Article(id=1242129247217717932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242129246575989412, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.01.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1689696000000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774076290182, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1705680000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774076290182, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774076290182, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774076290182, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242129246575989412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='168', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1774076290029, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774080061948, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242145067209666974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242129246575989412, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242145067213861279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1242129246575989412, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=154, endPage=168, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242129247444210353, articleId=1242129247217717932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Analysis of traveling wave mode of a rotating functionally graded joined conical-cylindrical shell with the general boundary condition, columnId=1242129247389684400, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural/Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The joined shell with complex boundary condition is widely employed in the marine propulsion. And the traveling wave mode of the joined shell with rotational motion usually plays an important role in the marine propulsion. For prompting the application of functionally graded materials (FGMs) in ships and ocean engineering, the boundary conditions of a shell structure were simulated by the spring, the dynamical model of the rotating FGMs joined conical-cylindrical shell was derived, and the traveling wave mode of the rotating FGMs joined conical-cylindrical shell was analyzed. Firstly, considering the influence of the Coriolis force and centrifugal force produced by rotation, energy equations of the joined shell with the boundary spring and connecting spring were derived based on the Love’s thin shell theory. Then, the displacement function could be assumed based the Chebyshev polynomial, and the modal frequency equation was derived. Finally, the modal frequency of the traveling wave was solved by the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Based on the convergence analysis, the stiffness values of corresponding springs and the truncated terms of the Chebyshev polynomial were given. The effects of the circumferential wave number, volume fraction exponent, cone angle, rotational speed and the general boundary condition on the traveling wave mode were discussed. Results indicate that the bifurcation behavior with respect to the forward wave and backward wave are notable with the increase of rotating speed; the stiffness of axial spring has a greater effect compared with other springs; compared with the traditional energy method, the efficiency can be reduced for the repeated calculation and the elastic boundary condition has a large influence on the traveling wave mode, meaning the necessity of employing the spring to simulate the boundary condition.

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连接壳结构广泛应用于船舶推进系统中,其边界条件复杂,而且在旋转运动下会产生行波模态,对推进器的动力学性能具有重要影响。为了推进功能梯度材料在船舶海洋工程中的应用,本文通过弹簧模拟壳体结构的边界条件,建立旋转功能梯度锥-柱连接壳的动力学模型,探讨旋转功能梯度锥-柱连接壳的行波模态特性。基于Love薄壳理论,运用弹簧模拟结构两端的边界条件以及圆锥壳和圆柱壳连接界面的连续性条件,推导考虑旋转运动引发的科氏力和离心力的功能梯度连接壳能量方程;以Chebyshev多项式为基底构造位移函数,建立旋转功能梯度连接壳的模态频率方程;利用Rayleigh-Ritz法求解连接壳的行波模态频率;通过收敛性分析确定边界弹簧和接触弹簧的刚度取值范围以及Chebyshev多项式所需要展开的项数;分析环向波数、陶瓷体积分数指数、圆锥角、转速以及任意边界对行波模态频率的影响。结果表明:旋转转速越大,连接壳的前后行波分叉行为越明显;轴向弹簧刚度对行波模态频率影响最大;相比于传统的能量法,采用弹簧模拟边界提高了计算效率,而且连接壳在弹性边界下的行波特性变化较大,说明了采用弹簧模拟任意边界的必要性。

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通讯作者:E-mail:
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张宇航(1998-),男,硕士研究生

刘文光(1978-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者:E-mail:

