Article(id=1281326821291569410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281326672238580175, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744387200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783421720096, onlineDateStr=2026-07-07, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783421720096, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783421720096, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783421720096, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281326672238580175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2026', volume='30', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783421684559, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783422118948, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281328494261026863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281326672238580175, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281328494261026864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281326672238580175, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=119, endPage=134, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281326821513867523, articleId=1281326821291569410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Theoretical study of influence of mass on displacement response of beam members under uniform blast loading, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the influence of mass increase and the corresponding added damping and stiffness on the displacement response of beam members under a uniform blast loading, the elastic-plastic displacement solutions of beam members with mass parameters as variables were derived, using the ductility ratio to control the extent of plastic deformation. Using a rectangular section as representative case for beam members, we designed 17 calculation cases for the parameters of mass, additional damping, and additional stiffness. The effect of these parameters on the vibration displacement of beam members under uniform blast loading was analyzed, particularly the impact on peak elastic and the peak elastic-plastic displacement. The comparison of LS-DYNA numerical simulation verification and theoretical results of the displacement response of the rectangular section steel beam under blast loading was completed, which verified the reliability of the theoretical method proposed in this paper. The results show that the reduction of various peak displacements can be achieved by adding mass and the degree of reduction is lower than that of adding mass. The single effect of additional damping in the mass-damping-stiffness coupling calculation may increase the peak displacement reduction by more than 3 times of that obtained from the mass-damping coupling alone. The additional stiffness effect, when included in the mass-damping-stiffness coupling, reduces peak elastic displacements to similar degree as mass-stiffness coupling alone. The coupling calculation method of mass, additional damping, and additional stiffness should be uesd for the blast-resistant beam design.

, authors=Shao-bo GENG, Xin HONG, Yi ZHENG, Xin-yue SHEN, authorsList=Shao-bo GENG, Xin HONG, Yi ZHENG, Xin-yue SHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shao-bo GENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of Ship Mechanics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281326835111801197, articleId=1281326821291569410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=CN, title=质量对爆炸荷载均布作用梁构件位移响应影响的理论研究, columnId=1241023038926410098, journalTitle=船舶力学, columnName=结构力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究质量增加及产生的附加阻尼、附加刚度效应对均布爆炸荷载作用下梁构件位移响应的影响,本文以延性比为塑性发展程度控制参数,推导了以质量参数为变量的梁构件弹塑性位移解。以矩形截面为梁构件代表性截面,设计了不同质量参数及其附加阻尼和附加刚度参数耦合的17种典型工况,考察了这些参数对均布爆炸荷载作用梁构件振动位移的影响,重点分析了各参数对弹性位移峰值和弹塑性位移峰值的影响程度,完成了矩形截面钢梁爆炸荷载下位移响应的LS–DYNA数值仿真验证与理论对比,验证了本文理论方法的可靠性。结果表明:提高构件质量可降低位移峰值,其降低程度低于质量自身增加幅度;附加阻尼效应在质量–阻尼–刚度耦合计算中的独立作用,可使位移峰值降低幅度提升至质量–阻尼耦合结果的3倍以上;附加刚度效应按质量–阻尼–刚度耦合计算后独立考察,其对弹性位移峰值的降低幅度基本等同于按质量–刚度耦合计算后独立考察结果,对于梁构件抗爆设计,应采用质量、附加阻尼与附加刚度的三者耦合计算方法。

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耿少波(1982–),男,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:
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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=阻尼), Keyword(id=1281326840673448336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=刚度)], refs=[Reference(id=1281326844993581491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=舰船通用规范总册: GJB4000-2000[S]. 北京: 中国人民解放军总装备部, 2000., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281326845060690356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, 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figureFileBig=RS3DrCZk+xfBLR56pdMMKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281326843512992158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=CN, label=图7, caption=第一种附加刚度效应对位移峰值降低率曲线, figureFileSmall=C//BSEW4f1QPrp5ImSH2OA==, figureFileBig=RS3DrCZk+xfBLR56pdMMKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281326843575906719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Peak displacement reduction caused by additional stiffness using the second method, figureFileSmall=i/uoKYb7UUv3xS30lznx+w==, figureFileBig=p1I9MIYEY26bx3WcPt3OTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281326843647209888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=CN, label=图8, caption=第二种附加刚度效应对位移峰值降低率曲线, figureFileSmall=i/uoKYb7UUv3xS30lznx+w==, figureFileBig=p1I9MIYEY26bx3WcPt3OTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281326843705930145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Peak displacement reduction under the coupling of additional damping and additional stiffness, figureFileSmall=40VLwJTYafdH/ZlmGMXjug==, figureFileBig=K3AlaYe7dUxKG9eZI7ZKpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281326843773039010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=CN, label=图9, caption=附加阻尼及附加刚度耦合作用下的位移峰值降低率, figureFileSmall=40VLwJTYafdH/ZlmGMXjug==, figureFileBig=K3AlaYe7dUxKG9eZI7ZKpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281326843835953571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Comparison of displacement-time curves for mid-span point between finite element simulation and theoretical calculation, figureFileSmall=stW7kR561J5lKuzzIt9vuQ==, figureFileBig=O29g8ZWwjtCCs1eERkEXJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281326843898868132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=CN, label=图10, caption=有限元模拟与理论计算钢梁跨中位移时程曲线对比, figureFileSmall=stW7kR561J5lKuzzIt9vuQ==, figureFileBig=O29g8ZWwjtCCs1eERkEXJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281326843986948517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Parameters of typical calculation cases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况αmαkαc工况αmαkαc工况αmαkαc
C11.001.001.00C71.101.001.05C131.201.731.00
C21.051.001.00C81.151.001.07C141.051.161.10
C31.101.001.00C91.201.001.10C151.101.331.21
C41.151.001.00C101.051.161.00C161.151.521.32
C51.201.001.00C111.101.331.00C171.201.731.44
C61.051.001.02C121.151.521.00
), ArticleFig(id=1281326844066640294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

典型工况计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况αmαkαc工况αmαkαc工况αmαkαc
C11.001.001.00C71.101.001.05C131.201.731.00
C21.051.001.00C81.151.001.07C141.051.161.10
C31.101.001.00C91.201.001.10C151.101.331.21
C41.151.001.00C101.051.161.00C161.151.521.32
C51.201.001.00C111.101.331.00C171.201.731.44
C61.051.001.02C121.151.521.00
), ArticleFig(id=1281326844142137767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Difference of peak displacements between Case C1 and C2, C3, C4, C5 respectively and the difference between the two types of beam (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相对工况柔性梁构件(1)刚性梁构件(2)(1)−(2)
β=2β=5β=2β=5δ2Tδ2mδ5Tδ5m
δTδmδTδmδTδmδTδm
S1(C2相对于C1)2.032.051.802.000.942.330.532.571.09−0.281.27−0.57
S2(C3相对于C1)3.943.983.513.871.874.491.044.982.07−0.512.47−1.11
S3(C4相对于C1)5.745.795.125.642.786.521.557.232.96−0.733.57−1.59
S4(C5相对于C1)7.437.496.667.303.688.422.069.353.75−0.934.60−2.05
), ArticleFig(id=1281326844217635240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

