Article(id=1281203191035433784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281202552578478607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754409600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783392244346, onlineDateStr=2026-07-07, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783392244346, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783392244346, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1783392244346, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1281202552578478607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2026', volume='30', issue='5', pageStart='659', pageEnd='842', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783392092127, creator='13041195026', updateTime=1783395243852, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281215774769525418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281202552578478607, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281215775176372907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281202552578478607, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=684, endPage=698, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281203192725738297, articleId=1281203191035433784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Nonlinear coupling characteristics between deep-draft cylindrical platform and moonpool, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

When the frequency of external wave excitation or that of platform motion approaches the natural frequency of the moonpool structure, intense resonance phenomena occur within the moonpool. Under such conditions, both the water inside the moonpool and the platform motion exhibit strong nonlinear characteristics. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) principles, this study conducts numerical simulations of a deep-draft cylindrical platform under regular wave action to investigate the influence mechanisms of incident wave frequency and environmental wave height on the coupled system of platform motion and moonpool water dynamics. The results indicate that increasing environmental wave height intensifies nonlinear phenomena in the moonpool water motion, characterized by enhanced resonance peaks in high-frequency bands and reduced piston-mode resonance peaks. A strong coupling relationship exists between platform motion and moonpool water dynamics, where both the moonpool resonance phenomena and platform motion responses demonstrate dual-peak characteristics. As the environmental wave height increases, the heave response amplitude operator (RAO) amplitude decreases, while the platform’s pitch RAO amplitude increases.

, authors=Gao-ping ZHUa, b, Hai-ning LÜa, b, Rui QINa, b, Xiang-yu LIUa, b, authorsList=Gao-ping ZHU, Hai-ning LÜ, Rui QIN, Xiang-yu LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hai-ning LÜ, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of Ship Mechanics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281203282903273472, articleId=1281203191035433784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=CN, title=深吃水圆筒型平台与月池耦合非线性特性研究, columnId=1241023038087549292, journalTitle=船舶力学, columnName=流体力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

当外部波浪激励或平台运动频率与月池结构固有频率相近时,月池内部会产生强烈共振现象,此时月池内部水体与平台运动均展现出强烈的非线性特征。本文基于计算流体力学原理,对规则波作用下的深吃水圆筒型平台进行数值模拟,探究了入射波频率和环境波高对平台运动与月池水体耦合系统的影响机制。结果表明:环境波高的增加会加剧月池水体运动所产生的非线性现象,月池中高频段的共振峰值增加,活塞共振峰值降低;平台运动与月池水体之间存在强耦合关系,月池共振和平台的运动响应均呈现双峰的特性;随着环境波高的增加,平台的垂荡响应幅值算子(RAO)幅值降低,纵摇RAO幅值增加。

, authors=朱高平a, b, 吕海宁a, b, 秦睿a, b, 刘翔宇a, b, authorsList=朱高平, 吕海宁, 秦睿, 刘翔宇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吕海宁, authorNote=

朱高平(2000–),男,硕士研究生,E-mail:

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吕海宁(1979–),男,研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:
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ArticleFig(id=1281203315207802953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281203191035433784, language=CN, label=图15, caption=运动平台速度场对比图($ \omega $ = 0.448,图15(a)为一个周期内速度最大的时刻,图15(b)为同一时刻的速度对比), figureFileSmall=Rv+ctgYEvClF77LLyLg0WA==, figureFileBig=CPYUmM/oOCZFCI3GubhwpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203315329437770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281203191035433784, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Main parameters of the platform

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主尺度参数/单位实型值主尺度参数/单位实型值
作业载况排水量 /t282 081垂荡体直径 /m110.00
水线面直径 /m80.00垂荡体厚度 /m9.00
过渡段高度 /m15.00水面月池尺度(长×宽) /m38×16
工艺甲板直径 /m110.00底过渡段直径 /m100.00
吃水 /m48.00月池倾角 /°12.5
), ArticleFig(id=1281203315614650443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281203191035433784, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

