Article(id=1241023040289566855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1241023036892172648, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726588800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812549898, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812549898, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812549898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812549898, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023036892172648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='11', pageStart='1663', pageEnd='1826', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812549088, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812775651, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241023987245970093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1241023036892172648, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241023987245970094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1241023036892172648, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1793, endPage=1804, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023044395790507, articleId=1241023040289566855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=A fast well relocating optimization method of semi- submersible platform based on greedy algorithm, columnId=1241023038716694896, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanic, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the process of oil and gas development, semi-submersible platforms operate relocation between wells by retracting and releasing mooring chains. In this paper, a fast well relocating optimization method of semi-submersible platform based on greedy algorithm was proposed in view of the traditional method that cannot obtain relocation strategy quickly. Three sets of relocation operations were selected in this study, an optimization analysis of relocation strategy was carried out for windlasses normal operation and windlasses failure operation. The results show that under normal operation, the optimized strategy has a significant improvement in terms of optimization effect and calculation cost compared with the original strategy and the best strategy. Under windlasses failure operation, it shows that the feasibility of relocation is closely related to the distance and direction of the relocation operation. A comparison of relocation strategy was made between the normal operation and the windlasses failure operation, it was found that the retracted length of the mooring chains and the number of operating steps increased under windlasses failure operation, and the stability keeps changing with different working conditions.

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在海上油气生产过程中,半潜式平台通过各系泊链的收放实现水下井口间的移井操作。本文针对传统移井方法无法快速获得有效移井方案的难点,提出了一种基于贪心算法的半潜式平台快速移井优化方法。针对三组现场移井操作方案,开展锚机正常工作和锚机故障下的移井方案优化分析。结果表明锚机正常工作状况下,优化方案与原始方案和遗传算法获得的全局最优方案相比,在优化效果和计算成本方面得到显著提升。锚机失效情况下,移井操作的可行性与移井距离和移井方向密切相关。将锚机失效情况下的移井方案与正常工作下的移井方案进行分析比较,发现锚机失效后移井操作的系泊链收放长度及操作步数均有不同程度的增加,平稳程度随工况不同变化趋势不唯一。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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黄龚赛(1996-),男,博士研究生

武文华(1973-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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figureFileBig=d1zN7od4zjc3dJZh4ksv0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241766160887251037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023040289566855, language=CN, label=图8, caption=移井路线轨迹图, figureFileSmall=tnEww+oYsXpcTEws6RM02A==, figureFileBig=d1zN7od4zjc3dJZh4ksv0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241766160958554207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023040289566855, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Adjustable lengths of each mooring chain at different wells, figureFileSmall=94T0iC4cwD95RlZPNtlG+A==, figureFileBig=pWqXuoBuzjGw5Q4BNrPFAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241766161046634595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023040289566855, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同井口下各系泊链的可调长度, figureFileSmall=94T0iC4cwD95RlZPNtlG+A==, figureFileBig=pWqXuoBuzjGw5Q4BNrPFAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241766161138909287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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Main parameters of FPS at South China Sea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值参数数值
总长/m102.4主甲板高度/m39.6
型宽/m76.5作业工况吃水/m22.8
艏艉立柱中心线距离/m68.6相对于基线重心高度/m21.7
左右舷立柱中心线距离/m59.4排水量/t28 250.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241766161394761845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023040289566855, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

南海某半潜式平台主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值参数数值
总长/m102.4主甲板高度/m39.6
型宽/m76.5作业工况吃水/m22.8
艏艉立柱中心线距离/m68.6相对于基线重心高度/m21.7
左右舷立柱中心线距离/m59.4排水量/t28 250.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241766161491230843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023040289566855, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Main parameters of mooring lines

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境平台锚链悬挂钢缆卧地锚链锚端钢缆
系泊链重量/(103 kg·m-1空气中0.2740.07070.3690.0707
水中0.3160.08410.4140.0842
系泊链长度/m220.98502.92609.60121.92
), ArticleFig(id=1241766161679974529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023040289566855, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

