Article(id=1281324037242589682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281323885077447100, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.02.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750176000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783421056328, onlineDateStr=2026-07-07, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783421056328, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783421056328, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783421056328, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281323885077447100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2026', volume='30', issue='2', pageStart='177', pageEnd='340', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783421020049, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783422086911, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281328359892303896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281323885077447100, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281328359892303897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281323885077447100, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=282, endPage=294, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281324039415239161, articleId=1281324037242589682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Theoretical and experimental study on the bending performance of reinforced thermoplastic flexible composite pipes, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The accurate prediction of bending stiffness and damage mode is important for understanding the bending mechanical behavior of reinforced thermoplastic pipe (RTP). Presently, adopting two-dimensional theoretical models, or simplifing three-dimensional stress state based on Lekhnitskii stress function, are the two main common approaches to analyse the bending performance of composite flexible pipes. The methods above, however are, difficult to accurately predict the stress distribution of each layer and the initial damage critical point of RTP under bending conditions. This paper firstly conducted geometric analysis of the section shape of RTP under bending conditions, and established a parametric representation method based on geometric analysis for the section deformation of each layer. Considering the nonlinear stiffness degradation of the material, a three-dimensional constitutive relationship of RTP was established. Then, combined with the virtual work principle, an analysis model for the bending mechanical properties of RTP was established. Further, the four-point bending test was carried out to verify the rationality of the theoretical model, and the influence of initial ovality and winding angle on the bending stiffness of RTP was analyzed. The results show good agreement between experimental data and theoretical model calculations. The bending stiffness of RTP is mainly affected by the winding angle and slightly affected by the initial ovality.

, authors=Chen ZHANG1a, Min LOU1b, Yang-yang WANG1b, Lei WANG2, Bin WU1a, 3, Yu-xuan SHAO1b, authorsList=Chen ZHANG, Min LOU, Yang-yang WANG, Lei WANG, Bin WU, Yu-xuan SHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Min LOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of Ship Mechanics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281324059015221863, articleId=1281324037242589682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=CN, title=热塑性增强柔性复合管道弯曲性能的理论和实验研究, columnId=1241023038926410098, journalTitle=船舶力学, columnName=结构力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

准确的弯曲刚度和损伤模式预测对于深入了解热塑性增强柔性管道(RTP)的弯曲力学行为具有重要意义。目前,复合材料柔性管弯曲分析模型多采用二维理论模型或基于Lekhnitskii应力函数对其三维应力状态进行简化,难以精确预测RTP在弯曲工况下各层的应力分布及初始损伤临界点。本文首先针对RTP在弯曲工况下的截面形状进行几何分析,据此建立了各层截面变形的参数化表征方法,同时考虑材料的非线性刚度退化建立了RTP的三维本构关系,结合虚功原理构建了RTP弯曲力学性能分析模型。通过四点弯曲试验验证理论模型的合理性,并分析了初始椭圆度及缠绕角度对RTP弯曲刚度的影响规律。结果表明,实验结果与理论模型计算结果吻合度较高,RTP的弯曲刚度主要受缠绕角度的影响,初始椭圆度的影响较小。

, authors=张晨1a, 娄敏1b, 王阳阳1b, 王磊2, 吴斌1a, 3, 邵雨轩1b, authorsList=张晨, 娄敏, 王阳阳, 王磊, 吴斌, 邵雨轩, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=娄敏, authorNote=

张 晨(1999–),男,博士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
娄 敏(1981–),女,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:
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张 晨(1999–),男,博士研究生

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张 晨(1999–),男,博士研究生

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of RTPs in the local coordinate system with different initial ellipticity, figureFileSmall=uKjbC4Zu6CZBQbpOzdUiUQ==, figureFileBig=krt6b8LyE14ELDVmDnyo/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281324073393296046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281324037242589682, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同初始椭圆度的RTPs最外侧增强层局部坐标系下应力分布, figureFileSmall=uKjbC4Zu6CZBQbpOzdUiUQ==, figureFileBig=krt6b8LyE14ELDVmDnyo/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281324073456210607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281324037242589682, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Geometric parameters of the sample tube

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管道名称增强层层数管长/mm外保护层厚度/mm内衬层厚度/mm内径/mm外径/mm
样管141800254864
样管281800055064
样管3141800055067
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样管几何参数

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管道名称增强层层数管长/mm外保护层厚度/mm内衬层厚度/mm内径/mm外径/mm
样管141800254864
样管281800055064
样管3141800055067
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Material parameters of sample tube

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增强层内衬层和外保护层
弹性常数E1=28 000 MPaE2=E3=3200 MPaE=1200 MPa
ν23=0.3ν12=ν13=0.0343ν=0.38
G23=1230 MPaG12=G13=2700 MPa
强度参数XT=829 MPaXC=146 MPaσs=19 MPa
YT=ZT=25 MPaYC=ZC=49 MPa
X12=X13=18 MPaX23=18 MPa
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样管材料参数

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增强层内衬层和外保护层
弹性常数E1=28 000 MPaE2=E3=3200 MPaE=1200 MPa
ν23=0.3ν12=ν13=0.0343ν=0.38
G23=1230 MPaG12=G13=2700 MPa
强度参数XT=829 MPaXC=146 MPaσs=19 MPa
YT=ZT=25 MPaYC=ZC=49 MPa
X12=X13=18 MPaX23=18 MPa
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Bending stiffness of three types of RTP

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管道名称增强层层数理论模型/(N·m2四点弯曲试验/(N·m2误差/%
样管141072.251115.333.06
样管281452.581513.524.03
样管3142351.702455.324.22
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三种RTP的弯曲刚度

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管道名称增强层层数理论模型/(N·m2四点弯曲试验/(N·m2误差/%
样管141072.251115.333.06
样管281452.581513.524.03
样管3142351.702455.324.22
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热塑性增强柔性复合管道弯曲性能的理论和实验研究
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张晨 1a , 娄敏 1b , 王阳阳 1b , 王磊 2 , 吴斌 1a, 3 , 邵雨轩 1b
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2026,30(2): 282-294
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船舶力学 |结构力学 2026 , 30 (2) : 282 -294
热塑性增强柔性复合管道弯曲性能的理论和实验研究
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张晨1a, 娄敏1b , 王阳阳1b, 王磊2, 吴斌1a, 3, 邵雨轩1b
作者信息
  • 1a.中国石油大学(华东) 石油工程学院
  • 1b.中国石油大学(华东) 机电工程学院,山东 青岛 266580
  • 2中联重科股份有限公司,长沙 410013
  • 3.中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司,天津 300452
通讯作者:
娄 敏(1981–),女,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:
作者简介:

