Article(id=1281326768426553636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281326672238580175, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757001600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783421707492, onlineDateStr=2026-07-07, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783421707492, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783421707492, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783421707492, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281326672238580175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2026', volume='30', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783421684559, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783422118948, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281328494261026863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281326672238580175, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281328494261026864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281326672238580175, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=61, endPage=68, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281326768694989093, articleId=1281326768426553636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Research on transition model based on anisotropic SST, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Anisotropic complex flows are prevalent in various engineering applications, with transition phenomena occurring at low to moderate Reynolds numbers. Turbulence models based on Reynolds stress anisotropy are employed to handle these anisotropic complex flows. However, such models are based on fully developed turbulence assumption and lack the capability to predict transition phenomena. In recent times, these models are modified with transition models, which still exhibit poor robustness and practical inconvenience. To address this, this paper combines γ transition model with the SST turbulence model, forming the ASST-γ transition model to effectively deal with the transition phenomena in complex flow fields. To comprehensively evaluate the predictive ability of the ASST-γ model for transition, classical transition cases are numerically calculated for three main types of transition: bypass transition, natural transition, and separation-induced transition. The results indicate that the numerical calculations of the ASST-γ model for the three types of transition are in good agreement with experimental results. In particular, it demonstrates better predictive accuracy for the type of separation-induced transition compared to the SST-γ model. ASST-γ model is capable of predicting these three types of transitions, offering a promising solution to transition issues in complex flow fields.

, authors=Ning LI1, Pan-pan HAN1, Qiao MA3, Xiao-ping QIU3, Yun-xiang YOU1, 2, Kai-jian WU3, authorsList=Ning LI, Pan-pan HAN, Qiao MA, Xiao-ping QIU, Yun-xiang YOU, Kai-jian WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Pan-pan HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of Ship Mechanics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281326776324428132, articleId=1281326768426553636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=CN, title=基于各向异性SST的转捩模型研究, columnId=1241023038087549292, journalTitle=船舶力学, columnName=流体力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

各向异性的复杂流动在工程中广泛存在,且在中低雷诺数下还会存在转捩现象。处理各向异性复杂流动需采用基于雷诺应力各向异性的湍流模型,然而这些模型均是基于完全湍流假设而建立,不具备预测转捩的能力。近年来新发展的几种各向异性框架下的转捩模型又具有鲁棒性差及使用不便等缺点。为此,本文将γ转捩模型与ASST(Anisotropic Shear Stress Transport, ASST)湍流模型相结合,提出了ASST-γ转捩模型,以有效应对复杂流场中的转捩现象。为综合评估ASST-γ对转捩的预测能力,本文针对旁路转捩、自然转捩及分离诱导转捩三种主要转捩类型,分别选取经典的转捩算例进行了数值计算。结果表明:ASST-γ模型对三类转捩的数值计算结果均与试验结果吻合度较高,尤其在分离诱导转捩中的预测精度优于传统SST-γ模型;ASST-γ模型具备预测三类转捩的能力,有望解决复杂流场中的转捩问题。

, authors=李宁1, 韩盼盼1, 马乔3, 邱小平3, 尤云祥1, 2, 吴凯健3, authorsList=李宁, 韩盼盼, 马乔, 邱小平, 尤云祥, 吴凯健, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=韩盼盼, authorNote=

李 宁(1998–),男,博士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
韩盼盼(1990–),男,博士,助理研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:
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Calculation parameters of the flat plate

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CaseU /(m·s−1)Tu /%RT
T3A5.43.010
T3B9.46.0100
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平板计算参数

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CaseU /(m·s−1)Tu /%RT
T3A5.43.010
T3B9.46.0100
), ArticleFig(id=1281326784276828589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326768426553636, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Calculation parameters of the flat plate

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CaseU /(m·s−1)Tu /%RT
T3A-19.80.98.73
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平板计算参数

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CaseU /(m·s−1)Tu /%RT
T3A-19.80.98.73
), ArticleFig(id=1281326784415240623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326768426553636, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Calculation conditions for A airfoil

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U /(m·s−1)Re攻角 /°Tu /%RT
512.1×10613.3210
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A翼型计算工况

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U /(m·s−1)Re攻角 /°Tu /%RT
512.1×10613.3210
), ArticleFig(id=1281326784574624177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326768426553636, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Location of the tailing-edge separation for each model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
湍流模型F1 EXPASSTSST-γASST-γ
分离点0.95c0.87c0.93c0.96c
Cd0.2040.2700.1760.180
Cl1.5601.4781.5881.581
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各模型尾部分离点位置