系泊链参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境平台锚链悬挂钢缆卧地锚链锚端钢缆
系泊链重量/(103 kg·m-1空气中0.2740.07070.3690.0707
水中0.3160.08410.4140.0842
系泊链长度/m220.98502.92609.60121.92
), ArticleFig(id=1241766161763860617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023040289566855, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of the calculation results by different methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比项移井操作
C5-B6D2-C1D5-A1
计算耗时(计算方案/原始方案)---
计算耗时(计算方案/最优方案)869.88%2757.05%9903.60%
平稳程度(计算方案/原始方案)71.10%90.26%75.02%
平稳程度(最优方案/计算方案)10.28%0.40%3.03%
), ArticleFig(id=1241766161872912526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023040289566855, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同方法计算效果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比项移井操作
C5-B6D2-C1D5-A1
计算耗时(计算方案/原始方案)---
计算耗时(计算方案/最优方案)869.88%2757.05%9903.60%
平稳程度(计算方案/原始方案)71.10%90.26%75.02%
平稳程度(最优方案/计算方案)10.28%0.40%3.03%
), ArticleFig(id=1241766161986158739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023040289566855, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Adjustability analysis of each mooring chain to each well

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系泊链序号主要移井方向(ψηξ系泊链序号主要移井方向(ψηξ
121°37.67%0.26741.33%0.26
250°50.00%0.40836°49.00%0.33
378°89.00%0.99979°92.67%0.92
474°89.67%0.841059°51.33%0.55
548°52.67%0.471119°37.00%0.26
622°42.67%0.33
), ArticleFig(id=1241766162086822040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023040289566855, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各系泊链至各井口的可行性参数分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系泊链序号主要移井方向(ψηξ系泊链序号主要移井方向(ψηξ
121°37.67%0.26741.33%0.26
250°50.00%0.40836°49.00%0.33
378°89.00%0.99979°92.67%0.92
474°89.67%0.841059°51.33%0.55
548°52.67%0.471119°37.00%0.26
622°42.67%0.33
), ArticleFig(id=1241766162174902429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023040289566855, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Relative increments in mooring chain retraction and release length,number of steps and smoothness when the anchor fails compared to normal conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
操作失效锚机序号对比项
系泊链收放长度操作步数平稳程度
C5-B6#117.53%12.73%-4.02%
#241.06%29.09%-24.38%
#545.57%38.18%-28.92%
#633.43%27.27%-30.87%
#744.90%38.18%-31.13%
#825.39%20.00%-38.65%
D2-C1#314.48%12.37%-12.19%
#418.62%16.49%-23.13%
#919.91%17.53%-11.22%
D5-A1#321.42%9.42%260.25%
#424.96%11.60%61.50%
), ArticleFig(id=1241766163764543651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023040289566855, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

相较于正常工况,当锚机失效时系泊链收放长度、操作步数和平稳程度的相对增量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
操作失效锚机序号对比项
系泊链收放长度操作步数平稳程度
C5-B6#117.53%12.73%-4.02%
#241.06%29.09%-24.38%
#545.57%38.18%-28.92%
#633.43%27.27%-30.87%
#744.90%38.18%-31.13%
#825.39%20.00%-38.65%
D2-C1#314.48%12.37%-12.19%
#418.62%16.49%-23.13%
#919.91%17.53%-11.22%
D5-A1#321.42%9.42%260.25%
#424.96%11.60%61.50%
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基于贪心算法的半潜式平台快速移井优化方法研究
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黄龚赛 1 , 武文华 1, 2
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025,29(11): 1793-1804
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025, 29(11): 1793-1804
基于贪心算法的半潜式平台快速移井优化方法研究
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黄龚赛1, 武文华1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.大连理工大学 工业装备结构分析优化与CAE软件全国重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024
  • 2.大连理工大学 宁波研究院,浙江 宁波 315000
  • 黄龚赛(1996-),男,博士研究生

    武文华(1973-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
A fast well relocating optimization method of semi- submersible platform based on greedy algorithm
Gong-sai HUANG1, Wen-hua WU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
  • 2.Ningbo Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315000, China
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.012
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在海上油气生产过程中,半潜式平台通过各系泊链的收放实现水下井口间的移井操作。本文针对传统移井方法无法快速获得有效移井方案的难点,提出了一种基于贪心算法的半潜式平台快速移井优化方法。针对三组现场移井操作方案,开展锚机正常工作和锚机故障下的移井方案优化分析。结果表明锚机正常工作状况下,优化方案与原始方案和遗传算法获得的全局最优方案相比,在优化效果和计算成本方面得到显著提升。锚机失效情况下,移井操作的可行性与移井距离和移井方向密切相关。将锚机失效情况下的移井方案与正常工作下的移井方案进行分析比较,发现锚机失效后移井操作的系泊链收放长度及操作步数均有不同程度的增加,平稳程度随工况不同变化趋势不唯一。

