Article(id=1241023039861747845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1241023036892172648, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747065600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812549795, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812549795, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812549795, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812549795, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023036892172648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='11', pageStart='1663', pageEnd='1826', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812549088, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812775651, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241023987245970093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1241023036892172648, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241023987245970094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1241023036892172648, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1699, endPage=1709, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023043972165796, articleId=1241023039861747845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Technical deconstruction and preliminary realization of cloud-based CFD prediction software for ship performance, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Computational bottlenecks and geographical restrictions can be effectively overcomed by cloud-enabled CFD software, while collaborative resource sharing is promoted through integrated cloud ecosystems. This paper investigated the cloud-based application of CFD software for predicting added resistance and motion response of surface ships, utilizing a Browser/Server (B/S) architecture. The study presented an overall architecture for the cloudification of large-scale CAE software, along with component-based flow construction, web-based lightweight CFD data techniques. Key challenges in the cloudification of ship CFD software, including efficient allocation of computing resources, complex human-computer interactions, and effective cloud-based CFD data visualization, etc., had been addressed. In this research, ship CFD software was transitioned from local installations to cloud-based solutions, enabling user interaction through browser interfaces and computations are performed on server nodes. This work provides valuable insights and a reference framework for the cloud-based deployment of other CAE softwares.

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船舶性能CFD预报软件的云化应用能够有效解决线下计算资源瓶颈和时间地域限制等问题,并有利于汇聚众多软件资源,营造众创共享的生态。本文聚焦水面船舶波浪增阻与运动响应预报场景,开展基于B/S架构的CFD软件云化应用研究,给出了大型CAE软件云化的总体架构,突破了流程搭建与组件集成技术和CFD模型Web端数据轻量化技术难点,解决了船舶CFD软件云化过程中涉及的计算资源调度、复杂人机交互和CFD数据云可视化等问题,实现了船舶CFD软件由本地版本到云化版本的转变,实现了用户浏览器界面交互、求解在服务器计算节点完成的应用模式。本文船舶性能CFD预报软件的云化应用,可为其他CAE软件的云化应用提供参考。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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刘思源(2000-),男,硕士研究生

李胜忠(1980-),男,博士,研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:

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Data architecture, development architecture and physical architecture of large-scale CAE software

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
视图核心部件主要功能
数据架构数据源层、数据接入层、数据存储层、数据处理层支持高效的CAE数据访问和处理
开发架构安全接入层、前端展示层、前后端通信层、架构服务治理层、外部服务适配层根据Vue、WebGL、Nginx、PostgreSQL和Oracle等技术栈,形成总体架构的技术方案
物理架构控制节点、Web服务节点、组件节点、文件存储节点、可视化节点等合理划分和配置不同的节点,实现对计算资源、数据、服务和功能的高效管理
), ArticleFig(id=1241766160786592210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023039861747845, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大型CAE软件云化的数据架构、开发架构与物理架构

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
视图核心部件主要功能
数据架构数据源层、数据接入层、数据存储层、数据处理层支持高效的CAE数据访问和处理
开发架构安全接入层、前端展示层、前后端通信层、架构服务治理层、外部服务适配层根据Vue、WebGL、Nginx、PostgreSQL和Oracle等技术栈,形成总体架构的技术方案
物理架构控制节点、Web服务节点、组件节点、文件存储节点、可视化节点等合理划分和配置不同的节点,实现对计算资源、数据、服务和功能的高效管理
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船舶性能CFD预报软件云化的技术解构与初步实现
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刘思源 , 李胜忠 , 梁川 , 鲍家乐 , 赵峰
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025,29(11): 1699-1709
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025, 29(11): 1699-1709
船舶性能CFD预报软件云化的技术解构与初步实现
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刘思源, 李胜忠 , 梁川, 鲍家乐, 赵峰
作者信息
  • 中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 刘思源(2000-),男,硕士研究生