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湍流模型F1 EXPASSTSST-γASST-γ
分离点0.95c0.87c0.93c0.96c
Cd0.2040.2700.1760.180
Cl1.5601.4781.5881.581
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基于各向异性SST的转捩模型研究
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李宁 1 , 韩盼盼 1 , 马乔 3 , 邱小平 3 , 尤云祥 1, 2 , 吴凯健 3
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2026,30(1): 61-68
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船舶力学 |流体力学 2026 , 30 (1) : 61 -68
基于各向异性SST的转捩模型研究
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李宁1, 韩盼盼1 , 马乔3, 邱小平3, 尤云祥1, 2, 吴凯健3
作者信息
  • 1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
  • 2.上海交通大学 三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院,海南 三亚 572000
  • 3.上海君昱信息科技有限公司,上海 201800
通讯作者:
韩盼盼(1990–),男,博士,助理研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:
作者简介:

李 宁(1998–),男,博士研究生

Research on transition model based on anisotropic SST
Ning LI1, Pan-pan HAN1 , Qiao MA3, Xiao-ping QIU3, Yun-xiang YOU1, 2, Kai-jian WU3
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • 2.Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572000, China
  • 3.Shanghai Junyu Information Technology Limited, Shanghai 201800, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.007
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各向异性的复杂流动在工程中广泛存在,且在中低雷诺数下还会存在转捩现象。处理各向异性复杂流动需采用基于雷诺应力各向异性的湍流模型,然而这些模型均是基于完全湍流假设而建立,不具备预测转捩的能力。近年来新发展的几种各向异性框架下的转捩模型又具有鲁棒性差及使用不便等缺点。为此,本文将γ转捩模型与ASST(Anisotropic Shear Stress Transport, ASST)湍流模型相结合,提出了ASST-γ转捩模型,以有效应对复杂流场中的转捩现象。为综合评估ASST-γ对转捩的预测能力,本文针对旁路转捩、自然转捩及分离诱导转捩三种主要转捩类型,分别选取经典的转捩算例进行了数值计算。结果表明:ASST-γ模型对三类转捩的数值计算结果均与试验结果吻合度较高,尤其在分离诱导转捩中的预测精度优于传统SST-γ模型;ASST-γ模型具备预测三类转捩的能力,有望解决复杂流场中的转捩问题。

雷诺应力各向异性  /  湍流模型  /  转捩模型

Anisotropic complex flows are prevalent in various engineering applications, with transition phenomena occurring at low to moderate Reynolds numbers. Turbulence models based on Reynolds stress anisotropy are employed to handle these anisotropic complex flows. However, such models are based on fully developed turbulence assumption and lack the capability to predict transition phenomena. In recent times, these models are modified with transition models, which still exhibit poor robustness and practical inconvenience. To address this, this paper combines γ transition model with the SST turbulence model, forming the ASST-γ transition model to effectively deal with the transition phenomena in complex flow fields. To comprehensively evaluate the predictive ability of the ASST-γ model for transition, classical transition cases are numerically calculated for three main types of transition: bypass transition, natural transition, and separation-induced transition. The results indicate that the numerical calculations of the ASST-γ model for the three types of transition are in good agreement with experimental results. In particular, it demonstrates better predictive accuracy for the type of separation-induced transition compared to the SST-γ model. ASST-γ model is capable of predicting these three types of transitions, offering a promising solution to transition issues in complex flow fields.

