Article(id=1241023038213386352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1241023036892172648, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747411200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812549403, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812549403, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812549403, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812549403, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023036892172648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='11', pageStart='1663', pageEnd='1826', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812549088, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812775651, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241023987245970093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1241023036892172648, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241023987245970094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1241023036892172648, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1818, endPage=1826, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023038448267378, articleId=1241023038213386352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Analysis and testing of spiral sound insulation metamaterial, columnId=1241023038381158513, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to the difficulty of attenuation of middle and low frequency band sound waves in the process of propagation, the control of middle and low frequency broadband sound waves has become a challenging topic, so it is necessary to develop new materials and structures with low frequency sound absorption and noise reduction functions. The special properties of acoustic metamaterials provide new ideas for the development of sound absorption and insulation. In order to effectively control the noise in the middle and low frequency bands, a new spatial spiral acoustic metamaterial was designed and optimized by using the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics, and the sound absorption and sound insulation performance in the 100~2500 Hz frequency band were calculated and analyzed. With the help of 3D printing for completing the preparation of metamaterial, the sound absorption and insulation performance of spiral acoustic metamaterial were compared in an experimental study to verify the accuracy of the calculation method.

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由于中、低频段声波在传播过程中难以衰减,控制中、低频宽带声波已成为一个具有挑战性的课题,因此,开发具有低频吸隔声降噪功能的新型材料或结构是很有必要的。声学超材料的特殊属性为吸隔声领域的发展提供了新的思路。为有效控制中、低频段噪声,本文通过有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics优化设计了一种新型的空间螺旋式声学超材料,并完成100~2500 Hz频段范围吸声和隔声性能的计算分析,借助3D打印完成超材料制备,进行螺旋式声学超材料的吸隔声性能对比实验研究,验证计算方法的准确性。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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刘松(1982-),男,博士,高级工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

刘盼盼(2001-),女,硕士研究生

赵仁洁(1997-),女,硕士研究生

鲁建华(1978-),男,副教授

杨康(1998-),男,硕士研究生

杜一帆(2001-),女,硕士研究生

马骏(1963-),男,副教授。

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赵仁洁(1997-),女,硕士研究生

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马骏(1963-),男,副教授。

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马骏(1963-),男,副教授。

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figureFileBig=ErPBhRGgZHJRt4WS4Hfqlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241766155711484217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023038213386352, language=CN, label=图11, caption=仿真和实验结果的STL对比(裸露), figureFileSmall=I+vI9Flat3wbCrbH0DGy+A==, figureFileBig=ErPBhRGgZHJRt4WS4Hfqlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241766155807953212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1241023038213386352, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Band gap frequencies and band gaps for different spiral inner diameters

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内径r /mm所需带隙频率/Hz带宽/Hz
0.071824~2440616
0.091816~2433617
0.11812~2429617
0.151812~2409597
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不同螺旋线内径下的带隙频率和带宽

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内径r /mm所需带隙频率/Hz带宽/Hz
0.071824~2440616
0.091816~2433617
0.11812~2429617
0.151812~2409597
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螺旋式吸隔声超材料分析与测试研究
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刘松 , 刘盼盼 , 赵仁洁 , 鲁建华 , 杨康 , 杜一帆 , 马骏
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025,29(11): 1818-1826
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船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025, 29(11): 1818-1826
螺旋式吸隔声超材料分析与测试研究
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刘松 , 刘盼盼, 赵仁洁, 鲁建华, 杨康, 杜一帆, 马骏
作者信息
  • 大连理工大学,工业装备结构分析优化与CAE软件全国重点实验室,运载工程与力学学部船舶工程学院,辽宁 大连 116024
  • 刘松(1982-),男,博士,高级工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

