Article(id=1241769335681778119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1696608000000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990480585, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1709222400000, pubDateStr=2024-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990480585, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990480585, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990480585, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241769329201578292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990479040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992264087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=77, endPage=84, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241769336042488288, articleId=1241769335681778119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Application of Shaped Charge Device and Decked Charge in Perimeter Holes of Smooth Blasting, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Smooth blasting in tunnel construction needs decked charge in the peripheral holes. However, this charging method has certain limitations and risk of misfire due to the usage of detonating cord together with detonator. So, it is an urgent problem to improve the effect of smooth blasting and ensure tunnel excavation efficiency at the same time. Related research was conducted by field tests, and a new initiation technology of “Shaped device + digital electronic detonator” has been proposed, which was applied to a plateau tunnel. The experimental results show that, compared with the original technology, the powder factor by using the new technology has been reduced by 0.2 kg/m3, the half-hole rate is increased by 5%, and the average charge time is reduced from the original 1.3 h to 1.0 h. The tunnel excavation cycle footage is stabilized, and the cost of consumables is greatly reduced, and it is expected to be widely used in tunnel smooth blasting.

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SUN Yong (1971-), male, professor, mainly engaged in tunnel engineering and blasting engineering related teaching and research work, (E-mail) .
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隧道光面爆破工程的周边孔需要采用间隔装药方式,而大部分间隔装药方式采用“导爆索+雷管”联合起爆技术,此技术具有一定的局限性且经常发生拒爆现象。如何在保证隧道掘进效率的前提下提高光面爆破效果成为目前亟待解决的难题,从现场试验方面开展相关研究,提出“聚能装置+数码电子雷管”新型联合起爆技术,将其应用于高原某隧道,通过与原始的“导爆索+数码电子雷管”联合起爆技术的爆破后效果进行对比分析。实验结果表明:对比原始技术,新技术炸药单耗降低了0.2 kg/m3,半孔留痕率提高了5%,平均装药时间由原来的1.3 h降为1.0 h,稳定循环进尺的同时极大降低了耗材费用,提高了隧道光面爆破效果。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
孙永(1971-)男,教授,主要从事隧道工程、爆破工程等方面的教学与科研工作,(E-mail)
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王清标(1973-),男,教授、博导,主要从事岩土工程相关的教学与科研工作,(E-mail)

WANG Qing-biao (1973-), male, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in geotechnical engineering related teaching and research work, (E-mail) .

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王清标(1973-),男,教授、博导,主要从事岩土工程相关的教学与科研工作,(E-mail)

WANG Qing-biao (1973-), male, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in geotechnical engineering related teaching and research work, (E-mail) .

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王清标(1973-),男,教授、博导,主要从事岩土工程相关的教学与科研工作,(E-mail)

WANG Qing-biao (1973-), male, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in geotechnical engineering related teaching and research work, (E-mail) .

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Charging parameters for blast holes of the original scheme

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮孔名称孔号段别孔数孔深/m孔径/mm间距/cm角度/°装药系数单孔药量/kg同段药量/kg
掏槽孔1~181184.64550610.592.748.6
辅助孔119~322144.34560650.562.433.6
辅助孔233~443124.14580690.592.428.8
辅助孔345~544103.94590740.622.424.0
辅助孔455~645103.84590740.552.121.0
辅助孔565~71473.845130900.471.812.6
辅助孔672~79683.84580740.552.116.8
辅助孔780~88693.845140900.391.513.5
辅助孔889~985103.845120900.391.515.0
辅助孔999~1227243.845110900.552.150.4
周边孔123~1738513.84550920.321.261.2
底角孔174~175824.2450900.713.06.0
底板孔176~1907134.04590900.682.735.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241769354640032040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769335681778119, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

原方案爆破炮孔装药参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮孔名称孔号段别孔数孔深/m孔径/mm间距/cm角度/°装药系数单孔药量/kg同段药量/kg
掏槽孔1~181184.64550610.592.748.6
辅助孔119~322144.34560650.562.433.6
辅助孔233~443124.14580690.592.428.8
辅助孔345~544103.94590740.622.424.0
辅助孔455~645103.84590740.552.121.0
辅助孔565~71473.845130900.471.812.6
辅助孔672~79683.84580740.552.116.8
辅助孔780~88693.845140900.391.513.5
辅助孔889~985103.845120900.391.515.0
辅助孔999~1227243.845110900.552.150.4
周边孔123~1738513.84550920.321.261.2
底角孔174~175824.2450900.713.06.0
底板孔176~1907134.04590900.682.735.1
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Actual charge parameters and post-explosive effects statistics of the original scheme

