Article(id=1241777709991395708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241777699996368955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.02.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1674835200000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773992477175, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1717171200000, pubDateStr=2024-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773992477175, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773992477175, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992477175, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241777699996368955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773992474792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992784144, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241778997575619516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241777699996368955, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241778997575619517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241777699996368955, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=23, endPage=31, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241777710473740693, articleId=1241777709991395708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Research on Advanced Cutting Control Blasting of Complex Lithologic Tunnel, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the poor excavation effect of traditional blasting in complex lithology tunnels, a method called advanced cutting control blasting is proposed based on the research of traditional smooth blasting and pre-splitting blasting. This method involves conducting the blasting around weak surrounding rock areas after tunnel contouring hole blasting. A quasi-three-dimensional model was established, and numerical simulations were conducted using the fluid-structure interaction (ALE) algorithm and ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element analysis software to compare the advanced cutting control blasting method with traditional pre-splitting and smooth blasting methods. The results show that compared to smooth blasting and pre-splitting, advanced cutting control blasting reduced the depth of damage around the tunnel contour by 6.85% and 10.08%, respectively. Based on simulation results, field blast test plans were designed, and comparative tests between smooth surface blasting and advanced cutting control blasting methods were carried out. The blast results demonstrated that after adopting the advanced cutting control method, the tunnel contour had good shaping effects without block falling or collapse in weak surrounding rock areas, while over-excavation was effectively controlled. Three-dimensional cross-sectional scanning data and statistical results of post-blast sections indicated that compared to well-performing smooth surface blasting, maximum over-excavation decreased by 35.98%, average over-excavation decreased by 25.60%, concrete consumption decreased by 26.3%, and flatness standard deviation increased by 24.29%. This method has been verified through field practice as it reduces over-excavation while mitigating blast damage in complex lithology areas, thereby improving tunnel retaining rock flatness.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHONG Dong-wang (1963-), male, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in engineering blasting and controlled blasting research, (E-mail) .
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针对复杂岩性隧道传统爆破开挖效果差的问题,基于传统光面爆破与预裂爆破的研究,在隧道周边局部存在软弱围岩情况下,将软弱围岩区周边孔的爆破提前至掏槽孔爆破之后进行,提出一种超前切割控制爆破方法。建立了准三维模型,使用流固耦合(ALE)算法和ANSYS/Ls-dyna有限元分析软件,对超前切割爆破方法与传统预裂、光面爆破方法进行了数值模拟对比研究,结果表明:相较于光面爆破与预裂爆破,对超前切割爆破在隧道轮廓周边损伤深度分别降低了6.85%与10.08%。结合仿真结果设计了现场爆破试验方案,并开展了光面爆破及超前切割爆破方法的现场对比试验,爆破结果表明:采用超前切割的爆破方法后,隧道的轮廓面成型效果好且软弱围岩区无掉块、坍塌情况,同时超欠挖得到有效控制。对爆破后的断面进行三维断面扫描数据及统计结果表明:相较于效果较好的光面爆破,超前切割爆破的最大超挖降低了35.98%、平均超挖降低了25.60%,混凝土消耗数量降低了26.3%,其平整度标准差提高了24.29%。该方法经过现场实践验证,在降低超挖的同时还可以减弱复杂岩性区内的爆破损伤,提升隧道保留围岩平整度。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
钟冬望(1963-),男,教授、博士生导师,主要从事工程爆破、控制爆破方面研究,(E-mail)
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杨志龙(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事爆炸动力学及应用研究,(E-mail)

YANG Zhi-long (1998-), male, master candidate, mainly engaged in explosion dynamics and application research, (E-mail) .

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杨志龙(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事爆炸动力学及应用研究,(E-mail)

YANG Zhi-long (1998-), male, master candidate, mainly engaged in explosion dynamics and application research, (E-mail) .

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杨志龙(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事爆炸动力学及应用研究,(E-mail)

YANG Zhi-long (1998-), male, master candidate, mainly engaged in explosion dynamics and application research, (E-mail) .

