Article(id=1241769333362327918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1678032000000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990480031, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1709222400000, pubDateStr=2024-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990480031, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990480031, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990480031, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241769329201578292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990479040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992264087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=92, endPage=97, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241769334402515334, articleId=1241769333362327918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Effect Assessment of Buffer Blasting with Multi-row Holes and Large Block in Husab Open-pit Uranium Mine, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problems of large displacement, high boulder yield and low shovel loading efficiency in the front row of Husab mine blasting operations, a series of buffer blasting trials were designed and conducted. The project has successively completed the buffer blasting tests in 5 large blocks, and each section has 360 000 tons to 530 000 tons of ores, 15~21 rows of holes, and 5~40 meters wide buffer materials on the free surface. The muck pile shape, shovel productivity, fragmentation and floor elevation deviation were measured and compared with the non-buffer blasting results in the same period. The test results show that there are forward pounce and uplift phenomenon to the blasting pile under the impact of explosion. Meanwhile, the muck pile surface presents a shape with unequal heights, and the maximum height difference varies from 4.06 m to 5.85 m. The productivity of a hydraulic shovel is 2722 t/h in the buffer blasting blocks, which is 4.69% higher than that in the non-buffer blasting blocks in the same period. Moreover, the results of fragmentation analysis reveal that the buffer blasting is better than non-buffer blasting on the fragmentation performance, and the buffer blasting has the advantage in reducing boulders. Finally, the test results show that the buffer blasting has certain advantages in floor elevation control. It is the first time to promote buffer blasting technology to the blasting of large sections with multiple rows of holes (15 to 21 rows), which is not only in line with the objective needs of large-scale mine production, but also an inevitable trend as large-scale equipment is used.

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为改善湖山铀矿爆破位移大、矿岩大块率高和前部铲装效率低等问题,湖山铀矿设计并开展了5个大区块压渣爆破试验,每个区块量为36~53万t,炮孔排数15~21排,自由面预留5~40 m宽的渣体,测定和统计了试验区块爆堆形态、装载效率、爆破块度以及底板标高偏差等指标,并与同期清渣爆破区块进行对比分析。结果表明:在爆炸冲击作用下,爆堆存在前扑及隆起现象,爆堆表面呈高低不等连续分布状态,爆堆不同部位最大增高变化范围为4.06~5.85 m;铲装效率方面,液压铲在压渣爆破区块的平均装载效率为2722 t/h,比同期清渣爆破区块平均值高4.69%;爆破块度方面,压渣爆破区块爆后块度分布优于清渣爆破区块,在控制大块率方面更有优势。此外,压渣爆破在底板标高控制方面有一定优势。该研究首次将压渣爆破技术推广至多排孔大区块(15~21排)爆破中,这既符合大型露天矿山生产的客观需求,也是设备大型化后的必然趋势。可以使得湖山铀矿爆破更为精细化的同时,也可以为国内外类似的矿山爆破提供重要的现场数据。

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刘玉龙(1983-),男,博士、正高级工程师,主要从事工程爆破与铀矿开采相关技术研究,(E-mail)

LIU Yu-long (1983-), male, doctor, professor of engineering, mainly engaged in engineering blasting and uranium resource mining related technology research, (E-mail) .

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刘玉龙(1983-),男,博士、正高级工程师,主要从事工程爆破与铀矿开采相关技术研究,(E-mail)

LIU Yu-long (1983-), male, doctor, professor of engineering, mainly engaged in engineering blasting and uranium resource mining related technology research, (E-mail) .

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刘玉龙(1983-),男,博士、正高级工程师,主要从事工程爆破与铀矿开采相关技术研究,(E-mail)

LIU Yu-long (1983-), male, doctor, professor of engineering, mainly engaged in engineering blasting and uranium resource mining related technology research, (E-mail) .