    李胜忠(1980-),男,博士,研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Technical deconstruction and preliminary realization of cloud-based CFD prediction software for ship performance
Si-yuan LIU, Sheng-zhong LI , Chuan LIANG, Jia-le BAO, Feng ZHAO
Affiliations
  • China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.004
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船舶性能CFD预报软件的云化应用能够有效解决线下计算资源瓶颈和时间地域限制等问题,并有利于汇聚众多软件资源,营造众创共享的生态。本文聚焦水面船舶波浪增阻与运动响应预报场景,开展基于B/S架构的CFD软件云化应用研究,给出了大型CAE软件云化的总体架构,突破了流程搭建与组件集成技术和CFD模型Web端数据轻量化技术难点,解决了船舶CFD软件云化过程中涉及的计算资源调度、复杂人机交互和CFD数据云可视化等问题,实现了船舶CFD软件由本地版本到云化版本的转变,实现了用户浏览器界面交互、求解在服务器计算节点完成的应用模式。本文船舶性能CFD预报软件的云化应用,可为其他CAE软件的云化应用提供参考。

CFD软件  /  云计算  /  云化应用

Computational bottlenecks and geographical restrictions can be effectively overcomed by cloud-enabled CFD software, while collaborative resource sharing is promoted through integrated cloud ecosystems. This paper investigated the cloud-based application of CFD software for predicting added resistance and motion response of surface ships, utilizing a Browser/Server (B/S) architecture. The study presented an overall architecture for the cloudification of large-scale CAE software, along with component-based flow construction, web-based lightweight CFD data techniques. Key challenges in the cloudification of ship CFD software, including efficient allocation of computing resources, complex human-computer interactions, and effective cloud-based CFD data visualization, etc., had been addressed. In this research, ship CFD software was transitioned from local installations to cloud-based solutions, enabling user interaction through browser interfaces and computations are performed on server nodes. This work provides valuable insights and a reference framework for the cloud-based deployment of other CAE softwares.

CFD software  /  cloud computing  /  cloudification
刘思源, 李胜忠, 梁川, 鲍家乐, 赵峰. 船舶性能CFD预报软件云化的技术解构与初步实现. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (11) : 1699 -1709 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.004
Si-yuan LIU, Sheng-zhong LI, Chuan LIANG, Jia-le BAO, Feng ZHAO. Technical deconstruction and preliminary realization of cloud-based CFD prediction software for ship performance[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (11) : 1699 -1709 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.004
