Article(id=1241023039039664248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1241023036892172648, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747497600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812549599, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812549599, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812549599, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812549599, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023036892172648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='11', pageStart='1663', pageEnd='1826', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812549088, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812775651, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241023987245970093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1241023036892172648, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241023987245970094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1241023036892172648, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1734, endPage=1745, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023039232602236, articleId=1241023039039664248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Fatigue life prediction method for ship structures based on spectral loading and improved unique curve model, columnId=1241023038716694896, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanic, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Ship structures operate continuously in the marine environment, where they are prone to fatigue crack growth (FCG) under complex alternating loading, therefore it is of great significance to accurately predict the FCG and ensure the safety of structures. In this paper, the load spectrum constructed by the spectral method was combined with an improved unique curve crack growth model, and a method was proposed to more accurately predict the FCG in the near-threshold regime for ship structures under spectral loading. A balcony opening corner in a cruise ship was taken as an example; the method for determining the shape exponents in the improved model was given, the FCG of this structure under spectral loading was predicted, and the effects of the initial crack length and crack growth model on the FCG were discussed. The results show that the prediction method can more accurately predict the FCG in the near-threshold regime, and the prediction result is more conservative than that predicted by the unique curve model recommended in the regulations of CCS. The method presented in this paper can also provide a reference for the fatigue life assessment of other marine structures.

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船舶结构长期运行于海洋环境中,因承受复杂的交变载荷而易发生疲劳裂纹扩展,故准确预报船舶结构的疲劳裂纹扩展对保证结构安全具有重要意义。本文结合基于谱分析法构建的载荷谱和改进单一曲线裂纹扩展模型,提出了一种更为精确预报船舶结构含近门槛区疲劳裂纹扩展的方法;并以某邮轮阳台开口角隅为例,给出了改进单一曲线模型中形状指数的确定方式,预报了该结构在谱载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展,分析了初始裂纹大小、裂纹扩展模型等对裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明,本文提出的预报方法能更精确预报含近门槛区的裂纹扩展,且较CCS规范中推荐的单一曲线模型的预报结果更保守。本文的方法亦可为其它船海结构物的疲劳寿命评估提供参考。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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孙力(1994-),男,博士,工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

廖舒婷(1996-),女,硕士,助理工程师

黄小平(1963-),男,副教授

张兆龙(1996-),男,硕士,助理工程师

王凡超(1987-),男,研究员。

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Material properties of AH36

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E /GPaC0*m0
2064144944.745E-82.55356.8
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AH36钢材料性能

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E /GPaC0*m0
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基于谱载荷和改进的单一曲线模型的船舶结构疲劳寿命预报方法
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孙力 1 , 廖舒婷 1 , 黄小平 2 , 张兆龙 1 , 王凡超 1
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025,29(11): 1734-1745
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025, 29(11): 1734-1745
基于谱载荷和改进的单一曲线模型的船舶结构疲劳寿命预报方法
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孙力1 , 廖舒婷1, 黄小平2, 张兆龙1, 王凡超1
作者信息
  • 1.中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院,上海 200011
  • 2.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
  • 孙力(1994-),男,博士,工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

    廖舒婷(1996-),女,硕士,助理工程师

    黄小平(1963-),男,副教授

    张兆龙(1996-),男,硕士,助理工程师

    王凡超(1987-),男,研究员。

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Fatigue life prediction method for ship structures based on spectral loading and improved unique curve model
Li SUN1 , Shu-ting LIAO1, Xiao-ping HUANG2, Zhao-long ZHANG1, Fan-chao WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Marine Design and Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200011, China
  • 2.State Key Lab of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.007
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船舶结构长期运行于海洋环境中,因承受复杂的交变载荷而易发生疲劳裂纹扩展,故准确预报船舶结构的疲劳裂纹扩展对保证结构安全具有重要意义。本文结合基于谱分析法构建的载荷谱和改进单一曲线裂纹扩展模型,提出了一种更为精确预报船舶结构含近门槛区疲劳裂纹扩展的方法;并以某邮轮阳台开口角隅为例,给出了改进单一曲线模型中形状指数的确定方式,预报了该结构在谱载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展,分析了初始裂纹大小、裂纹扩展模型等对裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明,本文提出的预报方法能更精确预报含近门槛区的裂纹扩展,且较CCS规范中推荐的单一曲线模型的预报结果更保守。本文的方法亦可为其它船海结构物的疲劳寿命评估提供参考。