刘超(1995-),男,博士研究生。

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Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2022, 26(3): 414-425., articleTitle=Study on the modal frequency of a metal-ceramic functionally graded porous cylindrical shell, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242129284387640037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129247217717932, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=04, pageStart=536, pageEnd=543, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=黄小林, 刘思奇, 肖薇薇, journalName=力学与实践, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄小林,刘思奇,肖薇薇,. 弹性地基中含孔隙的功能梯度圆锥壳的振动分析[J]. 力学与实践202143(04): 536-543., articleTitle=弹性地基中含孔隙的功能梯度圆锥壳的振动分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242129284467331814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129247217717932, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=04, pageStart=536, pageEnd=543, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Huang Xiaolin, Liu Siqi, Xiao Weiwei, journalName=Mechanics in Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang Xiaolin, Liu Siqi, Xiao Weiwei, et al. 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caption=两组弹簧刚度()对旋转FGMs锥-柱连接壳行波模态的影响, figureFileSmall=aGU3QY/oyi3Ub+xzb6xhKQ==, figureFileBig=E2lZY+HmPlKgMwYk1sQeDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242129283053851335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129247217717932, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of single boundary spring stiffness coefficients and rotational speed on the traveling wave mode for a rotating FGMs joined conical-cylindrical shell, figureFileSmall=UPw6LyJtEeiC5ETAlfO3fg==, figureFileBig=7cMD+picthsflO+9qPpksw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242129283196457674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129247217717932, language=CN, label=图9, caption=单组弹簧刚度和旋转速度对旋转FGMs锥-柱连接壳行波模态的影响, figureFileSmall=UPw6LyJtEeiC5ETAlfO3fg==, figureFileBig=7cMD+picthsflO+9qPpksw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242129283246789324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129247217717932, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Spring stiffness values with classical boundary conditions

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边界条件/(N·m-1/(N·m-1/(N·m-1/(N·m/rad)
F0000
S0101310130
C1013101310131013
), ArticleFig(id=1242129283313898190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129247217717932, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

经典边界下弹簧刚度值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件/(N·m-1/(N·m-1/(N·m-1/(N·m/rad)
F0000
S0101310130
C1013101310131013
), ArticleFig(id=1242129283376812752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129247217717932, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Convergence analysis of joined shell with free boundary conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
n截断项值AiFEM
6×68×810×1012×1214×14
20.00780.00760.00760.00760.00760.0072
30.02070.02030.02030.02030.02030.0182
40.03730.03690.03690.03690.03690.0329
), ArticleFig(id=1242129283448115922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129247217717932, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

自由边界条件下连接壳频率收敛性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
n截断项值AiFEM
6×68×810×1012×1214×14
20.00780.00760.00760.00760.00760.0072
30.02070.02030.02030.02030.02030.0182
40.03730.03690.03690.03690.03690.0329
), ArticleFig(id=1242129283511030484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129247217717932, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of frequencies of an isotropic cylindrical shell

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件n无量纲频率ϖ
Ref.[7]Ref.[25]Present
C-C60.11060.11060.1107
70.09210.09220.0922
80.08290.08290.0827
S-S60.06580.06580.0658
70.05760.05760.0578
80.05820.05820.0581
), ArticleFig(id=1242129283578139349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129247217717932, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

均质圆柱壳模态频率对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件n无量纲频率ϖ
Ref.[7]Ref.[25]Present
C-C60.11060.11060.1107
70.09210.09220.0922
80.08290.08290.0827
S-S60.06580.06580.0658
70.05760.05760.0578
80.05820.05820.0581
), ArticleFig(id=1242129283674608342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129247217717932, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison of frequencies of forward wave of a rotating isotropic cylindrical shell

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
n
Ref.[26]Ref.[27]Present
20.07420.07560.0749
30.03740.03800.0375
40.02400.02370.0237
), ArticleFig(id=1242129283741717207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129247217717932, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

旋转均质圆柱壳前行波频率对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
n
Ref.[26]Ref.[27]Present
20.07420.07560.0749
30.03740.03800.0375
40.02400.02370.0237
), ArticleFig(id=1242129283859157722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129247217717932, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Comparison of frequencies of backward wave of a rotating FGMs conical shell

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件
Ref.[12]Ref.[28]Present
S-S0.24070.24800.2256
C-C0.24290.25120.2389
), ArticleFig(id=1242129283926266587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1242129247217717932, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

旋转FGMs圆锥壳后行波频率对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件
Ref.[12]Ref.[28]Present
S-S0.24070.24800.2256
C-C0.24290.25120.2389
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任意边界条件下旋转功能梯度锥-柱连接壳行波模态分析
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张宇航 1 , 刘文光 1 , 刘超 2
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2024,28(1): 154-168
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船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2024, 28(1): 154-168
任意边界条件下旋转功能梯度锥-柱连接壳行波模态分析
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张宇航1, 刘文光1 , 刘超2
作者信息
  • 1.南昌航空大学 航空制造工程学院,南昌 330063
  • 2.哈尔滨工业大学 深圳理学院,广东 深圳 150001
  • 张宇航(1998-),男,硕士研究生