    刘盼盼(2001-),女,硕士研究生

    赵仁洁(1997-),女,硕士研究生

    鲁建华(1978-),男,副教授

    杨康(1998-),男,硕士研究生

    杜一帆(2001-),女,硕士研究生

    马骏(1963-),男,副教授。

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Analysis and testing of spiral sound insulation metamaterial
Song LIU , Pan-pan LIU, Ren-jie ZHAO, Jian-hua LU, Kang YANG, Yi-fan DU, Jun MA
Affiliations
  • National Key Laboratory of Industrial Equipment Structural Analysis and Optimization and CAE Software, School of Ship Engineering, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.014
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由于中、低频段声波在传播过程中难以衰减,控制中、低频宽带声波已成为一个具有挑战性的课题,因此,开发具有低频吸隔声降噪功能的新型材料或结构是很有必要的。声学超材料的特殊属性为吸隔声领域的发展提供了新的思路。为有效控制中、低频段噪声,本文通过有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics优化设计了一种新型的空间螺旋式声学超材料,并完成100~2500 Hz频段范围吸声和隔声性能的计算分析,借助3D打印完成超材料制备,进行螺旋式声学超材料的吸隔声性能对比实验研究,验证计算方法的准确性。

优化设计  /  吸声隔声  /  声学超材料

Due to the difficulty of attenuation of middle and low frequency band sound waves in the process of propagation, the control of middle and low frequency broadband sound waves has become a challenging topic, so it is necessary to develop new materials and structures with low frequency sound absorption and noise reduction functions. The special properties of acoustic metamaterials provide new ideas for the development of sound absorption and insulation. In order to effectively control the noise in the middle and low frequency bands, a new spatial spiral acoustic metamaterial was designed and optimized by using the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics, and the sound absorption and sound insulation performance in the 100~2500 Hz frequency band were calculated and analyzed. With the help of 3D printing for completing the preparation of metamaterial, the sound absorption and insulation performance of spiral acoustic metamaterial were compared in an experimental study to verify the accuracy of the calculation method.