谱载荷  /  改进单一曲线模型  /  近门槛区  /  阳台开口角隅  /  裂纹扩展预报

Ship structures operate continuously in the marine environment, where they are prone to fatigue crack growth (FCG) under complex alternating loading, therefore it is of great significance to accurately predict the FCG and ensure the safety of structures. In this paper, the load spectrum constructed by the spectral method was combined with an improved unique curve crack growth model, and a method was proposed to more accurately predict the FCG in the near-threshold regime for ship structures under spectral loading. A balcony opening corner in a cruise ship was taken as an example; the method for determining the shape exponents in the improved model was given, the FCG of this structure under spectral loading was predicted, and the effects of the initial crack length and crack growth model on the FCG were discussed. The results show that the prediction method can more accurately predict the FCG in the near-threshold regime, and the prediction result is more conservative than that predicted by the unique curve model recommended in the regulations of CCS. The method presented in this paper can also provide a reference for the fatigue life assessment of other marine structures.

spectral loading  /  improved unique curve model  /  near-threshold regime  /  balcony opening corner  /  fatigue crack growth prediction
孙力, 廖舒婷, 黄小平, 张兆龙, 王凡超. 基于谱载荷和改进的单一曲线模型的船舶结构疲劳寿命预报方法. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (11) : 1734 -1745 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.007
Li SUN, Shu-ting LIAO, Xiao-ping HUANG, Zhao-long ZHANG, Fan-chao WANG. Fatigue life prediction method for ship structures based on spectral loading and improved unique curve model[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (11) : 1734 -1745 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.007