平台主尺度参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主尺度参数/单位实型值主尺度参数/单位实型值
作业载况排水量 /t282 081垂荡体直径 /m110.00
水线面直径 /m80.00垂荡体厚度 /m9.00
过渡段高度 /m15.00水面月池尺度(长×宽) /m38×16
工艺甲板直径 /m110.00底过渡段直径 /m100.00
吃水 /m48.00月池倾角 /°12.5
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Natural frequency of moonpool resonance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称/单位估算值
活塞运动固有频率 /(rad·s−10.41
一阶晃荡运动固有频率 /(rad·s−10.90
二阶晃荡运动固有频率 /(rad·s−11.27
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月池共振固有频率

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名称/单位估算值
活塞运动固有频率 /(rad·s−10.41
一阶晃荡运动固有频率 /(rad·s−10.90
二阶晃荡运动固有频率 /(rad·s−11.27
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Different mesh resolutions

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名称网格数面数量点数量
Mesh13573817122345494266779
Mesh24869491155014555411219
Mesh35759341173114756083427
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不同网格尺寸划分

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名称网格数面数量点数量
Mesh13573817122345494266779
Mesh24869491155014555411219
Mesh35759341173114756083427
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深吃水圆筒型平台与月池耦合非线性特性研究
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朱高平 a, b , 吕海宁 a, b , 秦睿 a, b , 刘翔宇 a, b
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2026,30(5): 684-698
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船舶力学 |流体力学 2026 , 30 (5) : 684 -698
深吃水圆筒型平台与月池耦合非线性特性研究
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朱高平a, b , 吕海宁a, b , 秦睿a, b, 刘翔宇a, b
作者信息
  • a.上海交通大学 海洋工程全国重点实验室,上海 200240
  • b.上海交通大学 船舶海洋与建筑工程学院,上海 200240
通讯作者:
吕海宁(1979–),男,研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:
作者简介:

朱高平(2000–),男,硕士研究生,E-mail:

Nonlinear coupling characteristics between deep-draft cylindrical platform and moonpool
Gao-ping ZHUa, b , Hai-ning LÜa, b , Rui QINa, b, Xiang-yu LIUa, b
Affiliations
  • a.Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai 200240, China
  • b.Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.003
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当外部波浪激励或平台运动频率与月池结构固有频率相近时,月池内部会产生强烈共振现象,此时月池内部水体与平台运动均展现出强烈的非线性特征。本文基于计算流体力学原理,对规则波作用下的深吃水圆筒型平台进行数值模拟,探究了入射波频率和环境波高对平台运动与月池水体耦合系统的影响机制。结果表明:环境波高的增加会加剧月池水体运动所产生的非线性现象,月池中高频段的共振峰值增加,活塞共振峰值降低;平台运动与月池水体之间存在强耦合关系,月池共振和平台的运动响应均呈现双峰的特性;随着环境波高的增加,平台的垂荡响应幅值算子(RAO)幅值降低,纵摇RAO幅值增加。

月池共振  /  环境波高  /  非线性特征  /  平台运动

When the frequency of external wave excitation or that of platform motion approaches the natural frequency of the moonpool structure, intense resonance phenomena occur within the moonpool. Under such conditions, both the water inside the moonpool and the platform motion exhibit strong nonlinear characteristics. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) principles, this study conducts numerical simulations of a deep-draft cylindrical platform under regular wave action to investigate the influence mechanisms of incident wave frequency and environmental wave height on the coupled system of platform motion and moonpool water dynamics. The results indicate that increasing environmental wave height intensifies nonlinear phenomena in the moonpool water motion, characterized by enhanced resonance peaks in high-frequency bands and reduced piston-mode resonance peaks. A strong coupling relationship exists between platform motion and moonpool water dynamics, where both the moonpool resonance phenomena and platform motion responses demonstrate dual-peak characteristics. As the environmental wave height increases, the heave response amplitude operator (RAO) amplitude decreases, while the platform’s pitch RAO amplitude increases.