半潜式海洋平台  /  移井操作  /  贪心算法  /  锚机失效

In the process of oil and gas development, semi-submersible platforms operate relocation between wells by retracting and releasing mooring chains. In this paper, a fast well relocating optimization method of semi-submersible platform based on greedy algorithm was proposed in view of the traditional method that cannot obtain relocation strategy quickly. Three sets of relocation operations were selected in this study, an optimization analysis of relocation strategy was carried out for windlasses normal operation and windlasses failure operation. The results show that under normal operation, the optimized strategy has a significant improvement in terms of optimization effect and calculation cost compared with the original strategy and the best strategy. Under windlasses failure operation, it shows that the feasibility of relocation is closely related to the distance and direction of the relocation operation. A comparison of relocation strategy was made between the normal operation and the windlasses failure operation, it was found that the retracted length of the mooring chains and the number of operating steps increased under windlasses failure operation, and the stability keeps changing with different working conditions.

semi-submersible floating platform  /  well relocating operation  /  greedy algorithm  /  windlass failure
黄龚赛, 武文华. 基于贪心算法的半潜式平台快速移井优化方法研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (11) : 1793 -1804 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.012
Gong-sai HUANG, Wen-hua WU. A fast well relocating optimization method of semi- submersible platform based on greedy algorithm[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (11) : 1793 -1804 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.012
半潜式平台作为一种海上油气生产设备,具有抗风浪能力强、稳定性好等优点,广泛应用于深水和超深水海域[1-2]。为提高海上油气资源的产量,常在同一海域钻设多个井口,通过锚机调节各系泊链的长度实现平台在各井口间移井作业[3]。当平台受台风等影响时,需要将平台移到中心井位。
目前,半潜式平台移井方案主要有两种。一种是依赖历史数据和人员经验制定移井方案,此方法缺乏理论依据,且需要各部门共同讨论实施,耗费大量的人力成本,若移井方案选取不当易造成平台倾角过大,发生稳性失效;另一种是利用全局优化算法计算获得最优移井方案,此方法精度虽高,但计算时间较长,移井方案计算效率低,影响生产进度。
