Article(id=1241777703792218137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241777699996368955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.02.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701014400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773992475698, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1717171200000, pubDateStr=2024-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773992475698, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773992475698, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992475698, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241777699996368955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773992474792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992784144, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241778997575619516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241777699996368955, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241778997575619517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241777699996368955, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=112, endPage=119, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241777707160244383, articleId=1241777703792218137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Rock Blastability Evaluation based on K-Means Clustering and Entropy Weight TOPSIS Method, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The distribution of blasting fragmentation in open pit mines has a direct impact on subsequent excavation, transportation, and crushing operations. To effectively control the fragmentation distribution of blasted rocks in different regions of graphite mines, a new model for evaluating rock blastability was developed using the K-means unsupervised cluster learning method and entropy weight TOPSIS evaluation method. Evaluation indexes including rock density, dynamic energy dissipation rate, dynamic compressive strength, average strain rate, and brittleness index were selected. Through entropy weight calculation, it was determined that the degree of rock breakage is most influenced by the brittleness index and least influenced by the average strain rate. The model was then applied to an actual graphite mine to assess its effectiveness. The rock blastability was divided into 10 grades based on this evaluation model. The average particle size of rocks under different grades was calculated and it was observed that as blastability grade increased, so did the average particle size. This finding demonstrates clear classification characteristics and validates the efficacy of our model. From the perspective of rock mass type of graphite ore, the rock explosibility is ranked from easy to difficult: schist, gneiss, granodiorite, mixed rock. Combined with the analysis of microscopic observation results of graphite ore, it can be seen that the lithology changes from schist to mixed rock, and the graphite crystalline content in the rock decreases, and the graphite ore explosibility grade is also higher and higher. Additionally, there exists a linear positive relationship between density/energy dissipation rate/dynamic compressive strength with rock blastability while negative correlation is observed with respect to average strain rate/brittleness index.

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LEI Tao (1983-), male, PH.D, lecturer, mainly engaged in mining, safety, numerical mining and other aspects of teaching and research, (E-mail) .
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露天矿山的爆破块度分布,直接影响到后续的采装、运输和破碎工作。为了控制石墨矿山不同区域爆破块度分布,基于K-means无监督聚类学习法与熵权TOPSIS评价法建立了一种新的岩石可爆性评价模型,选取岩石密度、动力能量耗散率、动态抗压强度、平均应变率、脆性指数作为评价指标,通过熵权计算,发现岩石破碎程度受脆性指数影响最大,受平均应变率影响最小。将此模型应用于实际石墨矿山,可爆性分为10个等级,统计不同分级下的岩石平均破碎粒径,发现可爆性分级等级越高平均粒径越大,有明显的分级特征,验证了模型的有效性。从爆破石墨矿石岩体类型看,岩石可爆性从易到难排序为:片岩、片麻岩、变粒岩、混合岩。结合石墨矿石微观观测结果分析可知:岩性从片岩向混合岩转变,岩石内部石墨晶质呈下降趋势,石墨矿石可爆性等级也随之越来越高。岩石密度、能量耗散率、动态抗压强度之间呈线性正相关,岩石可爆性与平均应变率、脆性指数存在负相关性。研究成果为矿山矿岩可爆性评价提供了一条新思路,对露天矿山爆破块度优化具有一定的理论和实践指导意义。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
雷涛(1983-),男,博士、讲师,主要从事采矿、安全、数值化矿山等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
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叶海旺(1971-),男,博士、教授,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

YE Hai-wang (1971-), male, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in mining, blasting, safety and other aspects of teaching and research work, (E-mail) .

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叶海旺(1971-),男,博士、教授,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

YE Hai-wang (1971-), male, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in mining, blasting, safety and other aspects of teaching and research work, (E-mail) .

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叶海旺(1971-),男,博士、教授,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

YE Hai-wang (1971-), male, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in mining, blasting, safety and other aspects of teaching and research work, (E-mail) .