moonpool resonance  /  environmental wave height  /  nonlinear characteristics  /  platform motion
朱高平, 吕海宁, 秦睿, 刘翔宇. 深吃水圆筒型平台与月池耦合非线性特性研究. 船舶力学, 2026 , 30 (5) : 684 -698 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.003
Gao-ping ZHU, Hai-ning LÜ, Rui QIN, Xiang-yu LIU. Nonlinear coupling characteristics between deep-draft cylindrical platform and moonpool[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2026 , 30 (5) : 684 -698 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.003
月池作为一种特殊的海洋工程结构,当外界波浪频率与其固有频率相近时,月池内部的水体将发生共振现象,引发剧烈的振荡,这些振荡具体表现为垂直活塞运动和水平晃荡运动[1]。其中,剧烈的活塞运动可能导致“井喷”现象,对平台结构和设备造成砰击,而剧烈的晃荡运动则会直接影响平台稳定性,对人员及海上工程作业造成安全隐患[23]。在实际环境中,月池的共振现象还会与外界波浪、平台的运动产生耦合效应,使得平台和月池的水动力特性变得复杂,呈现强烈的非线性特征。
在早期的研究阶段,由于计算能力和技术条件受限,研究人员主要依赖试验方法或线性势流模型对月池流体共振问题进行研究。Fukuda[4]通过模型试验深入研究了月池内部流体的运动方式,并基于大量试验数据归纳出月池活塞共振固有频率的规律。Aalbers[5]认为月池内水体运动主要来源于波浪和船体运动,并验证了船体垂荡时月池的流体运动方程。Molin[1,6]通过整体流场积分推导,获得了无限水深下矩形月池内部水体共振频率,并进一步将方法拓展至有限水深条件。Guo等[7]对带有凹槽型月池的钻井船进行数值模拟,并与模型试验结果进行对比,认为凹槽会对水体高频运动产生不利影响。除此之外,由于势流理论会高估月池共振的幅值,Pauw等[8]在自由液面边界条件中引入线性耗散项来模拟流体的能量耗散,Lu等[9]则指出这种人工阻尼的选取需要通过试验结果进行推定。
随着计算流体力学方法的不断发展,对月池的研究也更加深入。Moradi[10]在研究二维月池时,发现底部圆角的涡旋减弱现象会导致月池共振幅值的增大。孙采薇等[11]对比了有无月池结构的钻井船运动特性,发现月池的活塞共振会增大船体的垂荡运动。石城等[12]通过研究多种船体运动自由度对月池自由液面的影响,发现纵摇和垂荡均会对月池内部水体爬升幅值产生显著影响。余勇军等[13]针对通海圆筒型FPSO,研究了入射波频率和月池开口形状对月池内部水体运动的影响。兰俊杰等[14]针对二维浮体的升沉运动对月池的影响进行研究,发现浮体的升沉运动会与月池水体运动产生耦合,从而改变月池的共振特性。Li等[15]通过改变圆筒型平台月池底部倒角情况,发现倒角的存在有利于减小平台垂荡运动,但会增加月池的活塞运动和平台的纵摇运动。童波[16]、白雪平[17]、郝未南[18]等均针对圆筒型平台的结构设计进行研究,通过增加或修改外部结构减少圆筒型平台的运动响应。
上述文献表明,圆筒型平台的研究重点主要集中在平台的运动抑制,针对圆筒型平台与月池之间耦合作用的研究相对较少。然而在实际海洋环境中,月池与平台的耦合效应会改变平台运动响应特性,因此两者的耦合研究必不可少。本文基于计算流体力学基本原理,以含有大开口月池的深吃水圆筒型平台为对象,研究了不同波高条件下静止月池内部流体运动特性,对比分析了平台运动状态下月池流场变化差异,并进一步对月池平台耦合系统的动力学关系进行探索,为圆筒型平台的优化和使用提供参考。
本文基于计算流体力学软件STAR-CCM+,采用重叠网格技术和并行计算方法,利用$ k-\varepsilon $湍流模型求解雷诺平均纳维斯托克斯方程(Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes,RANS),对圆筒型平台的运动响应和月池内部水体运动进行模拟。
对于不可压缩流体,Reynolds平均法(RANS)将湍流运动视为时间平均流动和瞬时脉动流动的叠加,即时均量和脉动量,得到Reynolds平均的N-S方程如下