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Rational selection of delay time in in-hole and between-holes microsecond blasting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241777735534707146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=28, issue=2, pageStart=45, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=38, authorNames=张志呈, 熊文, 吝曼卿, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张志呈, 熊文, 吝曼卿. 浅谈逐孔起爆技术时间间隔的选取[J]. 爆破, 2011, 28(2): 45-48., articleTitle=浅谈逐孔起爆技术时间间隔的选取, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241777735610204621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=28, issue=2, pageStart=45, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=39, authorNames=ZHANG Zhi-cheng, XIONG Wen, LIN Man-qing, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Zhi-cheng, XIONG Wen, LIN Man-qing. Discussion of delay interval election of hole by hole initiation[J]. Blasting, 2011, 28(2): 45-48. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Discussion of delay interval election of hole by hole initiation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241777735681507791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=2, pageStart=85, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=40, authorNames=郭侃, 雷战, 艾欣, journalName=工程爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭侃, 雷战, 艾欣, . 延时时间对岩石爆破效果影响的探讨[J]. 工程爆破, 2021, 27(2): 85-90., articleTitle=延时时间对岩石爆破效果影响的探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241777735752810962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=2, pageStart=85, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=41, authorNames=GUO Kan, LEI Zhan, AI Xin, journalName=Engineering Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO Kan, LEI Zhan, AI Xin, et al. Discussion on the influence of delay time on rock blasting effect[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2021, 27(2): 85-90. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Discussion on the influence of delay time on rock blasting effect, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241777735832502740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=139, pageEnd=146, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=42, authorNames=李腾飞, 钟冬望, 司剑峰, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李腾飞, 钟冬望, 司剑峰, . 基于复合消能爆破技术的海底基坑开挖数值模拟研究[J]. 爆破, 2023, 40(1): 139-146., articleTitle=基于复合消能爆破技术的海底基坑开挖数值模拟研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241777735903805912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=139, pageEnd=146, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=43, authorNames=LI Teng-fei, ZHONG Dong-wang, SI Jianfeng, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Teng-fei, ZHONG Dong-wang, SI Jianfeng, et al. Numerical simulation research on submarine foundation pit excavation based on energy dissipation blasting technology[J]. Blasting, 2023, 40(1): 139-146. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Numerical simulation research on submarine foundation pit excavation based on energy dissipation blasting technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241777736000274906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=65, issue=10, pageStart=200, pageEnd=204, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=44, authorNames=李瑶, 禚一, 吴勇生, journalName=铁道标准设计, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李瑶, 禚一, 吴勇生, . 基于三维激光扫描技术的超欠挖算法在隧道开挖中的应用[J]. 铁道标准设计, 2021, 65(10): 200-204., articleTitle=基于三维激光扫描技术的超欠挖算法在隧道开挖中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241777736075772381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=65, issue=10, pageStart=200, pageEnd=204, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=45, authorNames=LI Yao, ZHUO Yi, WU Yong-sheng, journalName=Railway Standard Design, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Yao, ZHUO Yi, WU Yong-sheng, et al. Application of over-under-cut algorithm in tunnel excavation based on 3D laser scanning technology[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2021, 65(10): 200-204. 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articleId=1241777709991395708, language=CN, label=图1, caption=隧道顶部存在夹泥的不良地质条件, figureFileSmall=JK9jdqhE2KQwx8CeKE8DVw==, figureFileBig=QSUXD7os4VtaqB4mX9Yigw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241777724184920215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Dimension diagram of finite element model (unit: cm), figureFileSmall=StmHySb2Ab+lgAaWNpu+rw==, figureFileBig=fXBA/e2y8YR7vn8bD7tN8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241777724323332256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, language=CN, label=图2, caption=有限元模型尺寸示意图(单位:cm), figureFileSmall=StmHySb2Ab+lgAaWNpu+rw==, figureFileBig=fXBA/e2y8YR7vn8bD7tN8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241777724423995559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Initiation sequence of presplit,smooth and advanced cutting 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Rock material parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(kg·m-3剪切模量G/GPa归一化内聚力F1归一化硬化压力F2应变率系数S压力硬化指数N准静态单轴抗压强度fc/MPa
244017.60.791.60.0070.6140
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岩石材料参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(kg·m-3剪切模量G/GPa归一化内聚力F1归一化硬化压力F2应变率系数S压力硬化指数N准静态单轴抗压强度fc/MPa
244017.60.791.60.0070.6140
), ArticleFig(id=1241777727947211013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Explosive material parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(kg·m-3爆速D/(m·s-1 C-J压力PCJ/GPa炸药状态方程常数
A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω E/GPa
1.1380037852.418.024.61.300.3810.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241777728052068618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