    刘文光(1978-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者:E-mail:

    刘超(1995-),男,博士研究生。

通讯作者:

通讯作者:E-mail:
Analysis of traveling wave mode of a rotating functionally graded joined conical-cylindrical shell with the general boundary condition
Yu-hang ZHANG1, Wen-guang LIU1 , Chao LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
  • 2.Graduate School at Shenzhen, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 150001, China
出版时间: 2024-01-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.01.014
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连接壳结构广泛应用于船舶推进系统中,其边界条件复杂,而且在旋转运动下会产生行波模态,对推进器的动力学性能具有重要影响。为了推进功能梯度材料在船舶海洋工程中的应用,本文通过弹簧模拟壳体结构的边界条件,建立旋转功能梯度锥-柱连接壳的动力学模型,探讨旋转功能梯度锥-柱连接壳的行波模态特性。基于Love薄壳理论,运用弹簧模拟结构两端的边界条件以及圆锥壳和圆柱壳连接界面的连续性条件,推导考虑旋转运动引发的科氏力和离心力的功能梯度连接壳能量方程;以Chebyshev多项式为基底构造位移函数,建立旋转功能梯度连接壳的模态频率方程;利用Rayleigh-Ritz法求解连接壳的行波模态频率;通过收敛性分析确定边界弹簧和接触弹簧的刚度取值范围以及Chebyshev多项式所需要展开的项数;分析环向波数、陶瓷体积分数指数、圆锥角、转速以及任意边界对行波模态频率的影响。结果表明:旋转转速越大,连接壳的前后行波分叉行为越明显;轴向弹簧刚度对行波模态频率影响最大;相比于传统的能量法,采用弹簧模拟边界提高了计算效率,而且连接壳在弹性边界下的行波特性变化较大,说明了采用弹簧模拟任意边界的必要性。

功能梯度材料  /  锥-柱连接壳  /  旋转运动  /  任意边界  /  Chebyshev多项式  /  行波模态

The joined shell with complex boundary condition is widely employed in the marine propulsion. And the traveling wave mode of the joined shell with rotational motion usually plays an important role in the marine propulsion. For prompting the application of functionally graded materials (FGMs) in ships and ocean engineering, the boundary conditions of a shell structure were simulated by the spring, the dynamical model of the rotating FGMs joined conical-cylindrical shell was derived, and the traveling wave mode of the rotating FGMs joined conical-cylindrical shell was analyzed. Firstly, considering the influence of the Coriolis force and centrifugal force produced by rotation, energy equations of the joined shell with the boundary spring and connecting spring were derived based on the Love’s thin shell theory. Then, the displacement function could be assumed based the Chebyshev polynomial, and the modal frequency equation was derived. Finally, the modal frequency of the traveling wave was solved by the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Based on the convergence analysis, the stiffness values of corresponding springs and the truncated terms of the Chebyshev polynomial were given. The effects of the circumferential wave number, volume fraction exponent, cone angle, rotational speed and the general boundary condition on the traveling wave mode were discussed. Results indicate that the bifurcation behavior with respect to the forward wave and backward wave are notable with the increase of rotating speed; the stiffness of axial spring has a greater effect compared with other springs; compared with the traditional energy method, the efficiency can be reduced for the repeated calculation and the elastic boundary condition has a large influence on the traveling wave mode, meaning the necessity of employing the spring to simulate the boundary condition.