optimal design  /  sound absorption and sound insulation  /  acoustic metamaterial
刘松, 刘盼盼, 赵仁洁, 鲁建华, 杨康, 杜一帆, 马骏. 螺旋式吸隔声超材料分析与测试研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (11) : 1818 -1826 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.014
Song LIU, Pan-pan LIU, Ren-jie ZHAO, Jian-hua LU, Kang YANG, Yi-fan DU, Jun MA. Analysis and testing of spiral sound insulation metamaterial[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (11) : 1818 -1826 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.014
当遇到低频声波时,传统材料吸声性能较弱,需要较大厚度才能有效吸收低频声波;传统隔声材料遵循质量定律,通过在板表面敷设阻尼材料等方式获得较好隔声效果,但增加了板的厚度与质量,且无法在低频段产生隔声效果[1]。声学超材料的出现,为吸隔声领域的发展提供了新的思路。
带隙是声学超材料的一个重要特性,特定频段的声波不能在其中传播。随着超材料相关理论不断丰富,超材料构型不断推陈出新,尤其在航空航天、船舶车辆等领域展现出广阔的前景。声学超材料最大的优势在于能够实现对声波或弹性波的任意调控。鉴于传统吸隔声材料在实际应用中的局限性,开发具有低频吸隔声降噪功能的新型超材料或结构是很有必要的。
目前,主要的声学超材料类型有薄膜型、薄板型、Helmholtz型和卷曲空间型等。2007年,Wu等[2]较早研究了关于薄板结构的局域共振,然而这些结构的带隙频率较高,带隙较窄,无法满足低频噪声控制的需要。2012年,Mei等[3]提出声学“暗”材料,通过用刚性平板装饰弹性薄膜实现低频段吸声,使吸声系数达到0.7,但吸声频带仍较窄,在实际工程应用上吸声效果不理想。Sui等[4]设计了一种在500 Hz以下隔声量均大于45 dB的蜂窝型声学超材料,但由于结构太薄且易变形,难以承受工程中的较大重量。Nguyen等[5]用亥姆霍兹共鸣器结构设计了亚波长的消声器,实现了低频且宽频段的隔声。但想要进一步降低隔声频带范围,就需要增大结构尺寸,这不利于结构设计的小型化[1]
综上,薄膜和薄板型吸隔声超材料存在吸收频带窄、结构尺寸大、寿命短、易变形和隔声性能不稳定等问题。Helmholtz型吸隔声超材料也存在带隙窄、体积大、结构复杂等局限性,不利于工程实践。为了解决上述问题,研究人员在超材料中引入迷宫、螺旋等结构,从而设计出了卷曲的空间超材料。空间超材料具有良好的吸声和隔声性能,有效弥补了薄膜、薄板和Helmholtz型吸隔声超材料的不足。
2012年,Liang等[6]首次设计了非局部共振的卷曲空间结构。2014年Cai等[7]和Li等[8]通过卷曲空间设计了一种吸声超表面,但吸声频带较窄。Chen等[9]利用Mie共振特性设计了带螺旋通道的亚波长高反射超稀疏表面,实现了双负等效参数,并验证了其具有良好的隔声性能,但并不具有吸声性能。Maurya等[10]提出了一种三维迷宫空间卷曲声学超材料,具有双负特性,隔声性能良好,但未研究其是否具有吸声性能。在上述研究中,尚未发现一种能够同时具备吸声和隔声性能,并克服带隙狭窄限制的超材料,因此开发一种既能吸声又能隔声的材料仍然是一个巨大的挑战。因此,有必要开发一种对中低频噪声控制效果优良,工程应用范围广的新型吸隔声材料。
本文设计了一种新型的空间螺旋式吸隔声超材料,并通过3D打印制备样件对其吸隔声效果进行了验证,该构型在100~2500 Hz频段内兼具吸声和隔声性能。
声学超材料的几何参数和材料属性与其吸隔声性能紧密相关。研究的重点在于如何进一步降低带隙频率,拓宽频带,并同时减小结构尺寸。