船舶结构在运行过程中受到海洋环境中风、浪、流等复杂随机外载荷的作用(对于设计寿命为20年的船舶结构,其承受的复杂随机载荷大约为108量级),可能会产生疲劳损伤或发生破坏[1]。目前,疲劳校核的方法主要分为基于S-N曲线的累积损伤理论和基于断裂力学的疲劳裂纹扩展理论。其中,基于S-N曲线的累积损伤理论由于理论简单、使用便利等优点被工程界广泛应用,但由于结构在建造过程中不可避免会引入初始缺陷,基于S-N曲线的累积损伤理论无法预报含缺陷结构的损伤程度及预报结构的剩余寿命,而基于断裂力学的疲劳裂纹扩展理论能够解决上述问题,因此,该理论得到了快速发展。
基于断裂力学的疲劳裂纹扩展理论预报结构的裂纹扩展主要分为载荷谱的构建、断裂参数的求解、裂纹扩展速率的计算和失效评估四大部分。其中,断裂参数主要用于计算裂纹扩展驱动力。在船舶结构中,常采用的断裂参数为应力强度因子,其求解方式分为经验公式法、有限元法和实验法等[2];失效评估采用失效评估图技术评估结构的安全性[3]
海洋环境变幻无常,导致船舶结构承受复杂的疲劳载荷作用,其中,波浪载荷对船舶结构的疲劳影响最大。目前,各大船级社推荐的波浪载荷诱导疲劳载荷谱的构建方法分为简化算法和直接算法两种[4-5]。简化算法和直接算法中的设计波法均基于波浪诱导的长期载荷分布服从两参数Weibull分布的假定,并使用船级社推荐的经验公式计算Weibull分布中的两参数或使用谱分析法拟合出的Weibull分布中的两参数。然而,由于各船级社推荐的经验公式不同,导致上述两种方法计算得到的结构疲劳寿命出现较大的离散性。因此,为了减少这种离散性,不少学者推荐使用直接算法中的谱分析法构建波浪载荷诱导的疲劳载荷谱[6-7]。目前,各大船级社推荐的谱分析法中仍采用基于S-N曲线的累积损伤理论计算结构的疲劳寿命。本文将采用谱载荷结合断裂力学的方法预报船舶结构的裂纹扩展国内外对此结合方法的研究报道相对较少[7-9]
疲劳裂纹扩展分为以下三个阶段:近门槛区、稳定扩展区(Paris区)和快速扩展区[10]。其中,快速扩展区在裂纹扩展中所占时间最短,当裂纹扩展位于这个阶段时,结构会快速发生失效[11]。而近门槛区在裂纹扩展中占主要部分,研究发现,大部分金属结构物的疲劳寿命均消耗在裂纹萌生和近门槛区[12-13],因此,研究近门槛区的疲劳裂纹扩展对准确预报结构的疲劳裂纹扩展具有重要意义。裂纹扩展速率的计算主要依据裂纹扩展模型,自Paris模型被提出以来,许多基于该模型、考虑多种因素影响的裂纹扩展模型已经被提出,例如:考虑应力比效应的模型[14-15],考虑载荷次序效应的模型[16-18],以及同时考虑应力比和载荷次序效应的模型[15,19]。本文作者先前提出了一种单一曲线模型,该模型目前已被CCS应用于《基于断裂力学理论的疲劳强度评估指南》中[20]。通过对比预报寿命与试验结果,已经证实这些裂纹扩展模型能够准确预报不同材料在Paris区的疲劳裂纹扩展,但上述模型对各个材料在近门槛区疲劳裂纹扩展的预报能力尚未可知。因此,本文作者在单一曲线模型的基础上,又提出了一种改进的单一曲线模型[21],该模型继承了单一曲线模型的优点,且仅需三组应力比下的裂纹扩展数据,即可确定模型中的形状参数。研究表明,改进的单一曲线模型可准确预报不同应力比下金属结构物在近门槛区和Paris区的疲劳裂纹扩展。
本文提出了一种结合谱载荷和改进的单一曲线模型预报船舶结构疲劳裂纹扩展的方法。首先,介绍了谱分析法构建疲劳载荷谱的方法以及改进的单一曲线模型;其次,以某邮轮阳台开口角隅为例,对结构材料开展裂纹扩展试验;然后,基于谱载荷结合断裂力学的方法预报了该结构的疲劳裂纹扩展;最后,讨论了裂纹扩展模型等对结构疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。
对于船舶与海洋工程结构物而言,其在运行过程中长期受到波浪诱导的疲劳载荷,可以认为是由一系列短期海况诱导的疲劳载荷所组成。一般认为,短期海况是均值为零的窄带平稳随机过程,根据谱分析基本原理,其诱导的交变应力亦可看作均值为零的窄带平稳随机过程,且其应力范围服从Rayleigh分布。假设应力范围为最大应力的两倍,即,则应力范围的概率密度函数和分布函数为
其中,为应力范围,m0为交变应力响应的功率谱密度的零阶矩,交变应力响应的功率谱密度的计算公式为
其中,ω为波浪频率,为波浪载荷作用下的结构响应,即复杂应力响应传递函数,为波浪功率谱密度函数。对于船舶与海洋工程结构物来说,常采用基于有义波高Hs和平均跨零周期双参数的P-M谱来表示波浪的功率谱,双参数P-M谱表达式为
对于船舶结构而言,还应考虑其航速的影响,则其响应频率应用遭遇频率表示,计算公式为
其中,U为计算航速,g为重力加速度,θ为浪向与航向两者间的夹角。
采用遭遇频率后的波浪功率谱为