Reynolds stress anisotropy  /  turbulence model  /  transition model
李宁, 韩盼盼, 马乔, 邱小平, 尤云祥, 吴凯健. 基于各向异性SST的转捩模型研究. 船舶力学, 2026 , 30 (1) : 61 -68 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.007
Ning LI, Pan-pan HAN, Qiao MA, Xiao-ping QIU, Yun-xiang YOU, Kai-jian WU. Research on transition model based on anisotropic SST[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2026 , 30 (1) : 61 -68 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.007
各向异性流动广泛存在于工程实际,如在围壳与艇体结合处形成的马蹄涡、管道流中在弯管处形成的迪恩涡及压缩机中的强烈二次流等。这些流动具有复杂的流动结构及不平衡性,对振动噪声、对流换热及能耗等工程问题产生深远的影响[1]
雷诺平均方法(Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes, RANS)具备稳定性好、计算成本低的优点[2],普遍应用于工程实际。针对上述各向异性流动问题,需采用考虑雷诺应力各向异性特性的湍流模型。目前处理各向异性复杂流动的方法包括雷诺应力模型(Reynolds Stress Model, RSM)、显式代数雷诺应力模型(Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model, EARSM)及非线性涡流粘度模型(Non–Linear Eddy Viscosity Model, NLEVM)三类主要方法[3]。RSM方法[4]是对6个雷诺应力输运方程直接求解,存在求解难度高、计算量大的问题,限制了RSM在工程中的应用范围。EARSM方法[5]是对雷诺应力张量的显式表达模型,由隐式代数雷诺应力模型(Implicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model, IARSM)延伸而来,虽然发展了多种EARSM[3, 6],但大多都存在着鲁棒性差的问题,在工程上也很难广泛使用。NLEVM的基本思想是在涡粘模型框架内,通过增加非线性项的方式来表征雷诺应力的各向异性特性,因此NLEVM的表达式相对简单,极大提高了求解速度和稳定性[7-8]。ASST(Anisotropic Shear Stress Transport)模型是Vitillo等[9-10]提出的基于SST $ k - \omega $模型的一种NLEVM,很好地再现了槽道流、方形截面管道流及90°弯管流中的各向异性复杂涡流,且在求解鲁棒性和表达式复杂程度方面与SST $ k - \omega $模型接近,在处理各向异性复杂流动方面表现出了巨大潜力。
在中低雷诺数下,流动过程中常伴有转捩现象的发生。然而,传统各向异性特性的湍流模型均基于完全湍流假设,并不能准确模拟层流–湍流转捩过程,很难反映真实的流动情况[11-12]。鉴于此,近年来相关学者提出了在传统各向异性湍流模型中加入转捩修正,以同时处理流动的各向异性及层流–湍流转捩。Nie等[13]将RSM方法中的SSG/LRR–$ \omega $模型与γ–Reθ转捩模型结合,提出了γ–Reθ RSM模型。Pisharoti等[14]将SSG/LRR–$ \omega $模型与γ转捩模型进行结合,并对雷诺应力输送方程的生成项和$ \omega $输送方程进行修改,提出了SSG/LRR–$ \omega $γ模型。Holman等[15]提出了一种EARSM与旁路转捩代数模型耦合模型。Louda等[16]讨论了三种基于间歇因子的转捩模型,并将之应用于EARSM,提出了EARSM transition模型。然而,上述模型同样继承了RSM、EARSM方法的缺陷,当结合转捩模型后,微分方程最多可达9个,大幅提高了计算的难度,难以普及应用。NLEVM并不存在这些缺陷,因此基于NLEVM进行转捩修正,是有望解决上述问题的一种有效途径。遗憾的是,这方面的研究较少,姚冉[17]采用修改方程源项的方式,对一种NLEVM模型进行了转捩扩展,但其仅对比分析了不同湍流度下的平板转捩数值模拟结果,且计算效果不佳。
为此,本文选取NLEVM中的ASST模型,并将其与γ转捩模型相结合,构建基于雷诺应力各向异性框架的ASST–γ模型,并将其植入自研CFD软件NUWA: FLOWUV,以应对同时处理各向异性流动及层流–湍流转捩问题的迫切工程需求。为评估ASST–γ模型对转捩问题的适用性,本文对旁路转捩、自然转捩及分离诱导转捩三类主要转捩现象分别选取验证算例,并与传统SST–γ模型进行对比分析。
ASST模型[9]是一种NLEVM模型,其对传统SST $ k - \omega $湍流模型[18]的雷诺应力加入了非线性项,具有处理湍流各向异性特性的能力,其雷诺应力表达式如下