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Experimental study on large volume buffer blasting of complex ore body in open-pit mine[J]. NONFERROUS METALS (Mining Section), 2022, 74(3): 50-54. 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journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333362327918, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Aerial photography and data processing effects of block 2B30D027, figureFileSmall=t+LShBQ9ivOMm6C+bLgZKw==, figureFileBig=DnybS9KAZtM1whYp6YB/4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769345693582299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333362327918, language=CN, label=图3, caption=试验区块2B30D027航拍及数据处理效果, figureFileSmall=t+LShBQ9ivOMm6C+bLgZKw==, figureFileBig=DnybS9KAZtM1whYp6YB/4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769347266446303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333362327918, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=3D blasting heave data processing effects, figureFileSmall=x6/iGhZYALR480M8CB7tFQ==, figureFileBig=8ntLh8PHXMCk9Cld8Yf9yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769347358721002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333362327918, language=CN, label=图4, caption=3D爆堆高度处理结果, figureFileSmall=x6/iGhZYALR480M8CB7tFQ==, figureFileBig=8ntLh8PHXMCk9Cld8Yf9yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769347430024172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333362327918, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Productivity of buffer versus non-buffer in the same period, figureFileSmall=lTkPdt5nDtPOW8Jobf8PAg==, figureFileBig=g64Rq/aHKFV8uC1SreAhqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769347581019124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333362327918, language=CN, label=图5, caption=压渣爆破与同期清渣区块装载效率对比, figureFileSmall=lTkPdt5nDtPOW8Jobf8PAg==, figureFileBig=g64Rq/aHKFV8uC1SreAhqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769347664905211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333362327918, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Fragmentation analysis example, figureFileSmall=ndRzv4wu/UoO8soAS18dlg==, 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caption=试验区块及其周边台阶高程热图, figureFileSmall=Pibozpj59pRI7dxBWuk+DQ==, figureFileBig=vfrAQofhCuuWIGwBBQtkpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769348617011257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333362327918, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Blasting design parameters of test blocks

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生产区块钻孔直径/mm孔距/m排距/m孔深/m超深/m填塞高度/m炸药单耗/(kg·m-3延期间隔/ms压渣厚度/m
2B30D0272516.86.59.01.540.90孔42,排75,孔内5005~40
2B30D0222516.86.59.01.540.90孔42,排75,孔内50010~15
2B30D0212516.86.59.01.540.90孔42,排75,孔内50010~30
1B15D0421774.55.08.51.030.66孔42,排100,孔内50010~40
1B15D0431654.24.88.51.030.64孔42,排100,孔内50010~20
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348805754950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333362327918, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

压渣爆破试验区块爆破设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生产区块钻孔直径/mm孔距/m排距/m孔深/m超深/m填塞高度/m炸药单耗/(kg·m-3延期间隔/ms压渣厚度/m
2B30D0272516.86.59.01.540.90孔42,排75,孔内5005~40
2B30D0222516.86.59.01.540.90孔42,排75,孔内50010~15
2B30D0212516.86.59.01.540.90孔42,排75,孔内50010~30
1B15D0421774.55.08.51.030.66孔42,排100,孔内50010~40
1B15D0431654.24.88.51.030.64孔42,排100,孔内50010~20
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348914806863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333362327918, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Productivity of different blocks

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
液压铲编号清渣区块装载效率/(t·h-1压渣区块装载效率/(t·h-1
HS125152581
HS226532800
HS326302785
平均值26002722
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349002887255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333362327918, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同压渣区块铲装效率统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
液压铲编号清渣区块装载效率/(t·h-1压渣区块装载效率/(t·h-1
HS125152581
HS226532800
HS326302785
平均值26002722
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349111939166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333362327918, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Fragmentation analysis result

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块块度≤1 m占比/%块度≤0.6 m占比/%块度≤0.4 m占比/%块度≤0.25 m占比/%
2B30D022100.0095.8286.3062.62
2B30D027100.0097.4188.2567.71
1B15D04299.9094.4885.1870.13
1B15D043100.0099.8596.1780.27
2B30D021100.0096.5485.4163.11
压渣区块平均99.9896.8288.2668.77
清渣区块平均99.9395.5486.6765.22
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349216796772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333362327918, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

块度分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块块度≤1 m占比/%块度≤0.6 m占比/%块度≤0.4 m占比/%块度≤0.25 m占比/%
2B30D022100.0095.8286.3062.62
2B30D027100.0097.4188.2567.71
1B15D04299.9094.4885.1870.13
1B15D043100.0099.8596.1780.27
2B30D021100.0096.5485.4163.11
压渣区块平均99.9896.8288.2668.77
清渣区块平均99.9395.5486.6765.22
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刘玉龙 1 , 黄磊 1 , 谢烽 2 , 张怀峰 1 , 汪志平 1 , 周恕辉 1
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024,41(1): 92-97
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024, 41(1): 92-97
湖山露天铀矿多排孔大区块压渣爆破效果评价
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刘玉龙1 , 黄磊1, 谢烽2, 张怀峰1, 汪志平1, 周恕辉1
作者信息
  • 1.中广核铀业发展有限公司,北京 100029
  • 2.北方爆破科技有限公司,北京 100097
  • 刘玉龙(1983-),男,博士、正高级工程师,主要从事工程爆破与铀矿开采相关技术研究,(E-mail)