$ \frac{\partial {u}_{i}}{\partial {x}_{i}}=0 $
$ \rho \frac{\partial u_i}{\partial t}+\rho u_j \frac{\partial u_i}{\partial x_j}=-\frac{\partial p}{\partial x_i}+\frac{\partial}{\partial x_j}\left(\mu \frac{\partial u_i}{\partial x_i}-\overline{\rho u_i^{\prime} u_j^{\prime}}\right)+\rho f_i$
式中:$ {u}_{i}和{u}_{j} $为速度分量的时均值,$ {x}_{i} $$ {x}_{j} $表示空间坐标,$ \rho $为密度,$ t $为时间,$ p $为压力,$ \mu $为动力粘度,$ u_{i}^{\prime}和u_{j}^{\prime} $为速度分量的脉冲量,$ {f}_{i} $表示单位质量力。其中,雷诺应力项$ -\overline{\rho u_i^{\prime} u_j^{\prime}} $导致方程不封闭,需要添加湍流模型,建立雷诺应力表达式,以封闭时间或网格平均后的方程组。
本文采用Realizable k−ε模型,其流动方程为
$ \frac{\partial }{\partial t}\left(\rho k\right)+\frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}\left(\rho k{u}_{i}\right)=\frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}\left[\left(\mu +\frac{{\mu }_{t}}{{\sigma }_{k}}\right)\frac{\partial k}{\partial {x}_{i}}\right]+{G}_{k}-\rho \varepsilon $
$ \frac{\partial }{\partial t}\left(\rho \varepsilon \right)+\frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}\left(\rho \varepsilon {u}_{i}\right)=\frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}\left[\left(\mu +\frac{{\mu }_{t}}{{\sigma }_{\varepsilon }}\right)\frac{\partial \varepsilon }{\partial {x}_{i}}\right]+\rho {C}_{1}S\varepsilon -\rho {C}_{2}\frac{{\varepsilon }^{2}}{k+\sqrt{\nu \varepsilon }} $
式中:$ k $为湍动能,$ {\sigma }_{k}和{\sigma }_{\varepsilon } $为湍动能普朗特数和湍流耗散率普朗特数,$ {\mu }_{{\mathrm{t}}}=\rho {C}_{\mu }\dfrac{{k}^{2}}{\varepsilon } $为湍流粘度系数,$ {G}_{k} $为湍动能生成项,$ S $为应变率模量,$ \nu $为运动粘度,$ {C}_{1}={\mathrm{MAX}}\left[0.43,\dfrac{\eta }{\eta +5}\right] $,其中$ \eta =\dfrac{Sk}{\varepsilon } $$ {C}_{2}\approx 1.9 $
为了验证势流修正方法的可行性以及CFD数值模拟的准确性,本文同时采用了传统势流模型以及线性修正势流模型,并将验证结果与CFD数据结果进行对比,其基本理论如下。
假设流体为无粘、无旋、不可压缩的理想流体,根据流动的连续性,其速度势函数$ \phi $满足拉普拉斯方程
$ {\nabla }^{2}\phi =0 $
在线性近似下,复速度势$ \varphi $是与时间无关的简谐函数,因此可以通过下式分离出$ \phi $中的时间项
$ \phi =\mathrm{Re}\left(\varphi {\text{e}}^{{\mathrm{i}}\boldsymbol{\omega }t}\right) $