$ \begin{gathered} - \rho \overline {{u_i}{u_j}} = {\mu _t}\left( {\frac{{\partial {u_i}}}{{\partial {x_j}}} + \frac{{\partial {u_j}}}{{\partial {x_i}}}} \right) - \frac{2}{3}\left( {\rho k + {\mu _t}\frac{{\partial {u_k}}}{{\partial {x_k}}}} \right){\delta _{ij}} - ka_{ij}^{{\mathrm{ASST}}} \\ a_{ij}^{{\mathrm{ASST}}} = 4\left( {{C_1}{T_{1,ij}} + {C_2}{T_{2,ij}} + {C_3}{T_{3,ij}}} \right) \\ \end{gathered} $
式(1)中相关参数表示如下
$\begin{split} & {C}_{1}=\dfrac{{C}_{{\mathrm{NL}}1}}{{C}_{{\mathrm{NL}}4}+{C}_{{\mathrm{NL}}5}{\left(\left|{\overline{S}}^{\ast }\right|\right)}^{3}},{C}_{2}=\dfrac{{C}_{{\mathrm{NL}}2}}{{C}_{{\mathrm{NL}}4}+{C}_{{\mathrm{NL}}5}{\left(\left|{\overline{S}}^{\ast }\right|\right)}^{3}},{C}_{3}=\dfrac{{C}_{{\mathrm{NL}}3}}{{C}_{{\mathrm{NL}}4}+{C}_{{\mathrm{NL}}5}{\left(\left|{\overline{S}}^{\ast }\right|\right)}^{3}}\text{,}{C}_{\mu }=\dfrac{7.4}{3.9+\left|{\overline{S}}^{\ast }\right|}\\& {T}_{1,ki}={\overline{S}}^{\ast }{}_{ij}{\overline{S}}^{\ast }{}_{jk}-\dfrac{1}{3}{\overline{S}}^{\ast }{}_{jl}{\overline{S}}^{\ast }{}_{jl}{\delta }_{ik},{T}_{2,ki}={\overline{\varOmega }}^{\ast }{}_{ij}{\overline{S}}^{\ast }{}_{jk}-{\overline{\varOmega }}^{\ast }{}_{jk}{\overline{S}}^{\ast }{}_{ij},{T}_{3,ki}={\overline{\varOmega }}^{\ast }{}_{ij}{\overline{\varOmega }}^{\ast }{}_{jk}-\dfrac{1}{3}{\overline{\varOmega }}^{\ast }{}_{jl}{\overline{\varOmega }}^{\ast }{}_{jl}{\delta }_{ik}\\& {\mu }_{t}=\dfrac{\rho {B}}{\mathrm{max}\left(\dfrac{{B}}{{C}_{\mu }}\dfrac{\omega }{k},\left|\overline{S}\right|{F}_{2}\right)}\end{split} $
式中:$ \bar S_{ij}^* = \tau {\bar S_{ij}} $$ \bar \varOmega _{ij}^* = \tau {\bar \varOmega _{ij}} $代表平均流的无因次应变率和涡量张量,$ \tau = 1/{\beta ^*}\omega $为Kolmogorov限制器的湍流时间尺度,$ {C_{{\mathrm{NL}}1}}、{C_{{\mathrm{NL}}2}}、{C_{{\mathrm{NL}}3}}、{C_{{\mathrm{NL}}4}}、C_{{\mathrm{NL}}5} $为标定参数。
为扩展该模型的转捩性能,引入Langtry和Menter[19]提出的γ转捩模型,并对ASST模型的湍动能方程及比耗散率方程进行修改,得到ASST–γ转捩模型。该模型的湍流方程表示如下
$ \frac{{{\mathrm{D}}\rho k}}{{{\mathrm{D}}t}} = \gamma {P_k} + {P_k}^{{\mathrm{lim}}} - \max \left( {\gamma ,0.1} \right)\rho {\beta ^*}k\omega + \frac{\partial }{{\partial {x_j}}}\left[ {\left( {\mu {\text{ + }}{\sigma _k}{\mu _t}} \right)\frac{{\partial k}}{{\partial {x_j}}}} \right] $