声波在介质中的传播特性主要由材料的质量密度和体积模量决定,其中等效密度和弹性模量是介质的两个重要特性参数。自然界中这二者通常为正,但可以设计出具有负等效质量密度和负等效体积模量的材料,声波不能在这种材料中传播。Mie共振是一种基于Mie散射和共振散射理论的共振现象,强烈的共振将在Mie交叉区域产生快速变化的类周期波的复杂模式。等效负密度对应偶极子共振,而等效负模量对应单极子共振,空气中的Mie共振单元能够在不同频率处分别表现出单极子、偶极子、四极子、八极子等多种共振模式,在不同的频率范围内可实现负等效参数。要产生声Mie共振,声波在材料中的传播速度应远小于在空气中的传播速度,而空间折叠能够使结构获得低于空气中的有效声速。
卷曲空间超材料是一种优秀的吸隔声材料。一方面,由于空气在通道中流动时会与壁面发生摩擦,造成声能损耗,导致声波衰减;另一方面,卷曲空间会使声音传播路径变长,延长传播时间[11],产生相位积累。因此,本文将正交细长矩形引入声学超材料,以包含十字架矩形的正方晶格超材料为初始构型,在此基础上将二维螺旋构型进行旋转,构建兼具吸隔声效果的螺旋式卷曲空间声学超材料[12]
本文所提出的空间螺旋式声学超材料的设计思路如图1所示,以具有正交矩形的正方晶格超材料为基本原型,图中蓝色部分表示空气介质,白色部分为光敏树脂,以右上方螺旋为基准,顺时针分别旋转90°、180°、270°,依次得到右下、左下、左上三个螺旋,共计四个螺旋,以此来构造空间螺旋式声学超材料。固体材料参数为E=2 GPa,v= 0.38,ρ=1210 kg/m3。为了便于比较分析,本文将仅具有正交矩形构型的超材料称为十字型超材料,将具有螺旋构型的超材料称为卷曲超材料,而将兼具正交矩形和螺旋构型的超材料称为空间螺旋声学超材料。
阿基米德螺旋线的参数化方程为
式中:r为螺旋线内径,q为曲率,R为外径,n为匝数,s是角度。
观察三者的能带图可以发现,与十字架形超材料相比,卷曲型超材料的带隙频率有所降低,产生了新的带隙,但带宽变窄。空间螺旋式超材料的带隙频率在卷曲形超材料的基础上继续降低。在频率8500 Hz范围内,十字架型超材料仅有两条带隙,但2500 Hz以内的带隙较窄。而空间螺旋式超材料在2500 Hz以内的带隙有所拓宽,其带隙频率相比十字架型有明显降低,对比卷曲型超材料第1条带隙,其带宽与空间螺旋式超材料大致相当,但第2条带隙的下截止频率向低频方向移动,同时产生了两条新的带隙。
与十字架型超材料和卷曲型超材料相比较,空间螺旋式超材料产生带隙的对应频段更低,还能够打开更多能带而产生新的带隙,是一种色散特性较好的构型设计。
下面将从改变匝数n、改变匝间距m、改变螺旋线内径r三个参数的角度讨论这些参数对带隙的影响,进而确定具有最佳带隙特征的螺旋式超材料参数。
(1)改变匝数n
固定晶格常数a=40.47 mm,矩形穿孔板宽w=1 mm,螺旋结构内径r=0.08 mm,螺旋匝间距m=2.5 mm,讨论匝数n对带隙的影响。图2为改变匝数n的能带结构图。
根据能带结构图可以看到,在0~5500 Hz范围内,随着螺旋匝数增加,产生带隙的频率也逐渐移向低频,第一条带隙的带宽越来越窄,频率范围符合对中低频段噪声控制的目标,因此确定最大匝数n=2为本研究最佳参数。
(2)改变匝间距m
固定晶格常数a=40.47 mm,矩形穿孔板宽w=1 mm,螺旋线内径r=0.08 mm,以及上文确定的最佳匝数n=2,分析匝间距m对带隙的影响。由于晶格常数限制,匝间距m最多可增至3.8 mm,图3为改变匝间距m的能带结构图。
由能带结构图可以看到,随着匝间距m增加,第一条带隙合并且带隙产生频率逐渐移向低频。当匝数n=2,匝间距m=2.5 mm时,带隙宽度为522 Hz;当匝数n=2,匝间距m=3.8 mm时,带隙宽度为1820~2437 Hz,带宽为617 Hz。相比之下,匝数n=2,匝间距m=3.8 mm组合的带隙更宽,符合控制中低频宽带噪声的目标。所以,确定本研究中螺旋式构型的螺旋线最佳匝间距m=3.8 mm。
(3)改变螺旋线内径r
由此可知,当晶格常数a=40.47 mm,矩形穿孔板宽w=1 mm时,取匝间距m=3.8 mm,匝数n=2所对应的带隙效果最好。在上述参数基础上进一步分析螺旋线内径r对带隙的影响,不同螺旋线内径下的带隙频率范围和带宽结果如表1所示。
结合能带结构图及表1可以看到,随着螺旋线内径r增加,带隙频率逐渐移向低频,当内径r取0.1 mm时对应带隙频率为1812~2429 Hz,带宽为617 Hz,综合考虑低频和带宽的要求,本文认为r=0.1 mm时性能最优,故将r=0.1 mm引入最佳几何参数组合。
综上,螺旋式声学超材料的最佳几何参数组合为:匝数n=2,螺旋线内径r=0.1 mm,匝间距m=3.8 mm。在0~2500 Hz频段内出现两条带隙,第一条带隙频率范围为1606~1660 Hz,频段带宽较窄。第二条带隙频率范围为1812~2429 Hz,带宽为617 Hz,显然第二条带隙更宽,所以本文选择第二条带隙作为主要研究对象。