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序号掘进方法进尺/m方量/m3实际用药量雷管数/发导爆索/m炸药单耗半孔率/%炮孔利用率/%装药时间/h
1全断面3.6354.604081902501.1584.3194.731.2
2全断面3.7364.453841903501.0582.3597.361.5
3全断面3.7364.453841903001.0576.4797.361.4
4全断面3.5344.753841853001.1178.4392.101.4
5全断面3.5344.754081902501.1882.3592.101.3
6全断面3.4334.904081902501.2280.3989.471.3
7全断面3.5344.754081902501.1880.3992.101.3
8全断面3.4334.903841802501.1572.5489.471.3
9全断面3.5344.753841802501.1184.3192.101.2
10全断面3.3325.053841903501.1880.3986.841.5
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原方案实际装药参数与爆后效果统计

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序号掘进方法进尺/m方量/m3实际用药量雷管数/发导爆索/m炸药单耗半孔率/%炮孔利用率/%装药时间/h
1全断面3.6354.604081902501.1584.3194.731.2
2全断面3.7364.453841903501.0582.3597.361.5
3全断面3.7364.453841903001.0576.4797.361.4
4全断面3.5344.753841853001.1178.4392.101.4
5全断面3.5344.754081902501.1882.3592.101.3
6全断面3.4334.904081902501.2280.3989.471.3
7全断面3.5344.754081902501.1880.3992.101.3
8全断面3.4334.903841802501.1572.5489.471.3
9全断面3.5344.753841802501.1184.3192.101.2
10全断面3.3325.053841903501.1880.3986.841.5
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Actual charge parameters and post-explosive effects statistics of the new scheme

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1全断面3.4334.9031222000.9382.3589.471.2
2全断面3.5344.7531222000.9178.4392.101.1
3全断面3.5344.7533620000.9784.3192.101.1
4全断面3.6354.6033623000.9586.2794.731.0
5全断面3.5344.7531222000.9188.2392.101.1
6全断面3.5344.7533622000.9784.3192.100.9
7全断面3.5344.7533622000.9782.3592.100.9
8全断面3.5344.7536022001.0482.3592.101.0
9全断面3.6354.6033622000.9586.2794.730.9
10全断面3.5344.7531222000.9188.2392.100.9
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新方案实际装药参数与爆后效果统计

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1全断面3.4334.9031222000.9382.3589.471.2
2全断面3.5344.7531222000.9178.4392.101.1
3全断面3.5344.7533620000.9784.3192.101.1
4全断面3.6354.6033623000.9586.2794.731.0
5全断面3.5344.7531222000.9188.2392.101.1
6全断面3.5344.7533622000.9784.3192.100.9
7全断面3.5344.7533622000.9782.3592.100.9
8全断面3.5344.7536022001.0482.3592.101.0
9全断面3.6354.6033622000.9586.2794.730.9
10全断面3.5344.7531222000.9188.2392.100.9
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Comparison of blasting effect of the original program and the new program

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方案进尺/m装药量/kg炸药单耗/(kg·m-3半孔率/%炮孔利用率/%装药时间/h
导爆索+数码电子雷管3.51393.61.1480.1992.361.34
聚能装置+数码电子雷管3.51328.80.9584.3192.361.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241769356779127102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769335681778119, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

原方案与新方案爆后效果对比

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方案进尺/m装药量/kg炸药单耗/(kg·m-3半孔率/%炮孔利用率/%装药时间/h
导爆索+数码电子雷管3.51393.61.1480.1992.361.34
聚能装置+数码电子雷管3.51328.80.9584.3192.361.01
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周边孔聚能装置间隔装药在光面爆破中的应用研究
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王清标 1 , 王涛 1 , 田成林 1 , 孙永 1 , 魏祥 2 , 李中辉 2 , 王旭 1 , 李悦 1
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024,41(1): 77-84
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024, 41(1): 77-84
周边孔聚能装置间隔装药在光面爆破中的应用研究
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王清标1 , 王涛1, 田成林1, 孙永1 , 魏祥2, 李中辉2, 王旭1, 李悦1
作者信息
  • 1.山东科技大学 资源学院,泰安 271000
  • 2.中铁十四局集团 第四工程有限公司,济南 250000
  • 王清标(1973-),男,教授、博导,主要从事岩土工程相关的教学与科研工作,(E-mail)