工况C2~C5相对于C1的位移峰值降低率及两类梁构件差异性结果(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相对工况柔性梁构件(1)刚性梁构件(2)(1)−(2)
β=2β=5β=2β=5δ2Tδ2mδ5Tδ5m
δTδmδTδmδTδmδTδm
S1(C2相对于C1)2.032.051.802.000.942.330.532.571.09−0.281.27−0.57
S2(C3相对于C1)3.943.983.513.871.874.491.044.982.07−0.512.47−1.11
S3(C4相对于C1)5.745.795.125.642.786.521.557.232.96−0.733.57−1.59
S4(C5相对于C1)7.437.496.667.303.688.422.069.353.75−0.934.60−2.05
), ArticleFig(id=1281326844288938409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Results comparison of two methods for additional damping effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
两种相对工况结果对比柔性梁构件刚性梁构件
β=2β=5β=2β=5
δδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δm
S9/S53.543.703.433.753.473.803.303.90
S10/S63.163.393.153.522.973.562.893.80
S11/S72.783.122.743.322.513.402.463.73
S12/S82.552.902.403.142.223.222.143.65
), ArticleFig(id=1281326844360241578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两种方法的附加阻尼参数结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
两种相对工况结果对比柔性梁构件刚性梁构件
β=2β=5β=2β=5
δδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δm
S9/S53.543.703.433.753.473.803.303.90
S10/S63.163.393.153.522.973.562.893.80
S11/S72.783.122.743.322.513.402.463.73
S12/S82.552.902.403.142.223.222.143.65
), ArticleFig(id=1281326844435739051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Results comparison of two methods for additional stiffness effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
两种相对工 况结果对比柔性梁构件刚性梁构件
β=2β=5β=2β=5
δδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δm
S17/S131.041.231.021.481.031.271.021.81
S18/S141.041.201.021.441.031.251.021.77
S19/S151.031.181.011.401.021.231.011.74
S20/S161.031.161.011.371.021.221.011.72
), ArticleFig(id=1281326844511236524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

附加刚度参数效应两种方法结果的比值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
两种相对工 况结果对比柔性梁构件刚性梁构件
β=2β=5β=2β=5
δδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δm
S17/S131.041.231.021.481.031.271.021.81
S18/S141.041.201.021.441.031.251.021.77
S19/S151.031.181.011.401.021.231.011.74
S20/S161.031.161.011.371.021.221.011.72
), ArticleFig(id=1281326844569956781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Comparison of additional stiffness-damping coupling effect and additional stiffness effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结果比值对应的 两种相对工况柔性梁构件刚性梁构件
β=2β=5β=2β=5
δδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δm
S21/S171.021.071.011.121.011.081.011.15
S22/S181.021.071.011.121.011.081.011.16
S23/S191.021.071.011.121.011.081.011.16
S24/S201.021.071.011.131.021.081.011.16
), ArticleFig(id=1281326844632871342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

附加刚度–阻尼耦合效应与附加刚度效应比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结果比值对应的 两种相对工况柔性梁构件刚性梁构件
β=2β=5β=2β=5
δδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δmδδT/δTδδm/δm
S21/S171.021.071.011.121.011.081.011.15
S22/S181.021.071.011.121.011.081.011.16
S23/S191.021.071.011.121.011.081.011.16
S24/S201.021.071.011.131.021.081.011.16
), ArticleFig(id=1281326844695785903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Calculation parameters of steel beams

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件 类型工况截面尺寸(b×h)/ (mm×mm)截面面积 A/(mm2刚度 K/(kN·m−1频率 ω/ ms−1静位移 yst/ mm超压峰值 Δpm/ MPa爆炸持时 ti/ ms
注:b为截面宽度;h为截面高度。
柔性T130×45135010508658139.890.211.22
T230×47.251417.512164684120.850.211.17
T330×49.5148513986710108.360.211.13
T430×51.751552.51598174290.660.211.08
T530×5416201815777480.960.211.03
刚性T640×6024003321074586.840.4121.74
T740×6325203844579075.020.4121.65
T840×6626404420282765.250.4121.57
T940×6927605050885657.100.4121.52
T1040×7228805738788850.260.4121.46
), ArticleFig(id=1281326844754506160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

钢梁模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件 类型工况截面尺寸(b×h)/ (mm×mm)截面面积 A/(mm2刚度 K/(kN·m−1频率 ω/ ms−1静位移 yst/ mm超压峰值 Δpm/ MPa爆炸持时 ti/ ms
注:b为截面宽度;h为截面高度。
柔性T130×45135010508658139.890.211.22
T230×47.251417.512164684120.850.211.17
T330×49.5148513986710108.360.211.13
T430×51.751552.51598174290.660.211.08
T530×5416201815777480.960.211.03
刚性T640×6024003321074586.840.4121.74
T740×6325203844579075.020.4121.65
T840×6626404420282765.250.4121.57
T940×6927605050885657.100.4121.52
T1040×7228805738788850.260.4121.46
), ArticleFig(id=1281326844821615025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Comparison between theoretical calculation and finite element simulation of displacements

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况弹塑性位移峰值残余变形弹性位移峰值
理论计算模拟结果误差理论计算模拟结果误差理论计算模拟结果误差
T113.73214.282−3.85%6.8697.176−4.28%6.8637.106−3.42%
T210.78010.984−1.86%5.4265.584−2.83%5.3545.400−0.85%
T38.8279.077−2.75%4.4514.4320.43%4.3764.645−5.79%
T46.7716.872−1.47%3.5133.529−0.45%3.2583.343−2.54%
T55.5585.721−2.85%2.8582.917−2.02%2.7002.804−3.71%
T641.48542.298−1.92%20.62921.067−2.08%20.85621.231−1.77%
T732.76033.490−2.18%17.10717.332−1.30%15.65316.158−3.13%
T826.16926.674−1.89%13.98114.334−2.46%12.18812.340−1.23%
T921.12121.651−2.45%11.66611.866−1.69%9.4559.785−3.37%
T1017.19717.728−3.00%9.7919.884−0.94%7.4067.844−5.58%
), ArticleFig(id=1281326844901306802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326821291569410, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

有限元模拟与理论计算结果数值对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况弹塑性位移峰值残余变形弹性位移峰值
理论计算模拟结果误差理论计算模拟结果误差理论计算模拟结果误差
T113.73214.282−3.85%6.8697.176−4.28%6.8637.106−3.42%
T210.78010.984−1.86%5.4265.584−2.83%5.3545.400−0.85%
T38.8279.077−2.75%4.4514.4320.43%4.3764.645−5.79%
T46.7716.872−1.47%3.5133.529−0.45%3.2583.343−2.54%
T55.5585.721−2.85%2.8582.917−2.02%2.7002.804−3.71%
T641.48542.298−1.92%20.62921.067−2.08%20.85621.231−1.77%
T732.76033.490−2.18%17.10717.332−1.30%15.65316.158−3.13%
T826.16926.674−1.89%13.98114.334−2.46%12.18812.340−1.23%
T921.12121.651−2.45%11.66611.866−1.69%9.4559.785−3.37%
T1017.19717.728−3.00%9.7919.884−0.94%7.4067.844−5.58%
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质量对爆炸荷载均布作用梁构件位移响应影响的理论研究
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耿少波 , 洪欣 , 郑毅 , 沈新月
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2026,30(1): 119-134
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船舶力学 |结构力学 2026 , 30 (1) : 119 -134
质量对爆炸荷载均布作用梁构件位移响应影响的理论研究
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耿少波 , 洪欣, 郑毅, 沈新月
作者信息
  • 中北大学 环境与安全工程学院,太原 030051
通讯作者:
耿少波(1982–),男,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:
Theoretical study of influence of mass on displacement response of beam members under uniform blast loading
Shao-bo GENG , Xin HONG, Yi ZHENG, Xin-yue SHEN
Affiliations
  • School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.012
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为研究质量增加及产生的附加阻尼、附加刚度效应对均布爆炸荷载作用下梁构件位移响应的影响,本文以延性比为塑性发展程度控制参数,推导了以质量参数为变量的梁构件弹塑性位移解。以矩形截面为梁构件代表性截面,设计了不同质量参数及其附加阻尼和附加刚度参数耦合的17种典型工况,考察了这些参数对均布爆炸荷载作用梁构件振动位移的影响,重点分析了各参数对弹性位移峰值和弹塑性位移峰值的影响程度,完成了矩形截面钢梁爆炸荷载下位移响应的LS–DYNA数值仿真验证与理论对比,验证了本文理论方法的可靠性。结果表明:提高构件质量可降低位移峰值,其降低程度低于质量自身增加幅度;附加阻尼效应在质量–阻尼–刚度耦合计算中的独立作用,可使位移峰值降低幅度提升至质量–阻尼耦合结果的3倍以上;附加刚度效应按质量–阻尼–刚度耦合计算后独立考察,其对弹性位移峰值的降低幅度基本等同于按质量–刚度耦合计算后独立考察结果,对于梁构件抗爆设计,应采用质量、附加阻尼与附加刚度的三者耦合计算方法。