同时还需考虑波浪的扩散性,即短峰波效应,则交变应力响应的功率谱密度为
考虑了遭遇频率和短峰波效应的交变应力响应的功率谱密度的n阶矩计算公式为
由上式计算出功率谱密度的0阶矩和2阶矩,再计算出应力响应的平均跨零率,从而得到设计寿命内结构的循环次数,应力响应的平均跨零率计算公式为
根据各浪向和各海况出现的概率,通过平均跨零率计算得到各短期海况下交变应力的循环次数,并产生服从Rayleigh分布的载荷块,再将各个短期分布的载荷块按各浪向和各海况出现的概率随机出现,最终生成船舶结构遭遇的长期疲劳载荷谱。
为了考虑应力比对裂纹扩展的影响,Huang等[15]提出了一种形式简单的单一曲线模型,其计算公式为
其中,C0m0是应力比R=0时的材料参数,ΔKeq0是对应于R=0时的等效应力强度因子范围,ΔKth0是对应于R=0时的应力强度因子门槛值,MR是考虑应力比的修正系数,是形状指数,其取决于材料属性和所处环境。
为了更精确地预报近门槛区的疲劳裂纹扩展,作者在单一曲线模型的基础上提出了基于等效应力强度因子范围的改进单一曲线模型[21],其计算公式为
其中,AR为考虑应力比的裂纹扩展速率修正系数,MR,th为考虑应力比的应力强度因子门槛值修正系数,分别为正、负应力比下对应的裂纹扩展速率的形状指数,分别为正、负应力比下对应的应力强度因子门槛值的形状指数。
MR,th中形状指数的计算公式为
其中,分别为对应于应力比为R1R2时的应力强度因子门槛值。
对于改进的单一曲线模型AR中的形状指数其确定表达式为
其中,分别为对应于应力比为R1R2时的裂纹扩展速率。
由式(16)~(19)可知,在对金属结构物进行疲劳裂纹扩展分析时,仅需三组裂纹扩展速率曲线就可确定模型中的参数,这对缺乏试验数据并需预报不同应力比下金属结构物的疲劳裂纹扩展十分有意义。
本文以某邮轮阳台开口角隅为例,给出谱载荷下船舶结构考虑近门槛区疲劳裂纹扩展的预报方法。阳台开口角隅的结构型式如图1中的1号节点所示,其材料为高强钢AH36。首先,根据ASTM E8/E8M [22]进行拉伸试验,获得AH36钢的杨氏模量E、屈服强度σys和极限拉伸强度σuts;然后,根据ASTM E647-15 [23],采用紧致拉伸(CT)试样测试了材料R=0下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,得到了Paris区的Paris参数;最后,采用中心穿透裂纹平板试样开展近门槛区的裂纹扩展试验,获得不同应力比下的裂纹扩展速率数据如图2所示,试验材料AH36钢的力学性能如表1所示。
为比较单一曲线模型和改进的单一曲线模型对AH36钢位于近门槛区和Paris区疲劳裂纹扩展的预报能力,分别采用这两种模型来分析不同应力比下的疲劳裂纹扩展曲线。其中单一曲线模型中的形状指数β=0.3和β1=0.5[19],改进的单一曲线模型中的形状指数则由式(16)~(19)确定,如图3所示,形状指数βth=0.652,γ=0.913。
图4为分别采用单一曲线模型和改进的单一曲线模型对AH36钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率数据分析的结果。可以发现,单一曲线模型可以将不同应力比下Paris区的疲劳裂纹扩展数据压缩至R=0的裂纹扩展速率曲线上,但不同应力比下近门槛区的裂纹扩展速率数据仍然发散,因此,其不能准确预报近门槛区的疲劳裂纹扩展速率。而改进的单一曲线模型可以将不同应力比下近门槛区和Paris区的疲劳裂纹扩展速率数据压缩至R=0的疲劳裂纹扩展速率曲线附近,从而更为准确地预报不同应力比下近门槛区和Paris区的疲劳裂纹扩展速率。
在评估结构的疲劳寿命时,首先要构建疲劳载荷谱。本文采用谱分析法中的载荷谱构造方法:首先,对邮轮进行水动力分析和结构响应分析,提取单位波幅下阳台开口角隅1号节点处的应力传递函数,结果如图5所示;然后选取全球波浪散布图作为波浪的长期统计信息以计算波浪的功率谱,邮轮计算航速取2/3的设计航速,即U=2/3×22.5节=15节,设计寿命为20年;最后根据1.1节疲劳载荷的构建方法,通过短期海况诱导的疲劳载荷构建长期海况诱导的疲劳载荷,其概率密度直方图如图6所示。图7为前200个波浪诱导载荷片段的示意图。