张 晨(1999–),男,博士研究生

Theoretical and experimental study on the bending performance of reinforced thermoplastic flexible composite pipes
Chen ZHANG1a, Min LOU1b , Yang-yang WANG1b, Lei WANG2, Bin WU1a, 3, Yu-xuan SHAO1b
Affiliations
  • 1a.China University of Petroleum (East China) School of Petroleum Engineering
  • 1b.China University of Petroleum (East China) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
  • 2.Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410013, China
  • 3.Tianjin Branch of CNOOC (China) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300452, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.02.009
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准确的弯曲刚度和损伤模式预测对于深入了解热塑性增强柔性管道(RTP)的弯曲力学行为具有重要意义。目前,复合材料柔性管弯曲分析模型多采用二维理论模型或基于Lekhnitskii应力函数对其三维应力状态进行简化,难以精确预测RTP在弯曲工况下各层的应力分布及初始损伤临界点。本文首先针对RTP在弯曲工况下的截面形状进行几何分析,据此建立了各层截面变形的参数化表征方法,同时考虑材料的非线性刚度退化建立了RTP的三维本构关系,结合虚功原理构建了RTP弯曲力学性能分析模型。通过四点弯曲试验验证理论模型的合理性,并分析了初始椭圆度及缠绕角度对RTP弯曲刚度的影响规律。结果表明,实验结果与理论模型计算结果吻合度较高,RTP的弯曲刚度主要受缠绕角度的影响,初始椭圆度的影响较小。

纤维增强柔性管  /  理论分析模型  /  弯曲性能  /  截面变形

The accurate prediction of bending stiffness and damage mode is important for understanding the bending mechanical behavior of reinforced thermoplastic pipe (RTP). Presently, adopting two-dimensional theoretical models, or simplifing three-dimensional stress state based on Lekhnitskii stress function, are the two main common approaches to analyse the bending performance of composite flexible pipes. The methods above, however are, difficult to accurately predict the stress distribution of each layer and the initial damage critical point of RTP under bending conditions. This paper firstly conducted geometric analysis of the section shape of RTP under bending conditions, and established a parametric representation method based on geometric analysis for the section deformation of each layer. Considering the nonlinear stiffness degradation of the material, a three-dimensional constitutive relationship of RTP was established. Then, combined with the virtual work principle, an analysis model for the bending mechanical properties of RTP was established. Further, the four-point bending test was carried out to verify the rationality of the theoretical model, and the influence of initial ovality and winding angle on the bending stiffness of RTP was analyzed. The results show good agreement between experimental data and theoretical model calculations. The bending stiffness of RTP is mainly affected by the winding angle and slightly affected by the initial ovality.