炸药材料参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(kg·m-3爆速D/(m·s-1 C-J压力PCJ/GPa炸药状态方程常数
A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω E/GPa
1.1380037852.418.024.61.300.3810.2
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Air material parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(kg·m-3截止压力PC/Pa动态粘度MU/(N·s/m-2空气状态方程常数
C0~C3 C4 C5 C6 e v
0.0012-1E-102.00E-0500.40.4001
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空气材料参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(kg·m-3截止压力PC/Pa动态粘度MU/(N·s/m-2空气状态方程常数
C0~C3 C4 C5 C6 e v
0.0012-1E-102.00E-0500.40.4001
), ArticleFig(id=1241777728358252822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Smooth blasting charge design table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮孔名称炮孔数量/个孔长/cm单孔药量/条药量/kg雷管段别
掏槽孔(短)142838.033.61
掏槽孔(长)1642611.052.83
辅助孔353707.578.81、3、5、9
内圈孔213504.025.29
底孔103709.027.011
周边孔583501.321.811
总计154  239.2 
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方案一光面爆破装药设计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮孔名称炮孔数量/个孔长/cm单孔药量/条药量/kg雷管段别
掏槽孔(短)142838.033.61
掏槽孔(长)1642611.052.83
辅助孔353707.578.81、3、5、9
内圈孔213504.025.29
底孔103709.027.011
周边孔583501.321.811
总计154  239.2 
), ArticleFig(id=1241777728572162335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Advanced cutting blasting charge design table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮孔名称炮孔数量/个孔长/cm单孔药量/条药量/kg雷管段别
掏槽孔(短)142838.033.61
掏槽孔(长)1642611.052.83
辅助孔353707.578.81、3、5、9
内圈孔213504.025.211
底孔103709.027.013
周边孔(切割)73501.5 3.27
周边孔(光面)513501.319.913
总计154  240.4 
), ArticleFig(id=1241777728664437025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

方案二超前切割装药设计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮孔名称炮孔数量/个孔长/cm单孔药量/条药量/kg雷管段别
掏槽孔(短)142838.033.61
掏槽孔(长)1642611.052.83
辅助孔353707.578.81、3、5、9
内圈孔213504.025.211
底孔103709.027.013
周边孔(切割)73501.5 3.27
周边孔(光面)513501.319.913
总计154  240.4 
), ArticleFig(id=1241777728752517414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Overcutting quantity table of blasting tunneling

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
次序开挖方法米均超挖量/m3回填倍数/%最大超挖/m平均超挖/m
第一次方案一光面爆破28.535659.7684.8431.477
第二次方案一光面爆破6.958160.8791.1440.360
第三次方案一光面爆破9.881228.4680.9490.511
第四次方案二超前切割6.203143.4220.6700.324
), ArticleFig(id=1241777728886735148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777709991395708, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

爆破掘进超挖工程数量表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
次序开挖方法米均超挖量/m3回填倍数/%最大超挖/m平均超挖/m
第一次方案一光面爆破28.535659.7684.8431.477
第二次方案一光面爆破6.958160.8791.1440.360
第三次方案一光面爆破9.881228.4680.9490.511
第四次方案二超前切割6.203143.4220.6700.324
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复杂岩性隧道超前切割爆破方法研究
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杨志龙 1a, 1b , 钟冬望 1a, 1b , 白文良 2 , 赵云鹏 2 , 马建军 1a, 1b , 李腾飞 1a, 1b , 何理 1a, 1b , 司剑峰 1a, 1b, 3 , 蔡路军 1a, 1b
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024,41(2): 23-31
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024, 41(2): 23-31
复杂岩性隧道超前切割爆破方法研究
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杨志龙1a, 1b , 钟冬望1a, 1b , 白文良2, 赵云鹏2, 马建军1a, 1b, 李腾飞1a, 1b, 何理1a, 1b, 司剑峰1a, 1b, 3, 蔡路军1a, 1b
作者信息
  • 1a.武汉科技大学 理学院,武汉 430065
  • 1b.武汉科技大学 湖北省智能爆破工程技术研究中心,武汉 430065
  • 2.中国铁建大桥工程局集团有限公司,天津 300300
  • 3.中铁四院集团建设工程有限责任公司,武汉 430065
  • 杨志龙(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事爆炸动力学及应用研究,(E-mail)