针对图1中的阳台开口角隅结构,设计相应的简化模型,简化模型设计流程详见文献[24],结构的几何尺寸如图8所示。边界条件为:(1)两处半径为20 mm开孔处的单元限制位移uxuy为0;(2)半径为30 mm开孔处施加垂向载荷。由文献[24]可知,阳台开口角隅中点处裂纹的扩展方向垂直于第一主应力方向(缺口的延伸方向)。目前,复杂载荷下含裂纹结构应力强度因子的计算主要采用有限元法[24]。首先,在ANSYS中采用8节点Shell93单元沿初始裂纹的延伸方向建立含不同裂纹尺寸的结构模型,其中,非裂纹尖端处的有限元网格尺寸为4 mm×4 mm,裂纹尖端处第一圈半径网格尺寸为0.1 mm,第二圈半径网格尺寸为0.15 mm,有限元模型如图9所示。然后根据位移外推法计算不同裂纹尺寸下的应力强度因子。最后,基于Pokluda等效应力强度因子准则计算复杂载荷下邮轮阳台开口角隅的等效应力强度因子,并拟合出应力强度因子计算公式,Pokluda等效应力强度因子准则如式(20)所示。由于阳台开口角隅名义应力不易获取,本文采用热点应力为基准计算阳台开口角隅的几何形状修正因子Y图10为1号阳台开口角隅结构几何形状修正因子Y的拟合曲线,该节点处的应力强度因子计算公式如式(21)所示。
其中,Y为该结构应力强度因子几何修正因子;σ为热点应力大小,单位为MPa;x=a/ra为裂纹长度,单位为mm;r为邮轮阳台开口角隅的半径,此处r=50 mm。
选择失效评估图[3]作为结构失效评估的判断依据,计算初始裂纹长度分别为a=0.1 mm、a=0.2 mm、a=0.3 mm和a=0.5 mm时的阳台开口角隅疲劳裂纹扩展寿命。四种初始裂纹长度下的失效评估图评估曲线如图11所示,可以发现,当初始裂纹长度为a=0.1 mm和a=0.2 mm时,其对应的评估曲线均位于安全区域内,即在20年的设计寿命内,该节点不会发生疲劳裂纹扩展破坏。当初始裂纹长度为a=0.3 mm和a=0.5 mm时,其对应的评估曲线由安全区域穿越至危险区域内,即在20年的设计寿命内,该节点会由于疲劳裂纹扩展发生破坏。四种初始裂纹长度下的裂纹扩展曲线如图12所示。可以发现,初始裂纹长度a=0.1 mm和a=0.2 mm时在20年的设计寿命周期内,裂纹扩展量不是很大,对应的扩展长度分别为0.0035 mm和0.2566 mm;而初始裂纹长度a=0.3 mm和a=0.5 mm时则分别在11.42年和5.35年后裂纹扩展至63 mm左右并发生疲劳失效。由上可知,初始裂纹长度对船舶结构的疲劳裂纹扩展预测结果影响很大,选取合理的初始裂纹对所预报结构的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命意义重大。
图4可知,单一曲线模型与改进单一曲线模型对于AH36钢位于近门槛区的疲劳裂纹扩展的预报结果存在明显的差别。因此,本节主要讨论上述两种疲劳裂纹扩展模型对谱载荷下船舶结构疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的影响。
为简化分析,首先假定最大载荷作用下阳台开口角隅结构的热点应力为σ=376 MPa,分别讨论同一应力比、不同裂纹长度下,采用两种裂纹扩展模型预报阳台开口角隅的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命。相较于改进的模型,单一曲线模型会忽略高应力比下裂纹扩展的影响。因此,本节首先讨论R=0.7条件下,基于两种裂纹扩展模型预报不同初始裂纹长度下结构的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命,结果如图13所示。可以发现,随着初始裂纹长度增加,结构的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命逐渐缩短。当a=0.1 mm时,基于单一曲线模型预报的结构疲劳寿命为无限长,这是因为此时的等效应力强度因子范围小于门槛值,裂纹不发生扩展;而基于改进单一曲线模型预报的结构疲劳寿命为有限值,因此,可以认为改进单一曲线模型预报得到的结构疲劳寿命较单一曲线模型得到的结果偏于保守。当a=0.15 mm时,裂纹从近门槛区开始扩展,两种扩展模型均可预报结构的裂纹扩展寿命,但由于单一曲线模型低估了高应力比下的裂纹扩展速率,因此,基于改进单一曲线模型预报得到的结构疲劳寿命偏于保守。当a=1 mm时,裂纹从Paris区开始扩展,两种模型的预测结果基本一致。综上,改进单一曲线模型可以预报结构位于近门槛区和Paris区的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命,尤其是高应力比工况占比较大时,其预报结果相较单一曲线模型更为保守。