reinforced thermoplastic pipes  /  theoretical analysis model  /  bending performance  /  cross-section deformation
张晨, 娄敏, 王阳阳, 王磊, 吴斌, 邵雨轩. 热塑性增强柔性复合管道弯曲性能的理论和实验研究. 船舶力学, 2026 , 30 (2) : 282 -294 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.02.009
Chen ZHANG, Min LOU, Yang-yang WANG, Lei WANG, Bin WU, Yu-xuan SHAO. Theoretical and experimental study on the bending performance of reinforced thermoplastic flexible composite pipes[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2026 , 30 (2) : 282 -294 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.02.009
纤维增强热塑性柔性管(Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipes,简称RTP)是一种粘结型非金属柔性管,凭借质量轻、易安装、抗腐蚀和高柔性等特点,在深海油气开采工程中的重要性愈发突出。在生产、安装以及服役期间,由于卷筒缠绕和复杂的海洋环境载荷等因素,RTP极易发生过度弯曲[1-2],并伴随着截面变形现象。一旦管道发生弯曲失效,将造成生产作业中断,产生严重后果。因此,开展RTP的弯曲性能研究具有重要的工程应用价值。
目前,研究者主要采用经典层合板理论和数值模拟方法研究柔性管的弯曲力学行为。Lekhnitskii[3]提出各向异性弹性理论,建立了各向异性圆柱体的理论模型,研究了其在拉伸和弯曲载荷作用下的应力分布规律。Chouchaoui等[4-5]基于经典层合板理论建立了复合管道的理论模型,分析了缠绕角度和径厚比对管道在轴向拉伸、轴向压缩、弯曲以及扭转载荷下的力学性能的影响。Ding等[6]在均质化模型的基础上,建立连续损伤理论模型来研究RTP在弯矩作用下的渐进损伤,并通过四点弯曲实验验证了理论模型的准确性。林珊颖等[7]将柔性管简化为二维模型,基于非线性环理论建立了管道弯曲的平衡方程,进而研究了径厚比对柔性管弯曲力学性能的影响。由于RTP特殊的结构和材料属性,其弯曲时截面变形特性与金属管道有明显区别,目前关于RTP弯曲截面变形问题的研究尚处于起步阶段。Li等[8]提出了钢丝增强复合管道纯弯曲力学行为的理论模型,通过搜索分枝屈曲点找到屈曲载荷,并根据特征值分析得到了相应的屈曲模式。Liu等[9]通过特征值和Riks分析相结合的方法,模拟了RTP屈曲压溃行为,成功观测了管道不同的屈曲压溃模式。王诺思[10]、余彬彬[11]基于非线性环理论并结合J2塑性流动理论和虚功原理,建立了柔性管二维平面模型,对管道的极值型屈曲问题进行了研究。Yu等[12]利用数值模拟研究了RTP在外压和弯曲作用下的屈曲和后屈曲响应,并预测了其在组合载荷作用下的失效行为。Szabo等[13]通过非线性有限元模型研究了RTP在轴向压缩下的整体屈曲及截面失稳行为,并通过弯曲试验验证了有限元结果。Sharma等[14]将反双曲剪切变形理论进行扩展,建立了正交各向异性圆柱面层合板的理论模型,分析了不同载荷下圆柱面层合板的弯曲变形情况。
在结构简化的条件下,虽然经典层合板理论可快速求解结构的应力状态,但因忽略了层间应力导致无法精确计算结构的三维各向力学响应,更无法深入揭示复杂的损伤失效机理。而数值模拟方法通常需要进行复杂的二次开发才可准确地描述复合结构的三维力学行为及损伤起始演化,这给RTP弯曲力学行为的研究造成了阻碍。为此,本文通过理论创新建立了RTP三维弯曲理论分析模型,对RTP的弯曲失效机理进行了深入探究。首先针对RTP在弯曲工况下的截面形状开展几何分析,并基于此建立了各层截面变形的参数化表征方法,考虑材料的非线性刚度退化建立了RTP的三维本构关系,结合虚功原理构建了RTP弯曲力学性能分析模型。进一步通过四点弯曲试验验证理论模型的合理性,并分析了初始椭圆度及缠绕角度对RTP弯曲刚度的影响规律。
截面形状的参数化表征对理论模型的建立至关重要,本文假设RTP弯曲前初始截面的缺陷小到可以忽略,可视为完整圆形。由于管道各层之间通过加热熔合的方式进行粘结形成了层间界面,因此各层之间的变形应当是协调的,界面发生分层损伤的情形不在本文研究范围内。
为使后续理论推导及计算合理,其他必要假定如下:
(1)假设RTP各层中性面沿xy方向的偏移量较小,可忽略不计。(2)在弯曲过程中,截面保持平面且垂直于管道纵向轴线。(3)图1为弯曲工况下柔性管截面变形示意图,由图可知管道截面关于y轴对称,同时在假定(1)的基础上,忽略截面中性轴的偏移量,可以假定截面是关于x轴对称的,所以在点a和点n处没有环向位移。
应变分量可以表示为轴向位移uz、径向位移ur和环向位移uθ的函数。如图2所示,取AB四分之一圆弧进行分析,变形前AB为半径为R的中性面圆弧,在AB上选取初始圆弧PQ,对应的初始角度为dθ,该角度通过OBOP之间的圆心角θ来确定。在弯曲变形的过程中,AB点移动到A1B1,同时圆弧PQ移动到A1B1上的圆弧段P1Q1。该运动可以分为两个部分,第一部分由于环向运动,PQ移动到P'Q',如果点P的环向位移为$ {u}_{\theta } $,那么点Q的环向位移为$ {u}_{\theta }+\dfrac{\partial {u}_{\theta }}{\partial \theta }\text{d}\theta $,同时圆弧P'Q'的长度可以表示为$ R\text{d}\theta +\dfrac{\partial {u}_{\theta }}{\partial \theta }\text{d}\theta $;第二部分由于存在径向位移,因此圆弧P'Q'移动到P1Q1。根据几何关系并利用二项式定理,可以将弧段P1Q1的长度近似表示为
$\begin{split}&{P}_{1}{Q}_{1}=\sqrt{{P}_{1}{Q}^{\prime \prime 2}+{Q}^{\prime \prime}{Q}_{1}^{2}}=\sqrt{{\left(\frac{\partial {u}_{{\mathrm{r}}}^{\left(0\right)}}{\partial \theta }\text{d}\theta \right)}^{2}+{\left(R\text{d}\theta +\frac{\partial {u}_{\theta }^{\left(0\right)}}{\partial \theta }\text{d}\theta -{u}_\text{r}^{\left(0\right)}\text{d}\theta \right)}^{2}}\approx \\&\qquad R\text{d}\theta \left[1+\frac{\partial {u}_{\theta }^{\left(0\right)}}{R\partial \theta }-\frac{{u}_\text{r}^{\left(0\right)}}{R}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\partial {u}_{\theta }^{\left(0\right)}}{R\partial \theta }-\frac{{u}_\text{r}^{\left(0\right)}}{R}\right)+\frac{1}{2}{\left(\frac{\partial {u}_\text{r}^{\left(0\right)}}{R\partial \theta }\right)}^{2}\right] \end{split}$
式中:上标(0)代表中性面上各项分量。