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Energy consumption characteristics of graphite ore crushing under impact load, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241777732288319859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777703792218137, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=25, pageEnd=31, 52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=45, authorNames=叶海旺, 李兴旺, 雷涛, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶海旺, 李兴旺, 雷涛, . 石墨矿石品位对其动力学特性的影响研究[J]. 爆破, 2022, 39(4): 25-31, 52., articleTitle=石墨矿石品位对其动力学特性的影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241777732422537593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777703792218137, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=25, pageEnd=31, 52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=46, authorNames=YE Hai-wang, LI Xing-wang, LEI Tao, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YE Hai-wang, LI Xing-wang, LEI Tao, et al. Research on the influence of graphite ore grade on its dynamic characteristics[J]. Blasting, 2022, 39(4): 25-31, 52. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on the influence of graphite ore grade on its dynamic characteristics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241777732498035070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777703792218137, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=22, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=47, authorNames=李兴旺, 叶海旺, 雷涛, journalName=金属矿山, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李兴旺, 叶海旺, 雷涛, . 不同固定碳含量石墨矿石单轴压缩力学行为及损伤本构关系研究[J]. 金属矿山, 2023(2): 22-29., articleTitle=不同固定碳含量石墨矿石单轴压缩力学行为及损伤本构关系研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241777732586115456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777703792218137, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=22, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=48, authorNames=LI Xing-wang, YE Hai-wang, LEI Tao, journalName=Metal Mines, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Xing-wang, YE Hai-wang, LEI Tao, et al. Study on uniaxial compressive mechanical behavior and damage constitutive relationship of graphite ore with different fixed carbon contents[J]. Metal Mines, 2023(2): 22-29. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Study on uniaxial compressive mechanical behavior and damage constitutive relationship of graphite ore with different fixed carbon contents, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241777732678390147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777703792218137, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=55, issue=3-4, pageStart=247, pageEnd=278, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=49, authorNames=Åström J A, journalName=Advances in physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Åström J A. Statistical models of brittle fragmentation[J]. Advances in physics, 2006, 55(3-4): 247-278., articleTitle=Statistical models of brittle fragmentation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241777732766470535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777703792218137, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=5, issue=1, pageStart=9147, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=50, authorNames=GáBOR Domokos, FERENC Kun, ANDRáS árpád Sipos, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GáBOR Domokos, FERENC Kun, ANDRáS árpád Sipos, et al. Universality of fragment shapes[J]. 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figureFileBig=iwyBigNj2QTWmi+7ytG+uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241777723559972922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777703792218137, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mechanical properties of rock mass

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岩样编号岩石类型密度/(g·cm-3能量耗散率动态抗压强度/MPa平均应变率/s-1脆性指数
1品位12.65%石墨片岩2.6350.206119.847112.2318.19
2品位12.65%石墨片岩2.6400.197120.986113.7878.42
3品位12.65%石墨片岩2.6430.158178.204130.0398.20
4品位15.50%石墨片岩2.6740.17894.788178.2049.56
5品位15.50%石墨片岩2.6550.17387.493184.6949.61
6品位15.50%石墨片岩2.6750.17190.042191.5489.04
7品位10.79%石墨片岩2.7020.221136.903167.8509.26
8品位10.79%石墨片岩2.7060.217135.419161.1638.57
9品位10.79%石墨片岩2.6860.242135.213143.8048.44
10品位10.79%石墨片岩2.7990.205121.050193.6668.23
11品位10.79%石墨片岩2.6470.195103.188181.6578.18
12品位10.79%石墨片岩2.7020.220119.984169.0998.06
13品位19.50%石墨片岩2.5560.18885.622168.35011.02
14品位15.50%石墨片岩2.5240.16474.465197.8169.25
15品位19.50%石墨片岩2.6890.229118.099170.01211.41
16品位6.03%混合岩2.8340.306186.928133.4345.50
17品位1.57%片麻岩2.8870.368216.904135.5805.96
18品位1.57%片麻岩2.9160.348210.804131.5106.14
19品位2.02%片麻岩3.1130.376231.479115.6826.36
20品位2.02%片麻岩3.1460.472198.579119.0746.21
21品位2.02%片麻岩3.0060.409219.810119.6696.25
22品位5.19%变粒岩2.8640.286156.06095.1625.69
23品位5.19%变粒岩2.8740.212159.646101.9735.55
24品位6.03%混合岩2.9170.309167.911131.8805.66
25品位6.11%混合岩2.9980.373169.974138.8166.16
26品位6.11%混合岩3.0010.361167.870145.3655.78
27品位6.11%混合岩2.9920.366141.866158.0426.73
28品位2.02%片麻岩3.0630.400203.71199.3316.17
29品位0.85%片麻岩3.0210.350201.36479.3226.18
30品位2.02%片麻岩3.1330.389205.621101.3316.24
), ArticleFig(id=1241777723719356479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777703792218137, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