爆炸  /  梁构件  /  动力响应  /  质量  /  阻尼  /  刚度

In order to study the influence of mass increase and the corresponding added damping and stiffness on the displacement response of beam members under a uniform blast loading, the elastic-plastic displacement solutions of beam members with mass parameters as variables were derived, using the ductility ratio to control the extent of plastic deformation. Using a rectangular section as representative case for beam members, we designed 17 calculation cases for the parameters of mass, additional damping, and additional stiffness. The effect of these parameters on the vibration displacement of beam members under uniform blast loading was analyzed, particularly the impact on peak elastic and the peak elastic-plastic displacement. The comparison of LS-DYNA numerical simulation verification and theoretical results of the displacement response of the rectangular section steel beam under blast loading was completed, which verified the reliability of the theoretical method proposed in this paper. The results show that the reduction of various peak displacements can be achieved by adding mass and the degree of reduction is lower than that of adding mass. The single effect of additional damping in the mass-damping-stiffness coupling calculation may increase the peak displacement reduction by more than 3 times of that obtained from the mass-damping coupling alone. The additional stiffness effect, when included in the mass-damping-stiffness coupling, reduces peak elastic displacements to similar degree as mass-stiffness coupling alone. The coupling calculation method of mass, additional damping, and additional stiffness should be uesd for the blast-resistant beam design.