随着现代制造业的快速发展,CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)软件在产品设计和分析中的重要性日益凸显,然而传统CFD软件面临计算资源需求高、硬件成本大、协作效率低、应用知识传承困难等问题,限制了其应用场景。而云技术可以实现软件计算资源按需配置、跨平台应用、多用户协同、数据积累沉淀等,且正加速推动工业软件应用模式的转型。因此,开展CFD软件云化应用研究显得尤为重要。
近年来,CFD软件云化已成为全球CAE(Computer Aided Engineering)产业布局的热点方向[1-2]。国外CAE软件厂商Ansys收购云仿真服务商Onscale获取核心技术,并与亚马逊云科技AWS达成战略合作,增强其CFD软件的云化服务能力。在开源生态领域方面,Simscale[3]、CAEplex[4]等云平台展开初步探索,提供与传统商业软件差异化的云产品。上述这些实践为CAE领域从本地化部署向云端迁移提供了早期技术验证,标志着CAE软件应用模式的云端转型。
国外相关研究非常关注云端CFD计算集群的性能问题。Runchal[5]认为CFD软件将采用云化架构,求解器也应适配云环境的硬件。Taylor等[6]设计和实现了一个CFD仿真云平台,创建一个基于云的CFD软件TransAT,从三个案例比较研究证明了CFD云仿真性能不输于本地集群。Mesnard等[7]研究了云计算的可再现性,确认微软Azure的最新HPC节点能够替代传统现场HPC集群,基于云的CFD研究是可靠的。Murad[8]提出,CFD高性能计算集群将经历从本地到云的范式转变。Kumar[9]比较了CFD软件Ansys CFX在不同云实例Intel和AMD中的性能,研究了基于工作负载的时间和成本花费最优的计算实例与服务组合。
国内已开始尝试引入云技术解决部分CFD应用问题。陈树生等[10]鉴于大型CFD软件在开发过程中存在沟通不畅、代码迭代困难与算例验证繁重等情况,开发了CFD软件自动化验证确认云端工具。林高锋[11]采用云技术实现了研发过程中多版本解算器参数管理与部署,解决了平台之间互通问题。赵正彬等[12]提出了基于超融合架构的船舶云设计平台概念,测试结果表明该架构读写性能相较于传统架构有所提升。
上述研究表明CFD软件云化应用刚刚起步,大多聚焦云端性能、云端管理等共性技术,而面向船舶工程需求的云端适配、船舶水动力学与云技术的交叉领域等问题缺乏系统性的研究,CFD软件云化的关键技术尚不清晰,完整实现云化应用的能力仍有欠缺。
本文研究按以下脉络展开:首先,给出了大型CAE软件云化的总体架构,该架构通过构建云端开发环境,为后续关键技术与云化实践奠定基础;其次,系统性地分析了CFD软件云化的技术,在此基础上以自主研发的CFD软件为载体,针对波浪增阻与运动响应预报场景,详细阐述了流程搭建与组件集成技术、CFD模型数据Web端轻量化技术的实现路径;最后,通过案例演示了初步实现的云化应用,验证该应用在消除计算资源瓶颈、无感软件更新及支持多用户并发等方面的核心云端优势。
CAE软件云化应用需以云原生架构为技术底座,通过服务化改造实现CAE软件的弹性部署,同时构建浏览器交互界面支持轻终端访问。中国船舶科学研究中心自主研发了大型CAE软件云化的总体架构,初步建立了云化大型CAE软件的环境。该总体架构是本文开展云化应用的研究基础,下面将从逻辑架构、运行架构、开发架构、数据架构和物理架构等多个角度介绍,其中逻辑架构与运行架构如图1所示。
逻辑架构确保了CAE用户、云化工程师与管理员等角色与云端的有机交互。组件系统部署于云端,提供通用的组件库,支持组件的快速开发和复用。编排系统支持云化工程师通过可视化工具开发计算流程,实现任务的自动化编排和执行。运行系统负责CAE用户任务的提交和执行,包括任务调度、资源管理和结果展示等功能,确保了任务的高效执行。管理系统负责云端的整体管理,包括管理用户权限、资源分配和任务监控等功能。逻辑架构定义了总体架构的主要功能模块及其相互关系,为其他架构的进一步细化奠定基础。
运行架构描述了CAE软件在云端的作业执行过程与资源调度机制。用户可在浏览器终端完成应用流程开发、上架、发布与提交作业,数据总线负责任务的调度、参数管理和资源分配等云端与浏览器端间的数据传输与资源管理,组件节点负责云端的网格生成、求解计算和结果后处理等具体计算任务的执行。运行架构确保了平台的高性能和高可用性,为CFD软件的云化应用提供了稳定、高效的计算环境。其他架构的核心部件与主要功能如表1所示。
该总体架构通过逻辑架构、运行架构、数据架构、开发架构和物理架构的协同工作,具备初步的CAE软件云化应用能力。逻辑架构和运行架构确保了总体架构的高效计算和任务调度,数据架构、开发架构和物理架构则为总体架构的数据管理、技术实现和硬件部署提供了一定支持。然而,总体架构在计算资源动态调度、功能模块协同集成及数据交互效率等方面仍存在不足,需分析船舶性能CFD预报软件云化的技术,以提升其对复杂船舶工程场景的适应性。