岩体力学性质

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岩样编号岩石类型密度/(g·cm-3能量耗散率动态抗压强度/MPa平均应变率/s-1脆性指数
1品位12.65%石墨片岩2.6350.206119.847112.2318.19
2品位12.65%石墨片岩2.6400.197120.986113.7878.42
3品位12.65%石墨片岩2.6430.158178.204130.0398.20
4品位15.50%石墨片岩2.6740.17894.788178.2049.56
5品位15.50%石墨片岩2.6550.17387.493184.6949.61
6品位15.50%石墨片岩2.6750.17190.042191.5489.04
7品位10.79%石墨片岩2.7020.221136.903167.8509.26
8品位10.79%石墨片岩2.7060.217135.419161.1638.57
9品位10.79%石墨片岩2.6860.242135.213143.8048.44
10品位10.79%石墨片岩2.7990.205121.050193.6668.23
11品位10.79%石墨片岩2.6470.195103.188181.6578.18
12品位10.79%石墨片岩2.7020.220119.984169.0998.06
13品位19.50%石墨片岩2.5560.18885.622168.35011.02
14品位15.50%石墨片岩2.5240.16474.465197.8169.25
15品位19.50%石墨片岩2.6890.229118.099170.01211.41
16品位6.03%混合岩2.8340.306186.928133.4345.50
17品位1.57%片麻岩2.8870.368216.904135.5805.96
18品位1.57%片麻岩2.9160.348210.804131.5106.14
19品位2.02%片麻岩3.1130.376231.479115.6826.36
20品位2.02%片麻岩3.1460.472198.579119.0746.21
21品位2.02%片麻岩3.0060.409219.810119.6696.25
22品位5.19%变粒岩2.8640.286156.06095.1625.69
23品位5.19%变粒岩2.8740.212159.646101.9735.55
24品位6.03%混合岩2.9170.309167.911131.8805.66
25品位6.11%混合岩2.9980.373169.974138.8166.16
26品位6.11%混合岩3.0010.361167.870145.3655.78
27品位6.11%混合岩2.9920.366141.866158.0426.73
28品位2.02%片麻岩3.0630.400203.71199.3316.17
29品位0.85%片麻岩3.0210.350201.36479.3226.18
30品位2.02%片麻岩3.1330.389205.621101.3316.24
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Cluster clustering results

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簇聚类结果岩样编号
C11、2、3
C24、5、6、14
C37、8、9、10、11、12
C413、15
C529
C617、18
C719、20、21、28、30
C822、23
C916、24
C1025、26、27
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簇聚类结果

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簇聚类结果岩样编号
C11、2、3
C24、5、6、14
C37、8、9、10、11、12
C413、15
C529
C617、18
C719、20、21、28、30
C822、23
C916、24
C1025、26、27
), ArticleFig(id=1241777724067483730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777703792218137, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Evaluation index weight value