$ \frac{{{\mathrm{D}}\rho \omega }}{{{\mathrm{D}}t}} = \frac{{\rho \tilde \gamma }}{{{\nu _t}}}{P_k} - \rho \beta {\omega ^2} + 2\rho \left( {1 - {F_1}} \right){\sigma _{\omega 2}}\frac{1}{\omega }\frac{{\partial k}}{{\partial {x_j}}}\frac{{\partial \omega }}{{\partial {x_j}}} + \frac{\partial }{{\partial {x_j}}}\left[ {\left( {\mu {\text{ + }}{\sigma _\omega }{\mu _t}} \right)\frac{{\partial \omega }}{{\partial {x_j}}}} \right] $
式中:$ {P_k} = \min \left( {\left[ {2{\mu _t}{{\bar S}_{ij}} - \frac{2}{3}k{\delta _{ij}} - ka_{ij}^{{\mathrm{ASST}}}} \right]{{\bar S}_{jk}},10{\beta ^*}k\omega } \right) $为湍动能方程生成项;$ {P_k}^{{\mathrm{lim}}} $为方程附加项,用来确保在任意低湍流强度水平下,在转捩点仍可以生成湍动能k
γ转捩模型方程表示如下
$ \frac{{{\mathrm{D}}\rho \gamma }}{{{\mathrm{D}}t}} = {P_\gamma } - {E_\gamma } + \frac{\partial }{{\partial {x_j}}}\left[ {\left( {\mu {\text{ + }}\frac{{{\mu _t}}}{{{\sigma _\gamma }}}} \right)\frac{{\partial \gamma }}{{\partial {x_j}}}} \right] $
式中:Pγ、Eγ等参数采用了文献[19]中相同的表达式,在此不再赘述。
根据欧洲流动、湍流和燃烧协会的T3系列平板转捩试验[20],对ASST–γ模型进行旁路转捩预测性能评估,本节选用零压力梯度下的T3A及T3B作为测试算例。T3A及T3B算例的几何模型相同,但是来流条件存在差异,其计算参数如表1所示,其中U代表来流速度,Tu代表来流湍流度,RT代表粘性比。
本文设置T3系列的计算域长3 m,高1 m,设置的网格首层y+<1,平板流向网格数目N>100[21]图1为网格示意图。图2为T3A、T3B平板自由来流湍流强度随流向分布曲线,湍流分布与试验结果吻合很好,这说明本文的流场设置与试验条件接近。图3图4为不同湍流模型对T3A、T3B平板摩擦力系数Cf的预测结果与试验值对比图,图中曲线上升的起始点即为转捩点,曲线停止上升的点即为转捩完成点,二者中间区域即为转捩区域。由图3可知,对于T3A平板,SST–γ模型与ASST–γ模型均可以精准地捕捉到转捩开始位置,而ASST模型由于来流是完全发展湍流,无法预测转捩现象。由图4可知,对于T3B平板,SST–γ模型与ASST–γ模型预测出了T3B平板的旁路转捩现象,而ASST–γ模型准确地抓取了转捩完成位置,预测出了较为准确的转捩区长度,而SST–γ模型并未能够准确捕捉到转捩完成位置。ASST–γ模型预测的Cf曲线在转捩区的“下潜深度”不足,与试验仍有差距,这点与SST–γ转捩模型的表现一致[22]。综合看来,ASST–γ模型具备对旁路转捩的预测能力,且在T3B平板上预测精度高于SST–γ转捩模型。
在湍流度较低(Tu<1%),并超出临界雷诺数时,会生成Tollmien–Schlichting波(T–S波),T–S波使层流边界层逐渐失稳,最终发生转捩,该转捩称为自然转捩。本节以T3A–作为自然转捩测试算例,其计算参数如表2所示,其中U代表来流速度,Tu代表来流湍流度,RT代表粘性比。
图5图6分别为T3A–算例的湍流度沿流向分布及摩擦力系数分布。由图5可知,不同模型计算的流场湍流分布与试验值吻合度较高。由图6可知,ASST–γ模型模拟出了自然转捩现象,且对转捩点及转捩点之前的Cf分布预测与试验吻合很好,与SST–γ模型结果相近,而ASST模型则无法模拟出该转捩现象。
攻角为13.3°的A翼型上表面存在典型的分离诱导转捩现象,ONERA[23]利用F1、F2风洞对此进行了试验研究。本节以A翼型作为分离诱导转捩测试算例,采用与ONERA试验条件一致的计算工况,并与试验结果进行对比,其工况如表3所示。图7为计算域示意图,坐标原点位于翼型前缘点,(xyz)为笛卡尔坐标系,(ξηζ)为曲线坐标系,ξ沿壁面切线方向,η垂直壁面方向,zζ方向一致,垂直于计算域纵剖面。速度入口距离坐标原点10c,压力出口距离坐标原点20c,上、下边界距离坐标原点10c,其中c为A翼型的弦长。边界层首层y+取0.5,网格增长率取1.1,对翼型首部及尾部进行网格加密,网格总量达到300万,网格纵剖面图如图8所示。
图9为A翼型表面压力系数Cp分布。可以看出,ASST模型由于基于全湍流假设,无法预测出A翼型在x/c=0.12附近处的“压力凸起”,而且上表面压力系数略低于ASST–γ模型。ASST–γ模型在x/c=0.12处有效预测出了分离诱导转捩引起的“压力凸起”,凸起长度与试验值吻合度很高,SST–γ模型与ASST–γ模型预测的Cp分布结果接近。