    WANG Qing-biao (1973-), male, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in geotechnical engineering related teaching and research work, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

孙永(1971-)男,教授,主要从事隧道工程、爆破工程等方面的教学与科研工作,(E-mail)
Application of Shaped Charge Device and Decked Charge in Perimeter Holes of Smooth Blasting
Qing-biao WANG1 , Tao WANG1, Cheng-lin TIAN1, Yong SUN1 , Xiang WEI2, Zhong-hui LI2, Xu WANG1, Yue LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Tai′an 271000, China
  • 2.China Railway 14th Bureau Group Fourth Engineering Co., Ltd., Tai′an 250000, China
出版时间: 2024-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.011
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隧道光面爆破工程的周边孔需要采用间隔装药方式,而大部分间隔装药方式采用“导爆索+雷管”联合起爆技术,此技术具有一定的局限性且经常发生拒爆现象。如何在保证隧道掘进效率的前提下提高光面爆破效果成为目前亟待解决的难题,从现场试验方面开展相关研究,提出“聚能装置+数码电子雷管”新型联合起爆技术,将其应用于高原某隧道,通过与原始的“导爆索+数码电子雷管”联合起爆技术的爆破后效果进行对比分析。实验结果表明:对比原始技术,新技术炸药单耗降低了0.2 kg/m3,半孔留痕率提高了5%,平均装药时间由原来的1.3 h降为1.0 h,稳定循环进尺的同时极大降低了耗材费用,提高了隧道光面爆破效果。

隧道开挖  /  光面爆破  /  间隔装药  /  联合起爆技术  /  聚能装置

Smooth blasting in tunnel construction needs decked charge in the peripheral holes. However, this charging method has certain limitations and risk of misfire due to the usage of detonating cord together with detonator. So, it is an urgent problem to improve the effect of smooth blasting and ensure tunnel excavation efficiency at the same time. Related research was conducted by field tests, and a new initiation technology of “Shaped device + digital electronic detonator” has been proposed, which was applied to a plateau tunnel. The experimental results show that, compared with the original technology, the powder factor by using the new technology has been reduced by 0.2 kg/m3, the half-hole rate is increased by 5%, and the average charge time is reduced from the original 1.3 h to 1.0 h. The tunnel excavation cycle footage is stabilized, and the cost of consumables is greatly reduced, and it is expected to be widely used in tunnel smooth blasting.