blast loading  /  beam member  /  dynamic response  /  mass  /  damping  /  stiffness
耿少波, 洪欣, 郑毅, 沈新月. 质量对爆炸荷载均布作用梁构件位移响应影响的理论研究. 船舶力学, 2026 , 30 (1) : 119 -134 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.012
Shao-bo GENG, Xin HONG, Yi ZHENG, Xin-yue SHEN. Theoretical study of influence of mass on displacement response of beam members under uniform blast loading[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2026 , 30 (1) : 119 -134 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.012
爆炸荷载是威胁舰船运行的重要偶然荷载,梁构件作为舰船结构的主要组成要素,其在爆炸作用下的振动响应及控制是工程界和学术界关注热点之一。现有的抗爆设计规范[14]及学者们常将该问题简化为等效单自由度体系(Single Degree of Freedom,SDOF)[5],如Kang等[6]指出SDOF理论能较好分析爆炸荷载下船体结构的动力响应;Liu等[7]将船舶上层甲板等效为单自由度(SDOF)体系,结合理论方法、数值模拟分析了甲板爆炸荷载下的动力响应,验证了SDOF理论的准确性;Geng等[8]、Mendonca等[9]、Algassem等[10]也采用SDOF方法完成了梁构件爆炸试验和有限元分析结果的对比;方秦等[11]、耿少波等[12]、陈佳龙[13]通过理论修订,进一步提升了SDOF法的计算精度。
从SDOF方法的表达式可知,质量、阻尼、刚度是影响梁构件振动的内在决定性因素。学者们的相关研究主要揭示了这三因素的影响规律,如Liang等[14]、Li等[15]分析舰艇梁厚度改变对爆炸荷载动力响应的影响,发现增加梁质量可有效提高构件的抗爆性能;黄时春等[16]基于实船爆炸试验实测结构响应数据对结构阻尼进行了定量分析,认为构件的质量、刚度均会影响阻尼,进而改变响应特征;Arora等[17]开展了厚度为15~40 mm的夹芯板构件水下爆炸试验,结合有限元软件抗爆分析结果,表明增加构件厚度可提高构件刚度、削减构件变形;Hao[18]认为构件质量越大,越有利于梁构件抵抗爆炸作用;Ha等[19]发现采用纤维增强聚合物提高压板自身刚度可使舰艇结构得到更好的抗爆性;Schiffer等[20]、Sohn等[21]利用仿真软件分析了船体加筋结构在爆炸冲击波下的动态响应特性,表明船体刚度提升可有效提升船体的抗爆性能;董九亭等[22]研究发现提高阻尼能显著降低水下梁构件的位移幅值;Vasilache等[23]研究表明,考虑阻尼的夹层复合材料可提高船体承受爆炸荷载的能力;Amabili等[24]、Hajmohammad等[25]也认为刚度和阻尼可以有效减小梁构件在爆炸作用下的跨中位移。综上所述,广大学者对爆炸作用梁构件振动位移SDOF法及参数影响效应进行了积极探索,然而,关于梁构件质量、刚度及阻尼的定量变化对应位移的降低程度,目前尚未有明确总结。
梁截面尺寸增大导致质量增大,通常同时改变构件刚度,且构件自身阻尼也与质量、刚度相关。提高构件质量会引入附加刚度和阻尼效应,导致SDOF三参数同时变化。对于构件质量发生改变及其附加效应,可在多大程度上改变爆炸作用梁构件位移,尚未有明确结论。根据梁构件弹性振动过渡到塑性振动的时长与爆炸作用时长的比值,可将梁构件分为柔性梁构件和刚性梁构件两类[26]。本文基于此分类,完成不同阶段梁构件位移方程解后设计典型工况,以仅改变质量参数为基准工况,分别考查对比质量变化及其附加刚度效应、附加阻尼效应,并研究不同耦合方式下爆炸作用梁构件位移的变化,尤其是弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值的变化情况。本研究为爆炸荷载下梁构件的振动精细化分析及抗爆优化设计奠定了理论基础。
柔性梁构件是指爆炸荷载作用结束时,梁构件尚未完成弹性运动,即爆炸作用时长ti小于梁构件由弹性运动进入塑性运动的时间分界点tT。由文献[2728]可知,常规武器产生的爆炸荷载作用时长较短,往往小于梁构件达到弹塑性位移峰值所需时长tm,此类荷载被定义为短持时爆炸荷载。因此,在短持时爆炸荷载下,柔性梁构件的时长参数关系为ti<tT<tm
根据梁构件等效单自由度体系理论,在弹性阶段且在爆炸作用时间范围内(0<t<ti),t为梁构件运动时间变量,此时,动力方程为
$ {M_{\text{e}}}\ddot y + {C_{\text{e}}}\dot y + {K_{\text{e}}}y = \Delta {P_{\text{e}}}\left( t \right) $
式中:Me为等效质量,Ce为等效阻尼,Ke为等效刚度,y为梁构件的振动位移,ΔPet)为梁构件所承受的随时间t变化的爆炸荷载,各等效参数计算公式为
$ {M_{\text{e}}} = {\alpha _{\text{m}}}{k_{\text{M}}}ml,{\text{ }}{K_{\text{e}}} = {\alpha _{\text{k}}}{k_{\text{L}}}K,{\text{ }}{C_{\text{e}}} = 2{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi \sqrt {{k_{\text{M}}}ml{k_{\text{L}}}K} $
式中:m为梁构件单位长度质量,l为梁构件跨长,ξ为梁构件阻尼比,K为梁构件真实刚度,kM为梁构件在弹性阶段质量变换系数,kL为梁构件在弹性阶段荷载变换系数,αm为梁构件质量参数,αk为梁构件因质量参数产生的附加刚度参数,αc为梁构件因质量参数产生的附加阻尼参数。爆炸荷载正超压作用时间非常短,常简化为等冲量的线性荷载,其等效爆炸荷载为[28]
$ \Delta {P_{\text{e}}}\left( t \right) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \Delta {p_{\text{m}}}l{k_{{\text{L}}\left( 1 \right)}}\left( {1 - \dfrac{t}{{{t_{\text{i}}}}}} \right)& 0 \leqslant t \leqslant {t_{\text{i}}} \\ 0& t \gt {t_{\text{i}}}\end{array} \right. $
式中:Δpm为冲击波超压峰值,k1为梁构件在塑性阶段荷载变换系数。
求解方程(1),结合以位移、速度均为0的初始条件,解出其位移和速度表达式分别为
$ y = \frac{{{y_{{\text{st}}}}}}{{{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}\left\{ {{{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}\omega t}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}}}\left[ {\left( {1 - \frac{{{t_{\text{i}}}\xi \omega {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }} - \frac{{2{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2}}{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}} \right)\frac{{\sin {\omega _{\text{g}}}t}}{{{\omega _{\text{g}}}}} - \left( {{t_{\text{i}}} + \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \omega }}} \right)\cos {\omega _{\text{g}}}t} \right] + \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \omega }} + {t_{\text{i}}} - t} \right\} $
$ v = \frac{{{y_{{\text{st}}}}}}{{{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}\left\{ {{{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}\omega t}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}}}\left[ {\left( {{\omega _{\text{g}}}{t_{\text{i}}} + \frac{{{\xi ^2}{\omega ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2{t_{\text{i}}}}}{{{\omega _{\text{g}}}{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}} + \frac{{2\xi \omega {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}{{{\omega _{\text{g}}}\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}\left( {\frac{{{\omega _{\text{g}}}^2}}{{{\omega ^2}}} - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{{{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2}}{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}} \right)} \right)\sin {\omega _{\text{g}}}t + \cos {\omega _{\text{g}}}t} \right] - 1} \right\} $
式中:ω1为质量不变无阻尼振动频率,ω为质量改变无阻尼振动频率,ωg为质量改变含阻尼振动频率,yst为质量不变时梁构件超压峰值视为静载时对应的位移。各参数计算公式为
$ {\omega _{\text{1}}}^2 = \frac{{{k_{\text{L}}}K}}{{{k_{\text{M}}}ml}}{\text{, }}{\omega ^2} = \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}}}{\omega _{\text{1}}}^2,{\text{ }}{\omega _{\text{g}}} = \omega \sqrt {1 - \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2{\xi ^2}}}{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}} $
$ \frac{{{C_{\text{e}}}}}{{{M_{\text{e}}}}} = \frac{{2\xi \omega {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }},{\text{ }}\frac{{{K_{\text{e}}}}}{{{M_{\text{e}}}}} = {\omega ^2},{\text{ }}\frac{{{C_{\text{e}}}}}{{{K_{\text{e}}}}} = \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}{{\omega \sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }},{\text{ }}{y_{{\text{st}}}} = \frac{{\Delta {p_{\text{m}}}l}}{K} $
t=ti代入式(4)~(5),即可求出爆炸作用结束的ti时刻对应的位移yi和速度vi表达式。
当爆炸作用卸载后,梁构件进入无外荷载、以位移yi及速度vi为初始条件的弹性自由运动阶段,对应的时段为ti<t<tT,此时动力方程为
$ {M_{\text{e}}}\ddot y + {C_{\text{e}}}\dot y + {K_{\text{e}}}y = 0 $
求解方程(8)后,为更简洁表达此时的位移、速度表达式,令
$ f_1^ * = \frac{1}{{{r_{\text{g}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}}}}\left( {1 - \frac{{\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }} - \frac{{2{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2}}{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}} \right){\text{, }}f_2^ * = - \frac{1}{{{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}\left( {1 + \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} {\theta _{\text{i}}}}}} \right) $
$ f_3^ * = \frac{1}{{{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}\left( {\frac{{{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2}}{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{r_{\text{g}}}}} + \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}{r_{\text{g}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} {\theta _{\text{i}}}}}{\text{ + }}{r_{\text{g}}}} \right){\text{, }}f_4^ * = \frac{{\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} {r_{\text{g}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}}}}\left( {\frac{{2{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2}}{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}} - 1} \right){\text{, }}f_5^ * = \frac{1}{{{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}}}} $
式中:θi为梁构件时长参数,rg为阻尼系数,两参数的表达式为
$ {\theta _{\text{i}}} = \omega {t_{\text{i}}}{\text{, }}{r_{\text{g}}} = \sqrt {1 - \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2{\xi ^2}}}{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}} $