    YANG Zhi-long (1998-), male, master candidate, mainly engaged in explosion dynamics and application research, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

钟冬望(1963-),男,教授、博士生导师,主要从事工程爆破、控制爆破方面研究,(E-mail)
Research on Advanced Cutting Control Blasting of Complex Lithologic Tunnel
Zhi-long YANG1a, 1b , Dong-wang ZHONG1a, 1b , Wen-liang BAI2, Yun-peng ZHAO2, Jian-jun MA1a, 1b, Teng-fei LI1a, 1b, Li HE1a, 1b, Jian-feng SI1a, 1b, 3, Lu-jun CAI1a, 1b
Affiliations
  • 1a.College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
  • 1b.Hubei Intelligent Blasting Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
  • 2.China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau Group CO., LTD, Tianjin 300300, China
  • 3.China Railway Siyuan Survey And Design Group Co., LTD., Wuhan 430065, China
出版时间: 2024-06-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.02.004
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针对复杂岩性隧道传统爆破开挖效果差的问题,基于传统光面爆破与预裂爆破的研究,在隧道周边局部存在软弱围岩情况下,将软弱围岩区周边孔的爆破提前至掏槽孔爆破之后进行,提出一种超前切割控制爆破方法。建立了准三维模型,使用流固耦合(ALE)算法和ANSYS/Ls-dyna有限元分析软件,对超前切割爆破方法与传统预裂、光面爆破方法进行了数值模拟对比研究,结果表明:相较于光面爆破与预裂爆破,对超前切割爆破在隧道轮廓周边损伤深度分别降低了6.85%与10.08%。结合仿真结果设计了现场爆破试验方案,并开展了光面爆破及超前切割爆破方法的现场对比试验,爆破结果表明:采用超前切割的爆破方法后,隧道的轮廓面成型效果好且软弱围岩区无掉块、坍塌情况,同时超欠挖得到有效控制。对爆破后的断面进行三维断面扫描数据及统计结果表明:相较于效果较好的光面爆破,超前切割爆破的最大超挖降低了35.98%、平均超挖降低了25.60%,混凝土消耗数量降低了26.3%,其平整度标准差提高了24.29%。该方法经过现场实践验证,在降低超挖的同时还可以减弱复杂岩性区内的爆破损伤,提升隧道保留围岩平整度。

隧道爆破  /  复杂岩性  /  超前切割爆破  /  损伤控制  /  三维扫描

In response to the poor excavation effect of traditional blasting in complex lithology tunnels, a method called advanced cutting control blasting is proposed based on the research of traditional smooth blasting and pre-splitting blasting. This method involves conducting the blasting around weak surrounding rock areas after tunnel contouring hole blasting. A quasi-three-dimensional model was established, and numerical simulations were conducted using the fluid-structure interaction (ALE) algorithm and ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element analysis software to compare the advanced cutting control blasting method with traditional pre-splitting and smooth blasting methods. The results show that compared to smooth blasting and pre-splitting, advanced cutting control blasting reduced the depth of damage around the tunnel contour by 6.85% and 10.08%, respectively. Based on simulation results, field blast test plans were designed, and comparative tests between smooth surface blasting and advanced cutting control blasting methods were carried out. The blast results demonstrated that after adopting the advanced cutting control method, the tunnel contour had good shaping effects without block falling or collapse in weak surrounding rock areas, while over-excavation was effectively controlled. Three-dimensional cross-sectional scanning data and statistical results of post-blast sections indicated that compared to well-performing smooth surface blasting, maximum over-excavation decreased by 35.98%, average over-excavation decreased by 25.60%, concrete consumption decreased by 26.3%, and flatness standard deviation increased by 24.29%. This method has been verified through field practice as it reduces over-excavation while mitigating blast damage in complex lithology areas, thereby improving tunnel retaining rock flatness.