在移井过程中,将采用悬链线控制方程计算系泊恢复力,通过调节系泊链长度微调平台位置。Dat[4]通过改变系泊长度调整平台位置,确保钻井船的立管处于钻井和修井作业的安全范围内。Rodrigues等[5]提出了一种由可移动浮动涡轮机组成的风电场布局优化策略,可同时优化每根系泊链的长度和风力涡轮机位置,以获得最大的产能。Ali[6]基于系泊控制方程对海上浮式风机偏航定位系统(Yaw and induction-based turbine repositioning,YITuR)进行评估,利用仿真计算,获得发电效率最优情况下的系泊长度及平台位置。Skjetne等[7]基于悬链线控制方程提出了一种适用于浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating production storage and offloading,FPSO)的推进器辅助系泊定位方法,以此实现移井定位,同时可避免因服役过程中系泊链张力过大而引发的系泊失效。郭强[8]和秦川[9]分别以系泊造价成本最小和系泊恢复力最大为目标函数,基于遗传算法开展不同井口下的系泊长度优化。Nguyen等[10-13]将不受风、浪、流和推进力作用的平台平衡位置定义为井口零点,并基于系泊控制方程计算了FPSO移井前后井口零点位置与系泊张力变化。
贪心算法由Herbert A. Simon于1956年提出,其核心思想是在每一步选择中都采取当前状态下的最优选择,以期望最后得到全局最优解(这种算法在每一步都采取局部最优策略,依靠每一步的贪心选择来快速得到一个解决方案)。贪心算法具有计算高效、易于现场实施等优点,能很好地解决海洋工程领域的优化问题。
本文依托于某半潜式平台开展快速移井优化方法研究,形变基于多成分悬链线控制方程,建立了不同井口下系泊链长度与顶张力的关系数据集。将平台移井过程中的平稳程度作为优化指标,基于贪心算法构建快速移井优化模型。从历史移井数据中选取三组移井操作开展快速移井优化研究,分别从优化效果和计算成本两方面进行比较分析。同时还考虑了随服役年限增加锚机可能存在的失效问题,开展了针对单一锚机故障下不同井口下移井方案的可行性研究。利用贪心算法计算获得不同锚机故障下的移井优化方案,并与锚机正常工作下的移井优化方案进行比较分析。
图1为快速移井优化模型计算流程图,共分为三步。第一步,基于多成分悬链线控制方程构建各井口下系泊链长度与受力的关系集。第二步,根据锚机安全状况,判断当前井口位置进行移井操作的可行性,若能满足正常移井操作需求,则以系泊链总收放长度最短为原则选取各系泊链的收放长度。第三步,以移井过程中平台平稳程度作为目标函数,利用贪心算法优化移井路线,从而获得完整的移井方案。
在半潜式平台服役过程中,为降低系泊成本和重量,多成分系泊系统成为运用最广泛的系泊方式[14]。假定单根系泊链位于同一平面内,以系泊链所在平面与海床面交线为x轴,垂直海床面为y轴,以系泊链与海床端固定点为坐标原点O,建立如图2所示的坐标系。基于悬链线法的多成分系泊链的控制方程组[15]如下:
其中,Lii=1,...,m)为各段系泊链的长度,m为系泊链的成分数,LmcLmr分别为提起段和拖地段的系泊链长度,θii=1,...,m)是各段系泊链顶部与x轴的夹角,θm+1为触地点与x轴的夹角,为0°,T为系泊链顶端切线方向的顶部张力,QT的水平分量,wii=1,...,mc)为各段系泊链在水中的重量,SiHii=1,...,m,cmr)分别为各段系泊链在水平方向和垂直方向(水深方向)的投影长度。
为确保系泊链的各参数符合真实构型且满足平台设计要求,引入约束方程组
式中:Lallow HallowSallow分别为LHS允许达到的最大长度。
结合文献[16]中的求解方法,可计算得到所有满足设计要求的系泊链长度L和所对应的顶张力T及水平分力Q
半潜式平台采用多点式系泊固定[17],当平台在各个井口处的顶张力和水平分力处于平衡状态时,才能保证平台能准确移至目标井口。基于上述约束条件,可构建目标井口下所有满足要求的系泊链长度Lk和所对应的顶张力Tk及水平分力Qk的关系集,其中k为系泊链的序号。
在移井过程中,为保证平台安全,同一时刻仅收放一根系泊链,单次收放长度为Δl。为尽可能地减少系泊链收放步骤,以移井前后系泊链收放总变化量最小作为目标,井口处各系泊链长度的控制标准有
式中:s为系泊链总数;Lk,BLk,Ak=1,...,s)分别为移井前井口B处及移井后井口A处的k号系泊链长度。
系泊链的收放顺序将影响平台的移井路线,当移井路线选择不当时,会直接影响平台的平稳程度。为了在紧急情况下快速获得合理有效的移井方案,本文结合贪心算法对移井路线进行优化。
在移井过程中,系泊链的收放会使平台倾角发生较大变化。为避免整个移井过程中过大的倾角变化对平台安全造成威胁[18],选取平台平稳程度作为衡量整个移井路线的优劣指标,即整个移井过程中平台对角立柱吃水变化的最大差值f[19],计算公式为
