in a large cavitation channel. The hydrodynamic loads of the whole propeller and a single blade were measured while cavitation patterns with different blocking parameters were observed under ambient pressure and depressurized conditions. The test results show that the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller under ice blocking conditions is the result of the combined effects of the ice blocking parameters, the cavitation environment and the propeller operating conditions. Under the combined influence of ice blocking effect, proximity effect, propeller suction, reflux zone and the "Pirouette effect", the conjoined vortex between the ice and the propeller blade will be induced and severe fluctuations are caused in the propeller's hydrodynamic performance.

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为了探究阻塞环境对冰区桨水动力和空泡特性的影响,辅助冰区螺旋桨的优化设计,本文在大型循环水槽中搭建冰阻塞环境下螺旋桨水动力性能和空泡特性的测试平台,测量和观察常压和减压状态下不同冰桨阻塞参数时螺旋桨及单桨叶的水动力载荷和空泡形态。试验结果表明:冰阻塞条件下的螺旋桨水动力性能是由冰桨阻塞参数、空泡环境和螺旋桨运行工况综合作用的结果,在冰块阻塞效应和邻近效应、螺旋桨抽吸作用、冰块周围回流区以及“皮鲁埃特效应”综合影响作用下冰块和螺旋桨之间会诱发连体涡空泡并导致螺旋桨水动力性能剧烈波动。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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韩康(1995-),男,博士研究生

叶礼裕(1989-),男,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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Main dimensions of the propeller model

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直径/m叶数盘面比螺距比毂径比后倾角/(°)
0.2540.6990.7750.310
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螺旋桨模型主尺度

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直径/m叶数盘面比螺距比毂径比后倾角/(°)
0.2540.6990.7750.310
), ArticleFig(id=1242129263034433891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129249432306592, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Real ship operating conditions of the propeller model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
0.8R转速空泡数进速系数J实桨转速ns/(m·s-1实船航速Vs/(m·s-1
0.330.3251623.61
0.440.2811412.72
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螺旋桨模型的实船运行工况

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0.8R转速空泡数进速系数J实桨转速ns/(m·s-1实船航速Vs/(m·s-1
0.330.3251623.61
0.440.2811412.72
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Setting of test conditions

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试验工况轴向阻塞L垂向阻塞Z0.8R转速空泡数进速系数J转速nm/(r·s-1水速Vm/(m·s-1
工况1--常压0.2~0.77.77~27.21.36
工况2D/16常压0.28119.361.36
工况3(1/8)D、(2/8)D
(3/8)D、(4/8)D
(5/8)D、(6/8)D
(7/8)DD
D/160.330.32522.151.8
工况42D/160.330.32522.151.8
工况53D/160.330.32522.151.8
工况6D/160.440.28119.361.36
工况72D/160.440.28119.361.36
工况83D/160.440.28119.361.36
), ArticleFig(id=1242129264670212466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129249432306592, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试验工况设置

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试验工况轴向阻塞L垂向阻塞Z0.8R转速空泡数进速系数J转速nm/(r·s-1水速Vm/(m·s-1
工况1--常压0.2~0.77.77~27.21.36
工况2D/16常压0.28119.361.36
工况3(1/8)D、(2/8)D
(3/8)D、(4/8)D
(5/8)D、(6/8)D
(7/8)DD
D/160.330.32522.151.8
工况42D/160.330.32522.151.8
工况53D/160.330.32522.151.8
工况6D/160.440.28119.361.36
工况72D/160.440.28119.361.36
工况83D/160.440.28119.361.36
), ArticleFig(id=1242129264770875764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129249432306592, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Changes of blade thrust and torque

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工况3工况4工况5工况6工况7工况8
ΔKT2.08%4.62%6.20%3.26%4.82%7.15%
ΔKQ5.78%7.62%10.14%3.62%8.87%8.22%
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桨叶推力扭矩变化量

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工况3工况4工况5工况6工况7工况8
ΔKT2.08%4.62%6.20%3.26%4.82%7.15%
ΔKQ5.78%7.62%10.14%3.62%8.87%8.22%
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冰阻塞环境对螺旋桨水动力和空泡影响试验研究
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韩康 1 , 王超 1 , 叶礼裕 1 , 武珅 2 , 熊伟鹏 1
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024,28(1): 81-91
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024, 28(1): 81-91
冰阻塞环境对螺旋桨水动力和空泡影响试验研究
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韩康1, 王超1, 叶礼裕1 , 武珅2, 熊伟鹏1
作者信息
  • 1.哈尔滨工程大学 船舶工程学院,哈尔滨 150001
  • 2.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 韩康(1995-),男,博士研究生