其中,$ \omega $为入射波圆频率,$ t $为时间。
线性自由表面边界条件为
$ {\varphi }_{z}-k\varphi =0,\text{on }z=0 $
其中,$ k={\omega }^{2}/g $为波数,$ g $为重力加速度。
线性势流理论会过度预测月池内的自由水面高度,在月池区域内施加修正阻尼系数,人工引入粘性阻尼力[8],用来近似模拟流动中的粘性效应,修正后的自由表面边界条件为
$ {\varphi }_{{\mathrm{n}}}=k\varphi \left(1-2i\upsilon -{\upsilon }^{2}\right),\text{on }{S}_{{\mathrm{e}}} $
其中,$ \upsilon $为月池表面区域的修正阻尼因子,该阻尼因子是通过对比传统势流模型计算结果与试验数据,并逐步修正月池表面区域后得到的。
考虑规则入射波激励下月池内流体共振,即绕射问题。对于波浪与固定结构物相互作用问题,可以将总速度势分解为入射波浪速度势$ {\varphi }_{{\mathrm{I}}} $和绕射波浪速度势$ {\phi }_{{\mathrm{D}}} $,其表达式为
$ \varphi ={\varphi }_{{\mathrm{I}}}+{\varphi }_{{\mathrm{D}}} $
入射波速度势$ {\varphi }_{{\mathrm{I}}} $定义为
$ {\varphi }_{{\mathrm{I}}}=\frac{igA}{\omega }\frac{\cosh \left(kz+H\right)}{\cosh kH}{\text{e}}^{-k\left(x\cos \beta +y\sin \beta \right)} $
水底边界条件定义为
$ \frac{\partial \varphi }{\partial z}=0,\text{on }{S}_{{\mathrm{p}}} $
物面条件为
$ \frac{\partial \varphi }{\partial n}=0,\text{on }{S}_{{\mathrm{B}}} $
远场辐射条件为
$ \underset{R\rightarrow \mathrm{\infty }}{\lim }\sqrt{R}\left(\frac{\partial \varphi }{\partial R}-k\varphi \right)=0\text{,}R=\sqrt{{{x}}^{2}+{{y}}^{2}+{{z}}^{2}} $
其中,$ {\nabla }^{2} $为拉普拉斯算子,$ A $为入射波波幅,$ n $为湿表面外法向量,$ H $为水深,$ {S}_{{\mathrm{p}}}和{S}_{{\mathrm{B}}} $分别指水底和物体表面。
在数值模拟中,模型缩尺比为1∶60,平台设有上下贯通的月池结构,具体参数如表1所示。将模型导入STAR-CCM+软件中,并进行计算域划分,图1为波浪与平台作用的数值模型示意图,平台和月池的模型示意图如图2所示。以平台重心为原点建立笛卡尔坐标系,波浪的传播方向沿x轴正方向,平台左舷方向为y轴正方向,将计算域入口设置为速度进口,出口设置为压力出口,底部和顶部设置为壁面,两侧设置为对称平面。其中,数值水池的前端和末端分别设置了造波区和松弛区,通过Wave Forcing方法,确保在指定的区域内,离散化的N-S方程解能够趋近于理论解。
本文基于重叠网格方法,将计算域划分为背景网格区域与重叠网格区域,确保两者网格大小基本一致,从而构建交界面以实现数据传递。为了精准捕捉波浪运动及月池内部的流体运动特征,参考ITTC关于网格质量的建议,沿波高方向对特定范围内的网格进行加密处理,保证波高方向网格数量不少于10个,一个波长范围内网格数量不少于80个[19]。同时,对月池内部和平台底部区域进行网格加密,在确保库朗数不大于0.5的前提下,准确捕捉其流动状态。由于数值模拟涉及到平台运动,对平台周围区域的网格采用渐变加密策略。具体网格划分如图3所示。
本文采用Molin[1,6]总结的月池活塞和晃荡固有频率公式(14)~(17)进行估算,所得结果如表2所示。
$ {\omega }_{{\mathrm{p}}}=\sqrt{\frac{g}{h(1+C)}} $