式中:α为系数;δdaf,0、δdafjδdafh分别为0、jh时刻平台对角立柱间的吃水差的较大值,其中h为最后到达目标井口时刻。为方便计算δdaf,0,常取当0,δdafj计算由下式给出[20]
其中,Δ为移井前的平台排水量,D为平台移井前的吃水值,分别为平台移井前的横稳性和纵稳性,δθδφ分别为由收放系泊链引起的横倾角和纵倾角变化,xyz分别为移井前平台重心的横坐标、纵坐标及垂向坐标值,δPkk号系泊链收放前后的重量变化,收为正,放为负,δdFP,jδdFS,jδdAP,jδdAS,j分别船艏左舷、右舷和船艉左舷、右舷的吃水增量,L为船长,B为船宽,xkykzk分别为锚链舱的横坐标、纵坐标及垂向坐标值。
图3为基于贪心算法的移井路径优化示意图,选取j时刻进行研究[21]。由前一时刻(j-1时刻)的计算可知j时刻平台的浮态、系泊受力和系泊链剩余可调长度。根据贪心算法的计算原理对1至s号的系泊链进行逐一调节,获得共sj+1时刻的平台的浮态,从中选取该时刻平稳程度最优的收放序号作为j时刻系泊链的收放序号。重复此步骤,可获得整个移井过程的移井路线。
本文以南海某半潜式平台为例开展研究分析,平台采用双浮筒八立柱的主体结构形式,其浮体主要参数如表1所示[22]
图4所示,平台系泊系统采用11根系泊链非对称布置,其初始艏向角设置为307°(方位角定义为正北0°,正东90°)。每根系泊链由四成分组成,从平台至海床分别为平台锚链、悬挂钢缆、卧地锚链和锚端钢缆,各段参数如表2所示[23]。平台底部海床上钻设4片井口区域,由25个A-D编号井口与1个中心井口组成,两排井口呈前后排布,朝向为305°,如图5所示。
为验证贪心算法优化的可行性,从历史记录中选取三组距离为短(C5-B6)、中(D2-C1)、中长(D5-A1)的移井操作进行计算,将计算方案分别与遗传算法[24]算得的全局最优方案[8-9]和现场采用的原始方案[25]进行对比分析。
本文基于南海某平台实际移井状况,选取操作均值1.5 m作为系泊链的单次收放长度,在硬件环境为Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-10400F CPU @ 2.90 GHz,8.0GB RAM的计算机上进行优化计算。图6为三种方案的平稳程度曲线,通过对比C5-B6、D2-C1、D5-A1三组移井操作,发现相对于原始方案,贪心算法在移井过程中的平稳程度分别提高了71.10%、90.26%和75.02%,得到了显著改善。在计算成本方面,遗传算法需要分别迭代5、12、4步后,其平稳程度才优于贪心算法,此时遗传算法耗费的计算时长为贪心算法的8.69、27.57和99.03倍。图7展示了遗传算法的收敛过程,经过100次迭代后,结果分别收敛于0.0497 m、0.0692 m和0.0991 m,与计算方案相比,平稳程度仅改善了10.28%、0.40%和3.03%,优化效果甚微,而计算成本远高于本文所提方法,详细计算结果如表3所示。
图8给出了平台在计算方案下的移动轨迹,终点与目标井口B6、C1和A1的距离分别差0.471 m、0.128 m和0.235 m,均在平台作业所容许的位置偏差范围内。
移井操作的可行性与系泊链的可调长度及两井口间的位置密切相关[26]。当锚机发生故障时,系泊链无法进行调节,若此时目标井口距离过大,将无法实施移井操作。因此,需要针对不同锚机的故障情况开展移井可行性分析。
图9展示了1号和4号系泊链在各井口处的可调长度,图中A、B、C、D为各井口区域,横坐标分别代表各井口编号。以1号系泊链为例,图中立柱长度代表系泊链的可调范围,柱底与柱顶数值分别代表平台锚链在该井口处可放出的最小长度L1min和最大长度L1max。两柱间的纵轴重叠部分为可调交集(红色虚线),若系泊长度位于交集内,则在移井操作时无需调节该号系泊长度即可将平台移至目标井口。因此该可调交集可作为锚机失效时系泊链长度的选取原则,即当锚机发生故障时,若两井口间存在可调交集,则认为可进行移井操作,否则无法实施移井操作。
对比图9可知,井口间存在可调交集的概率和长度与故障锚机编号和移井路线密切相关。为了量化不同锚机发生故障时移井操作的可行性,定义ψ为主要移井方向,即故障锚机的锚链与井口排布方向的夹角,无量纲量η为可移率,ξ为移井最远距离比(ηξ∈[0,1])。ηξ越大,表明对应锚机失效时平台移井的可行性概况越高。其中ηξ的表达式如下:
式中:ηii=1,2,...,11)为不同平台锚链在两井口间的存在可调交集的总数,N为所有井口间存在移井可能的总数,本文取300,ξmax为存在可调交集的两井口的最大距离,D为所有井口间的最大距离,即A6井口至C7井口的距离。
表4对移井操作的可行性进行了详细的总结,由表可知平台锚链的整体可调范围受夹角ψ所影响,ψ越小,顶张力水平分力分解至移井方向上的力越大,在同等受力下,平台沿目标井口移动的距离越大,导致各井口间的可调交集越少,平台锚链的整体可调范围越大;反之则平台锚链的整体可调范围越小。因此当故障锚机的方向与主要移井方向平行时,则需要优先考虑1、6、7、11号系泊链对移井操作可行性的影响,其次是2、5、8、10号系泊链,最后考虑3、4、9号系泊链;当故障锚机的方向与主要移井方向垂直时,则需要优先考虑3、4、9号系泊链对移井操作可行性的影响,其次考虑2、5、8、10号系泊链,最后考虑1、6、7、11号系泊链。此结论可用于紧急情况下平台移井方案的制定,并为平台锚机安全维护顺序提供指导。