    叶礼裕(1989-),男,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Experimental research on the influence of ice blocking environment on propeller hydrodynamics and cavitation
Kang HAN1, Chao WANG1, Li-yu YE1 , Shen WU2, Wei-peng XIONG1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
  • 2.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
出版时间: 2024-01-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.01.008
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为了探究阻塞环境对冰区桨水动力和空泡特性的影响,辅助冰区螺旋桨的优化设计,本文在大型循环水槽中搭建冰阻塞环境下螺旋桨水动力性能和空泡特性的测试平台,测量和观察常压和减压状态下不同冰桨阻塞参数时螺旋桨及单桨叶的水动力载荷和空泡形态。试验结果表明:冰阻塞条件下的螺旋桨水动力性能是由冰桨阻塞参数、空泡环境和螺旋桨运行工况综合作用的结果,在冰块阻塞效应和邻近效应、螺旋桨抽吸作用、冰块周围回流区以及“皮鲁埃特效应”综合影响作用下冰块和螺旋桨之间会诱发连体涡空泡并导致螺旋桨水动力性能剧烈波动。

冰区桨  /  水动力性能  /  冰阻塞  /  空泡

To explore the influence of the blocking environment on the ice-class propeller's hydrodynamic and cavitation characteristics and to help the optimization design of ice-class propellers, a test platform was built under the ice blocking environment in a large cavitation channel. The hydrodynamic loads of the whole propeller and a single blade were measured while cavitation patterns with different blocking parameters were observed under ambient pressure and depressurized conditions. The test results show that the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller under ice blocking conditions is the result of the combined effects of the ice blocking parameters, the cavitation environment and the propeller operating conditions. Under the combined influence of ice blocking effect, proximity effect, propeller suction, reflux zone and the "Pirouette effect", the conjoined vortex between the ice and the propeller blade will be induced and severe fluctuations are caused in the propeller's hydrodynamic performance.