tunnel blasting  /  complex lithology  /  advanced cutting blasting  /  damage control  /  three-dimensional scanning
杨志龙, 钟冬望, 白文良, 赵云鹏, 马建军, 李腾飞, 何理, 司剑峰, 蔡路军. 复杂岩性隧道超前切割爆破方法研究. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (2) : 23 -31 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.02.004
Zhi-long YANG, Dong-wang ZHONG, Wen-liang BAI, Yun-peng ZHAO, Jian-jun MA, Teng-fei LI, Li HE, Jian-feng SI, Lu-jun CAI. Research on Advanced Cutting Control Blasting of Complex Lithologic Tunnel[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (2) : 23 -31 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.02.004
随着技术的进步,桥隧爆破开挖项目逐步趋于专业化管理和低成本化施工,而由于隧道工程施工地质环境复杂多变、爆破后隧道断面情况难以控制等原因,现有的隧道开挖技术在开挖精度及成型效果上面临挑战[1]
目前结合地质预报进行钻爆设计,精细爆破和精确毫秒延期数码电子雷管的大量应用能有效地减少超欠挖[1,2]。光面爆破和预裂爆破是能够有效控制隧道爆破超欠挖的传统控制爆破手段,在大断面、破碎带频出、节理发育的软弱围岩条件中,光面爆破被广泛地研究并运用于隧道工程中[1,3-9];而预裂爆破作为隧道爆破掘进中振动控制的主要方法也在隧道工程中被大量的研究[10-15],更有将两者相结合既取得减振效果,又控制了围岩损伤的工程研究[16,17],同时有工程研究表明,在对围岩损伤的角度上,光面爆破与预裂爆破相比能够产生更小的破坏作用[18]。除去药量的区别,光面爆破与预裂爆破更大的区别在于其起爆段别时间的不同,对延期时间的种种研究表明,多段别下爆破延时时间对应力波在岩石中的传播有决定性的影响作用同时也影响着其他炮孔炸药的爆轰性能[19-21]
综合国内外学者的大量研究成果,本文提出一种超前切割爆破的隧道掘进开挖方法,以解决复杂岩性下隧道爆破开挖断面难以成型、保留岩体损伤程度高、后续补救成本高等技术难题。通过数值仿真技术对光面爆破、预裂爆破以及超前切割爆破方法进行对比分析,并将该方法成功应用于隧道现场爆破开挖工程,取得了良好的控制效果。
渝昆高铁云贵段站前一标位于云南省昭通市盐津县,线路起于盐津县盐井镇,终于彝良县钟鸣镇,标段全长36.41 km,隧道3.5座,其中彝良隧道即本次研究依托工点,该段隧道最大埋深为746.30 m,进行研究的隧道部分位于浅埋段,埋深仅有82.90 m。
此处爆破超挖量、混凝土回填数量过大的问题自工程之初就一直存在,该段隧道主隧左线断面面积为111.22 m2,勘察之初就已经探明该段隧道地质情况破碎多变,由于施工影响,当前掌子面处围岩情况更加复杂,存在着明显节理、夹泥以及岩溶等不良地质条件,如图1,主要存在当爆破作业完成后受扰动的软弱岩层会随着最后一段起爆炸药损伤的岩石沿着节理、夹泥一同垮塌的现象,据初步研究,该现象不仅危及施工人员及生产设备,同时也是引起超挖量过大最主要的原因。
面对上述不良地质条件,传统光面爆破对于减少超欠挖、保护保留围岩起到的效果不能达到工程“安全生产、提质增效”的目的,故面对此种特殊、复杂的工程地质情况亟待一种更加行之有效的爆破施工方法。
超前切割爆破方法的核心思路是先掏槽,其次起爆软弱围岩区周边孔形成预裂缝,之后辅助孔起爆崩落岩石,最后对坚硬围岩区的周边孔进行光面爆破。由于仅在软弱围岩区进行预裂切割,故形成裂缝需要的能量更少,故相较于传统预裂爆破的装药量有一定的减少,且未爆破的辅助孔所在的岩体为不稳定围岩提供了短暂的支撑,并且形成的裂缝在减振的同时降低了接下来爆破对周边围岩产生的累积损伤,使得在最后崩落的辅助孔不影响到软弱围岩。通过数值模拟仿真,对超前切割爆破方法与光面、预裂爆破方法在损伤方面进行对比论证。