为了研究锚机失效对移井操作的影响,本节针对单一锚机失效情况下上述三组移井操作的移井优化方案进行分析。
表5给出了相较于正常工况,当锚机失效时不同移井参数(包括系泊链收放长度、操作步数和平稳程度)的相对增量。其中,正常工况下C5-B6、D2-C1和D5-A1的移井参数已由第二章给出,即图6中的蓝线。由表可知锚机失效情况下移井操作的可行性与移井距离和移井方向密切相关,距离越小,移井操作的可行性越高,且故障系泊链与移井方向一致时,移井操作的可行性越低。C5-B6移井距离较短,1、2、5、6、7、8号锚机发生故障时均可实施移井操作。D2-C1移井距离适中,3、4和9号锚机发生故障时均能实施移井操作。D5-A1移井距离较长,仅在2和3号锚机发生故障时能实施移井操作。
当锚机失效时,整体的系泊链收放长度及操作步数都有不同程度的增加。在C5-B6和D2-C1移井过程中,平台的平稳程度均明显降低,而在D5-A1操作中则明显增加。主要原因是在C5-B6和D2-C1移井过程中,各系泊链的顶张力整体减小,使得平台在整个移井过程中的横倾和纵倾角度降低,从而提高了整体的平稳程度,移井过程更加安全。而在D5-A1移井过程中,系泊链的顶张力整体增大,使得平台在整个移井过程中的横倾和纵倾角度增大,从而降低了整体的平稳程度,移井过程更加危险。锚机失效时的平稳程度曲线如图10所示。
本文依托于某半潜式平台,以移井过程中平台的平稳程度为优化指标,基于贪心算法获得快速移井优化方案。选取三组现场移井方案,分别与遗传算法获得的全局最优方案和现场采用的原始方案进行比较。与原始方案相比,本文计算方案的平稳程度分别提高了71.10%,90.26%和75.02%。与最优方案相比,计算时长降低了8.69、27.57和99.03倍。综合考虑优化效果和计算成本,本文所用方法具有较强的优势。
结合不同锚机失效情况,对移井方案可调性进行分析,将两井口间的可调交集作为锚机失效时系泊链长度的选取原则。锚机失效情况下移井操作的可行性与移井距离和移井方向密切相关,当故障锚机的方向与主要移井方向平行时,则需要优先考虑1、6、7、11号系泊链对移井操作可行性的影响,其次是2、5、8、10号系泊链,最后考虑3、4、9号系泊链。
当故障锚机的方向与主要移井方向垂直时,考虑顺序相反。利用贪心算法计算锚机失效下的移井优化方案,与正常工作下的移井方案进行分析比较,发现锚机失效后移井操作的系泊链收放长度及操作步数均有不同程度的增加,平稳程度受系泊顶张力的影响有增有减。
目前,移井操作均选取在静态的海况下进行,我国南海海洋环境恶劣,一年可进行移井操作的天数屈指可数,下一步将开展考虑环境荷载影响的移井方法研究。
  • 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFA1003501)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(12432005)
  • 航空科学基金资助项目(2022Z061001)
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2025年第29卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.012
  • 接收时间:2024-09-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-18
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国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFA1003501)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(12432005)
航空科学基金资助项目(2022Z061001)
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    1.大连理工大学 工业装备结构分析优化与CAE软件全国重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024
    2.大连理工大学 宁波研究院,浙江 宁波 315000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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