ice-class propeller  /  hydrodynamics  /  ice blocking  /  cavitation
韩康, 王超, 叶礼裕, 武珅, 熊伟鹏. 冰阻塞环境对螺旋桨水动力和空泡影响试验研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (1) : 81 -91 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.01.008
Kang HAN, Chao WANG, Li-yu YE, Shen WU, Wei-peng XIONG. Experimental research on the influence of ice blocking environment on propeller hydrodynamics and cavitation[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (1) : 81 -91 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.01.008
北极航道的开通使得北极地区科研、经济、军事等方面的战略价值日益凸显,冰区船舶作为极地资源开发利用的重要工具得到广泛的关注和研究[1]。当船舶在冰区作业时,海冰将沿着船体靠近螺旋桨并可能产生阻塞效应,特别当双向破冰船艉部破冰时,阻塞现象频繁发生[2]。海冰造成的阻塞效应直接导致了螺旋桨周围伴流场的峰值、宽度和梯度随时间剧烈变化,造成流场不均匀性加重,引发桨叶水动力性能和空化特性剧烈变化并对船体振动、船上设备和船员作业产生不良影响,威胁船舶航行安全[3]。因此,开展海冰阻塞条件下的螺旋桨水动力性能研究对于正确认识冰桨相互作用机理和指导冰区船舶推进系统的设计具有重要意义。
阻塞情况下的螺旋桨性能研究具有实际的工程应用背景并且考虑到冰桨相互作用的复杂性,环北极国家在实践中大多采用试验方法对这一问题开展研究,取得了较为全面的成果。其中具有代表性的是在20世纪80~90年代,Edwards等[4]发表了加拿大海岸警卫R级破冰船实船和实桨数据,这些宝贵的实尺度数据对后续研究有着重要参考价值。基于此,很多研究人员将该船螺旋桨的缩比模型作为研究对象继续深入开展冰桨相互作用研究,本文试验中采用的模型桨同样是该桨的缩比模型。Walker等[5-7]分别在空泡水筒和拖曳水池中开展了较为全面的R级模型桨和JRPA模型桨的阻塞试验,得出相应结论:阻塞效应将导致螺旋桨推力系数和扭矩系数的增加且推力系数增加幅度更大,也就是说阻塞效应将会提升螺旋桨的推进效率;空化对螺旋桨水动力性能的影响与来流情况有关,在均匀流中,空泡数的降低会导致整个进速范围内螺旋桨推力和扭矩的下降,在阻塞流中,空泡数对螺旋桨水动力性能的影响与进速有关;空化现象增加桨叶推力和扭矩的波动幅值,并且会诱发桨叶载荷的相变。值得一提的是,某些文献的研究结果表明,阻塞效应会导致螺旋桨推进效率的显著下降,因为这些文献提及的推进效率为推进系统总的推进效率,考虑了由流体流过阻塞物引发的钝体阻力和螺旋桨的抽吸作用组成的阻塞力的影响[8]。除非特别说明,本文中的螺旋桨效率指的是螺旋桨敞水效率,不考虑阻塞力的影响。
尽管Walker开展的试验较为全面,但未能记录螺旋桨在空化时的瞬态特征。Doucet等[9]在随后的R级桨模型试验中测量并观测了螺旋桨在重载工况下的空化现象。Sampson等[3810]在纽卡斯尔大学的艾默生空泡水筒中采用非冻结模型冰开展了不同空泡数下的冰桨阻塞试验,探究了桨叶在不同凹槽内的水动力性能变化规律并记录了连体涡空泡现象,验证了桨叶空化效应是研究冰桨相互作用机理的重要因素。武珅等[11-12]开展了冰桨轴向、垂向间距等冰阻塞参数对螺旋桨水动力性能影响的试验研究,试验结果与Walker的结果具有很好的一致性。上述试验较为系统和全面地研究了阻塞和空化对螺旋桨整体水动力性能的影响,但限于测试技术未能分析单片桨叶在不同周向位置的载荷变化以及桨叶表面空泡对单桨叶载荷的影响,尚未清晰揭示阻塞和空化对螺旋桨水动力性能的影响机理。
鉴于此,本文在大型循环水槽中搭建冰阻塞条件下的螺旋桨水动力性能测试平台,通过模型试验手段对比分析阻塞条件下桨叶整体载荷和单叶片载荷的变化规律,在试验结果的基础上,分析阻塞参数和空泡数对螺旋桨水动力性能的影响,为冰阻塞条件下的螺旋桨性能预报提供数据支撑。