当声波遇到材料时,一部分声能被反射,一部分声能进入材料内部被吸收,还有一部分声能穿过材料继续传播。声能反射得越少,则材料的吸声能力越强。通常用吸声系数来衡量材料的吸声能力大小,吸声系数定义为被材料吸收的声波具有的能量与入射声波的总能量之比[13],即
式中:E0表示入射声波的总声能;E1表示反射声波具有的能量;E2表示被吸收的声波具有的能量;E3表示透射声波具有的能量。吸声系数的值是介于0~1之间的,通常将吸声系数大于0.2的材料称为吸声材料,一般情况下,吸声系数越大表示材料的吸声能力越强[14]
通过有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics进行空间螺旋式超材料吸声性能的仿真计算。在超材料的左端设置宽为40.57 mm、长为82 mm的矩形波导。波导的左侧设置1 Pa的背景压力场,施加平面波激励。在波导的左端设置完美匹配层(PML),以消除反射波。固体材料的阻抗远远大于空气的阻抗,所以固体壁面可以看作声硬边界条件。通过仿真模拟分别计算了1~3个单元(从左到右)的吸声系数,如图4所示。
当计算一个单元的吸声系数时,0~1600 Hz范围内材料的吸声系数在0.2以下,该频段吸声效果不好,1600 Hz以上有窄带吸声,吸声系数在1650~1800 Hz范围内均超过0.5,该频段吸声效果良好;当模拟计算二个单元的吸声系数时,0~1600 Hz范围内材料分别在400~600 Hz和1000~1200 Hz范围内出现两个吸声频段,这两个频段的吸声系数均在0.4以上,但都为窄带吸声;当模拟计算三个单元的吸声系数时,0~1600 Hz范围内材料的吸声系数均在0.4以上。第一个波峰出现在400 Hz,吸声效果达到0.5,一共具有六个吸声波峰,且在1650~1800 Hz范围内吸声系数最高达到0.8。因此,三个单元排列时该材料具有很好的低频宽带吸声效果,是一种较好的吸声材料,在低频宽带噪声吸收中将会发挥很好的效果。
在声音传播路径中,使用某种材料或者结构来阻挡其传播称为隔声。当声音入射至材料表面,透过材料进入另一侧的透射声能越少则代表材料的隔声能力越强。入射声能与透射声能的分贝数之差就是材料的隔声量,也叫声学传输损耗STL(Sound Transmission Loss)。
隔声量的计算公式为
式中:pt是在出口测量的声压振幅,pi=1 Pa为入口的入射声压幅度,STL的单位为dB。
声学超材料的两端分别设置宽度为40.57 mm和长度为82 mm的矩形波导。波导的左侧设置1 Pa的背景压力场。选择背景压力场的类型为平面波。波导前后两端还设置完美匹配层(PML),以消除反射波。
随着结构单元数量的增加,声学传输损耗(STL)的性能更优异。已知单元晶格常数a为40.47 mm,由于驻波管长度限制,本文最多可研究三个单元排列布置的样品材料。物理场设置的原理图以三个单元排列的布置为例。通过仿真模拟分别计算了1~3个单元的声传输损耗(STL),如图5所示,而图6展示的是引入粘度和热粘度损失后的声传输损耗(STL)。
根据声传输损耗曲线可以看到,仅在压力声学-频域计算时,三个单元的声传输损耗曲线在2000 Hz处,STL值达到峰值167 dB;添加热粘性声学-频域计算后,三个单元的声传输损耗在1938 Hz处,STL值达到的峰值为158 dB。结果表明,在仿真中引入粘度和热粘度损失,会使声传输损耗的峰值减小,且峰值频率移向低频。同时,根据声传输损耗曲线可以看到,在驻波管测量频率范围内,随着结构单元数量的增加,声学隔声性能将会更优,波衰减更加剧烈。因此为了获得更好的隔声效果,下文实验中在波传播方向排列三个单元可实现较强的波衰减。
为了验证本文所提出的螺旋型声学超材料的吸隔声性能与COMSOL Multiphysics数值计算结果的一致性,通过3D打印制备螺旋式超材料样品并对该构型进行吸声实验和隔声测量实验。图7展示了3D打印制备的螺旋型声学超材料样品示意图。
实验的总体设置如图8所示。包括计算机、功率放大器(BSWA、PA300)、60 mm阻抗管系统(BSWA、SW9115、测试频率范围100~2500 Hz)、数据采集器(BSWA、MC3242A)等。仿真模拟和实验结果的吸声系数对比如图9所示。