结合式(9)~(11)可求出该阶段的位移和速度表达式,此时将t=tT代入这些表达式,可求出t=tT时刻对应的位移yT、速度vT
$ {y_{\text{T}}} = {y_{{\text{st}}}}{{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi \left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right)}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}}}\left\{ \begin{gathered} \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} {\alpha _{\text{k}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}}}}\cos {r_{\text{g}}}\left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right) - (f_1^ * + \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi }}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} {r_{\text{g}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}})\sin {r_{\text{g}}}\left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right) + \\ {{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi {\theta _{\text{i}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}}}\left[ \begin{gathered} \left( {f_1^ * \sin {r_{\text{g}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}} + f_2^ * \cos {r_{\text{g}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right)\cos {r_{\text{g}}}\left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right) + \\ \left( {f_1^ * \cos {r_{\text{g}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}} - f_2^ * \sin {r_{\text{g}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right)\sin {r_{\text{g}}}\left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right) \\ \end{gathered} \right] \\ \end{gathered} \right\} $
$ {v_{\text{T}}} = \omega {y_{{\text{st}}}}{{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi \left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right)}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}}}\left\{ \begin{gathered} {{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi {\theta _{\text{i}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}}}\left[ \begin{gathered} \left( {\left( {f_3^ * + f_4^ * } \right)\sin {r_{\text{g}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}} + f_5^ * \cos {r_{\text{g}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right)\cos {r_{\text{g}}}\left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right) + \\ \left( {\left( {f_3^ * + f_4^ * } \right)\cos {r_{\text{g}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}} - f_5^ * \sin {r_{\text{g}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right)\sin {r_{\text{g}}}\left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right) \\ \end{gathered} \right] \\ - f_5^ * \cos {r_{\text{g}}}\left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right) - \left( {f_4^ * + \frac{{2{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi {r_{\text{g}}}f_5^ * }}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}} \right)\sin {r_{\text{g}}}\left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right) \\ \end{gathered} \right\} $
式中:θT为梁构件时长参数,参数表达式为
$ {\text{ }}{\theta _{\text{T}}} = \omega {t_{\text{T}}} $
当时间t>tT时,梁构件进入无外荷载、以位移yT及速度vT为初始条件的塑性自由运动阶段,即tT<t<tm。在小变形、理想弹塑性材料,以及不考虑轴向力影响等前提下,梁构件达到最大抗力qm,此时动力方程为
$ {m_{\text{e}}}\ddot y + {c_{\text{e}}}\dot y + {q_{\text{m}}} = 0 $
式中:me为塑性阶段等效质量,ce为塑性阶段等效阻尼。其计算公式为
$ {m_{\text{e}}} = {\alpha _{\text{m}}}{k_{\text{m}}}ml,{\text{ }}{c_{\text{e}}} = 2{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi \sqrt {{k_{\text{m}}}ml{k_{\text{1}}}K,} {\text{ }}{q_{\text{m}}} = {\alpha _{\text{k}}}{k_{\text{1}}}K{y_{\text{T}}} $
$ \frac{{{c_{\text{e}}}}}{{{m_{\text{e}}}}} = \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}\omega }}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}} {\text{, }}\frac{{{q_{\text{m}}}}}{{{m_{\text{e}}}}} = {y_{\text{T}}}{\omega ^2}\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}},{\text{ }}\frac{{{q_{\text{m}}}}}{{{c_{\text{e}}}}} = \frac{{\omega {y_{\text{T}}}\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}} $
式中:km为塑性阶段质量变换系数,kM-Lkm-1分别为弹性、塑性阶段质量变换系数与荷载变换系数之比。其参数表达式为
$ {k_{{\text{M-L}}}} = {k_{\text{M}}}/{k_{\text{L}}}{\text{, }}{k_{{\text{m-1}}}} = {k_{\text{m}}}/{k_{\text{1}}} $
求解方程(15),则此阶段位移和速度表达式为
$ y = {y_{\text{T}}} + \frac{{{m_{\text{e}}}}}{{{c_{\text{e}}}}}\left( {{v_{\text{T}}} + \frac{{{q_{\text{m}}}}}{{{c_{\text{e}}}}}} \right)\left( {1 - {{\text{e}}^{ - \tfrac{{{c_{\text{e}}}}}{{{m_{\text{e}}}}}\left( {t - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}}} \right) - \frac{{{q_{\text{m}}}}}{{{c_{\text{e}}}}}\left( {t - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right) $
$ v = \left( {{v_{\text{T}}} + \frac{{{q_{\text{m}}}}}{{{c_{\text{e}}}}}} \right){{\text{e}}^{ - \tfrac{{{c_{\text{e}}}}}{{{m_{\text{e}}}}}\left( {t - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}} - \frac{{{q_{\text{m}}}}}{{{c_{\text{e}}}}} $
当运动达到弹塑性位移峰值ym时,对应tm时刻的速度vm=0,即令式(20)为0,可得出tm表达式,将其代入式(19),得出梁构件弹塑性位移峰值表达式为
$ {y_{\text{m}}} = {y_{\text{T}}} + \frac{{{v_{\text{T}}}\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}{{2{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi \omega }}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}}-\frac{{{y_{\text{T}}}{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}{{4{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2}}\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}{v_{\text{T}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \omega {y_{\text{T}}}}}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}} } \right) $
根据弹塑性理论,延性比β为梁构件振动弹塑性变形峰值与弹性变形峰值的比,动力系数kh为梁构件振动弹性变形峰值与将冲击波超压峰值视为静载时的变形之比,即表达式为
$ \beta = {y_{\text{m}}}/{y_{\text{T}}},{\text{ }}{k_{\text{h}}}{\text{ = }}{y_{\text{T}}}/{y_{{\text{st}}}} $
且令
$ f_6^ * = {{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi \left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right)}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}}}\left\{ \begin{gathered} {{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi {\theta _{\text{i}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}}}\left[ {\left( \begin{gathered} \left( {f_3^ * + f_4^ * } \right)\sin {r_{\text{g}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}} \\ + f_5^ * \cos {r_{\text{g}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}} \\ \end{gathered} \right)\cos {r_{\text{g}}}\left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right) + \left( \begin{gathered} \left( {f_3^ * + f_4^ * } \right)\cos {r_{\text{g}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}} \\ - f_5^ * \sin {r_{\text{g}}}{\theta _{\text{i}}} \\ \end{gathered} \right)\sin {r_{\text{g}}}\left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right)} \right] \\ - f_5^ * \cos {r_{\text{g}}}\left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right) - \left( {f_4^ * + \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}{r_{\text{g}}}f_5^ * }}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}} \right)\sin {r_{\text{g}}}\left( {{\theta _{\text{T}}} - {\theta _{\text{i}}}} \right) \\ \end{gathered} \right\} $
将式(12)~(13)代入式(21),并结合式(22)~(23),可得柔性梁构件延性比β表达式为