functionally graded materials  /  joined conical-cylindrical shell  /  rotational motion  /  general boundary condition  /  Chebyshev polynomial  /  traveling wave mode
张宇航, 刘文光, 刘超. 任意边界条件下旋转功能梯度锥-柱连接壳行波模态分析. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (1) : 154 -168 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.01.014
Yu-hang ZHANG, Wen-guang LIU, Chao LIU. Analysis of traveling wave mode of a rotating functionally graded joined conical-cylindrical shell with the general boundary condition[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (1) : 154 -168 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.01.014
作为一种新型复合材料,功能梯度材料(functionally graded materials,FGMs)有望应用于船舶推进系统中连接壳的设计。但是连接壳通常服役于复杂的边界条件环境中并伴随着旋转运动,导致连接壳结构出现行波模态,所以研究任意边界下旋转FGMs连接壳的行波模态对于推进FGMs在船舶推进结构的动力学设计应用具有重要价值。
近些年来,关于FGMs壳的振动问题引起了研究者的广泛关注。基于Rayleigh-Ritz法,刘超等[1-2]推导了内环向加筋FGMs圆柱壳和含孔隙FGMs圆柱壳的模态频率方程,分析了加筋方式、数量、位置及孔隙率对FGMs圆柱壳模态频率的影响。引入弹性支撑,黄小林等[3]采用应力函数法推导了FGMs圆锥薄壳的运动学方程,分析了含孔隙的FGMs圆锥薄壳的振动响应。受实际因素的影响,经典边界通常难以完全实现,众多学者开始致力于研究任意边界条件下壳体结构的振动问题[4-7]。引入人工弹簧技术,Qin等[7]以改进Fourier级数、正交多项式和Chebyshev多项式构造位移函数求解了圆柱壳的自由振动,比较了三者的收敛速度和计算效率,发现Chebyshev多项式具有较高的计算速度。考虑旋转运动时壳体产生的科氏力和离心力,Bryan[8]研究了自旋转圆柱壳的动力学行为。结合改进的Fourier级数法和Rayleigh-Ritz法,李文达等[9-10]分析了弹性边界下旋转薄壁圆柱壳的行波模态特性。利用广义微分求积方法(GDQM)[11],Han等[12]分析了旋转FGMs圆锥壳的动力学特性;Shakouri[13]研究了热环境下旋转FGMs圆锥壳的自由振动。采用Chebyshev多项式描述位移容许函数,刘超等[14]分析了任意边界条件下旋转FGMs层合圆柱壳的行波模态特性,分析表明,旋转运动对壳体结构的模态有很大影响,科氏力导致旋转壳行波模态出现分叉现象。
工程实际中,壳体结构往往以连接壳的形式出现。因此,连接壳结构的振动问题也得到了研究者的关注。Irie等[15]采用传递矩阵法,建立了圆锥-圆柱连接壳体的模态频率方程,求解了不同几何参数下连接壳的模态频率。Bagheri等[16-19]研究了不同边界条件下FGMs圆柱壳、圆锥壳和球壳各种组合壳的模态频率。采用分区广义变分和最小二乘加权残值法,瞿叶高等[20-21]将振动问题转化为满足条件下的无约束泛函变分问题,分析了以圆锥壳、圆柱壳和球壳为单元的单壳与连接壳的自由振动问题。采用改进的Fourier级数法,张帅等[22]研究了锥-柱-球组合连接壳的振动行为。考虑石墨烯增强复合材料和碳纳米管增强材料对壳体结构的作用,研究者探讨了增强复合材料对壳体结构动力学性能的影响。Soureshjani等[23]分析了热效应对碳纳米管增强圆锥-圆锥连接壳动力学行为的影响;Damercheloo等[24]研究了不同边界条件下石墨烯增强复合材料圆锥-圆锥连接壳的自由振动特性。