其次,对谱载荷作用下的结构进行疲劳裂纹扩展预报。当初始裂纹长度分别为a=0.1 mm和a=1 mm时,两种模型的预报结果如图14所示。可以发现无论初始裂纹大小为多少,两种模型对裂纹扩展速率的预报没有影响。这是因为阳台开口角隅为自由边,文中一开始没有考虑残余应力的影响,此时谱载荷生成的载荷谱应力比R=-1,这导致改进单一曲线模型退化为单一曲线模型。因此,为了讨论两种模型对结构裂纹扩展的影响,假设阳台开口角隅处存在残余应力,残余应力大小为,则此时疲劳载荷谱中的应力比
在考虑残余应力的基础上,分别讨论基于两种裂纹扩展模型预报不同初始裂纹长度下阳台开口角隅的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命,结果如图15所示。可以发现,随着初始裂纹大小的增加,结构的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命逐渐缩短。裂纹扩展至53.38 mm时结构发生疲劳失效。当初始裂纹长度a=0.12 mm时,单一曲线模型预报的疲劳寿命为15.22年,改进单一曲线模型预报的寿命为14.97年;当初始裂纹长度a=1 mm时,单一曲线模型预报的疲劳寿命为0.60年,改进单一曲线模型预报的寿命为0.53年。初始裂纹长度越小,两种模型预报的寿命相差越大,这与图13得到的结论一致。尽管两种模型都可对结构的疲劳裂纹扩展进行预报,但改进单一曲线模型的预报结果更为保守。对于初始裂纹长度a=0.12 mm,裂纹一开始几乎不增长,当扩展到约第15年时,裂纹发生快速扩展并失效,表明裂纹在近门槛区扩展所占时间极长,而快速扩展并失效的时间极短。
综上可知,结构的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命受初始裂纹长度的影响较大,对于谱载荷作用下结构的裂纹扩展预报,基于改进单一曲线模型预报的结果较单一曲线模型更为保守,这是因为前者未低估高应力比下的裂纹扩展速率,从而能更加准确预报近门槛区的裂纹扩展。此外,残余应力会对预报结果产生影响,残余拉应力会缩短结构的疲劳寿命。
针对谱载荷作用下船舶结构的疲劳裂纹扩展,本文结合谱载荷和改进的单一曲线模型提出了一种能更为精确预报含近门槛区裂纹扩展的方法。本文以某一邮轮阳台开口角隅结构为例,提出了改进单一曲线模型中形状指数的确定方法,基于谱载荷和改进单一曲线模型预报了该结构的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命,并讨论了初始裂纹长度和裂纹扩展模型等对结构裂纹扩展的影响。本文主要结论如下:
(1)相较于目前规范推荐的疲劳寿命预报方法,本文提出的疲劳裂纹扩展预报方法不再局限于Paris区的疲劳裂纹扩展,其能更加全面考虑近门槛区和应力比对裂纹扩展的影响。对于不同的船舶结构型式,只需采用相应结构的应力强度因子公式加上本文的方法即可评估结构的疲劳寿命,因此本文的方法亦可为其它船海结构的疲劳寿命评估提供参考。
(2)针对单一曲线模型中形状指数确定方法的不明确性,本文提出了改进模型中形状指数的确定方法。该模型除了继承单一曲线模型的优点外,当材料数据缺乏时,仅需三组应力比下的裂纹扩展数据即可确定模型中的形状指数。
(3)选取合理的初始裂纹长度对准确预报结构的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命意义重大,初始裂纹越大,结构的疲劳寿命越短。当不考虑残余应力的影响时,改进单一曲线模型会退化为单一曲线模型;当考虑残余应力的影响时,改进单一曲线模型未低估高应力比下的裂纹扩展速率,因此其预报结果较单一曲线模型更为保守。
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2025年第29卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.007
  • 接收时间:2025-05-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-18
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    1.中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院,上海 200011
    2.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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