$ \beta = 1 + \frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} f_6^ * }}{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}{k_{\text{h}}}}}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}}-\frac{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}{{4{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2}}\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}f_6^ * }}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} {k_{\text{h}}}}}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}} } \right) $
类似于柔性梁构件的定义,刚性梁构件是指爆炸荷载作用结束时,梁构件已经完成弹性运动并进入塑性运动,即刚性梁构件时长参数关系为tT<ti<tm
刚性梁构件爆炸作用时长在0<t<tT内,为弹性强迫运动,此时,动力方程为
$ {M_{\text{e}}}\ddot y + {C_{\text{e}}}\dot y + {K_{\text{e}}}y = \Delta {P_{\text{e}}}\left( t \right) $
可见,此方程与式(1)相同,即将tT代入式(4)~(5),可得弹性阶段结束时的位移和速度表达式为
$ {y_{\text{T}}} = \frac{{{y_{{\text{st}}}}}}{{{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}\left\{ {{{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}\omega {t_{\text{T}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}}}\left[ {\left( {1 - \frac{{\xi \omega {\alpha _{\text{c}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }} - \frac{{2{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2}}{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}} \right)\frac{{\sin {\omega _{\text{g}}}{t_{\text{T}}}}}{{{\omega _{\text{g}}}}} - \left( {{t_{\text{i}}} + \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \omega }}} \right)\cos {\omega _{\text{g}}}{t_{\text{T}}}} \right] + \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \omega }} + {t_{\text{i}}} - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right\} $
$ {v_{\text{T}}} = \frac{{{y_{{\text{st}}}}}}{{{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}\left( {{{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}\omega {t_{\text{T}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}}}\left\{ {\left[ {{\omega _{\text{g}}}^2{t_{\text{i}}} + \frac{{{\xi ^2}{\omega ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2{t_{\text{i}}}}}{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}} + \frac{{2\xi \omega {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}\left( {\frac{{{\omega _{\text{g}}}^2}}{{{\omega ^2}}} - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{{{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2}}{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}} \right)} \right]\frac{{\sin {\omega _{\text{g}}}{t_{\text{T}}}}}{{{\omega _{\text{g}}}}} + \cos {\omega _{\text{g}}}{t_{\text{T}}}} \right\} - 1} \right) $
当梁构件转入塑性运动时,爆炸作用仍在,持续进入以位移yT、速度vT为初始条件的塑性强迫运动,即当tT<t<ti时,动力方程为
$ {m_{\text{e}}}\ddot y + {c_{\text{e}}}\dot y + {k_{\text{e}}}{y} = \Delta {P_{\text{e}}}\left( t \right) $
求解方程(28)后,为简洁表达位移、速度,令
$ f_{\text{7}}^ * = {y_{{\text{st}}}}\left\{ {\left[ \begin{gathered} \left( {\frac{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}{{4{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2{t_{\text{i}}}}} - \frac{1}{{2{t_{\text{i}}}}} - \frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \omega }}{{4{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi }}} \right)\frac{{\sin {\omega _{\text{g}}}{t_{\text{T}}}}}{{{\omega _{\text{g}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}} \\ - \left( {\frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}{{2{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi }} + \frac{1}{{\omega {t_{\text{i}}}}}} \right)\frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \cos {\omega _{\text{g}}}{t_{\text{T}}}}}{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}} \\ \end{gathered} \right]{{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi \omega {t_{\text{T}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}}} + \frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}{{2{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi {\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}\left( {\frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \left( {{t_{\text{i}}} - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}}{{2{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi }} + \frac{1}{\omega }} \right)} \right\} $
$ f_{\text{8}}^ * = {y_{{\text{st}}}}\left\{ {{{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi \omega {t_{\text{T}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}}}\left[ {\left( \begin{gathered} \frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} {\omega _{\text{g}}}}}{{2{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi \omega {\alpha _{\text{k}}}}} - \frac{1}{{2{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}{\omega _{\text{g}}}}} + \frac{{{\omega _{\text{g}}}}}{{{\omega ^2}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}} \\ + \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2{\xi ^2}}}{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}^2{t_{\text{i}}}{\omega _{\text{g}}}}} + \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi \omega }}{{2\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} {\omega _{\text{g}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}} \\ \end{gathered} \right)\sin {\omega _{\text{g}}}{t_{\text{T}}} + \frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \cos {\omega _{\text{g}}}{t_{\text{T}}}}}{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}\omega {\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}} \right] - \frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}\omega {\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}} \right\} $
$ f_9^ * = {y_{{\text{st}}}}\left( {\frac{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}\omega \left( {{t_{\text{i}}} - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}}{{4{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2{\alpha _{\text{k}}}\omega {t_{\text{i}}}}} + \frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}^3{\alpha _{\text{k}}}^3} }}{{8{t_{\text{i}}}{\xi ^3}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^3\omega {\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}} } \right) - f_{\text{7}}^ * - f_{\text{8}}^ * \sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}} $
结合式(29)~(31),解出方程(28)的位移及速度表达式为
$ \begin{gathered} y = \frac{{4{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2f_7^ * }}{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}} - f_9^ * \left( {1 - {{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{2{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi \omega \left( {t - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}} }}} \right) - \omega \sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}} \left[ {\frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} {y_{{\text{st}}}}{{\left( {t - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}^2}}}{{4\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}} - \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}f_7^ * }}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}\left( {t - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)} \right] +\\ {y_{{\text{st}}}}\left[ {\frac{{\omega \sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \left( {{t_{\text{i}}} - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}}{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}} + \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}{{4{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}} \right]\left( {t - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right) \\ \end{gathered} $