虽然研究者对连接壳的振动问题进行了广泛的研究,但大多数研究通常关注静态结构下的驻波模态。由于旋转运动下,离心力会产生环向应力,提高结构的刚度;同时,科氏力会导致频率发生分叉现象,产生前后行波模态,并且由于前后行波频率不同,无法再叠加为常规的驻波模态,因此研究旋转结构的振动问题,只能从行波模态的角度出发。本文以旋转FGMs锥-柱连接壳为对象,采用弹簧模拟结构的任意边界条件和接触边界条件,推导连接壳的模态频率方程,探讨不同参数对旋转连接壳行波模态的影响。研究结果可以为FGMs连接壳的动力学设计提供理论支撑。
图1所示,FGMs连接壳由圆锥壳和圆柱壳组成。假设两个柱坐标系(xiθizi)分别建立在圆锥壳和圆柱壳中面上,壳体的厚度均为h,并且壳体绕轴线以恒定角速度Ω旋转。壳体的轴向、环向和法向的位移分别为uiviwi,其下标con、cy分别表示圆锥壳和圆柱壳。以该柱坐标系为参照,圆锥壳小端中面半径为R1,大端中面半径为R2,长度为Lcon,半锥角为α0。相应的圆柱壳中面半径为Rcy=R2,长度为Lcy
圆锥壳和圆柱壳均采用金属陶瓷材料作为梯度组分,采用幂律函数来描述陶瓷材料沿厚度方向上的体积分数[13]
采用Voigt模型,FGMs沿壳体厚度方向的有效参数可以定义为
式中,N表示陶瓷体积分数指数,分别为金属和陶瓷的体积分数,分别为金属和陶瓷的材料属性,Pi为FGMs圆锥壳和圆柱壳的有效材料属性。
因此,FGMs连接壳的材料属性如弹性模量E、密度ρ、泊松比v可分别表示为
式中,下标m、c分别表示金属材料和陶瓷材料。
图2所示,在结构的两端与圆柱-圆锥壳的连接处分别定义了4组连续分布的弹簧,以模拟任意边界条件和连接处的连续性。在xcon=0和xcy=Lcy处设置轴向弹簧、环向剪切弹簧、径向剪切弹簧与扭转弹簧。同样在xcon=Lconxcy=0处设置轴向弹簧、环向剪切弹簧、径向剪切弹簧、扭转弹簧。连接处的位移所满足的连续性条件可表示为
根据Love薄壳理论,连接壳的应变分量与中面位移的关系[22]可定义为
其中,
式中,分别表示壳内任意点沿xiθi方向的正应变;表示xiθi平面内的切应变;分别表示中面应变分量;分别表示中面曲率;Rcon表示圆锥壳中面任意点的半径,定义为关于坐标xcon的函数,ζi表示沿轴向的无量纲坐标,两者分别定义为
根据胡克定律,FGMs连接壳的应力应变关系可表示为
式中,分别表示连接壳任意一点沿xiθi方向的正应变;表示平面内的切应力;j=1,2,…,6;k=1,2,…,6)为简化刚度,表达式为
根据弹性力学,FGMs连接壳的应变能Us可以表示为
式中,ε由中面应变分量和曲率组成,N为简化刚度矩阵,分别表示为
式中,分别表示拉伸刚度、耦合刚度和弯曲刚度,具体表达式为
考虑旋转运动,FGMs连接壳上任意一点的速度矢量可表示为
式中,rcon表示为
壳体旋转时产生的动能K由方程(17)和(18)表示,环向应力产生的初始应变能Uh由方程(19)和(20)表达。根据1.3节中连续性条件,储存在边界弹簧和接触弹簧中的弹性势能Ue可由方程(21)~(23)表达。
式中,上标“⋅”表示对时间的一阶导数;Ω的0次项表示因变形产生的动能;Ω的1次项表示因科氏力产生的动能;Ω的2次项表示因离心力所产生的动能;表示惯性矩,表达式为
需要指出的是,当令转速为0时,结构简化为静止结构,其同样适用于本文的方法进行模态分析。
假设环向波数取n时的位移方程为
式中,表示连接壳的振型函数,ω为角频率。
用Chebyshev多项式展开振型函数以模拟任意边界条件和接触连续性条件:
式中,为待定系数;Ai表示截断项数;Ta表示第一类Chebyshev多项式,具体项数可以进一步表示为
构造拉格朗日能量函数
式中,Kmax分别表示最大动能、最大应变能、最大初应变能和最大弹性势能,
应用Rayleigh-Ritz法,取拉格朗日能量函数关于待定系数的偏导,
式中,
可推出连接壳的模态频率方程为
式中,M1M2K分别表示质量阵和刚度阵。