中性面P点的环向应变分量等于PQ的长度增量除以其初始长度,计算公式为
$ \varepsilon _{\theta }^{(0)}=\frac{{P}_{1}{Q}_{1}-PQ}{PQ}=\frac{\partial u_{\theta }^{(0)}}{R\partial \theta }-\frac{{u}_\text{r}^{(0)}}{R}+\frac{1}{2{R}^{2}}{\left(\frac{\partial u_{\theta }^{(0)}}{\partial \theta }-{u}_\text{r}^{(0)}\right)}^{2}+\frac{1}{2{R}^{2}}{\left(\frac{\partial {u}_\text{r}^{(0)}}{\partial \theta }\right)}^{2} $
进一步分析中性面任意一点的轴向应变,当RTP受到弯曲载荷时,变形后管道轴向中性面的弯曲半径为Rw,变形管的圆心角为φw。根据假定(1)可知,变形过程中轴向中性面长度保持不变,因此RTP弯曲前的管长为Rwφw,可以得到中间横截面的中性面轴向应变分量表达式为
$ \varepsilon _{z}^{(0)}={\varepsilon }_{{z0}}+({R}_{\text{wp}}{\varphi }_\text{w}-{R}_\text{w}{\varphi }_\text{w})/({R}_\text{w}{\varphi }_\text{w})={\varepsilon }_{{z0}}+[(R-{u}_\text{r}^{\left(0\right)})\mathit{\sin } \theta +u_{\theta }^{\left(0\right)}\mathit{\cos } \theta ]/{R}_\text{w} $
式中:εz0为管道中性面除去截面椭圆化变形影响后的轴向应变,Rwp为管道任意点P处的弯曲半径。
同时进一步分析图2的几何关系可得剪切应变分量$ \gamma _{\text{r}\theta}^{(0)} $的表达式为
$ \gamma _{\text{r}\theta}^{(0)}={\mathrm{arctan}} \left[\left(\frac{\partial u_{{\mathrm{r}}}^{\left(0\right)}}{\partial \theta }\text{d}\theta \right)/\left(R\text{d}\theta +\frac{\partial u_{\theta }^{\left(0\right)}}{\partial \theta }\text{d}\theta -u_{{\mathrm{r}}}^{\left(0\right)}\text{d}\theta \right)\right]\approx \left(\frac{\partial u_{{\mathrm{r}}}^{\left(0\right)}}{\partial \theta }\right)/\left(R+\frac{\partial u_{\theta }^{(0)}}{\partial \theta }-u_{{\mathrm{r}}}^{(0)}\right) $
距RTP各层中性面l处的应变分量$ {\varepsilon }_{i} $可用中性面应变分量$ \varepsilon _{i}^{(0)} $表示为[15]
$ {\varepsilon }_{i}=\frac{1}{1+\dfrac{x}{{R}_{i}}}\varepsilon _{i}^{(0)}\left({u}_{\theta },{u}_{{\mathrm{r}}}\right),(i=\theta ,z) $
根据公式(2)、(3)及(4)可以得出各应变分量表达式为
$\left\{\begin{aligned}&{\varepsilon }_{\theta }=\left[\dfrac{\partial {u}_{\theta }}{R\partial \theta }-\dfrac{{u}_{{\mathrm{r}}}}{R}+\dfrac{1}{2{R}^{2}}{\left(\dfrac{\partial {u}_{\theta }}{\partial \theta }-{u}_\text{r}\right)}^{2}+\dfrac{1}{2{R}^{2}}{\left(\dfrac{\partial {u}_\text{r}}{\partial \theta }\right)}^{2}\right]\dfrac{R}{R+\left(r-R\right)}+{\varepsilon }_{\text{θ0}}\\&{\varepsilon }_\text{r}={\varepsilon }_{\text{r0}}\\&{\varepsilon }_{z}=\left[{\varepsilon }_{{z0}}+\dfrac{\left(R-{u}_\text{r}\right)}{{R}_\text{w}}\mathit{\sin } \theta +\dfrac{{u}_{\theta }}{{R}_\text{w}}{\mathrm{cos}}\theta \right]\dfrac{{R}_\text{w}+R\mathit{\sin } \theta }{{R}_\text{w}+R\mathit{\sin } \theta +\left(r-R\right)}\\ &{\gamma }_{\text{r}\theta}=\dfrac{1}{R}\dfrac{\partial {u}_\text{r}}{\partial \theta }\dfrac{R}{R+\left(r-R\right)}\end{aligned}\right. $
式中:uruθ表示任意圆柱面(半径为r)上一点的径向位移和环向位移,可表示为
$ \left\{\begin{aligned}& {u}_{\theta }=u_{\theta }^{(0)}+\left(r-R\right)\left(\frac{u_{\theta }^{(0)}}{R}+\frac{\partial u_{{\mathrm{r}}}^{(0)}}{R\partial \theta }\right)\\&{u}_\text{r}={u}_\text{r}^{(0)}\end{aligned}\right. $
同时uruθ可以通过三角级数展开,表示为[16]
$ \begin{cases} {u}_\text{r}^{(0)}=ra\mathit{\cos } 2\theta \\ u_{\theta }^{(0)}=rb\mathit{\sin } 2\theta \\ \end{cases} $
式中:ab为无量纲系数。
将公式(8)与公式(7)代入到公式(6)可得
$\left\{\begin{aligned}& {\varepsilon }_{\theta }=\left(2b-4a\right)\mathit{\cos } 2\theta +\left(6ab-12{a}^{2}\right){\mathit{\cos }}^{2} 2\theta +(r/R)[\left(8{a}^{2}-8ab+2{b}^{2}\right){\mathit{\cos }}^{2} 2\theta ]+\\ &\qquad \left(R/r\right)\left(\frac{9}{2}{a}^{2}{\mathit{\cos }}^{2} 2\theta +2{a}^{2}{\mathit{\sin }}^{2} 2\theta +3a\mathit{\cos } 2\theta \right)+{\varepsilon }_{\theta\text{0}}\\&{\varepsilon }_{z}=\left({R}_\text{w}+R\mathit{\sin } \theta \right)[{\varepsilon }_{{z0}}+(R/{R}_\text{w})\left(\mathit{\sin } \theta -a\mathit{\cos } 2\theta \mathit{\sin } \theta +2a\mathit{\sin } 2\theta \mathit{\cos } \theta \right)+\\&\qquad (r/{R}_\text{w})\left(b-2a\right)\mathit{\sin } 2\theta \mathit{\cos } \theta ]/({R}_\text{w}+R\mathit{\sin } \theta +\left(r-R\right))\\&{\gamma }_{\text{r}\theta}=(-2Ra\mathit{\sin } 2\theta )/r\end{aligned}\right. $