$ v = {y_{{\text{st}}}}\left( {\frac{{\omega \sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \left( {{t_{\text{i}}} - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}}{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}} + \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}{{4{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}} \right) - \omega \sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}} \left( \begin{gathered} \frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} {y_{{\text{st}}}}\left( {t - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}}{{2{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi {\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}} + \\ \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}\left( {f_7^ * + f_9^ * {{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}\omega \left( {t - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}} }}} \right) \\ \end{gathered} \right) $
t=ti代入式(32)~(33),即可求出爆炸作用卸载时刻ti对应的位移yi、速度vi表达式。
当时间t>ti时,爆炸作用卸载,梁构件进入以位移yi、速度vi为初始条件的塑性自由运动阶段,即当ti<t<tm时,动力方程为
$ {m_{\text{e}}}\ddot y + {c_{\text{e}}}\dot y + {q_{\text{m}}} = 0 $
该方程与柔性梁构件塑性自由运动阶段方程求解一样,将式(19)~(20)中的tT替换为ti后,即可得出此阶段位移和速度的表达式,其中ym的表达式为
$ {y_{\text{m}}} = {y_{\text{i}}} + \frac{{{v_{\text{i}}}\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}\omega }}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}} - \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{y_{\text{T}}}}}{{4{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2{\xi ^2}}}\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}{v_{\text{i}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \omega {y_{\text{T}}}}}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}} } \right) $
且令
$ \begin{gathered} f_{10}^ * = \frac{{4{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2f_7^ * }}{{{y_{{\text{st}}}}{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}} - \frac{{f_9^ * }}{{{y_{{\text{st}}}}}}\left( {1 - {{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{2{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi \omega \left( {{t_{\text{i}}} - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}} }}} \right) - \omega \sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}} \left[ {\frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} {{\left( {{t_{\text{i}}} - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}^2}}}{{4\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}} + \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}f_7^ * }}{{{y_{{\text{st}}}}\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}\left( {{t_{\text{i}}} - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)} \right]+ \\ \left( {\frac{{\omega \sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \left( {{t_{\text{i}}} - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}}{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}} + \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}{{4{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}} \right)\left( {{t_{\text{i}}} - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right) \\ \end{gathered} $
$ f_{11}^ * = \frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \left( {{t_{\text{i}}} - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}}{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}} + \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}{{4{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2{\alpha _{\text{k}}}\omega {t_{\text{i}}}}} - \sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}} \left[ \begin{gathered} \frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} \left( {{t_{\text{i}}} - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}}{{2{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi {\alpha _{\text{k}}}{t_{\text{i}}}}} + \\ \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}}}{{{y_{{\text{st}}}}\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}\left( {f_7^ * + f_9^ * {{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}\omega \left( {{t_{\text{i}}} - {t_{\text{T}}}} \right)}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}} }}} \right) \\ \end{gathered} \right] $
将式(26)代入式(35),且结合式(22)、(36)、(37),可得刚性梁构件延性比的表达式为
$ \beta = \frac{{f_{10}^ * }}{{{k_{\text{h}}}}} + \frac{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} f_{11}^ * }}{{2{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi {k_{\text{h}}}}}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}} - \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}}}{{4{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2}}\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{2\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}f_{11}^ * }}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} {k_{\text{h}}}}}\sqrt {\frac{{{k_{{\text{m-1}}}}}}{{{k_{{\text{M-L}}}}}}} } \right) $
t=tm时,梁构件达到正向弹塑性位移峰值ym后,开始进行反方向的弹性回弹运动,受理想弹塑性抗力模型影响,构件不再进入塑性回弹阶段[13],此时,动力方程为
$ {M_{\text{e}}}\ddot y + {C_{\text{e}}}\dot y + {K_{\text{e}}}y = {K_{\text{e}}}{y_{\text{m}}} - {q_{\text{m}}} $
求解方程(39),可得到此阶段位移和速度表达式为
$ y = {{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi \omega \left( {t - {t_{\text{m}}}} \right)}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}}}\left( {{y_{\text{T}}}\cos {\omega _{\text{g}}}\left( {t - {t_{\text{m}}}} \right) + \frac{{\xi {\alpha _{\text{c}}}\omega {y_{\text{T}}}}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} {\omega _{\text{g}}}}}\sin {\omega _{\text{g}}}\left( {t - {t_{\text{m}}}} \right)} \right) + {y_{\text{m}}} - {y_{\text{T}}} $
$ v = - {y_{\text{T}}}{{\text{e}}^{ - \frac{{{\alpha _{\text{c}}}\xi \omega \left( {t - {t_{\text{m}}}} \right)}}{{\sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} }}}}\left[ {\left( {{\omega _{\text{g}}} + \frac{{{\xi ^2}{\alpha _{\text{c}}}^2{\omega ^2}}}{{{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}{\omega _{\text{g}}}}}} \right)\sin {\omega _{\text{g}}}\left( {t - {t_{\text{m}}}} \right)} \right] $
梁构件截面众多,有矩形、圆形、工字形和T形等类型,为阐明基本原理,本文以最简单的矩形截面为例,将梁宽设为常量,矩形截面梁高作为影响梁构件质量参数及附加效应的变量,以此来考察不同质量变化下附加刚度、阻尼的变化。梁构件横截面采用矩形时,由矩形高度变化导致梁截面面积增加,质量改变对应的质量参数αm及其附加刚度参数αk、附加阻尼参数αc见下式
$ {\alpha _{\text{m}}} = 1 + {{{d_{\text{h}}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{d_{\text{h}}}} h}} \right. } h},{\text{ }}{\alpha _{\text{k}}} = 1 + {{3{d_{\text{h}}}({{{d_{\text{h}}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{d_{\text{h}}}} h}} \right. } h} + 1)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{3{d_{\text{h}}}({{{d_{\text{h}}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{d_{\text{h}}}} h}} \right. } h} + 1)} h}} \right. } h} + {\left( {{{{d_{\text{h}}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{d_{\text{h}}}} h}} \right. } h}} \right)^3},{\text{ }}{\alpha _{\text{c}}} = \sqrt {{\alpha _{\text{m}}}{\alpha _{\text{k}}}} $
式中:b为矩形截面梁的梁宽,h为矩形截面梁的初始梁高,dh为矩形截面梁的梁高改变量。
以梁构件初始矩形截面面积作为基准值,其质量参数αm及附加刚度参数αk、附加阻尼参数αc均为1.0,对应为工况C1。为考察仅αm改变对梁构件位移的影响,典型地选择质量增加5%、10%、15%、20%的变化量,即αm分别为1.05、1.10、1.15、1.20;αkαc均为1.0(工况C2~C5)。若考察的重点是αc效应,不考虑αk效应时,经计算得出附加阻尼参数αc分别为1.02、1.05、1.07、1.10(工况C6~C9)。若考察的重点是αk效应,不考虑αc耦合效应,经计算,αk分别为1.16、1.33、1.52、1.73(工况C10~C13)。最准确、全面的考虑为αmαkαc效应三者耦合计算(工况C14~C17)。各计算工况信息详见表1