求解式(32)可得到旋转连接壳的前后行波模态频率。与旋转方向一致且小于0为前行波模态频率,相反为后行波模态频率。为了更好地比较前后行波模态,取前后行波模态频率的绝对值分析。定义无量纲转速和无量纲频率:
式中,ωbωf分别表示连接壳的后行波模态频率和前行波模态频率。
假设FGMs连接壳的几何参数分别取:R1/Rcy=0.4,Lcy/Rcy=2.5,Rcy/h=100,α0=30°。材料参数分别取Em=2.08×1011 Pa,Ec=3.22×1011 Pa,ρm=8166 kg/m3ρc=2370 kg/m3vm=0.3177,vc=0.3。轴向波数m取1。如无特殊说明,以下数值计算取的参数不发生改变。
因模态频率与Chebyshev多项式的截断项数以及弹簧刚度取值有关,图3首先分析了Ω=0时,连接弹簧和边界弹簧刚度值的收敛情况。结果表明,无论是连接弹簧还是边界弹簧,弹簧刚度值大于1012时,模态频率收敛。
本文连接弹簧刚度值取1013,而边界弹簧刚度值为0时视作自由边界;边界弹簧刚度为1013时视作固支边界。因此,改变弹簧的刚度值可模拟不同的边界条件。表1所示是自由(F)、简支(S)、固支(C)各种经典边界对应的弹簧刚度取值。表2分析了自由边界条件下连接壳(R1/Rcy=0.4226,Rcy/Lcy=1,Rcy/h=100,α0=30°,Em=2.11×1011 Pa,ρm=7800 kg/m3vm=0.3)的无量纲模态频率ϖ
结果表明,壳的模态频率随截断项数的增加逐渐趋于收敛。所以,后续分析过程中取截断项值Ai=10。
将连接壳简化为静态均质圆柱壳、旋转均质圆柱壳和旋转FGMs圆锥壳以验证模型的有效性。表3对比了不同边界均质圆柱壳(Lcy/Rcy=2,Rcy/h=500,Em=7.102×1010 Pa,vm=0.3,ρm=2796 kg/m3)的模态频率。表4显示了简支边界下旋转均质圆柱壳(Lcy/Rcy=5,R2/h=500,Ωd=0.0013,Em=1.6806×1011 Pa,vm=0.3,ρm=3000 kg/m3)的前行波模态频率变化情况。通过与文献[12]微分求积法(DQM)和文献[28]广义微分求积法(GDQM)所得结果的对比,表5分析了旋转FGMs圆锥壳(Lcon/R1=2.5,R1/h=20,Ωd=0.025,n=1,α0=45°,N=1)的后行波模态频率随圆锥角的变化情况。
结果表明,本文计算结果和文献吻合性良好,说明了理论模型的合理性。同时,对于不同边界条件只需要改变弹簧的刚度取值,就可大大降低构造满足边界条件的位移函数的复杂性。
图4比较了Ωd=0.003时不同边界条件下旋转FGMs连接壳行波模态随环向波数的变化。结果表明,后行波频率始终大于前行波频率,两种频率均随着波数的增大呈先减小后上升趋势。在C-C和S-S边界下,结构最低的频率都出现在环向波数取5的情况,而对于F-C边界,则出现在取值为3时。后续研究中,为了避免结构发生低频共振,选用对应最小频率下的波数进行分析。
图5分别比较了Ωd=0.001、0.003、0.005时,体积分数指数对FGMs锥-柱连接壳前后行波模态频率的影响。结果表明,前后行波模态频率都随体积分数指数N的增大呈下降趋势。这是由于N越大,壳体中的陶瓷含量降低,结构刚度下降。随着转速的增大,后行波模态频率上升,前行波模态频率下降,前后行波的分叉越发明显。在F-C边界条件下,前后行波模态频率随转速和体积分布指数变化最小。可以发现,当N>5后,频率变化对陶瓷体积分数的敏感度进一步降低,即对于旋转FGM结构,通过调节N的大小可以在不改变结构模态频率的基础上,得到工程中所需要的材料性能,如陶瓷含量增加所提高的耐热性、金属含量增加所提高的耐腐蚀性。
图6研究了圆锥角α0=30°、45°、60°时转速对前后行波模态频率的影响。结果表明,不同边界条件下,模态频率对于锥角的敏感程度为:F-C>S-S>C-C。在F-C边界条件下,前行波的模态频率随转速的增大而下降,并将出现零频率。因此,实际中考虑F-C边界条件下,转速不宜取过大,从而避免结构失稳。不同于F-C边界,C-C和S-S边界条件下,前行波模态频率随转速增大先下降后上升。