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评价因素密度能量耗散率动态抗压强度平均应变率脆性指数
权重系数Wj0.16020.26320.15500.12520.2964
), ArticleFig(id=1241777724176535642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777703792218137, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

评价指标权重值

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评价因素密度能量耗散率动态抗压强度平均应变率脆性指数
权重系数Wj0.16020.26320.15500.12520.2964
), ArticleFig(id=1241777724281393245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777703792218137, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Blastability evaluation results

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簇类 C4 C2 C3 C1 C10 C7 C6 C5 C9 C8
平均评价值0.6060.5210.4700.4320.3990.3880.3610.3230.3140.255
分级结果
), ArticleFig(id=1241777724411416678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777703792218137, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

可爆性评价结果

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簇类 C4 C2 C3 C1 C10 C7 C6 C5 C9 C8
平均评价值0.6060.5210.4700.4320.3990.3880.3610.3230.3140.255
分级结果
), ArticleFig(id=1241777724499497068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777703792218137, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Crushed particle size under different classifications

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分级结果
冲击破碎平均粒径/mm9.1911.8213.0613.1713.3413.7116.7617.7919.4223.23
), ArticleFig(id=1241777724583383153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241777703792218137, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同分级下的破碎粒径

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分级结果
冲击破碎平均粒径/mm9.1911.8213.0613.1713.3413.7116.7617.7919.4223.23
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基于K-Means聚类与熵权TOPSIS法的岩石可爆性评价研究
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叶海旺 1a, 1b , 雷丙响 1a , 周汉红 2 , 余梦豪 1a , 雷涛 1a, 1b , 王其洲 1a, 1b , 李宁 1a, 1b , Doumbouya Sekou 1a
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024,41(2): 112-119
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024, 41(2): 112-119
基于K-Means聚类与熵权TOPSIS法的岩石可爆性评价研究
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叶海旺1a, 1b , 雷丙响1a, 周汉红2, 余梦豪1a, 雷涛1a, 1b , 王其洲1a, 1b, 李宁1a, 1b, Doumbouya Sekou1a
作者信息
  • 1a.武汉理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,武汉 430070
  • 1b.武汉理工大学 矿物资源加工与环境湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430070
  • 2.武汉市公安局 治安管理局,武汉 430077
  • 叶海旺(1971-),男,博士、教授,主要从事采矿、爆破、安全等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)

    YE Hai-wang (1971-), male, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in mining, blasting, safety and other aspects of teaching and research work, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

雷涛(1983-),男,博士、讲师,主要从事采矿、安全、数值化矿山等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
Rock Blastability Evaluation based on K-Means Clustering and Entropy Weight TOPSIS Method
Hai-wang YE1a, 1b , Bing-xiang LEI1a, Han-hong ZHOU2, Meng-hao YU1a, Tao LEI1a, 1b , Qi-zhou WANG1a, 1b, Ning LI1a, 1b, Doumbouya Sekou1a
Affiliations
  • 1a.School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 1b.Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 2.Security Administration of Wuhan Public Security Bureau, Wuhan 430077, China
出版时间: 2024-06-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.02.014
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露天矿山的爆破块度分布,直接影响到后续的采装、运输和破碎工作。为了控制石墨矿山不同区域爆破块度分布,基于K-means无监督聚类学习法与熵权TOPSIS评价法建立了一种新的岩石可爆性评价模型,选取岩石密度、动力能量耗散率、动态抗压强度、平均应变率、脆性指数作为评价指标,通过熵权计算,发现岩石破碎程度受脆性指数影响最大,受平均应变率影响最小。将此模型应用于实际石墨矿山,可爆性分为10个等级,统计不同分级下的岩石平均破碎粒径,发现可爆性分级等级越高平均粒径越大,有明显的分级特征,验证了模型的有效性。从爆破石墨矿石岩体类型看,岩石可爆性从易到难排序为:片岩、片麻岩、变粒岩、混合岩。结合石墨矿石微观观测结果分析可知:岩性从片岩向混合岩转变,岩石内部石墨晶质呈下降趋势,石墨矿石可爆性等级也随之越来越高。岩石密度、能量耗散率、动态抗压强度之间呈线性正相关,岩石可爆性与平均应变率、脆性指数存在负相关性。研究成果为矿山矿岩可爆性评价提供了一条新思路,对露天矿山爆破块度优化具有一定的理论和实践指导意义。