本文假定管道在承受载荷前有一定初始椭圆率d,即管道承受载荷之前有一初始位移。
$ \begin{split}&{u}_{{\mathrm{r}}0}^{\left(0\right)}=-rd{\mathrm{cos}}2\theta \\&{u}_{\theta 0}^{\left(0\right)}=r\frac{d}{2}{\mathrm{sin}}2\theta\\&d={(D}_{{\mathrm{max}}}-{D}_{{\mathrm{min}}})/{(D}_{{\mathrm{max}}}+{D}_{{\mathrm{min}}})\end{split} $
式中:Dmax为初始椭圆的长轴直径,单位为mm;Dmin为初始椭圆的短轴直径,单位为mm。
由于管道的初始状态下内部无初始的应力和应变,因此计算过程中应减去引入初始位移时产生的应变,故环向应变改为以下形式
$\left\{\begin{aligned}& {\varepsilon }_{\theta }=\left(2b-4a-5d\right)\mathit{\cos } 2\theta +\left(6ab-12{a}^{2}+15{d}^{2}\right){\mathit{\cos }}^{2} 2\theta + \left(r/R\right)\left(8{a}^{2}-8ab+2{b}^{2}-\frac{25}{2}{d}^{2}\right){\mathit{\cos }}^{2} 2\theta+ \\&\qquad \left(R/r\right)\left[\frac{9}{2}\left({a}^{2}-{d}^{2}\right){\mathit{\cos }}^{2} 2\theta +2\left({a}^{2}-{d}^{2}\right){\mathit{\sin }}^{2} 2\theta +3\left(a+d\right)\mathit{\cos } 2\theta \right]\\&{\gamma }_{\text{r}\theta}=\left[-2R\left(a+d\right)\mathit{\sin } 2\theta \right]/r\end{aligned}\right. $
RTP内衬层和外保护层的本构关系可用胡克定律描述,变量的上标iso代表该层是各向同性的。
$ \left[\begin{matrix}{\sigma }_{z}\\ {\sigma }_{\theta }\\ {\sigma }_\text{r}\\ {\tau }_{{{\mathrm{r}}\theta }}\\ {\tau }_{{{\mathrm{r}}z}}\\ {\tau }_{{z\theta }}\\ \end{matrix}\right]=\left[\begin{matrix}C_{11}^{(iso)} & C_{12}^{(iso)} & C_{13}^{(iso)} & 0 & 0 & 0\\ C_{21}^{(iso)} & C_{22}^{(iso)} & C_{23}^{(iso)} & 0 & 0 & 0\\ C_{31}^{(iso)} & C_{32}^{(iso)} & C_{33}^{(iso)} & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & C_{44}^{(iso)} & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & C_{55}^{(iso)} & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & C_{66}^{(iso)}\\ \end{matrix}\right]\left[\begin{matrix}{\varepsilon }_{z}\\ {\varepsilon }_{\theta }\\ {\varepsilon }_{{\mathrm{r}}}\\ {\gamma }_{{{\mathrm{r}}\theta }}\\ {\gamma }_{{{\mathrm{r}}z}}\\ {\gamma }_{{z\theta }}\\ \end{matrix}\right] $
RTP第k层增强层的本构关系表达式为
$ \left[\begin{matrix}{\sigma }_{z}\\ {\sigma }_{\theta }\\ {\sigma }_{{\mathrm{r}}}\\ {\tau }_{\text{r}\theta}\\ {\tau }_{\text{r}z}\\ {\tau }_{{z\theta}}\\ \end{matrix}\right]=\left[\begin{matrix}C_{11}^{(k)} & C_{12}^{(k)} & C_{13}^{(k)} & 0 & 0 & C_{16}^{(k)}\\ C_{21}^{(k)} & C_{22}^{(k)} & C_{23}^{(k)} & 0 & 0 & C_{26}^{(k)}\\ C_{31}^{(k)} & C_{32}^{(k)} & C_{33}^{(k)} & 0 & 0 & C_{36}^{(k)}\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & C_{44}^{(k)} & C_{45}^{(k)} & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & C_{54}^{(k)} & C_{55}^{(k)} & 0\\ C_{61}^{(k)} & C_{62}^{(k)} & C_{63}^{(k)} & 0 & 0 & C_{66}^{(k)}\\ \end{matrix}\right]\left[\begin{matrix}{\varepsilon }_{z}\\ {\varepsilon }_{\theta }\\ {\varepsilon }_{{\mathrm{r}}}\\ {\gamma }_{\text{r}\theta}\\ {\gamma }_{\text{r}z}\\ {\gamma }_{{z\theta}}\\ \end{matrix}\right] $
若想获取弯曲加载过程中的管道截面变形,需求解无量纲系数ab,本文采用应变能理论进行求解。单位长度柔性管的虚应变能表示为
$ \delta {U}_{{\mathrm{m}}}={\sum }_{k}\int \limits_{0}^{2\text{π} }\int \limits_{r_{1}^{(k)}}^{r_{2}^{(k)}}\left({\hat{\sigma }}_{z}\delta {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{z}+{\hat{\sigma }}_{\theta }\delta {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{\theta }+{\hat{\sigma }}_\text{r}\delta {\dot{\varepsilon }}_\text{r}+2{\hat{\tau }}_{\text{r}\theta}\delta {\dot{\gamma }}_{\text{r}\theta}\right)r{\mathrm{d}}r\text{d}\theta $