船舶性能CFD预报软件是船舶工程领域的核心分析工具,主要用于评估快速性、耐波性及操纵性等水动力性能。其典型特征表现为三方面:第一,操作使用需要深厚的船舶流体力学专业知识;第二,高精度数值求解过程需消耗大量计算资源;第三,流场可视化等后处理环节需处理海量仿真数据。针对专业性强、计算密集、数据流量大等本地CFD软件特征,还需突破如下的关键技术问题,才能实现服务化交付、资源弹性、高并发处理的CFD软件的云化应用:
(1)解决CFD云化中的计算资源动态调度难题——资源配置与总线智能调度技术
云计算的弹性资源扩展特性为CFD软件提供了海量算力的供给能力,但传统云资源分配机制存在静态配置问题——无法感知船舶CFD任务的计算特征(如网格规模、计算复杂度),导致高性能节点可能被分配给低负载的前处理任务,而CPU密集型求解任务却可能受限于普通节点的性能。因此需根据船舶性能CFD预报软件的特性,确保高性能计算节点优先分配给合适的任务,自动调整资源使用,改进智能调度算法以适应不同类型软件的个性化需求等。
上述策略可以归纳为关键技术——资源配置与总线智能调度技术,通过RabbitMQ消息队列、Consul服务中心与数据总线等云服务,实现云化船舶性能CFD预报软件的动态部署优势,为其提供随需而至的硬件资源,提高资源的利用率。
(2)突破单机CFD多工况计算的串行瓶颈——多任务/多工况云端并行计算技术
船舶多工况CFD性能预报需处理航速、船型参数等大量工况组合,传统单机模式因硬件资源限制,面临多工况串行计算耗时剧增、重复配置工况环境的痛点。虽然云端节点并行计算能解决单机计算速度瓶颈,但是目前缺少对应的任务分解算法,无法将相同计算过程(如计算工况、算法模块)提取为独立子任务,根据任务特性和节点资源情况,动态调整任务拆解的粒度。
多任务/多工况云端并行计算技术是解决上述计算任务分解、子任务节点调度、读写通信瓶颈等问题的关键技术,通过MPI等通信库将多个计算节点协同并行加速,使得云端计算速度显著快于本地。
(3)应对大型CFD软件与云端服务化适配的挑战——流程搭建与组件集成技术
云端服务化要求软件功能以轻量级模块独立部署,能够弹性利用云端资源、提高启动和响应速度。然而,大型CFD软件的前处理、求解器、后处理等模块高度集成,不符合云计算的轻量级、微服务趋势,因此造成CFD软件与传统云架构之间的适配困难。
此外,传统CFD软件由于用户建模、网格划分和选择计算参数等操作,需要实时交互、长期交互,这些都对云化CFD软件的数据传输、前后端开发提出很高的要求。将尽量多的交互实现自动化并封装到功能模块中,能够降低交互频率和强度,进一步减少云化遇到的困难。
因此将软件功能模块、固定交互封装为组件,通过各个组件的集成实现云化的CFD流程,形成流程搭建与组件集成技术。流程搭建与组件集成技术为船舶性能CFD预报软件提供了必要的网格自动生成、CFD求解等定制化组件以及通用组件开发的功能,是开展船舶性能CFD预报软件云化应用不可或缺的关键技术。
(4)减轻CFD数据在云端高并发的传输压力——CFD模型Web端数据轻量化技术
CFD软件庞大的可视化输出文件造成数据传输、前端渲染困难。CFD瞬时模型文件通常包含大量数据,累计传输的文件量可达几十GB。以标准模型DTMB5415的船舶波浪增阻与运动响应CFD云化应用为例,计算包含多个航速点、多个波浪条件工况的结果数据甚至可达TB量级。网络带宽的长期占用不仅增加时间成本与数据传输失败风险,更会导致用户查看结果时浏览器卡顿甚至崩溃。因此,CFD模型Web端数据轻量化技术是实现船舶CFD软件云化应用的关键技术之一。
综上所述,资源配置与总线智能调度、多任务/多工况云端并行计算、流程搭建与组件集成、CFD模型Web端数据轻量化是云化船舶性能CFD预报软件的关键技术。前两项关键技术已有一定的技术积累和解决方案,因此不是本文的研究重点。后两项关键技术则与船舶性能CFD预报软件密切相关,亟待解决以实现云化应用,下面将详细介绍这两项关键技术。
流程搭建与组件集成技术是实现CFD软件云化应用的主线。其思想是将大型CFD软件复杂的功能拆解为独立、可复用的模块,并在云端(后端)开发组件服务以执行计算任务、在用户端(前端)构建界面实现人机交互,并集成为完整的大型CFD软件云化应用。如图2所示,其主要步骤为:(1)软件的模块化和流程化;(2)软件模块的组件服务化;(3)服务封装组件;(4)组件编排为流程;(5)流程页面设计等。其中前两步涉及到云端,是软件云化的难点,因此下文以自研CFD软件用于船舶的波浪增阻与运动响应预报场景为例,重点介绍软件的模块化和流程化与软件模块的组件服务化。
此CFD软件的模块化和流程化过程可以概括为:(1)计算方案制定模块:负责输入实船主尺度与虚拟试验参数;(2)网格自动生成模块:实现船型文件上传与前处理;(3)静水求解模块:输出多航速工况下的阻力系数及纵倾/垂荡运动时历曲线;(4)波浪条件求解模块:待船模运动稳定后造波,生成特定航速下不同波浪环境的阻力系数与运动响应时历曲线;(5)后处理模块:通过时域数据分析输出波浪增阻及纵倾/垂荡值。各功能模块通过标准化数据接口实现CFD预报的流程化协同,该方法既提升用户操作的直观性,又促进云化软件的功能扩展,降低了后续云服务化的难度。