如前文所述,为便于对比分析,本文试验采用与Walker试验几何相似的螺旋桨模型,螺旋桨主尺度如表1所示,模型加工误差符合ITTC关于螺旋桨模型空泡试验相关规定[13]。在测量螺旋桨整体载荷时,还进行单片桨叶载荷测试,故对桨叶和桨毂进行单独设计加工并选取单片桨叶连接测力天平,试验模型如图1所示。
试验中的冰阻塞装置如图2所示,该装置能够驱动阻塞冰块在垂向和水平方向上移动,并能记录移动距离,实现不同阻塞工况的调整。为更好地模拟阻塞来流,试验中在来流方向安装有导流罩并对模型冰的夹持机构进行导圆角处理。
本文试验在中国船舶科学研究中心的大型循环水槽中进行,该循环水槽是我国目前规模最大的螺旋桨空泡实验设施,能够精确有效地控制环境压力和流速,确保有效开展本文试验[12]。考虑到大型循环水槽试验温度及其对模型冰力学特性的影响,本文试验选取非冻结模型冰作为试验对象,与冻结冰相比,非冻结模型冰具有力学特性稳定、不易开裂、重复性好等优点,且阻塞状态时冻结冰与非冻结冰对螺旋桨前流场影响的差异较小[14]。试验时的模型冰为尼龙材质,其长度、宽度和厚度分别为250 mm、200 mm和90 mm。
试验中的测力装置如图3所示,动力仪由电机驱动锥齿轮带动桨轴转动。在滑动轴承右侧安装有测力天平,可实现整个螺旋桨推力和扭矩测量,推力和扭矩的量程分别为0~1500 N和0~50 N·m。桨毂内部装有多分力测力天平,主桨叶和多分力测力天平固定连接,其余桨叶根部设有配重结构,与桨毂螺钉固定连接,实现桨毂整体动平衡,多分力测力天平量程分别为TX:0~800 N,TZ:0~800 N,QX:0~30 N·m,QY:0~30 N·m,QZ:0~10 N·m。
本文试验满足ITTC制定的关于螺旋桨水动力和空泡试验的相似准则[15],具体如下:
(1)几何相似
按缩尺比为1:16.46制作螺旋桨模型,二者桨叶轮廓,叶剖面相似。
(2)动力相似
试验中螺旋桨浸没至水面下1.0D,忽略兴波的影响,水动力性能与进速系数J和雷诺数Re有关,即
式中,T为推力,Q为扭矩,D为直径,n为转速,VA为进速,ρ为水的密度,υ为黏性系数,为进速系数J为雷诺数Ref与螺旋桨形状有关。
在本文试验中,用KTKQ分别表示螺旋桨推力系数和扭矩系数,用KTX_BLADEKTT_BLADEKQX_BLADEKQY_BLADEKQZ_BLADE分别表示单桨叶轴向推力系数、切向推力系数以及X方向、Y方向和Z方向的扭矩系数。
(3)粘性力相似
由于模型试验时无法满足雷诺数相等的条件,要求在0.75R处桨叶切面弦长的雷诺数Re(0.75R超过临界雷诺数,即
式中,L0.75R为0.75R处桨叶切面弦长,υ为水的运动粘性系数。
(4)空泡数相似
保证盘面处、桨轴线正上方0.8R半径处的转速空泡数和实船相等[15],即
式中,pa为大气压,p0(0.8R为0.8R处叶剖面在12点钟位置时的静压,Pv为水的汽化压力,ρs为海水的密度,ρm为水的密度,hs为实桨桨轴中心沉深,DsDm分别为实桨和桨模直径,nsnm分别为实桨和桨模转速。
在测试阻塞环境下螺旋桨的水动力性能之前,首先测试均流环境下的螺旋桨水动力性能并与Walker的试验数据进行对比以验证本文试验装置的可靠性。之后在导轨上安装冰阻塞装置并调整其与螺旋桨的相对位置,确保吊舱中心线、冰阻塞装置的中心线和工作段的轴线平行。固定后的桨轴线位于循环水槽中心上方约750 mm处,采用桨轴中心线和桨盘面作为垂向和轴向的基准位置,将桨叶在最大阻塞位置时冰块模型下端面与叶梢之间的距离和冰块模型近桨端面到桨盘面距离分别定义为冰桨垂向和轴向相对位置,如图4所示。
完成冰与螺旋桨的相对位置调整后,选取试验冰区螺旋桨模型的2组实船运行工况[16],如表2所示,进行冰阻塞条件下螺旋桨性能测试。
根据定义转速空泡数来调节循环水槽压力至指定转速空泡数,试验水速则按照进速系数和转速对应调节。分别测量常压、转速空泡数为0.44和转速空泡数为0.33工况下不同冰桨轴向间距时螺旋桨轴向动态力和空泡的变化。试验工况设置如表3所示。
表3中工况1下的螺旋桨水动力性能数据与Walker的试验数据绘制于图5。由图可知,本文试验结果与Walker试验结果具有较好的一致性,在整个进速范围内,推力系数的平均误差小于5%,扭矩系数误差小于6%,说明本文的试验装置和试验数据是合理的。误差来源除试验环境因素外,还可能来自于模型毂径比的差异。Walker试验中螺旋桨模型毂径比为0.27,本文试验是在中空的桨毂中放置测力传感器,毂径比为0.3,略大于Walker试验模型。