    LIU Yu-long (1983-), male, doctor, professor of engineering, mainly engaged in engineering blasting and uranium resource mining related technology research, (E-mail) .

Effect Assessment of Buffer Blasting with Multi-row Holes and Large Block in Husab Open-pit Uranium Mine
Yu-long LIU1 , Lei HUANG1, Feng XIE2, Huai-feng ZHANG1, Zhi-ping WANG1, Shu-hui ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1.CGNPC Uranium Resources Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100029, China
  • 2.North Blasting Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100097, China
出版时间: 2024-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.013
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为改善湖山铀矿爆破位移大、矿岩大块率高和前部铲装效率低等问题,湖山铀矿设计并开展了5个大区块压渣爆破试验,每个区块量为36~53万t,炮孔排数15~21排,自由面预留5~40 m宽的渣体,测定和统计了试验区块爆堆形态、装载效率、爆破块度以及底板标高偏差等指标,并与同期清渣爆破区块进行对比分析。结果表明:在爆炸冲击作用下,爆堆存在前扑及隆起现象,爆堆表面呈高低不等连续分布状态,爆堆不同部位最大增高变化范围为4.06~5.85 m;铲装效率方面,液压铲在压渣爆破区块的平均装载效率为2722 t/h,比同期清渣爆破区块平均值高4.69%;爆破块度方面,压渣爆破区块爆后块度分布优于清渣爆破区块,在控制大块率方面更有优势。此外,压渣爆破在底板标高控制方面有一定优势。该研究首次将压渣爆破技术推广至多排孔大区块(15~21排)爆破中,这既符合大型露天矿山生产的客观需求,也是设备大型化后的必然趋势。可以使得湖山铀矿爆破更为精细化的同时,也可以为国内外类似的矿山爆破提供重要的现场数据。

爆破工程  /  压渣爆破  /  爆堆形态  /  铲装效率  /  块度分布

In order to solve the problems of large displacement, high boulder yield and low shovel loading efficiency in the front row of Husab mine blasting operations, a series of buffer blasting trials were designed and conducted. The project has successively completed the buffer blasting tests in 5 large blocks, and each section has 360 000 tons to 530 000 tons of ores, 15~21 rows of holes, and 5~40 meters wide buffer materials on the free surface. The muck pile shape, shovel productivity, fragmentation and floor elevation deviation were measured and compared with the non-buffer blasting results in the same period. The test results show that there are forward pounce and uplift phenomenon to the blasting pile under the impact of explosion. Meanwhile, the muck pile surface presents a shape with unequal heights, and the maximum height difference varies from 4.06 m to 5.85 m. The productivity of a hydraulic shovel is 2722 t/h in the buffer blasting blocks, which is 4.69% higher than that in the non-buffer blasting blocks in the same period. Moreover, the results of fragmentation analysis reveal that the buffer blasting is better than non-buffer blasting on the fragmentation performance, and the buffer blasting has the advantage in reducing boulders. Finally, the test results show that the buffer blasting has certain advantages in floor elevation control. It is the first time to promote buffer blasting technology to the blasting of large sections with multiple rows of holes (15 to 21 rows), which is not only in line with the objective needs of large-scale mine production, but also an inevitable trend as large-scale equipment is used.