$ C=\frac{1}{2{\text{π}} blh}\left({b}^{2}l{\sinh }^{-1}\left(\frac{l}{b}\right)+b{l}^{2}{\sinh }^{-1}\left(\frac{b}{l}\right)+\frac{1}{3}({b}^{3}+{l}^{3})-\frac{1}{3}{({{b}^{2}}+{{l}^{2}})}^{\tfrac{3}{2}}\right) $
$ {\omega }_{{\mathrm{n}}}=\sqrt{g\lambda \frac{1+{J}_{\mathrm{n}}\tanh (\lambda {h})}{{J}_{\mathrm{n}}+\tanh (\lambda {h})}} $
$ {J}_{{\mathrm{n}}}=\dfrac{2}{n{{\text{π}} }^{2}r\left(\displaystyle\int \limits_{0}^{1}\dfrac{{r}^{2}}{{u}^{2}\sqrt{{u}^{2}+{r}^{2}}}\left[1+(u-1)\cos ({n}{\text{π}} u)-\dfrac{\sin (n{\text{π}} u)}{{n}{\text{π}} }\right]{\mathrm{d}}u+\dfrac{1}{\sin {\theta }_{0}}-1\right)} $
式中:$ \lambda =n{\text{π}} /l $$ r=b/l $$ \tan {\theta }_{0}=1/r $$ l $$ b $$ h $分别为月池的长度、宽度和结构吃水。
在CFD数值模拟中,网格的划分对计算的时间成本和精度具有重要影响,通常需要对局部网格进行加密以确保效率和精度的平衡。本文采用速度入口边界造波的方法生成波高为0.05 m、周期为1.936 s的五阶Stokes波。根据国际拖曳水池会议(ITTC)关于网格质量的建议,本文采用切割体方法建立初始计算网格,确保波高方向网格数量不少于10个,且一个波长范围内网格数量不少于80个[19]。同时,为满足ITTC关于网格收敛性的要求,建立三种不同尺寸的重叠网格方案,分别对波高范围和月池内部区域进行不同程度的加密处理。加密区域的网格细化增长率分别为2.142和1.636,均高于ITTC建议的基准值$ \sqrt{2} $,具体网格尺寸如表3所示[20]
对比图4中造波区波面幅值时历曲线和月池内部波面响应曲线结果可见,三种网格方案所得结果的误差相对较小,但其中Mesh2方案所得结果与理论值更为接近。因此,综合考虑网格数量和计算效率,选择Mesh2方案进行后续数值模拟计算。
在网格收敛性分析的基础上,本文进一步针对计算时间步长进行无关性分析。对三种网格方案分别采用0.002 s、0.005 s和0.01 s三种不同的时间步长进行数值计算,得到结果如图5所示,其中X轴为时间历程。
根据图示结果分析,三种时间步长在造波区的波面幅值十分接近,其中时间步长为0.005 s时所得结果与理论值更为吻合。同时对比月池内部的波面响应,时间步长为0.01 s时计算所得库朗数偏大,对月池内部产生不利影响,而时间步长为0.005 s和0.002 s时则呈现收敛性。综合考虑计算成本因素,选择0.005 s作为后续数值计算的时间步长。
为了验证上述计算方案在模拟规则波作用下月池共振现象和平台运动情况的准确性,在上海交通大学海洋深水试验池进行了缩尺比为1∶60的模型试验。试验波浪沿月池短边入射,数值模拟条件与试验条件保持一致。
对比垂荡固有频率的入射波圆频率$ \omega $=0.285以及月池共振频率$ \omega $=0.419下的模型试验及数值计算结果(见图6,其中X轴的T为时间历程),模型试验情况下的垂荡幅值以及月池内部波面响应均略高于数值结果。这种差异源于模型试验中的造波结果略大于数值造波结果,同时模型试验中对平台进行了系泊,导致结果存在微小误差。但从整体情况来看,两者结果吻合较好,说明数值模拟结果具有较高准确性。
为了探究环境波高对月池内部水体运动产生的影响,针对三种不同入射波高条件下的平台进行了数值模拟。为便于后续对比分析,文中所有数据均已换算为实型值。如图7所示(其中X轴为时间历程),不同入射波圆频率下环境波高下月池中点的波浪爬升情况表明,随着环境波高的增大,月池内部水体运动更加活跃,且其增长呈现非线性特性。为进一步研究月池内部水体自振模态以及波高的影响,通过频域分析对月池内流体幅频响应的非线性特性进行探讨,结果如图8所示。