岩体爆破  /  可爆性评价  /  岩石力学  /  K-means算法  /  熵权TOPSIS评价

The distribution of blasting fragmentation in open pit mines has a direct impact on subsequent excavation, transportation, and crushing operations. To effectively control the fragmentation distribution of blasted rocks in different regions of graphite mines, a new model for evaluating rock blastability was developed using the K-means unsupervised cluster learning method and entropy weight TOPSIS evaluation method. Evaluation indexes including rock density, dynamic energy dissipation rate, dynamic compressive strength, average strain rate, and brittleness index were selected. Through entropy weight calculation, it was determined that the degree of rock breakage is most influenced by the brittleness index and least influenced by the average strain rate. The model was then applied to an actual graphite mine to assess its effectiveness. The rock blastability was divided into 10 grades based on this evaluation model. The average particle size of rocks under different grades was calculated and it was observed that as blastability grade increased, so did the average particle size. This finding demonstrates clear classification characteristics and validates the efficacy of our model. From the perspective of rock mass type of graphite ore, the rock explosibility is ranked from easy to difficult: schist, gneiss, granodiorite, mixed rock. Combined with the analysis of microscopic observation results of graphite ore, it can be seen that the lithology changes from schist to mixed rock, and the graphite crystalline content in the rock decreases, and the graphite ore explosibility grade is also higher and higher. Additionally, there exists a linear positive relationship between density/energy dissipation rate/dynamic compressive strength with rock blastability while negative correlation is observed with respect to average strain rate/brittleness index.