式中:$ \left(\hat{\;}\right) $表示变量的当前值,$ \left(\right) $表示变量在上一个载荷步的值,而$ \left(\cdot\right) $表示载荷步间变量的增量,且有$\left(\hat{\;}\right) =()+(\cdot) $k表示柔性管层数。
根据虚功原理,管道在加载任意时刻都满足的平衡状态方程可表示为
$ \delta {U}_{{\mathrm{m}}}=\delta W=0 $
式中:δUm为柔性管结构的虚应变能,单位为J·m−3δW为外载荷做的虚功,单位为J·m−3
加载过程中外力所做的虚功δW=0,求解式(15)需要计算应变增量对abεz0等未知参数的偏导,故得到以下方程组
$ \begin{aligned}&\frac{\partial {U}_{m}}{\partial a}={\sum }_{k}{\int }_{0}^{2\text{π} }{\int }_{{r}_{1}^{\left(k\right)}}^{{r}_{2}^{\left(k\right)}}\left({\hat{\sigma }}_{z}\frac{\partial {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{z}}{\partial a}+{\hat{\sigma }}_{\theta }\frac{\partial {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{\theta }}{\partial a}+{\hat{\sigma }}_\text{r}\frac{\partial {\dot{\varepsilon }}_\text{r}}{\partial a}+2{\hat{\tau }}_{\text{r}\theta}\frac{\partial {\dot{\gamma }}_{\text{r}\theta}}{\partial a}\right)r{\mathrm{d}}r\text{d}\theta =0\\&\frac{\partial {U}_{m}}{\partial b}={\sum }_{k}{\int }_{0}^{2\text{π} }{\int }_{{r}_{1}^{\left(k\right)}}^{{r}_{2}^{\left(k\right)}}\left({\hat{\sigma }}_{z}\frac{\partial {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{z}}{\partial b}+{\hat{\sigma }}_{\theta }\frac{\partial {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{\theta }}{\partial b}+{\hat{\sigma }}_\text{r}\frac{\partial {\dot{\varepsilon }}_\text{r}}{\partial b}+2{\hat{\tau }}_{\text{r}\theta}\frac{\partial {\dot{\gamma }}_{\text{r}\theta}}{\partial b}\right)r{\mathrm{d}}r\text{d}\theta =0\\&\frac{\partial {U}_{m}}{\partial {\varepsilon }_{{z0}}}={\sum }_{k}{\int }_{0}^{2\text{π} }{\int }_{{r}_{1}^{\left(k\right)}}^{{r}_{2}^{\left(k\right)}}\left({\hat{\sigma }}_{z}\frac{\partial {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{z}}{\partial {\varepsilon }_{{z0}}}+{\hat{\sigma }}_{\theta }\frac{\partial {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{\theta }}{\partial {\varepsilon }_{{z0}}}+{\hat{\sigma }}_\text{r}\frac{\partial {\dot{\varepsilon }}_\text{r}}{\partial {\varepsilon }_{{z0}}}+2{\hat{\tau }}_{\text{r}\theta}\frac{\partial {\dot{\gamma }}_{\text{r}\theta}}{\partial {\varepsilon }_{{z0}}}\right)r{\mathrm{d}}r\text{d}\theta =0 \end{aligned}$
将位移函数(7)代入应变表达式(11)中可得应变增量,随后将应变增量代入结构本构关系式(12)和(13),可得应力增量,将所得的应变、应力增量代入虚应变能表达式(14)后,根据平衡状态可得偏微分方程组(16),对偏微分方程组(16)使用Newton–Raphson方法进行迭代求解,满足收敛条件后,更新各参数值。Newton–Raphson迭代公式为
$ \left[\begin{matrix}x_{1}^{k+1}\\ x_{2}^{k+1}\\ \vdots \\ x_{n}^{k+1}\\ \end{matrix}\right]=\left[\begin{matrix}x_{1}^{k}\\ x_{2}^{k}\\ \vdots \\ x_{n}^{k}\\ \end{matrix}\right]-{\left[{F}^{'}\left({x}^{k}\right)\right]}^{-1}\left[\begin{matrix}{f}_{1}\left(x_{1}^{k},x_{2}^{k},\cdots ,x_{n}^{k}\right)\\ {f}_{2}\left(x_{1}^{k},x_{2}^{k},\cdots ,x_{n}^{k}\right)\\ \vdots \\ {f}_{n}\left(x_{1}^{k},x_{2}^{k},\cdots ,x_{n}^{k}\right)\\ \end{matrix}\right] $
同时,求得当前载荷步所对应的弯矩M
$ M={\sum }_{k}\int \limits_{0}^{2\text{π} }\int \limits_{r_{1}^{(k)}}^{r_{2}^{(k)}}{\hat{\sigma }}_{z}r\left[\left(r-{u}_\text{r}\right)\mathit{\sin } \theta +{u}_{\theta }\mathit{\cos } \theta \right]{\mathrm{d}}r\text{d}\theta $
Hashin–Yeh失效准则是一种关联失效准则,可将材料的失效预测和退化模型直接联系起来,已逐渐成为复合材料渐进损伤分析中最常用的失效准则[1720]。本文考虑了三维应力状态对各失效模式的影响,对Hashin–Yeh失效准则进一步优化来预测RTP各向异性玻纤带的失效模式,分析不同载荷下各失效模式的控制载荷转变。同时鉴于von Mises应力准则[21]被广泛应用于各向同性材料的失效预测,因此将该准则应用于内衬层和外保护层的屈服失效评估。综上,本文采用的失效准则为
$ \text{von Mises应力准则}\qquad ({\sigma }_{1}-{\sigma }_{2}{)}^{2}+({\sigma }_{2}-{\sigma }_{3}{)}^{2}+({\sigma }_{3}-{\sigma }_{1}{)}^{2}+6(\tau _{12}^{2}+\tau _{13}^{2}+\tau _{23}^{2})=2\sigma _{s}^{2} $