blasting engineering  /  buffer blasting  /  muck pile shape  /  shovel productivity  /  fragmentation distribution
刘玉龙, 黄磊, 谢烽, 张怀峰, 汪志平, 周恕辉. 湖山露天铀矿多排孔大区块压渣爆破效果评价. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (1) : 92 -97 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.013
Yu-long LIU, Lei HUANG, Feng XIE, Huai-feng ZHANG, Zhi-ping WANG, Shu-hui ZHOU. Effect Assessment of Buffer Blasting with Multi-row Holes and Large Block in Husab Open-pit Uranium Mine[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (1) : 92 -97 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.013
湖山铀矿位于纳米比亚西部沿海地区,矿床类型为白岗岩型铀矿床,主要由1号带和2号带组成,矿床走向为北东-西南,长度近6 km,倾向东南,埋深达400 m。采矿设计沿走向把矿体分为1号坑和2号坑,两坑同时开采,排土场位于矿坑东部,矿山整体布局见图1。矿体所在区域呈现背斜构造,矿床赋存条件较复杂,矿体厚度变化系数较大,单个矿体规模小,分布不均匀,难以实施分爆分采。矿石区块矿岩分布情况见图2。湖山铀矿采用多排孔大区块清渣台阶爆破,矿石区块单次爆破量为30~80万t,爆孔排数15~40排。多排孔大区块清渣爆破可以为大型设备的高效铲运提供条件,但是会造成爆破位移过大,爆后爆堆的“拖尾”现象严重。如何在不降低现有单次爆破规模的情况下,应用合理的爆破技术手段,是湖山铀矿降本增效、实现精益化生产的重要方向。
压渣爆破技术兼有多排孔毫秒延期爆破和挤压爆破的特点,在国内外露天矿山开采中得到广泛应用[1-5]。德兴铜矿发现压渣爆破可增加破碎岩块的相互碰撞和挤压补充破碎,提高爆炸能量的利用率,减少爆破移位,渣体厚度一般在10 m左右,在难爆区、出矿区或压渣较厚区域布孔排数一般控制在4排以内。除德兴铜矿外,压渣爆破在霍林河南露天矿[6]、长久神山矿[7]、白云鄂博铁矿等露天矿山都得到了较好应用[8]。与此同时,国内外科技工作者仍然致力于在工程实践中逐渐发展和完善压渣爆破的理论和实践。汪高龙使用压渣爆破技术治理连云港某地边坡[9],留渣厚度3.5 m,延期间隔50 ms,单耗0.45 kg/m3,后排装药量100 kg/孔,前排装药量为后排1.3倍,效果显著。顾春雷在白云鄂博西矿试验发现[10],压渣爆破应综合岩体破裂发展速度等因素,根据岩体强度系数设计压渣爆破延期时间,压渣厚度不宜大于底盘抵抗线,爆破效果较好。赵渤根据挤压爆破的能量补偿原理重新设计了前排孔被爆矿岩的炸药单耗[11],调整了最小抵抗线及孔距,根据预期爆破后松散度计算了补偿空间,进而得出了挤压爆破合理的压渣厚度,按照压渣爆破微差间隔原理重新确定了微差间隔时间,改进了爆破技术。张超开展某钼钨矿压渣爆破优化试验[12],总结出前排孔炸药单耗0.7~0.8 kg/m3、排间距5×8 m、压渣厚度为10 m时可取得最佳爆破效果。洪叶荣提出应用压渣爆破技术控制某露天矿的大块率[13],通过理论分析和现场试验发现,压渣厚度为7 m时爆破大块率得到有效控制,且炸药单耗与之前的爆破技术基本持平。张生善系统介绍了压渣爆破作用过程[14],以及合理压渣厚度的确定,同时说明了压渣爆破经济效果显著。
目前国内露天矿对压渣爆破的研究和应用以小区块为主,多排孔(炮孔排数10排及以上)大区块压渣爆破有关试验和工程应用较少。本文以纳米比亚湖山大型露天铀矿为试验矿山,在前人研究基础上[15],开展了多个大区块压渣爆破试验研究,以获得压渣爆破的关键技术指标,进一步指导湖山铀矿多排孔大区块压渣爆破设计和施工。