rock blasting  /  blastability evaluation  /  rock mechanics  /  K-means algorithm  /  entropy weight TOPSIS evaluation
叶海旺, 雷丙响, 周汉红, 余梦豪, 雷涛, 王其洲, 李宁, Doumbouya Sekou. 基于K-Means聚类与熵权TOPSIS法的岩石可爆性评价研究. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (2) : 112 -119 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.02.014
Hai-wang YE, Bing-xiang LEI, Han-hong ZHOU, Meng-hao YU, Tao LEI, Qi-zhou WANG, Ning LI, Doumbouya Sekou. Rock Blastability Evaluation based on K-Means Clustering and Entropy Weight TOPSIS Method[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (2) : 112 -119 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.02.014
岩石可爆性是表征岩石在炸药爆破作用下发生破碎的难易程度,岩石物理力学参数一定程度上决定了岩石的可爆性。对矿山岩体进行可爆性分级是爆破参数优化设计与施工的基础,根据岩石分级调整爆破参数,防止破碎块度过大或过小,使矿山不同分级的爆破块度控制在一定区间,达到精细化爆破的效果,方便后续的生产作业,减少生产成本。
目前,岩石可爆性分级评价方法尚无统一标准,随着各类方法的发展,国内外专家对岩石可爆性分级方法做了许多研究,如多因素综合赋权评价法[1-4]、客观赋权评价法[5-8]、灰色关联分析法[9]、Fisher判别法[10,11]、机器学习预测法等[12-14]。上述方法都具有一定的可靠性,但分级指标大都基于岩石的物理与静态力学性质,而爆破对岩石施加的是冲击荷载,因此仅仅考虑岩石物理与静力学性质是不充分的。为了解决上述问题,在总结对比不同研究方法的基础上,结合岩石物理、静力学和动力学性质,提出一种基于K-means聚类法与熵权TOPSIS法的岩石可爆性评价方法。K-means聚类是机器学习算法中的一种无监督学习法,此方法不需要先验数据的训练,并能将不同数据样本根据彼此之间的欧氏距离大小分为多个簇,同簇内对象相似度较大,不同簇内的对象相似度较低,是目前应用广泛的一种无监督聚类方法[15,16];熵权法是一种客观赋权法,可以减少主观偏差;TOPSIS法是一种应用较广泛的决策模型[17],能对多目标进行对比研究,并进行排序[18]
基于上述三种方法构建岩石可爆性评价模型,首先通过室内岩石力学试验获取矿山不同区域的岩石静力学与动力学参数,通过K-means聚类法对其进行簇类分级,然后通过熵权TOPSIS法对不同簇类进行评价,得到不同簇的评价标定值,根据评价结果对矿山岩石进行可爆性分级。
岩石爆破是一个瞬态的能量转化过程,各种因素互相耦合造成岩体破碎,针对不同因素对爆破效果的影响,研究人员做了许多分析。Akinbinu V A基于实际爆破数据利用多元相关性分析[19],证明了岩石爆破的能量利用率与岩石脆性和断裂韧性密切相关。Dimitraki L等利用岩石爆破指数联合炸药单耗成功预测了矿山不同区域爆破块度[20]。Salmi E F等总结了30多种可爆性评估方法[21],并分析了其中20多类爆破参数,指出影响岩体动态破碎机制的三个关键因素分别是岩体的动态强度、密度和结构(不连续性),且岩体的结构难以量化,并不适合作为定量评估指标。李晓锋等针对3种不同类型岩石进行SHPB试验[22],发现随着应变率增加岩石破坏程度逐渐加剧。李占金等基于SHPB试验得出在一定范围内[23],随着入射能增加,磁铁矿能量耗散率与岩石破碎粒径成正相关。基于已有研究,并充分考虑岩石的动力学指标,选取岩石的密度、动力能量耗散率、动态抗压强度、平均应变率、脆性指数作为评价指标。
K-means算法是一种基于簇聚类的无监督算法,可根据不同因素指标给出较为客观合理的聚类结果,且算法的复杂度低,适合处理高维数据集。针对给定的多维数据集,通过按照样本数据值之间的欧氏距离大小,将其划分为K个簇,使存在同一个簇类之间的样本点尽量靠近,不同簇之间的距离尽量大。假定划分簇类集为(C1C2,…,CK),则簇内欧氏距离D如下