tunnel excavation  /  smooth blasting  /  decked charge  /  joint initiation technology  /  shaped charge device
王清标, 王涛, 田成林, 孙永, 魏祥, 李中辉, 王旭, 李悦. 周边孔聚能装置间隔装药在光面爆破中的应用研究. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (1) : 77 -84 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.011
Qing-biao WANG, Tao WANG, Cheng-lin TIAN, Yong SUN, Xiang WEI, Zhong-hui LI, Xu WANG, Yue LI. Application of Shaped Charge Device and Decked Charge in Perimeter Holes of Smooth Blasting[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (1) : 77 -84 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.011
目前,在隧道光面爆破作业中,周边孔大多采用空气间隔装药方式[1,2],此种装药方式可以在有效保证围岩充分破碎情况下,同时保证隧道掌子面开挖轮廓的平整光滑度,减小围岩损伤,控制超欠挖[3-5]。但是传统光面爆破装药采用导爆管与导爆索联合起爆技术[6-8],此方式存在效率低、成本高、工序复杂等缺点,故为优化施工工序节约材料成本,光面爆破装药结构提出了基于炸药殉爆的新型装药方式[9,10],具体操作为取消周边孔装药结构中竹片和沿炮孔全长敷设的导爆索,通过采用导爆管雷管直接起爆炸药,然后依靠炸药殉爆引爆被发炸药,从而实现周边孔中炸药起爆。
针对炸药殉爆的影响因素及光面爆破周边孔基于殉爆的新型装药方式,国内外许多学者开展了大量的研究工作,并取得了丰硕成果。封涛研究了乳化炸药外表的塑膜包装进对炸药殉爆距离的影响[11];陈庆凯等研究了乳化炸药爆炸的约束条件对殉爆距离的影响[12];施维等研究了乳化炸药药卷放置方式对殉爆距离的影响[13];李启月等研究了炮孔约束下双槽聚能管对乳化炸药殉爆距离的影响[14];姜家明等研究了周边孔PVC间隔装药方式炸药的稳定殉爆距离[15]
上述研究主要分析了炸药殉爆距离的影响因素及利用炸药殉爆距离达到炮孔内炸药传爆的可行性,然而由于炸药殉爆距离较短从而不适合隧道长进尺爆破,本文提出了一种隧道周边孔“聚能装置+乳化炸药”新型装药方式,以高原某隧道实际应用为基础,为其他隧道工程爆破中周边孔间隔装药提供数据支持。
聚能装置是由PVC材质的聚能管与金属药型罩组成,PVC聚能管为侧面开口的圆筒形,且PVC聚能管内壁两侧有两条聚能槽,金属药型罩为圆锥形,内置于PVC聚能管一端。聚能装药的工作原理是利用炸药特殊的装药结构(空穴)将能量传递给药型罩,对于圆锥形药型罩,爆炸所产生的能量在轴线处发生汇集形成一股速度很高的金属射流,高速的金属射流引爆下一节炸药,起到传爆作用。同时聚能装置内置的两条聚能槽与开挖轮廓线重合,能够高效利用炸药爆炸沿径向传播的冲击波能量,增大周边孔间距以及作用于光爆层的爆炸能量。聚能装置的PVC聚能管指向开挖轮廓外围岩,通过管壁衰减作用于围岩上的冲击波,起到保护围岩的作用。聚能装置及装药结构如图1所示。
目前,隧道周边孔光面爆破装药方式基本采用导爆索+导爆管雷管联合技术,操作方法是提前将炸药按照一定距离分段绑在竹片上,然后再贯穿一条导爆索,将组合体运至隧道掌子面装入周边孔后,将导爆索捋清绑上导爆管雷管,一根导爆管雷管大约绑4~6条导爆索。此技术能够实现周边孔间隔装药但操作繁琐,存在导爆索消耗大且因为导爆索人工搭接不当极易出现盲炮。
新方案的设计思路仍是将炸药按照一定距离分段绑定在竹片上,取消使用导爆索,转而使用聚能装置。由于高原隧道采用三臂凿岩台车打孔,周边孔深可达4 m,故装药长度需要在3 m左右。采用聚能装置装药方式,先将一整节乳化炸药的一端使用美工刀切平,将聚能装置按压插入乳化炸药的塑膜包装内,绑定在竹片底端,然后将三节半条乳化炸药使用美工刀将两端切平按同样方式将聚能装置插入塑膜包装内,绑定在竹片上,每节炸药间隔50 cm,且全部聚能装置的侧面开口处指向竹片。最后将一节不带聚能装置的整节乳化炸药绑在竹片上,间隔同样50 cm,最终装药长度305 cm。最后将组合体运至将要爆破的隧道掌子面,在底药插入数码电子雷管,放入周边孔后调整组合体角度使聚能槽与开挖轮廓线重合然后进行爆破作业。聚能装置装药结构如图2所示。
由于高原地区隧道施工工期较紧张,无法在隧道掌子面单独开展实验,故采用“边施工边试验”的方式。先将原始使用导爆索+导爆管雷管联合技术爆破的爆后效果进行记录,记录十次循环。然后给工人普及聚能装置装药结构的相关知识,再用聚能装置装药结构试验十次循环,记录数据并与原始装药方式进行对比。