$ \text{纤维拉伸失效}(\sigma _{1}\geqslant 0):\qquad ({\sigma }_{1}/{X}_{T}{)}^{2}+({\tau }_{12}/{X}_{12}{)}^{2}+({\tau }_{13}/{X}_{13}{)}^{2}={R}_{\text{ft}} $
$ \text{纤维压缩失效}(\sigma _{1}<0):\qquad {\left({\sigma }_{1}/{X}_{C}\right)}^{2}={R}_{\text{fc}} $
$ \text{纤维基体剪切失效}:\qquad {\left({\sigma }_{1}/{X}_{C}\right)}^{2}+{\left({\tau }_{12}/{X}_{12}\right)}^{2}+{\left({\tau }_{13}/{X}_{13}\right)}^{2}={R}_{{\mathrm{s}}} $
$ \text{基体拉伸失效}(\sigma _{2}\geqslant 0):\qquad {{{[(\sigma }_{2}}+{{\sigma }_{3}})/{{Y}_{T}}]}^{2}+\left(\tau _{23}^{2}-{\sigma }_{2}{\sigma }_{3}\right)/X_{23}^{2}+({\tau }_{12}/{X}_{12}{)}^{2}+({\tau }_{13}/{X}_{13}{)}^{2}={R}_{\text{mt}} $
$ \begin{split}\text{基体压缩失效}(\sigma _{2}<0):\qquad& \left[{\left({Y}_{c}/2{X}_{23}\right)}^{2}-1\right]\left({\sigma }_{2}+{\sigma }_{3}\right)/{Y}_{C}+{\left({\sigma }_{2}+{\sigma }_{3}\right)}^{2}/4{X}_{23}^{2}++\\&({\tau }_{23}^{2}-{\sigma }_{2}{\sigma }_{3})/{X}_{23}^{2}+{\left({\tau }_{12}/{X}_{12}\right)}^{2}+{\left({\tau }_{13}/{X}_{13}\right)}^{2}={R}_{\text{mc}}\end{split} $
$ \text{拉伸分层失效}(\sigma _{3}\geqslant 0):\qquad {\left({\sigma }_{3}/{Z}_{T}\right)}^{2}+{\left({\tau }_{13}/{X}_{13}\right)}^{2}+{\left({\tau }_{23}/{X}_{23}\right)}^{2}={R}_{\text{td}} $
$ \text{压缩分层失效}(\sigma _{3}<0):\qquad {\left({\sigma }_{3}/{Z}_{C}\right)}^{2}+{\left({\tau }_{13}/{X}_{13}\right)}^{2}+{\left({\tau }_{23}/{X}_{23}\right)}^{2}={R}_{\text{cd}} $
式中:σ1σ2σ3τ12τ13τ23为各方向的正应力和剪应力分量,单位为MPa;σs为内衬层和外保护层材料的屈服应力,单位为MPa;XTXCYTYCZTZCX12X13以及X23为增强层玻纤带强度参数,单位为MPa;$ {R}_{i}(i={\mathrm{ft}},{\mathrm{fc}},{\mathrm{mt}},{\mathrm{mc}},{\mathrm{s}},{\mathrm{td}},{\mathrm{cd}}) $为失效因子,下标为公式(20)~(26)所描述的不同失效模式的英文缩写。当失效因子大于1时代表该失效模式开始发生[22]
RTP第k层完整玻纤带的柔度矩阵为
$ \boldsymbol{S}_{\mathbf{0}}^{(\boldsymbol{k})}=\left[\begin{matrix}S_{11}^{(k)} & S_{12}^{(k)} & S_{13}^{(k)} & 0 & 0 & 0\\ S_{21}^{(k)} & S_{22}^{(k)} & S_{23}^{(k)} & 0 & 0 & 0\\ S_{31}^{(k)} & S_{32}^{(k)} & S_{33}^{(k)} & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & S_{44}^{(k)} & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & S_{55}^{(k)} & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & S_{66}^{(k)}\\ \end{matrix}\right] $
式中:$ S_{0ij}^{(k)} $为材料坐标系下玻纤带柔度矩阵参数。
当复合材料出现损伤时,利用退化因子di建立非线性刚度退化模型,当α=0时为线性退化,当α=1, 2, 3···n时为相应的指数退化[2325]
$ {d}_{i}=1-1/R_{i}^{\alpha },({R}_{i}\geq 1,\alpha \geq 1;i={\mathrm{ft}},{\mathrm{fc}},{\mathrm{mt}},{\mathrm{mc}},{\mathrm{s}},{\mathrm{td}},{\mathrm{ld}}) $
鉴于同一增强层中可能同时发生不同的失效模式,因此定义损伤参数wii= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)以确定主要的失效模式,其表达式如下[26]
$\begin{aligned}&{d}_{f}=\text{max}(0.0,{d}_{\text{ft}},{d}_{\text{fc}}),{d}_{m}=\text{max}(0.0,{d}_{\text{mt}},{d}_{\text{mc}}),{d}_{d}=\text{max}(0.0,{d}_{\text{ld}})\\&{w}_{1}=\text{max}(0.0,{d}_{f}),{w}_{2}=\text{max}(0.0,{d}_{f},{d}_{m}),{w}_{3}=\text{max}(0.0,{d}_{f},{d}_{d})\\&{w}_{4}=\text{max}(0.0,{d}_{f},{d}_{d}),{w}_{5}=\text{max}(0.0,{d}_{f},{d}_{d}),{w}_{6}=\text{max}(0.0,{d}_{f},{d}_{m})\end{aligned} $
实际计算过程中,由于应力场分布和缠绕角变化的复杂性,损伤参数的变化是非线性的。根据公式(27)至公式(29)可将不同失效模式的影响转化为RTP增强层刚度退化。综上可得到损伤玻纤带在材料坐标系下的柔度矩阵为
$ {\boldsymbol{S}}^{(\boldsymbol{k})}=\left[\begin{matrix}\dfrac{S_{11}^{(k)}}{1-{w}_{1}} & S_{12}^{(k)} & S_{13}^{(k)} & 0 & 0 & 0\\ S_{21}^{(k)} & \dfrac{S_{22}^{(k)}}{1-{w}_{2}} & S_{23}^{(k)} & 0 & 0 & 0\\ S_{31}^{(k)} & S_{32}^{(k)} & \dfrac{S_{33}^{(k)}}{1-{w}_{3}} & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \dfrac{S_{44}^{(k)}}{1-{w}_{4}} & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \dfrac{S_{55}^{(k)}}{1-{w}_{5}} & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \dfrac{S_{66}^{(k)}}{1-{w}_{6}}\\ \end{matrix}\right] $