固端梁广泛存在于各类防爆梁构件中,本文便以固端梁为分析类型。设定阻尼比ξ取0.1,根据文献[29],kM-L/km-1取1.17,荷载时长参数ωt=0~50。ωti取0.2、1.0分别为柔性、刚性梁构件典型参数,延性比β取2、5分别代表较低、较高塑性程度的弹塑性位移参数。结合静载位移yst,将各工况动位移y统一做无量纲处理后,分类完成梁构件各工况弹塑性位移时程计算,各工况β=2或5时弹性位移峰值记作y2T/ysty5T/yst,弹塑性位移峰值记作y2m/ysty5m/yst,见图1~4。对于β为2或5时的残余变形y2ry5r的观测,可由y2my5m分别与y2Ty5T的差值计算得出,或由ωt=50对应的位移数值近似得出。
图1(a)可知,对于αmαkαc未做任何改变(即三者皆等于1.0)的工况C1,柔性梁构件塑性发展程度较低或较高对应的β为2或5时,y2T/ysty5T/yst为0.0491、0.0268,其y2m/ysty5m/yst为0.0982、0.1340。在此基准下,αm为1.05对应工况C2的y2T/ysty5T/yst降低至0.0481、0.0263,y2m/ysty5m/yst降低至0.0961、0.1313;随着αm的增大,构件位移持续降低。同理,从图1(b)可知对于刚性梁构件,仅考虑αm的影响下,β为2与5时,弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值也均随着αm的增大而逐渐降低。
图2可知,考虑αm与其αc耦合效应后,较仅考虑αm的弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值均有所降低。如β=2的柔性梁构件,工况C6相比于工况C2,y2T/yst由0.0481降低至0.0480,y2m/yst由0.0961降低至0.0957,降低程度轻微。
图3可知,考虑αmαk耦合效应后,较仅考虑αm时的弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值均有明显降低。如β=2的柔性梁构件,工况C10较工况C2,y2T/yst由0.0481低至0.0445、y2m/yst由0.0961降低至0.0909。可以看出,相同αm下,αk数值越大,梁构件位移响应的降低程度越明显。
进一步地,从图4可知,考虑αmαkαc三者共同耦合效应时,比仅考虑αm、或者仅考虑αmαc两者耦合、或者仅考虑αmαk两者耦合的位移都要降低。这一现象可解释为:αmαkαc中任何一个附加参数耦合计算,梁构件位移幅值都会降低,三者共同耦合后势必加剧降低作用。如β=2的柔性梁构件,工况C14较工况C2、工况C6、工况C10的位移都要低,y2T/yst降低至0.0443,y2m/yst降低至0.0892。
其他条件下,如更换延性比,或选用刚性梁构件进行弹性及弹塑性位移峰值降低程度分析,仍能得出类似上述结论。为使上述定性结论更直观,需对各种条件下的位移峰值计算结果进行定量分析。
αm未改变的工况C1的弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值视为基准值,考察仅αm变化(αkαc不变)对梁构件位移峰值的影响,即研究工况C2~C5的弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值相对于基准值的降低程度,其降低百分比分别记作δTδm,可从图1中计算后得出,具体数据见表2
为进一步考察αm对柔性、刚性两类梁构件影响的差异性,需对相同参数条件下的位移峰值降低程度做对比分析:对β=2时,柔性与刚性梁构件两者的δTδm的差值分别记作δ2Tδ2m;类似地,对β=5时的差值分别记作δ5Tδ5m,其计算结果见表2中右侧。
表2可知,仅考虑αm影响时,αm与位移峰值降低率呈正相关,且该参数对降低梁构件位移峰值影响有限。如工况C2梁构件质量增加5%,对应的最大降低梁构件位移峰值为2.57%,即位移降低率是梁构件质量增加量的51.4%;工况C5梁构件质量增加20%,对应的最大降低梁构件位移峰值为9.35%,位移降低率是梁构件质量增加量的46.8%。其他如提高梁构件质量10%、15%也有类似结论。
研究αmαc效应有二种方法,第一种方法是在αmαc耦合计算的基础上,减去仅考虑αm效应时的计算数值,即工况C6~C9的位移峰值减去工况C2~C5的位移峰值,依次记作相对工况S5~S8。第二种方法是在αmαkαc三参数耦合计算的基础上,减去αmαk两参数耦合计算结果,即工况C14~C17的位移峰值减去工况C10~C13的位移峰值,依次记作相对工况S9~S12。通过两种方法,可量化αc对位移峰值的贡献率。
为方便对比,本文将第一种方法中计算的弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值降幅分别记作δTδm,针对β为2和5的构件柔性与刚性梁的差异性结果分别记作δ2Tδ2mδ5Tδ5m,变化曲线见图5。把第二种方法计算出来的弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值的降低百分比结果记作δδTδδm,在考察柔性与刚性梁构件的差异性时,β=2时的差值分别记作δ2δTδ2δmβ=5时的差值分别记作δ5δTδ5δm。当β为2或5时,采用第二种方法计算的相对工况S9~S12中,弹性位移峰值的δT与弹塑性位移峰值的δm差值依次记作αc1~αc4;位移降幅对比结果见图6
为清晰比较两种方法的差异,将两种方法中的相同αm下的相对工况的计算值进行对比(如S9/S5指的是相对工况S9与相对工况S5的计算值比值),具体数值见表3
图5可知,按第一种方法计算αc效应时,αc效应对两类梁构件弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值的影响程度均较小。如β=2时,相对工况S5~S8对y2T/yst的影响范围为0.13%~0.55%,对y2m/yst的影响范围为0.45%~1.67%。即使β=5时,对这两种位移峰值影响程度也依次为0.07%~0.36%与0.70%~2.59%。虽然该误差在抗爆设计中可接受,但需注意αc效应在两类梁构件中差异性更小,弹性位移峰值的差异性范围为−0.02%~−0.11%,弹塑性位移峰值的差异性范围为0.01%~0.13%。
图6可知,按第二种方法计算αc效应时,αc效应对两类梁构件的弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值的影响程度比第一种方法高。如β=2时,αcy2T/yst的影响范围为0.46%~1.22%,对y2m/yst的影响范围为1.70%~5.19%;β=5时,αc对两种位移峰值的降低程度分别为0.24%~0.77%与2.70%~8.97%。可见三参数耦合计算后的αc效应会显著提升,且对弹性位移峰值的影响程度低于对弹塑性位移峰值的影响。
表3可知,虽然第二种方法计算αc效应时考虑了αk的耦合作用,但αkαc产生的附加耦合效应更明显,使其计算结果比按第一种方法计算出的αc效应明显偏大。如β=2的刚性梁构件,相对工况S9的y2T/ysty2m/yst的降低幅度分别为0.52%、1.71%,分别是相对工况S5计算值0.15%、0.45%的3.47倍、3.80倍。
据此,可得出明确的结论:仅考虑αmαc效应对位移峰值降低程度影响较低,但αm引起的αkαc耦合作用影响很明显,尽管扣除了αk本身的影响,但它间接引起的、看上去仍是αc参与耦合计算的结果仍很明显。因此,研究αm引起的附加效应,应该重点研究αk对位移计算结果的影响。
同研究αmαc效应方法类似,研究αmαk效应也有两种方法。第一种方法是在αmαk两参数耦合计算的基础上,减去仅αm参与计算的数值,即将工况C10~C13的位移峰值减去工况C2~C5的位移峰值,上述两组工况相减计算依次记作相对工况S13~S16;第二种方法是在αmαkαc三参数耦合计算的基础上,减去αmαc两参数耦合计算结果,即将工况C14~C17的位移峰值依次减去工况C6~C9的位移峰值,把两组工况相减计算依次记作相对工况S17~S20。两种方法均可考察出αk对梁构件位移峰值的降低贡献率。
αc的符号标注一致,按第一种、第二种方法计算出的位移峰值降低率符号不变,考察柔性与刚性梁构件差异性时的标注方法也不变。采用第一种方法计算αk对梁构件位移峰值的影响,具体结果见图7。采用第二种方法计算αk效应时,β为2或5时,相对工况S17~S20的弹性位移峰值的δT、弹塑性位移峰值的δm差值计算后依次记作αk1~αk4,结果见图8
图7可知,按第一种方法计算出αmαk效应对两类梁构件弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值的影响程度均较大。如β=2时,相对工况S13~S16对y2T/yst的影响范围为7.45%~34.28%,对y2m/yst的影响范围为4.70%~19.45%;β=5时,对这两种位移峰值影响程度依次为8.45%~37.66%与2.52%~14.99%。αk效应在两类梁构件情况下差异性也较明显,δ2Tδ5T均为负数,范围为−3.00%~−9.23%,说明在弹性位移峰值方面,αk效应对柔性梁构件的影响要低于刚性梁构件;δ2mδ5m均为正数,范围为0.80%~5.92%,说明在弹塑性位移峰值方面,αk效应对柔性梁构件的影响要全部高于刚性梁构件,并且对弹性位移峰值的影响程度要大于对弹塑性位移峰值的影响程度。
图8可知,按第二种方法计算αk效应时,αk效应对梁构件弹性位移峰值的影响程度与第一种方法计算结果基本相同,差异性较小;但对弹塑性位移峰值的影响程度却要大于第一种方法,且差异性较大。
另外,以第一种方法计算的结果为参考值,计算两种方法计算结果的比值,如S17/S13指的是相对工况S17与相对工况S13两者计算值的比值,得到表4中的计算结果。可以看出,弹性位移峰值降低率两种方法的比值为1.01~1.04,弹塑性位移峰值降低率的比值为1.16~1.81。但随着αm的提高,两种方法的差异性逐步降低。两种计算方法结果在弹性位移阶段差别很小,其差异性主要体现在弹塑性位移阶段。随着塑性程度的加剧,即β增大,两种方法计算结果差异性变大,且刚性梁构件较柔性梁构件差异性更明显。
研究αkαc综合效应更能准确地反映出αm的附加效应,其方法也较为简单,只需将三参数耦合作用下的位移峰值减去仅αm参与的位移峰值即可,即将工况C14~C17依次减去工况C2~C5对应的位移数值,同样把相减计算的对应情景依次记作相对工况S21~S24,上述相减后的结果见图9
图9可知,从数值大小、变化规律上来看,αkαc耦合效应都非常接近按第二种方法计算出的αk效应。为考察两者近似程度,以第二种方法计算的αk效应为对比基础数,将αkαc耦合效应对其做相对比值,见表5
图9可知,考虑αmαkαc耦合作用,对梁构件位移峰值降低作用更加明显,这种考虑也使得计算结果更加准确。进一步可知,αm引起的αk对位移峰值贡献最大。上述结果表明:忽略质量增加引发的附加刚度效应(αk)会导致位移理论值高估,与实际测试结果产生偏差。
通过表5的比值关系,也可以看出,相比单一效应的αkαkαc耦合效应对弹性位移峰值降低作用是很有限的,其增加的幅度在1%~2%之间,尤其是β=5,即塑性发展程度较高时,其增加的幅度均在1%以内,这说明对于爆炸作用下梁构件弹性位移峰值的控制,仅考虑αmαk耦合效应而忽略αc效应,基本上也可以达到工程运用的计算精度,且能有效降低计算成本。
当对爆炸作用下梁构件弹塑性位移峰值进行计算及控制时,对于塑性程度较大的梁构件,都应按照αmαkαc三参数耦合效应考虑,尽管同一αm下,αk数值越大,对梁构件弹塑性位移峰值的降低作用越明显。但不可否认的是,αk较小的截面类型,更应考虑αkαc耦合效应,也更应将αc作为重要参数进行耦合计算。
为验证文中提出的计算方法的可靠性,本文以矩形钢梁为研究对象,设计了10种柔性、刚性钢梁,跨长均为700 mm。以截面尺寸为30 mm×45 mm(柔性)、40 mm×60 mm(刚性)的矩形钢梁为基准,通过增加两类钢梁高度使其截面面积分别增加0%、5%、10%、15%、20%,将此10种钢梁编号为T1~T5(柔性)、T6~T10(刚性),采用LS–DYNA软件对钢梁在远场爆炸载荷作用下的动力响应进行仿真分析,具体模型参数见表6,其中频率ω由文献[28]中的等截面梁频率公式计算得出。
两类钢梁均采用SOLID实体单元进行模拟,材料均采用适用于理想弹塑性材料的*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC,密度ρ为7800 kg·m−3,泊松比v为0.3,柔性、刚性两类钢梁弹性模量分别为154.85 GPa、206 GPa;远场爆炸下,若使用流固耦合方法对构件的爆炸响应进行仿真分析,则所需空气域过大,会显著增加计算成本并降低计算效率。因此,可采用*DEFINE_CURVE定义三角形爆炸荷载–时间曲线后,利用*LOAD_SEGMENT_SET将定义的爆炸荷载施加到钢梁上表面;边界条件、阻尼、沙漏通过*BOUNDARY_SPC_SET、*DAMPING_GLOBAL、*CONTROL_HOURGLASS定义。以两类钢梁上表面跨中中点为观测点,有限元模拟结果与理论对比结果可见图10,具体数值结果见表7
图10表7可知,LS–DYNA有限元模拟结果与理论计算结果的整体吻合性较好,且振动趋势基本一致。此外,随着质量的增大,两者在弹塑性位移峰值、残余变形、弹性位移峰值的降低幅度上表现基本一致,最大误差分别为3.85%、4.28%、5.79%,其误差主要源于:(1)有限元方法的精度受到网格尺寸划分的影响;(2)模拟中参数的选取,如时间步长、迭代次数、收敛标准等,会影响结果的准确性。整体来看,本文的理论方法具有较高计算精度。
本文基于质量参数及附加阻尼参数、附加刚度参数详细推导了爆炸作用下梁构件的位移理论解。通过计算工况详细说明了三参数对位移峰值降低程度的影响,并与有限元模拟结果进行对比,验证本文理论方法的可靠性,为梁构件抗爆设计中的参数选择及优化提供了理论依据。主要研究结论如下:
(1) 不考虑质量带来的附加效应时,增加质量对梁构件弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值的降低程度有限,其降低幅度低于增加质量的幅度。
(2) 通过质量–阻尼耦合计算后剔除质量影响,单独考察附加阻尼效应时,其造成的弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值降低幅度均很小,可忽略不计;由质量–阻尼–刚度耦合计算后剥离质量、刚度影响,单独考察附加阻尼效应时,其造成的弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值的降低幅度会明显上升,此时弹塑性位移峰值的降低幅度不可忽略。
(3) 通过质量–刚度耦合计算质量影响剔除,单独考察附加刚度效应时,弹性位移峰值、弹塑性位移峰值的降低幅度较大,且超出了质量增量本身对位移峰值的影响程度;由质量–阻尼–刚度耦合计算后剥离质量、阻尼影响,单独考察附加刚度效应时,弹性位移峰值的降低程度基本与质量–刚度耦合方法计算结果相同,但弹塑性位移峰值的降低幅度会增大。
(4) 若抗爆设计仅需降低梁构件弹性位移峰值,可采用质量–刚度耦合计算,忽略附加阻尼的影响;若抗爆设计需对梁构件弹塑性位移峰值进行降幅,应采用质量–阻尼–刚度耦合计算,不应忽略质量增加带来的附加阻尼、附加刚度影响。

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2026年第30卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.012
  • 接收时间:2025-04-12
  • 首发时间:2026-07-07
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-12
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    中北大学 环境与安全工程学院,太原 030051

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耿少波(1982–),男,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.012
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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