图6(a)和图6(b)分别为桨模在空泡数为0.33和空泡数为0.44环境下其推力系数随阻塞参数变化规律曲线。由图6可知,在不同的空泡数下,螺旋桨的推力系数皆随着冰桨轴向间距减小而增加,且冰桨轴向间距越小,增加越明显,这与文献[7]中的结论一致。通过对比图6(a)和图6(b)可以发现在相同的阻塞工况下,推力系数随空泡数的增加而增加,与文献[7]和文献[6]中的结论一致。同时文献[6]指出,在不同的空泡数范围内,螺旋桨水动力性能对压力变化有着不同程度的灵敏度。从图6可以看出冰桨阻塞深度对螺旋桨推力系数的影响与轴向间距有关,当轴向间距小于3D/4时,螺旋桨推力系数随冰桨垂向阻塞深度增加而增加,而当轴向间距超过该范围时,结论与之相反。造成这一现象的原因可能是当轴向间距在3D/4左右时,桨叶叶背空泡导致了螺旋桨水动力性能的变化。
图7(a)和图7(b)分别为螺旋桨模型在空泡数为0.33和空泡数为0.44环境下其扭矩系数随阻塞参数变化规律曲线。与推力系数类似,螺旋桨扭矩系数随冰桨轴向间距的减小而增大,在相同的阻塞工况下扭矩系数随空泡数的增加而增加。由图7可知,在空泡数为0.33时,扭矩系数随垂向阻塞深度的增加而增大,而当空泡数为0.44时,扭矩系数随垂向阻塞深度变化规律受冰桨轴向距离影响。为进一步分析阻塞对螺旋桨整体水动力特性的影响,将推力系数和扭矩系数在整个邻近过程中(从LL/8)的变化量的平均值进行整理,如表4所示。
表4中工况3、4和5以及工况6、7和8下的水动力系数变化量可知,在模型冰与螺旋桨临近过程中,阻塞深度越大,螺旋桨水动力变化越剧烈。在试验的两个空泡数下,临近过程中螺旋桨的效率是下降的。但随着空泡数的增加,效率下降的趋势在减缓,工况7下的推力系数和扭矩系数变化率基本一致,螺旋桨敞水效率变化不大。
以常压状态工况2和减压状态工况6为例,分析阻塞状态下单桨叶各分力之间的关系,如图8所示。由图可知,螺旋桨模型在常压状态和减压状态σ=0.44时,单片桨叶五分力随冰桨间距的变化趋势与螺旋桨整体水动力性能变化趋势相同,皆随着冰桨轴向间距的缩小而增大,但在相同阻塞参数下,各分力之间存在着显著的大小差异。在两种状态下,单桨叶轴向推力均明显大于切向推力,且轴向力约为切向力的1.8倍,单桨叶的垂向扭矩大于轴向扭矩和横向扭矩,垂向扭矩约为轴向扭矩的3.7倍,为横向扭矩的6.4倍。该结论可用于模拟螺旋桨的危险工况并为冰区桨的强度设计提供基本的载荷设定。在图8的基础上,以冰桨轴向间距L/D=1/8、3/8和7/8为研究参数,提取常压状态工况2下螺旋桨在稳定过程中单片桨叶轴向推力系数和垂向扭矩系数的时域变化曲线,如图9所示。同时,以冰桨轴向间距L/D=1/8为研究参数,对比2种压力状态时单片桨叶的时域变化曲线,如图10所示。
图9可知,阻塞状态下的螺旋桨水动力变化特征有明显的周期特性,周期为1/19.36=0.052 s。当冰桨轴向间距固定时,不同周期内的水动力系数波峰幅值变化范围较小,而波谷幅值的波动范围较大,差异存在的主要原因是冰-螺旋桨的干扰过程非常复杂,非阻塞区域内桨叶水动力载荷受冰桨干扰作用明显,同时,与冰块的周期性涡脱落也密切相关[17]。随着冰桨轴向间距减小,单片桨叶推力系数和垂向扭矩系数波峰幅值增大,且波峰附近的波动范围同样增大,波谷幅值同样呈现出了波动范围增大的现象。由此可判断,冰块的阻塞效应越强,桨叶载荷的波动范围越大,载荷越不稳定。但同时可以观察到,当垂向阻塞深度一定时,不同冰桨轴向间距下水动力系数的波峰周期和波谷周期变化不大,波峰占比约为1/5。
图10可知,与常压状态相比,减压下的空泡明显增大了桨叶水动力载荷的波动。在常压时,推力系数和垂向扭矩系数主波峰出现了2个波峰和1个波谷,主波谷上,出现了多个波峰和波谷,但桨叶载荷在不同周期内的差异不大。在减压状态时,推力系数和垂向扭矩系数随时间的周期性变化规律与常压状态时基本相似,但曲线在整个时域内波动幅值较常压更大,载荷更不稳定,特别是在波谷位置的差异更为明显。
表3中的工况8为例分析冰桨轴向间距对螺旋桨空泡形态的影响,通过频闪仪记录轴向间距L/D=1、5/8、3/8和1/8时的桨叶空泡现象,如图11所示。由图可知,随着冰桨轴向间距的减小,处于冰块正后方的桨叶空泡现象加剧,由最初梢涡空泡逐渐发展为叶背片空泡,空泡面积逐渐增大,由叶梢位置向叶根位置扩展,由导边区域向桨叶中部区域扩展。当轴向间距减小到1/8时,阻塞冰块与桨叶之间还出现了连体涡空泡,连体涡空泡与叶背片空泡组合成更大面积的片状空泡从叶背泄出。同时可以观察到,在冰桨轴向位置固定时,处于不同周向位置的桨叶同样具有不同的空泡形态,并且随着轴向距离的减小,不同桨叶间的空泡形态差异愈发明显。由图11(d)可知,桨叶在非阻塞区域和阻塞区域的空泡形态具有较大差别。当桨叶在非阻塞区域时,由于冰块的阻塞效应影响相对较小,此时桨叶主要产生稳定的梢涡空泡,未有连体涡产生。当桨叶旋入阻塞区域时,出现了从冰块端面延伸到叶背的连体涡空泡。