CFD软件的组件服务化,本质是将各功能模块转化为可独立运行的网络服务。以复杂的CFD求解为例,其服务化过程通过将软件模块(如求解器)与输入输出接口、网络通信协议、云资源调度逻辑封装为标准化服务单元,如图3所示,这些服务在浏览器端能具现化为组件,所以称其为组件服务。通过组件服务的RESTful API接口,用户可直接在浏览器端调用CAE计算功能,同时支持多服务协同(如网格生成与求解器自动衔接)。如图4所示,组件服务可动态部署至多个计算节点,实现资源弹性分配与任务调度,从而解决计算资源获取问题,该过程具体由资源配置与总线智能调度技术实现。
组件服务化过程中,CFD求解模块的长计算周期与复杂数据交互带来了显著的后端管理挑战。由于单个仿真任务可能持续数天,需设计长期监控机制,后台进程持续解析求解器生成的中间文件,如阻力时历曲线、运动响应时历曲线,并向前端动态更新可视化结果;同时实时读取进度文件以判断任务状态(计算中/成功/失败),发现异常时自动保存进度或重启任务,确保计算可靠性。针对多用户并发场景,系统通过版本控制策略管理数据流,避免操作冲突。
针对波浪增阻与运动响应预报涉及的多航速、多波浪条件计算需求,云端服务采用分级监控机制,如图5所示。主监控进程负责启动并管理多个子监控进程,每个子进程对应单一工况任务。主进程实时汇总各子进程状态,精确跟踪当前计算工况、总体进度及数据完整性,在工况切换时严格校验结果传输,防止不同工况间的数据干扰。这种架构确保多工况任务有序执行,例如,当某工况因网络波动中断时,主进程可单独重启其对应的子进程,而其他工况不受影响。
最终,该组件服务化方案通过API封装、资源动态调度与多级监控机制,成功解决了CFD求解器云化过程中的问题,浏览器端一键操作降低了专业软件的交互门槛,监控机制保障了长周期计算的稳定性,多进程协同管理支撑了复杂工况流程。
流程搭建与组件集成技术是CFD软件云化的核心路径,通过后端服务化重构解决传统大型CFD软件与云架构的适配矛盾。该技术将高度集成的前处理、求解器等模块拆解为独立云服务,并通过标准化接口实现组件间的协作,既满足云端快速响应需求,又能通过组件动态组合构建灵活的CFD任务流程。在前端交互层面,Vue.js等成熟框架已实现基础服务调用与界面交互功能,而更深层的CFD数据可视化与浏览器端的实时交互瓶颈,需依赖下文将展开的Web端数据轻量化技术突破。
针对CFD计算结果海量数据可视化过程中的交互瓶颈,本文采用瞬时模型区域剪裁、衍生变量实时计算、计算精度与分辨率适配压缩等处理方式实现数据轻量化,具体步骤为:
1)对CFD瞬时模型文件进行动态解析与精简,如图6所示。提取初始时刻的网格结构(节点坐标、单元连接关系)及基础物理量(压力、速度等),并将其转换为通用等值面网格格式。后续时间步仅记录节点位移增量、压力变化等动态数据,避免重复存储静态网格信息。同时,基于流场特征分析,删除对船舶性能影响甚微的冗余区域网格,如船舶甲板面以上区域、船舶艏部沿船长方向至流体域前端的区域、船舶内部区域等,显著降低数据存储规模。
2)采用衍生变量按需计算与角点数据动态重构等方式减少数据的存储量。其一,针对流线、迹线等衍生变量,采取“存储基础量+实时计算衍生量”的模式,仅持久存储节点序号、位移、压力等基础物理量,当用户需要查看流线或迹线分布时,该模式通过内置算法实时生成衍生变量,有效避免预存庞杂数据。其二,减少CFD原始数据中角点数据的存储,采用基于单元中心点的数据存储策略——原始数据仅记录单元中心点的物理量,如图7所示。渲染水面波形等值面时,系统通过节点平均算法(结合形函数插值)动态计算角点数据,并基于动态三角化算法,利用相邻时刻中心点自适应重构网格拓扑结构,既能跟踪波浪形态的动态演变,又能减少数据存储空间。
3)引入精度适配的有损压缩技术。CFD软件客户端展示的分辨率对数值精度的要求通常低于计算精度要求,因此有损压缩并不影响可视化的效果。云服务器保存结果文件,根据数值精度要求对转换得到的目标展示数据进行有损压缩处理,传输压缩数据至客户端既满足精度要求,又提升传输效率,优化了存储和计算资源的利用率。
通过上述数据轻量化方法,可以大幅减少水面船舶波浪增阻与运动响应CFD软件云化过程中存储的数据量。以某一工况下的标准模型DTMB5415为例,计算单条航速曲线(包含5个航速点的某波浪环境工况)需要占用的存储空间大约为50 GB,采用数据轻量化方法可以将其数据量压缩至24 GB,压缩率接近50%。
经过对两大关键技术的具体分析可以得出,两者针对CFD软件进一步完善了总体架构中的开发架构和数据架构。可以说,流程搭建与组件集成技术是船舶性能CFD预报软件云化的主线,CFD模型数据Web端轻量化技术是结果数据可视化的保障,而资源配置与总线智能调度技术是计算资源供给的基础,多任务/多工况云端并行计算技术是计算任务的加速器,扩展了运行架构和物理架构对CFD软件的适配。
通过解构并应用上述云化技术,浏览器端用户界面能够调用云端组件服务,执行并渲染显示计算结果,标志着初步实现CFD软件在水面船舶波浪增阻与运动响应预报场景的云化应用。该软件的操作使用包括5个过程:①船舶主参数及虚拟试验设置;②网格划分;③静水试验求解;④波浪增阻及运动响应求解;⑤后处理。计算节点配置为Win7 Intel(R)Xeon(R)Gold 6238R CPU @ 2.19 GHz(56核)内存128 GB。