高原隧道进口全长3500 m,用于试验段的岩性主要为燕山期侵入花岗闪长岩,距断裂带较近,岩体较破碎围岩稳定性较差,平均抗压强度为95~120 MPa。原方案采用“导爆索+数码电子雷管”起爆技术(图3),使用三臂凿岩台车进行打孔,炮孔参数见表1,炮孔布置图见图4
表1可知:周边孔孔数为51个,孔深3.8 m,孔径为45 mm,间距为50 cm,周边孔的外插角为2°,雷管采用数码电子雷管,段别设置为8段,使用规格为ϕ 32 mm的乳化炸药,单孔装药量1.2 kg。
经过现场调研,十次循环进尺的现场装药情况与爆后效果详细见表2。由表2可知,原方案周边孔深3.8 m,爆破后进尺最大3.7 m,最小3.3 m,使用雷管数在190发左右,使用导爆索在300 m左右,平均炸药单耗介于1.05~1.22之间,其中与周边孔相关用于爆破后效果评价的半孔率有7次超过80%属于较好水平,有3次介于70%~80%之间属于一般水平。炮孔利用率有2次超过95%属于较好水平,有8次介于85%~95%之间属于一般水平。每个循环平均装药时间为1.3 h。爆破后现场实际调研图5(a)中整体轮廓平顺度一般。图5(b)中爆堆集中密集,岩石较破碎,大块率较低。其中有3次存在个别周边孔拒爆现象。如图6所示。
新爆破方案的炮孔参数设置不变,周边孔采用聚能装置间隔装药方式。在装药之前首先进行聚能装置炸药组装,按照技术要点将聚能装置炸药组装好,炸药间隔50 cm,装药长度305 cm(图7)。将组合体运至需要爆破的掌子面,在底药插入数码电子雷管,然后慢放入周边孔内,最后将数码电子雷管进行组网起爆。
经过现场调研,周边孔采用聚能装置间隔装药方式十次循环进尺的现场装药情况与爆后效果详细见表3。由表3可知周边孔设计孔深3.8 m,爆后循环进尺介于3.4~3.6 m之间。使用数码电子雷管数提高,平均一个循环使用220发,炸药单耗降低,介于0.91~0.97之间。其中与周边孔相关用于爆破后效果评价的半孔率有9次超过80%,属于较好水平,仅有一次低于80%,属于一般水平。炮孔利用率仅第一次试验低于90%,后续试验全部高于90%,属于较好水平。每个循环的装药时间明显下降,平均用时1 h。爆破后现场实际调研图8(a)中整体轮廓平顺度较好,半孔痕清晰。图8(b)中爆堆集中密集,大块率一般。不足之处是第二次试验存在拒爆现象,结合现场实际施工情况分析,由于第二次制作聚能装置间隔装药组合体时,聚能装置之间间隔距离没有按照规定的50 cm,甚至超过了80 cm,而且由于围岩岩性较差,拒爆处存在塌孔现象,使得聚能装置传爆能力减弱而导致前半段炸药拒爆。聚能装置装药拒爆如图9所示。
对周边孔“导爆索+数码电子雷管”装药方式及“聚能装置+数码电子雷管”装药方式两组各10次循环的爆后效果进行对比分析,先进行组内对比,分析两组装药方式爆后效果不佳的原因,再进行不同组对比,分析新方案装药方式的可行性与先进性。
(1)由上文爆后效果统计可知,使用“导爆索+数码电子雷管”装药方式,10次循环进尺不稳定,炮孔利用率忽高忽低,最大进尺可达3.7 m,最小进尺低至3.3 m。根据现场实际装药情况分析是由于为了达到光面爆破效果并且减少对轮廓外围岩的损伤,周边孔需要控制一定的装药量,但是炸药没有聚能作用,故间隔装药的间距较短,基本控制在30 cm,总的装药长度在2 m左右,实际装药时如果将炸药不放入孔底,容易造成循环进尺不足现象。如果将炸药放入孔底就容易造成掌子面前端岩石未炸落的“挂口”现象。
(2)使用“导爆索+数码电子雷管”装药方式,10次循环爆后半孔留痕率不高,爆后轮廓不平顺,爆堆岩石破碎,大块率低。原因是此种装药方式炸药对岩石没有聚能切割作用故间距较低,装药较为集中,且对于开挖轮廓外的岩石无任何保护作用,并且Ⅳ级围岩岩性较差,故导致半孔留痕率低,爆堆块度低,甚至出现超挖现象。
(3)上文爆后效果统计有三次循环存在个别周边孔未爆现象,事后调研发现,周边孔炸药未起爆是由于导爆索未爆,这是由于施工人员在进行“导爆索+数码电子雷管”导线搭接时操作不当,导线搭接长度小于15 cm,搭接角度大于90°出现反向连接甚至系扣式连接都易造成拒爆现象。
由上文爆后效果统计可知,使用“聚能装置+数码电子雷管”装药方式,进行10次爆破循环试验,在第二次试验时右边墙出现拒爆现象,事后通过调研发现施工人员在制作组合体时,炸药之间间距控制较随意,没有严格按照规定的间隔距离,间隔距离甚至达到了80 cm,而且围岩岩性较差,周边孔内可能伴有塌孔现象的发生,从而造成拒爆现象。
新方案和原始方案的爆破后效果对比见表4图10图11图12图13。其中参数全部取10次循环平均值。
表4图10图11图12图13知:
(1)使用“聚能装置+数码电子雷管”装药方式对比原始的“导爆索+数码电子雷管”装药方式,因为聚能装置能够保证炸药爆炸能量被充分利用,且内部聚能槽对轮廓线上的岩石有射流切割作用,故可以增大炸药间距,减少每个周边孔的炸药使用量,对比原始方案的炸药单耗全部高于1.05 kg/m3,新方案炸药单耗基本控制在1.0 kg/m3以内。炸药单耗降低也就意味每个循环的耗材费用降低。