连体涡产生的主要原因是随着冰桨轴向间距的减小,螺旋桨受到的阻塞效应增强,螺旋桨前轴向来流速度减小,在转速不变的条件下,桨盘面实际进速系数降低,桨叶水动力载荷增加,桨叶与模型冰之间的相互干扰持续增大。考虑到螺旋桨抽吸作用的影响,阻塞状态时从冰块两侧进入桨盘面的流体增加。同时,冰块下表面会形成加速区,并在冰块端部形成向上的翻卷[18]。另外,由于冰块为钝体,受模型冰尺度和来流速度影响,可能在其上表面形成回流区。不同区域的流体在冰桨之间发生强烈的耦合作用,可能形成流动迟滞点(流动速度为0的流体层)[19]。流动迟滞点处的流体层在螺旋桨自身旋转的诱导作用下,形成涡旋,然后在“皮鲁埃特效应”(一个体积较大的涡旋在伸展变细的过程中,涡旋核心的旋转不断加快,从而导致漩涡强度不断增加,与“龙卷风”现象相似)的持续作用下,这一涡旋将向螺旋桨延伸,并终结到桨叶上流场压力低的地方,形成连体涡空泡,连体涡空泡的存在使桨叶水动力载荷变得不稳定,与上文图9分析结果一致。
本文在大型循环水槽开展了均流和冰阻塞条件下的螺旋桨水动力和空泡特性试验研究,重点分析了阻塞参数和空泡数对螺旋桨和单片桨叶水动力载荷和空泡形态的影响,试验结果表明冰阻塞条件下的螺旋桨水动力性能是由冰桨阻塞参数、空泡环境和螺旋桨运行工况综合作用的结果,阻塞参数之间存在相互影响,得出的主要结论为:
(1)在均流环境下,本文测试结果与Walker试验结果具有较好的一致性,在整个进速范围内,推力系数的平均误差小于5%,扭矩系数的平均误差小于6%,水动力曲线变化趋势具有一致性,考虑到试验环境和模型毂径比的差异,说明本文试验装置和试验数据是较为合理的。
(2)螺旋桨水动力系数随冰桨轴向间距的减小而增大,在相同的阻塞工况下随空泡数的增加而增加。阻塞深度对水动力的影响与轴向间距和空泡数有关,当轴向间距小于3D/4时,螺旋桨推力系数随冰桨垂向阻塞深度增加而增加,而当轴向间距超过该范围时,结论与之相反。在空泡数为0.33时,扭矩系数随垂向阻塞深度的增加而增大,而当空泡数为0.44时,扭矩系数随垂向阻塞深度变化规律受冰桨轴向距离影响。临近过程中螺旋桨的效率下降,但随着空泡数的增加,效率下降的趋势减缓。
(3)在常压和减压状态下,单桨叶各分力间有明显的差异,在两种状态下,单桨叶轴向推力均明显大于切向推力,且轴向力约为切向力的1.8倍,单桨叶的垂向扭矩>轴向扭矩>横向扭矩,垂向扭矩约为轴向扭矩的3.7倍,为横向扭矩的6.4倍。
(4)阻塞参数和空泡数变化会对螺旋桨水动力系数的波动范围造成影响。冰桨轴向间距减小,单片桨叶推力系数和垂向扭矩系数波峰和波谷幅值增大,波峰附近的波动范围同样增大。当轴向间距较小时,冰块和螺旋桨之间会诱发连体涡空泡,连体涡空泡使得桨叶水动力载荷变得更加不稳定。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51679052; 51639004)
  • 黑龙江省博士后科研启动基金项目(LBH-Q20017)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.01.008
  • 接收时间:2023-07-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-23
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国家自然科学基金项目(51679052; 51639004)
黑龙江省博士后科研启动基金项目(LBH-Q20017)
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    1.哈尔滨工程大学 船舶工程学院,哈尔滨 150001
    2.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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