模拟的目标首先是研究超前切割爆破与一般光面及预裂爆破的区别,故可利用LS-Dyna建立准三维平面模型进行研究讨论,建立模型厚度为10 cm,长度为2000 cm,宽度为1300 cm,周边孔间距为40 cm,隧道断面简化为半圆,炮孔的装药方式也简化为径向耦合装药,N1N2N3为对比测点,详细如图2
模型网格尺寸单位为厘米,与计算时间步长相匹配。该模拟运用流固耦合方法,岩石采用*MAT_JOHNSON_HOLMQUIST_CONCRETE材料模型,该模型能够较好地表征岩石在爆破载荷作用下的损伤变化,且假设围岩均处于软弱围岩区,炸药采用*MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN高能炸药材料模型,并采用JWL状态方程描述炸药爆炸过程中爆轰压力与体积之间的关系,空气则采用空白材料*MAT_NULL填充。炸药、岩石以及空气具体材料参数如表1~3[22]
改变起爆段别顺序如图3所示,遵循Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ区依次起爆的规律,对比预裂爆破、光面爆破与超前切割控制爆破的损伤范围。其中关于完全损伤边界的定义,依据HJC模型中对损伤以等效塑性应变和塑性体积应变的累积来描述,如式(1)。
式中:D为损伤因子;Δεp为等效塑性应变;Δμp为塑形体积应变;D1D2为材料损伤常数;P*为材料所能承受的极限压应力;T*为材料所能承受的极限拉应力。考虑极限情况,以爆破前后密度和泊松比没有变化的前提下进行简化为式(2)。
式中:η为爆破前后岩体中纵波变化率;此时以岩体中纵波变化率η>10%为损伤判定界限;可以得到D=0.19时为其损伤因子阈值[22]。在后处理界面中将损伤求解结果进行云图渲染,有图4,其中深灰色为损伤岩体。
在损伤云图中可以看出超前切割控制爆破和预裂控制爆破对保留围岩的损伤明显小于光面控制爆破,这一点与前人的研究结论适用范围有所差别,值得指出的是,传统严格意义上的预裂爆破周边孔装药量是大于光面爆破的,故在工程试验中的预裂虽然能起到减振的作用但一般会对围岩造成更严重的损伤,但在模拟中的相同药量前提下,提前分离围岩与待开挖区域就能显著降低分离后爆破对围岩的累计损伤。
对云图进行分析,分别在拱脚、拱顶中心及拱顶一侧选取一点,即图2N1N2N3三点,对比三者在模拟中的损伤深度,如图5
N1N2N3三点处,超前切割方法相较于预裂爆破以及光面爆破损伤深度都处于较低的水平,在N3点拱顶一侧处,即保护目标软弱围岩处,超前切割方法的损伤深度处于三种起爆次序方法中最低的水平,相较于光面爆破与预裂爆破的损伤深度分别降低了16.46%与6.29%;而在N2点拱顶处超前切割法的损伤仍处于最低水平,但相对于其他两者并不显著,与光面爆破和预裂爆破对比仅有6.15%及10.60%的降低;最后在N1点拱脚处,光面爆破对保留围岩的损伤处于最低的水平,而预裂爆破产生了最大的损伤,与这两者相比较,超前切割的损伤水平相较于预裂爆破降低了13.53%,相较于光面爆破提高3.4%。综合来看,超前切割方法对于围岩的损伤深度相对于传统光面爆破平均降低了6.85%,相对于传统预裂爆破平均降低了10.08%。故从保留围岩损伤的程度来考虑,在同等装药的前提下,超前切割方法对围岩的保护效果最优。
在本研究工程项目中,围岩为Ⅳ级围岩夹泥特殊地质段,掘进方法为两台阶法,其中上断面面积为81.38 m3,进尺为3.5 m,在炮孔利用率为90%的前提下,经过有限元模拟的初期探索研究,根据以往设计经验,结合现场大断面中既存在硬岩也存在夹泥的实际情况,设计单耗为0.94 kg/m3
现给出两种方案,图6为方案一光面爆破与方案二超前切割爆破的孔网与段别对比图;图7为周边孔装药对比图;方案一光面爆破装药具体装药参数如设计表4,方案二超前切割装药设计如表5
图中的方案一光面爆破钻爆的雷管段别顺序依次为1、3、5、7、9、11,记为Ms:1-3-5-7-9-11;方案二超前切割钻爆方案的雷管段别顺序从掏槽到周边,依次为1、3、5、9、11、13(7),记为Ms:1-3-5 -9-11-7(13)。
前三次依照方案一光面爆破进行施工,出现有夹泥坍塌、超挖过大的情况,第四次依照方案二超前切割进行施工,第四次爆破完成后进入隧道检视,辅助孔未出现盲炮,软弱围岩带未出现掉块、垮塌,整体切割效果较好,半孔率有85%以上,夹泥软弱围岩带半孔如图8,爆堆堆积均匀,块度大小适宜装车,同时本次掘进在排险完成时拱顶右侧夹泥软弱围岩带保留围岩完整,说明周边孔切割的药量适中,能够在不剧烈损伤岩体的前提下,取得良好的切割效果,证明了超前切割的方法在实际隧道掘进中能够进行工程实践运用。