摩擦力系数Cf分布曲线可以直接反映出分离诱导转捩现象:分离泡的出现使其附近出现与流向相反的回流,从而引起负摩擦力系数,负摩擦力系数出现和结束的位置分别对应着层流分离和湍流再附着位置。图10为不同湍流模型模拟A翼型上表面摩擦力系数Cf分布,其中蓝色实线为LES结果[24]。可以看出,ASST–γ模型在x/c=0.12附近预测出负摩擦力系数区域,意味着在该位置出现了分离诱导转捩引起的分离泡,与LES结果高度吻合。在分离诱导转捩完成后流体再附于壁面,会引起较大的剪切应力,Cf曲线会出现峰值。由图可知,ASST–γ模型有效地预测出了曲线峰值,且预测的峰值比SST–γ模型更接近F1试验值。流动在尾部由于强大的逆压梯度会出现湍流分离,湍流分离位置结果如表4所示,相对于ASST模型和SST–γ模型,ASST–γ转捩模型预测的湍流分离位置更接近F1试验值的结果。表4还列举了不同湍流模型计算的阻力系数Cd和升力系数Cl,ASST–γ转捩模型相比ASST模型和SST–γ模型具有更高的精度,这说明基于雷诺应力各向异性修正的ASST–γ转捩模型有利于提升对翼型绕流水动力性能的计算精度。
图11为翼型上表面不同站位处的流向速度分布,左侧图从左至右分别代表为x/c=0.1、0.15、0.2站位处的速度曲线,右侧图从左至右分别代表x/c=0.3、0.5站位处的速度曲线,其中ηη0代表垂直壁面的高度。可以看出,ASST模型无法准确预测分离诱导转捩前后的速度流场,预测结果偏小,ASST–γ转捩模型可以预测出转捩前后准确的速度分布,与试验值、LES值吻合很好,并且与SST–γ转捩模型预测精度相当。
图12为翼型上表面不同站位处的雷诺应力,其中$ {\left\langle u \right\rangle _{{\mathrm{rms}}}}/U = \sqrt {\overline {u'u'} } /U $,左侧图从左至右分别代表为x/c=0.1、0.15、0.2站位处的雷诺应力,右侧图从左至右分别代表x/c=0.3、0.5站位处的雷诺应力,坐标采用局部坐标系,x方向为当地流向方向,y方向垂直翼型壁面,y0代表壁面的起始位置。由图可知,ASST–γ在几个站位预测的结果外形上均与LES结果相吻合,仅在局部如x/c=0.15、0.2站位处靠近0点的附近与LES结果有一定的偏差。然而,SST–γ模型在各个站位的预测精度均低于ASST–γ模型,尤其是在x/c=0.3、0.5站位,这主要是因为分离诱导转捩附近的流场不稳定,各向异性特征明显,SST–γ模型难以处理该流动现象,而ASST–γ模型弥补了SST–γ模型中雷诺应力线性简化的缺陷,可以更为准确地预测雷诺应力分布。ASST模型在几个站位的计算结果均与LES/试验偏差较大。特别地,在x/c=0.1站位,ASST模型预测出了突出的雷诺应力,而在该位置实际处于层流状态,并无雷诺应力,这说明基于完全湍流假设的ASST模型是无法预测层流的。可见,ASST–γ转捩模型可以预测分离诱导转捩,且预测精度比SST–γ模型有所提升。
本文将γ转捩模型与ASST湍流模型结合,提出了基于雷诺应力各向异性框架的ASST–γ转捩模型,并选取了T3A、T3B、T3A–及A翼型绕流四个标准算例,对旁路转捩、自然转捩及分离诱导转捩三类主要转捩进行了数值计算验证,主要得出以下结论:
(1) ASST–γ转捩模型可以准确预测出T3A、T3B、T3A–平板存在的转捩现象及转捩位置。特别地,在T3B平板中,ASST–γ模型比SST–γ模型更为精准地捕捉到了转捩完成的位置。
(2) ASST–γ转捩模型可以精准模拟出A翼型绕流算例中的分离泡及分离诱导转捩现象,预测精度相对于SST–γ转捩模型得到了显著提升。
综上,本文提出的ASST–γ转捩模型对旁路转捩、自然转捩及分离诱导转捩三类转捩均具有出色的模拟能力,且在平板流及A翼型算例中预测精度比传统SST–γ转捩模型有所提升,尤其在分离诱导转捩下精度明显优于传统SST–γ转捩模型,将来有望处理各向异性流中的转捩问题。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.007
  • 接收时间:2025-09-05
  • 首发时间:2026-07-07
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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    1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
    2.上海交通大学 三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院,海南 三亚 572000
    3.上海君昱信息科技有限公司,上海 201800

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韩盼盼(1990–),男,博士,助理研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:
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