式中,ui为簇Ci内的质心,表达式如下
通过在数据集中随机选取质心,计算数据集样本点到质心的距离,根据样本点距质心的距离将其分簇,重复K轮,使D值达到最小后停止,得到最优的聚类结果。
熵权TOPSIS法是一种客观赋权多因素评价方法,评价流程如下:
首先对多因素数据矩阵Xm×n
式中:i=1,2,…,nj=1,2,…,m
进行数据标准化,消除不同因素之间的量纲影响,公式如下
计算第j项因素在第i行所占百分比Pij
计算第j项因素的熵值Ej
计算第j项指标的客观权重Wj
得到加权矩阵Zij
计算正负理想距离
式中,为加权矩阵中同组数据的最大值、最小值。
计算综合评价值
可爆性评价实际上可以作为一个多属性决策问题,将等级分类作为优劣评价来进行考虑,将综合评价值作为分类等级的序列标签,最终通过等级标签值排序得到评价分类结果。
首先利用K-means算法对岩石数据进行客观聚类得到无标记的簇类,然后利用熵权计算对各个评价指标进行权重计算,得到加权矩阵,将其代带入TOPSIS法中进行簇类的评价标定值计算,按照标定值进行可爆性的评价分类,即构建K-means-熵权TOPSIS评价模型对矿岩进行可爆性分级,流程见图1
矿山位于黑龙江省萝北县,属于晶质石墨露天矿,年产量较大。石墨矿石品位分布较广,致使不同区域的岩石类型区别较为明显,性质差异较大,因此进行矿石可爆性分级对爆破开采意义重大[24-26]。矿山矿石类型主要有石墨片岩、石墨变粒岩、片麻岩、混合岩等。
在矿山不同区域取不同类型岩样,按照国际岩石力学试验要求加工成ϕ 50 mm×H 100 mm、ϕ 50 mm×H 25 mm、ϕ 50 mm×H 50 mm的标准试样,利用TAJW-2000微机控制电液伺服岩石试验机、分离式霍普金森压杆试验系统(SHPB)进行静力学与动力学试验。
其中单轴静态压缩加载速率为0.2 kN/s,加载至15 kN后采用变形控制方式进行加载,设置加载速率为0.02 mm/s,得到不同区域岩样单轴抗压强度;采用巴西圆盘劈裂法测量单轴抗拉强度,将试件放置在加载圆弧半径为37.5 mm的ISRM标准夹具中,负荷控制加载,加载速率为0.05 kN/s,得到不同区域岩样单轴抗拉强度;采用0.3 MPa冲击气压开展SHPB试验,得到不同区域岩样动力学参数,其中能量耗散率为耗散能与入射能比值,试样密度通过质量体积法得出,脆性指数(BI)计算如式(12)
式中,σcσt分别为单轴抗压强度、单轴抗拉强度。
相关评价指标数据详情如表1
根据实地调查,石墨矿山生产中存在不同爆区块度差异较大的问题,因此非常有必要对矿山不同区域进行岩石可爆性划分。
通过K-means算法中的间隔统计量法则与实际的生产需要,将可爆性评价分为10个等级,即K=10,按照表1内所测数据,通过K-means算法中的式(1)和式(2)进行迭代,得到基于评价数据的10种簇聚类结果,见表2
将得到的10种聚类数据通过熵权TOPSIS法的式(4)进行无量纲化处理。然后通过式(5)~(7)得到岩石的密度、动力能量耗散率、动态抗压强度、平均应变率、脆性指数的客观评价权重值,如表3所示,可见脆性指数对岩石可爆性影响最大,平均应变率影响最小。
根据得到的权重矩阵Zij,通过公式(8)~(11)计算不同编号岩样的综合评价值,进一步计算不同簇聚类的平均综合评价值作为可爆性指标,分级结果如表4所示,其中评价值越大,岩石可爆性越好。
岩石可爆性是岩石在动荷载下的破碎难易程度,因此可以通过矿石破碎块度的分布来进行研究,J A Åström的研究证明破碎块度与能量有关系[27],冲击荷载下的碎片与爆破损伤下的碎片分布都服从幂律分布,具有高度相似性,仅在幂律指数上存在较小差距。Gábor Domokos等通过对锤击实验和爆炸下的岩石碎片进行统计[28],证明无论加载条件和材料如何变化,岩石碎片形状与粒径分布高度相似。因此基于上述研究的结论,利用冲击荷载下的岩样平均块度来验证岩石可爆性评价模型的可行性,平均块度是衡量岩石破碎程度的重要指标,平均块度DS计算公式如下
式中:Di为不同筛网孔径下的破碎岩石尺寸;Ri为筛网直径为Di时,破碎岩石质量百分比。
通过对SHPB试验后的岩石碎块进行不同孔径筛网(2.5 mm、5 mm、10 mm、16 mm、20 mm、31.5 mm、40 mm)的筛分,统计不同粒径破碎岩石质量百分比,部分筛分情况如图2
根据统计结果,结合公式(13),得到不同分级结果下岩石破碎平均粒径,对分级结果进行验证,不同分级下的冲击破碎平均粒径见表5图3
通过上述结果,可知基于K-means-熵权TOPSIS评价模型对于石墨矿山岩体可爆性分级效果良好,等级为Ⅰ时,破碎岩样冲击平均粒径为9.19 mm,等级为Ⅹ时,破碎平均粒径为23.23 mm,随着可爆性等级增加,破碎平均粒径逐渐增大,破碎程度减弱,有明显的分级特征,可见此模型针对岩石可爆性评价可靠性高。