通过五个不同入射波频率的波面响应频谱分析可以发现,月池内部波浪爬升呈现出多峰的特征。具体而言,当波浪频率($ \omega $ = 0.523)远离月池活塞共振频率($ \omega $ = 0.419)时,频谱分析图中显现出三个峰值,它们分别对应于月池的活塞共振频率、波浪的入射频率以及月池的晃荡共振频率。在此情境下,不同环境波高的谱分析结果呈现出较小的差异,这是因为波高的无因次幅值均维持在较低水平,因此所导致的差异亦相对不显著。而当入射波频率靠近月池活塞共振频率时,随着归一化幅值的不断增加,月池晃荡频率的峰值也逐渐不可见,频谱曲线呈现出两个峰值。当入射波频率与活塞共振频率重合,频谱图中仅呈现一个重合的峰值。此时,对于环境波高为5 m和8 m的情况,其归一化幅值与3 m波高情况相比,分别从原先的4.44降低到3.64和2.93,降幅分别为18%和34%。
进一步对图9中高频段的频谱进行局部放大分析,可以发现:与月池的活塞共振频率和入射波频率类似,在高频情况下也存在三个独立的峰值,分别代表了月池的一阶晃荡频率($ \omega $ = 0.9)、二阶晃荡频率($ \omega $ = 1.27)和第三共振频率,该频率数值为入射波频率的两倍,且随入射波频率的变化而变化。对于月池的晃荡频率,通常情况下其归一化幅值保持不变,而在接近月池活塞共振频率时,其晃荡作用也相应地被放大,一阶晃荡频率与第三共振频率产生耦合,幅值急剧增加,二阶晃荡频率的归一化幅值达到0.04左右。同时,两个峰值均受到环境波高的影响,随着环境波高的增加,月池的晃荡频率峰值也随之增加。
图9展示了环境波高对平台中月池共振响应的影响。从图中可以看出,环境波高对于月池水体运动响应的主频率影响较小,三种环境波高下的响应主频率均为15 s。此外,当入射波频率接近月池活塞共振频率时,月池内流体归一化幅值随着环境波高的增加而减小,而当入射波频率远离月池活塞共振频率时,环境波高的变化对月池内流体的归一化幅值影响则基本可忽略不计。
为了解释上述现象所产生的原因,对不同环境波高下的月池活塞共振频率速度场进行对比分析,其结果如图10所示,其中T为一个波浪周期,图10(a)图10(b)图10(c)的波高分别为3 m、5 m和8 m。
对比三种环境波高下的月池速度场特征可以发现,三者的速度场变化十分类似。在月池内部自由液面瞬态上升阶段,月池内部水体流速在底部切口处发生突变。随着时间的推移,月池内部大部分流体开始做活塞运动。当自由液面达到最高点时,月池内部水体运动达到临界点,此时其内部水体运动方向不再保持垂直向上,而是在中部区域附近产生了涡旋现象。随着环境波高的增加,月池内部流速相应加快,流体运动更为剧烈,从而引起更多的涡旋运动和流动分离。然而,即便是在接近共振的条件下,较高的波高也能通过增加水体的动态响应来降低共振的振幅效应。
与粘流模型相比,传统势流模型高估了平台所受到的实际波浪力,使得月池内部水体共振幅值偏高。为提高势流模型在共振条件下的模拟精度,尝试引入人工阻尼对势流模型(见式(8))进行修正,从而实现对月池内部流体共振幅值的准确预测,其中,阻尼因子是通过对比传统势流模型计算结果与试验数据,并针对月池表面区域采用逐步修正而得到。本文基于CFD方法分析月池内部流体运动响应,通过对比修正前后的势流计算结果,验证了势流修正方法的可行性和粘流数值模拟的准确性。
图11展示了3 m波高下,平台静止和运动状态时月池内水体运动的归一化幅值曲线。如图所示,当入射波频率远离月池的共振频率时,势流理论与CFD数值结果基本一致,对应月池表面区域的修正阻尼因子$ \upsilon =0.013 $,这说明在此情况下平台的非线性响应较弱,势流理论能够准确预报月池内部波面响应。然而在月池共振频率处,尽管传统势流理论能够较为准确地得到月池共振以及平台运动所引发的共振频率,但由于未考虑粘性阻尼,其结果明显高估了月池内流体的共振响应幅值。鉴于此,对传统线性频域势流模型中的月池自由表面边界条件进行修改,以近似模拟月池内流体振荡过程中因流体粘性而产生的阻尼效应,得到修正势流解。修正后的势流解与CFD计算结果基本吻合,其共振频率和幅值误差均较小。这说明CFD计算能够比较准确地捕捉月池共振时的粘性效果,本文所采用的数值水池具有较好的准确性。
进一步对比运动和静止状态下月池内部的水体运动可以发现,在特定的入射频率下,静止平台仅存在一个峰值,而运动状态下的月池波面响应则呈现出双峰特征。这是因为月池内部水体运动与平台运动之间存在强耦合关系,这种耦合作用促使了第二个共振频率的出现。因此,在研究带月池的平台运动问题时,两者之间的耦合作用所产生的影响不可忽视。
为进一步研究月池内流体的幅频响应,本文对波高H = 3 m、处于运动状态下的平台数值结果进行频域分析,其中$ {\omega }_{0} $为入射波频率,结果如图12所示。