(2)采用“导爆索+数码电子雷管”装药方式爆破后循环进尺不稳定,炮孔利用率也不稳定,而采用“聚能装置+数码电子雷管”装药方式由于聚能装置内部聚能槽在炸药爆炸时能够充分利用其产生的能量对轮廓线岩石起到射流切割作用,故炸药之间间距可以加大到50 cm,聚能装置前端的药型罩又能保证在此间距时完全的射流传爆作用,使得整体装药长度在3 m左右,故在周边孔深3.8 m时,进尺可以稳定到3.5 m左右。
(3)采用“导爆索+数码电子雷管”装药方式爆破后半孔残留率较低,平均半孔残留率为80.19%,而采用“聚能装置+数码电子雷管”装药方式炸药间距较大使得平均每段装药量较少,而同时聚能装置的PVC聚能管对轮廓外围岩有一定的保护作用,故半孔残留率有所提高,平均半孔残留率为84.31%。
(4)原始方案耗材包括乳化炸药、导爆索和数码电子雷管,新方案耗材包括乳化炸药、聚能装置和数码电子雷管,由于处于高原地区,耗材费用较高,其中乳化炸药价格为12 000元/t,导爆索7元/m,数码电子雷管单价为26元,聚能装置单价为2元,对新旧方案每次循环耗材费用进行统计,发现采用新方案对比原始方案费用大大降低,每个循环可以节约耗材费用2000元左右。
(5)新方案在装药时由于不需要导爆索搭接,耗时更少,对比原方案平均装药时间能降低0.3 h。
在隧道光面爆破周边孔分别采用“导爆索+数码电子雷管”装药方式及“聚能装置+数码电子雷管”装药方式两组各10次循环的爆后效果进行对比分析,对两者的爆破效果进行对比分析,得出如下结论:
(1)两种间隔装药方式均能实现光面爆破的效果,但是使用聚能装置进行传爆的装药方式在实现长距离稳定传爆的同时,爆破后每个循环的循环进尺也更加稳定,并且平均半孔留痕率能够达到84.31%,开挖后轮廓更加平整光滑。
(2)周边孔采用“聚能装置+数码电子雷管”间隔装药新方式对比“导爆索+数码电子雷管”装药方式炸药单耗能够降低16.7%,不使用导爆索,耗材费用大大降低,每个循环可以节约耗材费用2000元左右。且新方案在装药时由于不需要导爆索搭接,耗时更少,对比原方案平均装药时间能降低0.3 h。
(3)本文研究缺少对“聚能装置+数码电子雷管”联合起爆新技术间隔距离的最佳值及适用布置机理方面的分析,后续将通过试验、数值模拟等方法开展相关理论研究,为方案持续优化改进及推广应用提供支撑。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52278359)
  • 煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2011DA105287-FW202203)
  • 青岛市博士后资助项目(QDBSH20230202074)
  • 泰安市科技创新发展项目(政策引导类)(2022GX089)
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2024年第41卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.011
  • 接收时间:2023-10-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-07
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52278359)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52278359)
Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control(2011DA105287-FW202203)
煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2011DA105287-FW202203)
Qingdao Postdoctoral Grant(QDBSH20230202074)
青岛市博士后资助项目(QDBSH20230202074)
Tai'an Scientific and Technological Innovation and Development Project (Policy Guidance Category)(2022GX089)
泰安市科技创新发展项目(政策引导类)(2022GX089)
作者信息
    1.山东科技大学 资源学院,泰安 271000
    2.中铁十四局集团 第四工程有限公司,济南 250000

通讯作者:

孙永(1971-)男,教授,主要从事隧道工程、爆破工程等方面的教学与科研工作,(E-mail)
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.011
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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