进一步得到各岩样指标与可爆性等级演变关系如图4。岩石密度、能量耗散率、动态抗压强度之间有着明显的线性正相关性,且这种相关性与岩石类型无关,具有普适性。此外三者随着可爆性评价等级的增加,呈现出先增加后下降的趋势,可见不同岩石类型孔隙率与矿物的含量差异会影响岩体的可爆性,所以难爆岩石的密度不一定比较为易爆岩石的密度大,还应考虑内部矿物脉石组成。但是,而岩石脆性指数随着可爆性等级的增加而减少,总体上与平均应变率呈正相关的关系,但这种关系不是线性的,也具有普适性。
结合室内微观观测结果,对岩石可爆性评价结果进行岩性与破碎能耗分析,可以得出:
(1)Ⅰ~Ⅵ等级岩石类型主要为片岩、片麻岩。片岩中石墨晶质含量相对较高,呈片理结构,晶质分布在矿石当中,相当于胶结物质,减弱了岩石的宏观强度,在0.3 MPa冲击气压下的动态抗压强度主要在80~120 MPa之间,脆性指数主要为8.1~11.0,在冲击荷载作用下,胶结体部位会先于其他岩石部位出现损伤,产生裂缝,应力波能量在传播过程中,在裂缝部位会发生反射,造成反射能增加,因此片岩能量耗散率主要在20%左右。片麻岩中石墨含量较片岩少,内部为石墨变晶结构,质地坚硬,但片理面发育,导致动态抗压强度在200~230 MPa,而脆性指数在6.0~6.4之间,能量耗散率在35%左右。
(2)Ⅶ~Ⅹ等级岩石类型为变粒岩、混合岩,节理不发育,较为坚硬,动态抗压强度位于170~220 MPa,矿物交代变质作用明显,细粒变晶结构开始显现,脆性指数在5.5~6.7之间,能量耗散率在30%左右,破碎平均粒径相比于Ⅰ~Ⅵ等级有一个相对的陡增,因此不同岩石的能量耗散率与破碎粒径之间并不总是正相关。
(1)建立了基于K-means无监督聚类学习法与熵权TOPSIS评价法的岩石可爆性评价模型,选取的评价指标为岩石密度、动力能量耗散率、动态抗压强度、平均应变率、脆性指数,评价等级分成10等。
(2)对比分析岩石可爆性等级和破碎平均粒径,得出破碎平均粒径随可爆性等级增加而增加,验证了基于K-means-熵权TOPSIS可爆性评价模型的可行性。
(3)将基于K-means-熵权TOPSIS可爆性评价法应用实际石墨矿山,结果表明,脆性指数对可爆性影响最大,平均应变率影响最小。岩石可爆性从易到难排序为:片岩、片麻岩、变粒岩、混合岩。岩石密度、能量耗散率、动态抗压强度之间呈线性正相关,岩石可爆性与平均应变率、脆性指数存在负相关性。
  • 湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021BCA152)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1909602)
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2024年第41卷第2期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.02.014
  • 接收时间:2023-11-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-27
基金
Hubei Province key research and development project(2021BCA152)
湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021BCA152)
National key research and development plan project(2020YFC1909602)
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1909602)
作者信息
    1a.武汉理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,武汉 430070
    1b.武汉理工大学 矿物资源加工与环境湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430070
    2.武汉市公安局 治安管理局,武汉 430077

通讯作者:

雷涛(1983-),男,博士、讲师,主要从事采矿、安全、数值化矿山等方面的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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