式中:$ S_{{ij}}^{(k)} $为材料坐标系下玻纤带柔度矩阵参数。
理论模型求解过程采用Matlab软件编制计算程序实现,加载过程采用逐次迭代的方式进行模拟,模型计算过程如图3所示。
为验证理论模型合理性,对100T电液伺服疲劳试验机进行改造,依据ASTM 6272–17[27]开展RTP四点弯曲试验研究,试验装置及试验样管见图4所示,样管结构参数见表1,材料参数见表2。试验样管总长为1800 mm(含接头),样管两端内置刚性接头各550 mm,缠绕角度为55°,样管两端自由放置于支撑架上,支撑点与加载轴作用于样管刚性段。试验过程中保持加载速度恒定在0.1 mm·s−1,为保证试验段有足够长度承受均匀的纯弯曲载荷,试验段长度大于5倍管径。记录试验机输出的位移与载荷时程曲线,并根据试验数据与试验机几何特性推导得出弯矩与曲率的关系。分别对4、8和14层RTP样管开展四点弯曲试验,其中4层样管带外保护层,其余样管无外保护层。
试验过程中准静态加载,记录试验过程中的位移Δ与载荷F,并可根据几何关系计算求得样管的弯曲刚度,计算公式为
$ \theta ={\arctan } (\mathit{\Delta }/{L}_{2}) $
$ R={L}_{1}/2\theta $
$ EI=F{L}_{2}R $
式中:Δ为加载轴位移,单位为m;F为加载力,单位为N;θ为刚性段倾斜角,单位为rad;R为样管试验段曲率半径,单位为m;EI为样管弯曲刚度,单位为N·m2
表1中的三条样管为例,采用建立的理论模型预测其弯曲刚度并与四点弯曲试验测得值进行对比,结果见表3所示。根据对比结果可知,理论模型预测结果与试验结果的平均误差为3.77%,最大误差为4.22%,证明了本文建立的理论模型的准确性。
以4层RTP为例开展初始椭圆度及缠绕角对其弯曲刚度的影响规律研究。RTP结构参数见表1所示,旨在为柔性管结构设计提供理论参考。
由于缠绕角度决定了复合材料正交各向异性在整体柱面坐标系中的取向,玻纤带的缠绕角度显著影响RTP弯曲刚度及应力分布。为研究缠绕角对RTP弯曲性能的影响,以样管1为例,假定初始椭圆度为0,选取了8个缠绕角度分别进行计算,角度范围在±15°至±85°之间。图5展示了RTP弯曲刚度及初始损伤弯矩随缠绕角度的变化趋势。
整体而言,RTP的弯曲刚度及初始损伤弯矩变化趋势略有不同,弯曲刚度随着缠绕角的增大明显降低。以55°为临界点,当缠绕角小于55°时,弯曲刚度下降趋势显著;当缠绕角超过55°后,弯曲刚度下降趋势显著变缓。对初始损伤而言,缠绕角≤35°时,初始损伤模式为纤维/基体剪切失效;当缠绕角>35°后,损伤模式转换为基体拉伸失效,同时初始损伤弯矩随着缠绕角增加先显著下降,当缠绕角超过65°后开始逐渐上升。对增强层复合材料而言,其在材料坐标系中1方向的弹性模量远大于2、3方向,在弯曲的初始阶段椭圆化程度较低,RTP的内外半径等几何参数可近似认为是常数,因此界面惯性矩为固定值,此时RTP整体轴向弹性模量对其弯曲刚度影响最为显著。缠绕角度越大,则增强层复合材料1方向的弹性模量对RTP整体轴向弹性模量贡献越小,因此弯曲刚度随着缠绕角度增加而呈现下降趋势。当缠绕角超过55°后,弯曲刚度下降趋势变缓,此时增强层1方向的弹性模量对RTP轴向弹性模量贡献较小,即此时纤维在抵抗弯曲载荷方面难以发挥作用。
为进一步揭示初始损伤失效弯矩随缠绕角的变化规律及失效模式的转换机制,通过计算得到了增强层在局部坐标系下应力分布随缠绕角的变化,如图6所示。增强层是主要承载结构,同时增强层各层之间应力大小与分布规律相差较小,因此取100 N·m弯矩下最外层增强层应力分布为例进行对比。根据结果可知,沿纤维方向的纵向应力随着缠绕角的增加先逐渐降低,缠绕角超过55°后又开始增加;垂直于纤维的横向应力与径向应力变化趋势相同,随着缠绕角的增加而增加,但增速逐渐减缓;剪切应力随着缠绕角的增加呈现出先增加后降低的变化趋势。当缠绕角较小时,沿纤维方向的纵向应力值最大,起主要控制作用,随着横向应力与径向应力逐渐增加,两者的合力逐渐替代纵向应力起到控制损伤模式的作用,而剪切载荷的大小变化趋势影响了最终失效弯矩的大小变化。综合而言,损伤失效模式的转变是由控制载荷的转变决定的,失效弯矩变化趋势则受剪切载荷的变化趋势影响。
初始椭圆度是RTP生产制造过程中典型的初始缺陷,为探讨其对RTP弯曲刚度及初始损伤弯矩的影响,本节在0~0.1范围内均匀选取10种椭圆度值开展计算,计算结果如图7所示。根据计算结果可以看出,弯曲刚度及初始损伤弯矩与初始椭圆度近乎为线性关系,随着初始椭圆度的增加,弯曲刚度随之降低,而初始损伤弯矩则随之增加。值得注意的是,弯曲刚度与损伤弯矩增幅较小,同时根据计算可知初始损伤出现在最外层增强层,初始失效模式为基体拉伸失效且不受初始椭圆度变化的影响,说明RTP弯曲性能受初始椭圆度的影响有限。
为进一步探究初始椭圆度对管道的应力分布以及损伤失效的影响规律,本文计算了不同初始椭圆度的RTP增强层在局部坐标系下的应力分布,选取300 N·m弯矩作用下最外层增强层的应力进行对比,结果如图8所示。由图可知,随着初始椭圆度的增大,各向应力水平均逐渐上升,但幅度较小,进一步说明RTP弯曲性能受初始椭圆度的影响有限。同时观察到沿纤维方向和垂直纤维方向的应力水平基本相当,而垂直纤维方向的基体拉伸失效更易发生,因此初始失效模式为基体拉伸失效。
本文基于RTP在弯曲工况下的截面几何分析实现了各层截面椭圆化变形的参数化表征,考虑材料的非线性刚度退化建立了RTP的三维本构关系,结合虚功原理构建了弯曲工况下RTP三维力学性能分析模型。进一步开展了RTP四点弯曲力学性能试验,对比验证了力学性能分析模型的准确性。在此基础上探讨了初始椭圆度及缠绕角度对RTP弯曲性能的影响规律。研究揭示了RTP弯曲变形过程中各向应力分布规律,精确预测了RTP的弯曲刚度与初始损伤临界弯矩,并阐明了RTP弯曲工况下初始失效模式。
本文的RTP三维力学性能分析模型综合考虑了截面椭圆化变形,对RTP在弯曲工况下的应力分布进行了详细的数学表达,弯曲刚度预测值与实验值的最大误差仅为4.22%。研究表明:RTP弯曲刚度及初始损伤失效临界弯矩受初始椭圆度影响并不显著,但随着缠绕角度变化,弯曲性能及失效模式均出现显著变化。弯曲刚度随着缠绕角增加而显著降低,初始失效弯矩则随着缠绕角增加呈现先降低后增长趋势。同时,由于不同缠绕角工况下增强层应力分布改变导致RTP弯曲初始失效模式发生改变,缠绕角≤35°时,初始损伤模式为纤维/基体剪切失效,当缠绕角超过35°后损伤模式转换为基体拉伸失效。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.02.009
  • 接收时间:2025-06-18
  • 首发时间:2026-07-07
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-18
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    1a.中国石油大学(华东) 石油工程学院
    1b.中国石油大学(华东) 机电工程学院,山东 青岛 266580
    2中联重科股份有限公司,长沙 410013
    3.中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司,天津 300452

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娄 敏(1981–),女,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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