图8所示,初始输入界面为用户提供明确的操作引导。以DTMB5415标准船模为例,用户需在“实船主尺度信息”区域准确填写船舶名称、船长、型宽等关键参数;在“虚拟试验方案”部分输入缩尺比、水温、航速等试验参数。点击“特征参数计算”按钮后,界面右侧自动显示弗劳德数(Froude),便于用户验证试验设置。航速设置支持生成等间距序列或自定义加密特定航速范围。完成设置后点击“保存”,前端输入参数将传输至后端存储,浏览器实时反馈保存状态。
网格划分界面如图9所示。用户上传船型文件后,点击“网格生成”按钮,内嵌的CAE可视化窗口将接收系统后端返回的网格文件URL,实时渲染生成的三维网格模型,为后续计算提供支撑。
该CFD软件求解过程(图10~11)包含静水与波浪求解两个阶段,需待船舶在静水中航行一定时间稳定后再施加波浪。静水求解阶段需设置单航速计算步数,通过“开始计算”与“终止计算”按钮控制进程。界面实时显示当前计算步数、日志信息、响应曲线及流场可视化结果。图中CtmHmθ分别为模型的总阻力系数、垂荡与纵倾角,t为开始计算的时间。系统支持后台持续计算,即使关闭浏览器仍可保持任务执行。波浪求解界面在静水求解功能基础上增加波长、波幅输入框,支持多工况批量设置(不同参数间用分号“;”分隔),实现多种波浪条件的连续计算。
后处理阶段实现多工况结果分析及船模-实船数据换算。如图12所示,波幅为0.025时的计算结果展示了波浪增阻及纵倾角等关键参数的输出形式,体现船舶在该波浪条件下的耐波性。
该云化版本水面船舶波浪增阻与运动响应CFD预报软件的优势得到如下充分体现:硬件资源按需供给,彻底消除计算资源瓶颈;CFD软件更新用户无感知,显著节约维护部署时间成本;云端共享和应用并发消除了线下工作站排时等待,支持多用户线上同时访问和发布任务,减少了等待时间,不受时间地点限制。
本文针对船舶性能CFD预报软件,提出大型CAE软件云化的总体架构及关键技术,重点阐述流程搭建与组件集成、CFD模型Web端数据轻量化技术的实现路径,基于水面船舶波浪增阻与运动响应CFD预报场景,完成软件云化验证,得出以下结论:
(1)给出了大型CAE软件云化的总体架构,围绕逻辑架构、数据架构、开发架构、运行架构和物理架构五个核心视图,系统描述总体架构功能模块和技术实现。各视图之间相互协同,共同支撑总体架构的高效运行和灵活扩展,为CFD软件的云化应用奠定了环境基础。
(2)提出了CFD软件云化的关键技术。资源配置与总线智能调度技术解决CFD云化中的计算资源动态调度难题;多任务/多工况云端并行计算技术突破了单机CFD多工况计算的串行瓶颈;流程搭建与组件集成技术改进了大型CFD软件与云端服务化的适配问题;CFD模型Web端数据轻量化技术减轻了CFD数据在云端高并发的传输压力。
(3)流程搭建与组件集成技术是总体架构的核心,也是水面船舶波浪增阻与运动响应CFD预报软件云化应用的主线。该技术依据流程自动化与交互封装原则,将本地软件转变为组件服务,降低了大型CFD软件的云化难度;该流程通过网格自动生成、静水求解、波浪求解和后处理组件服务的逐次计算机制,保证了计算结果在不同计算节点的一致性。
(4)通过CFD模型Web端数据轻量化技术实现存储空间优化。采用冗余去除、有损压缩等方法,将该软件围绕DTMB5415算例的CFD模型数据存储空间由50 GB压缩至24 GB,显著缓解了Web端数据传输与可视化压力。
(5)初步实现CFD软件在水面船舶波浪增阻与运动响应预报场景的云化应用,形成五步标准化操作流程:船舶主参数及虚拟试验设置-网格划分-静水试验求解-波浪增阻及运动响应求解-后处理。
上述的大型CAE软件云化的总体架构以及模块化设计、组件服务化和前端浏览器可视化方法,同样能够应用于其他CFD软件,对于船舶流体、结构问题乃至其他CAE软件的云化应用也有一定参考意义,达到了突破计算资源瓶颈、随时随地发布计算任务的预期效果。后续将继续研究该软件的多工况并行计算,扩大云化应用在资源科学调度上的优势。
  • 船舶CEA研发应用项目
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2025年第29卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.004
  • 接收时间:2025-05-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-13
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船舶CEA研发应用项目
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    中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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