通过对仿真模拟和实验结果进行对比可以看到,在700~1500 Hz之间,随着频率的增加,模拟与实验结果之间的吸声系数峰值频率发生偏移。这是因为,与模拟结构的光滑表面不同,3D打印材料表面存在阻尼,声波传输过程中会发生摩擦,这可能增强了吸声效应,多个共振峰很容易相连,从而显示出光滑的曲线。其次,对狭缝的主要传播路径的假设在该频段并不适用,这将给吸声系数模拟计算带来误差。在测试频段100~2500 Hz之间,仿真和实验结果有一定的振幅差异,这可能是由于结构尺寸相对较小,有些空气通道很窄,导致大量的声波被反射没有进入材料。
实验装置仍采用驻波管。主要设备包括功率放大器(BSWA、PA300)、60 mm阻抗管系统(BSWA、SW9115、测试频率范围100~2500 Hz)、数据采集器(BSWA、MC3242A)等。在动态测试过程中,将样品放置在阻抗管内,内置的信号发生器通过功率放大器将声信号输入到内置扬声器中。安装在试片两端的四个麦克风用于检测输入端和输出端的声压信号。最后,数字信号采集器将声压信号输入到计算机中进行处理,得到测试样本的传输损耗与入射频率之间的关系。图10图11给出了不考虑热粘性损失时的仿真结果与实验结果的STL比较图。
仿真计算结果已证明,随着结构单元数量的增加,声学隔声性能将会更优,所以实验中在波传播方向上排列三个单元来实现较强的波衰减。施加1 Pa的声源激励,标准实验条件下,在2318 Hz时隔声量为-70.03 dB,在2200~2480 Hz范围内隔声效果均在40 dB以上,隔声效果较好。在裸露实验条件下,2304 Hz时的隔声量为-81.48 dB,而在2300~2480 Hz频段内,隔声效果均保持在40 dB以上,表明腔体裸露会使隔声量峰值增大,这是因为驻波管实验中,传声器距离材料表面的最小距离是管径的一半时测试数据更准确,但对隔声频率范围无明显影响。
两组实验证明了用螺旋式声学超材料得到的带隙是真实存在的。实验与数值结果之间在声传输损耗幅值上存在差异,但可以看到,数值和实验隔声性能测试中发生声传输损耗的频段与数值分析预测的带隙范围和趋势是基本一致的。在100~1800 Hz频段内,振幅误差的主要来源之一是数值模拟中忽略了材料的阻尼,且样品材料并非绝对光滑,声波传输过程中受到摩擦阻力,导致能量耗散,使隔声实验结果曲线中的峰值减小,3.1节得到的仿真模拟和实验的吸声系数对比图可以证明此结论。1800~2500 Hz之间的振幅误差来源主要有以下几点:一是传声器精度的限制,测量样品输出较小的声学响应时存在误差,从而低估衰减声压幅值;二是阻抗管的结构不能实现与数值模拟分析一致的理想周期边界,在实验中会出现边界效应;三是结构尺寸较小,3D打印过程中样品的材料尺寸精度难以保证,导致存在一定几何差异,使得该频域产生一定的频移和能量耗散。
结合声学超材料在调控声波方面优异的表现能力,我们利用特定频段的声波不能通过的带隙特点,设计了一种兼具吸隔声效果的螺旋式超材料,同时系统地研究了螺旋式超材料的宽带吸隔声能力。经过有限元仿真和实验对比,该构型在2200~2480 Hz频段内隔声效果均在40 dB以上,最高可到达73 dB,隔声效果很好。在100~2500 Hz频段范围内存在多个吸声峰,实验和仿真结果均证明了这点,两者总体趋势匹配良好,且在多个频段内吸声系数超过0.5。因此,该螺旋式吸隔声超材料具有良好的吸隔声效果,可为中低频段声波调控提供新思路。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51609037)
  • 大连理工大学基本科研业务费项目(DUT22GF206)
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2025年第29卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.11.014
  • 接收时间:2025-05-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-17
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(51609037)
大连理工大学基本科研业务费项目(DUT22GF206)
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    大连理工大学,工业装备结构分析优化与CAE软件全国重点实验室,运载工程与力学学部船舶工程学院,辽宁 大连 116024

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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