工程实际中,结构所处的边界非常复杂,因此接下来分析任意边界下连接壳的行波模态。取Ωd=0.003,图7图8分别研究了时,由F-F边界变化到S-S边界连接壳前后行波模态频率的变化和时,由S-S边界变化到C-C边界连接壳前后行波模态频率的变化。结果表明,环向弹簧和径向弹簧对旋转FGMs连接壳的行波模态影响类似。当弹簧刚度取10-4~106时,结构的行波模态几乎不受影响。而当刚度在106~1012时,前后行波模态频率呈线性上升的趋势,最后收敛在1013处。行波模态在取10-4~108时,取10-4~104时,轴向弹簧和扭转弹簧的共同作用几乎不受影响。在取108~1012以及取104~108时,结构的行波模态频率快速上升,且最终分别收敛于1013、109,因此轴向弹簧的收敛速度要远低于扭转弹簧,其对结构行波模态的影响远大于扭转弹簧。可以看出,在弹性边界时,结构行波模态变化明显,因此采用弹簧模拟边界条件是必要的。
图6可知,转速对壳体的行波模态影响明显,因此图9探究了转速和单组弹簧刚度共同影响下,旋转FGMs锥-柱连接壳的行波模态变化。除所讨论的边界弹簧刚度外,其他边界弹簧刚度值取1013
分析发现,轴向弹簧对连接壳的行波模态影响最大,环向弹簧对连接壳的行波模态作用最小,而径向弹簧和扭转弹簧所产生的效果类似。相比后行波模态,前行波模态对边界弹簧刚度更为敏感,在弹簧刚度取106~1012时,模态频率呈现显著上升的趋势。随着转速的提高,后行波模态一直呈现上升态势。对于前行波模态,频率总是先减小,而当转速高于0.004时呈现增大趋势。在改变环向、径向以及扭转弹簧刚度时,旋转FGMs锥-柱连接壳行波模态频率主要受转速的影响。而在轴向弹簧与转速共同作用时,轴向弹簧对连接壳的行波模态起主要作用。
本文采用弹簧模拟旋转FGMs锥-柱连接壳的任意边界条件和连接条件,推导了旋转连接壳在考虑科氏力和离心力作用下任意边界条件的理论模型,利用Chebyshev多项式和Rayleigh-Ritz法求解了结构的行波模态频率,分析了各种参数对行波模态的影响。主要结论如下:
(1)采用人工弹簧技术,有效实现了实际工程中的弹性边界,在计算求解过程中,相比于传统能量法,减少了大量重复的计算,提高了计算效率。
(2)随着陶瓷体积分数的增大,旋转FGMs锥-柱连接壳前后行波模态频率呈现下降趋势,当N>5后,行波模态频率的变化趋势逐渐平缓;工程实际中,可以通过合理设计N以突出梯度材料组分中某一材料的优越性能。
(3)由F-F边界过渡到S-S边界,环向弹簧刚度和径向弹簧刚度对结构行波模态的影响趋势基本一致,且行波模态收敛所对应的弹簧刚度都为1013;由S-S边界过渡到C-C边界,轴向弹簧刚度相对扭转弹簧刚度对结构行波模态的影响更明显,弹簧刚度分别取后,行波模态频率趋于收敛。
(4)针对短薄连接壳结构,轴向弹簧刚度对其行波模态影响最为显著,而轴向弹簧相较于转速对行波模态又有更显著的影响;在临界转速之前,前行波模态频率呈下降趋势,之后上升;当结构在临界转速工况下,前行波模态频率最小,结构更容易发生失稳,实际中应该避免临界转速的工况。
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2024年第28卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.01.014
  • 接收时间:2023-07-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-19
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51965042)
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    1.南昌航空大学 航空制造工程学院,南昌 330063
    2.哈尔滨工业大学 深圳理学院,广东 深圳 150001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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