在观测结果的基础上,利用三维断面扫描对隧道超欠挖效果进行分析[23]
表6给出包含试验组的四次爆破超挖工程数量,这四次内爆破掘进围岩情况较为稳定,一直存在右侧拱顶有夹泥软弱围岩带的特殊地质条件,对比这四次超挖相关的各项数值,利用超前切割爆破的掘进方法取得了最好的结果,就混凝土消耗方量这一方面,相较于效果较好的第二、三次光面爆破工程量均值,超前切割的混凝土消耗数量降低了26.3%,最大超挖降低了35.98%,平均超挖降低了25.60%。
工程实践中更关注隧道爆破开挖的平均超挖值,在表6中,超前切割方法在平均超挖这一项取得了最好的结果,但直接运用平均超挖评价超欠挖效果不足以说明问题,当超挖与欠挖都存在较高峰值时进行均值统计可能出现平均超挖小,但实际爆破效果差的问题,为解决该问题,引入对保留围岩的平整度的评价,据此对三维断面扫描数据进行分析,如图9,就平整度而言第三次的爆破施工效果要优于第二次爆破施工,这与表6中平均线性超挖这一项的两者比较上出现了相反的结论,这一差异证明了研究围岩平整度的必要性。
对四次爆破掘进的三维断面扫描的数据进行分析,利用数据的标准差来比较四次爆破环向超欠挖(OUE)的效果,如图10,图中第四次超前切割的爆破方法依旧取得了最优的结果,并且相较于前三次中第三次光面爆破掘进的环向超挖标准差降低了24.29%,充分说明就提高环向平整度而言超前切割爆破方法具有良好的效果。
本文提出一种结合光面爆破与预裂爆破的隧道爆破开挖新方法,利用Ls-dyna有限元模拟软件对超前切割爆破方法与传统爆破方法进行数值模拟对比分析,并成功将该方法应用到实际生产中。主要得到了以下成果与结论。
(1)综合而言,相较于传统光面爆破与预裂爆破,超前切割爆破方法在隧道轮廓周边的损伤深度相较于光面爆破和预裂爆破平均降低了6.85%与10.08%。
(2)超前切割爆破方法在降低超挖及混凝土回填方面,比光面爆破的最大超挖降低了35.98%、平均超挖降低了25.60%,混凝土消耗数量降低了26.3%。
(3)经分析后的三维断面扫描数据表明,相较于较好的光面爆破,利用超前切割爆破方法的隧道保留围岩平整度标准差降低了24.29%,综合说明了超前切割爆破方法相较于传统隧道光面爆破的方法,可以减弱复杂岩性区内的爆破损伤,在降低超挖的同时还能提升在软弱围岩区内的隧道保留围岩平整度。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51904210; 52274136)
  • 湖北省自然科学基金青年项目(2022CFB594)
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2024年第41卷第2期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.02.004
  • 接收时间:2023-01-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-28
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51904210; 52274136)
国家自然科学基金项目(51904210; 52274136)
Hubei Natural Science Foundation Youth Program(2022CFB594)
湖北省自然科学基金青年项目(2022CFB594)
作者信息
    1a.武汉科技大学 理学院,武汉 430065
    1b.武汉科技大学 湖北省智能爆破工程技术研究中心,武汉 430065
    2.中国铁建大桥工程局集团有限公司,天津 300300
    3.中铁四院集团建设工程有限责任公司,武汉 430065

通讯作者:

钟冬望(1963-),男,教授、博士生导师,主要从事工程爆破、控制爆破方面研究,(E-mail)
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.02.004
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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