经过三个不同入射波频率的波面响应频谱分析可以发现,在入射波频率($ {\omega }_{0} $ = 0.30)远离平台垂荡固有频率时($ {\omega }_{0} $ = 0.27)时,频谱分析图中出现多个不同的峰值,其中,主共振频率对应入射波频率,而第二共振频率则与月池活塞共振频率相符;在2$ {\omega }_{0} $处,月池内存在小幅度的晃荡运动。此外,在4.3$ {\omega }_{0} $附近存在一个月池晃荡固有频率。随着入射波频率的减小,月池内波面响应在接近垂荡共振频率时显著提升,随后缓慢减小。值得注意的是,在低频范围存在一个峰值,其频率约为垂荡固有频率的0.33倍。此峰值在入射波频率达到垂荡固有频率时消失,这可能需要在工程实践中予以关注。
图13展示了环境波高对运动平台中月池共振响应的影响。与静止平台类似,环境波高并不会影响月池的活塞共振周期,但会使得月池共振所产生的归一化幅值降低。
为了探究环境波高对平台运动性能的影响,分别对不同波浪频率下具有垂荡和纵摇自由度的圆筒型平台进行了数值模拟。如图14所示,在特定的入射波频率作用下,平台的运动呈现出双峰的特性,其第一共振频率和第二共振频率分别对应平台运动固有频率和月池活塞共振频率。其中,垂荡RAO和纵摇RAO分别为垂荡或纵摇响应幅值与入射波波幅之比。
对比三种不同环境波高下的平台垂荡固有频率可以发现,随着入射波高的增大,平台的垂荡固有周期变化基本可以忽略,但平台两个共振频率的RAO幅值均降低。产生这种现象的可能原因是:入射波高的增加导致平台周围的流体运动速度增加,流体的动态响应加剧,进而促使平台运动引发强非线性现象,使平台周围产生了流动分离和涡旋现象,导致了RAO幅值的降低。
与垂荡运动的变化不同,随着环境波高的增加,平台整体纵摇RAO幅值呈增大趋势。其中,第二共振频率的幅值随环境波高的增加而显著提升,而第一共振频率的幅值虽有提升,但变化幅度相对较小。这种现象产生的原因是由于环境波高的增加促使了平台周边以及月池内部水体流速的加快,在月池的活塞共振频率附近,月池内部的水体运动与平台纵摇运动产生耦合效应,剧烈爬升的波浪对月池壁面施加压力,进而加剧了平台的纵摇运动。
特别地,在环境波高为8 m的情况下,纵摇RAO在频率$ \omega $ = 0.45时出现了第三个峰值。此时,纵摇运动的RAO正处于其固有频率的2倍位置,该频率下的速度场对比情况如图15所示,其中图15(a)为一个周期内速度最大时刻对比图,图15(b)则呈现了同一时刻的速度对比图。从图中可以看出,波高3 m和5 m的速度场对月池右壁面的影响主要集中在中下部分,而波高8 m的速度场对月池右壁面作用则集中在水面附近,同时由于波高8 m时的流速更大,对平台的作用力也更强,对此时的平台施加了一个纵摇力矩,进而导致纵摇幅值增加。这一结果充分说明复杂环境下平台运动所展现的非线性特性。
本文基于CFD数值模拟方法,通过改变外界环境波高对静止和运动状态下的圆筒型平台展开数值模拟研究,分析了不同波浪频率下的月池内部水体运动响应和平台运动规律,得到了以下结论:
(1) 当平台处于静止状态时,随着环境波高的增加,月池内部水体流动变得更加剧烈,水体的动态响应增加,导致月池的活塞共振归一化幅值降低。
(2) 月池内部水体存在强非线性运动,其高频段存在晃荡共振频率和第三共振频率等多个峰值,这些峰值会受到环境波高的激励而增加。
(3) 平台运动与月池水体间存在强耦合关系,导致平台在运动状态下出现双峰的特性。
(4) 随着环境波高的增加,平台的垂荡运动归一化幅值降低,平台的纵摇归一化幅值增加,大波高时可能引发倍频共振现象,工程设计中不可忽视这一现象。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.003
  • 接收时间:2025-08-06
  • 首发时间:2026-07-07
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-06
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    a.上海交通大学 海洋工程全国重点实验室,上海 200240
    b.上海交通大学 船舶海洋与建筑工程学院,上海 200240

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吕海宁(1979–),男,研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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