现场选取了炮孔直径为251 mm、177 mm和165 mm,台阶高度为7.5 m的生产区块进行试验。所选试验区块炮孔排数为15~21排,单个区块的爆破量为36~53万t,试验区块爆破设计参数如表1所示。
开展压渣爆破与清渣爆破对比分析研究,验证压渣爆破的优势,需要确认爆破效果的评价指标。本文采用无人机和软件对爆堆形态进行宏观测绘和剖面分析,获得爆堆变化特征参数。选取爆堆形态特征、铲车装载效率、块度分布和底板标高作为爆破效果评价指标。
湖山铀矿先后完成5个区块的压渣爆破现场试验,选取2B30D027区块进行爆堆形态研究。首先利用无人机对爆前爆后爆堆形态进行拍摄,获得实物图;然后采用软件对实物图进行处理,获得三维形态图,如图3所示,处理结果如图4所示。
图4可知,爆破后,在爆炸冲击作用下,爆堆存在前扑及隆起现象,爆堆表面呈高低不等连续分布状态。爆前剖面轮廓线平滑规整,爆后剖面轮廓线凹凸不平,爆堆不同部位最大增高变化范围为4.06~5.85 m。
铲车装载效率指液压铲在单位时间内的装载量,1号液压铲铲装压渣区块为2B30D021、2B30D022、2B30D027,2号液压铲铲装的压渣区块为1B15D042,3号液压铲铲装的压渣区块为1B15D043,统计液压铲在5个压渣爆破试验区块装载效率,其中1号液压铲装载效率为三个压渣区块的平均值,如表2所示。不同液压铲,压渣爆破装载效率与2021年11~12月两个月内清渣爆破的平均装载效率进行对比,结果如图5所示。
表2可知,液压铲在压渣爆破区块的平均装载效率为2722 t/h,同期清渣爆破区块平均的平均装载效率为2600 t/h,压渣区块平均装载效率比清渣区块平均装载效率值高4.69%,即压渣爆破区块的装载效率整体优于清渣爆破装载效率。
压渣爆破提高铲装效率主要作用:一是在渣体作用下,炸药能量有效作用于矿岩,改善了爆破效果,使得矿岩进一步破碎,降低大块率,利于设备的铲装;二是渣体有效阻挡矿岩的移位,特别是临近自由面矿岩的移动,使得爆堆隆起高度符合铲装设备的最佳作业范围,提高了铲装效率。
利用软件Desktop64进行爆后块度分析。压渣爆破结束后,在爆堆表面选取5个具有代表性的区域,放置标定球,拍摄照片,之后将照片导入块度分析软件进行块度统计分析,分析过程如图6所示。
湖山铀矿将爆后尺寸大于1 m的矿岩定义为大块,对5个压渣爆破区块爆后不同块度分布进行了统计,统计结果如表3所示。从表3可以看出,各个块度区间的压渣爆破表现都要好于清渣爆破,说明压渣爆破在控制大块率方面要优于清渣爆破。
分别选取压渣爆破和清渣爆破不同直径矿石分布情况对比分析,分析结果见图7。由图7可知,压渣爆破矿石破碎程度要大于清渣爆破矿石的破碎程度,随着矿石直径的减少,破碎效果更加明显。这符合压渣爆破的基本规律,即在压渣爆破过程中爆破作用时间长、炸药能量利用率高、矿岩相互挤压越充分,从而有力改善爆破效果。
在爆破区块周边标记4个坐标控制点,以坐标控制点为基准,利用无人机对铲装后的区块底板进行航测,利用Pix4D软件对图像进行处理,生成点状云图,联合控制点坐标可计算得到测试部位的高程,如图8所示。
5个压渣爆破试验区块,其中3个区块位于2号坑2期30台阶,2个区块位于1号坑2期15台阶。本次试验测定了压渣爆破区块底板及其周边清渣爆破区块底板的标高,并与设计标高对比制作出台阶高程热图,如图9所示,图中红色部分为底板高于设计值(欠挖),蓝色部分为底板低于设计值(超挖),绿色部分为底板等于设计值(合格)。由图9(a)可知,2号坑2期3个压渣爆破试验区块没有欠挖部分,即底板没有根底或硬底。由图9(b)可知,1号坑2期2个压渣爆破区块的底板高程控制较好,区块的大部分底板是合格的,有少部分欠挖,但相较于其它清渣爆破区块总体较好。
底板产生根底主要部位在爆区前排孔位置,其他部位次之。该部位容易产生根底的主要原因是钻机不能靠近自由面工作,形成底盘抵抗线过大,容易产生根底。压渣爆破在自由面形成渣体,使得台阶底盘抵抗线和上盘抵抗线距离基本相等,使得爆破能量较多作用于容易产生根底的部位,减少根底发生的概率。
(1)在爆炸冲击作用下,压渣爆破爆堆存在前扑距离较小、向上隆起高现象,爆堆表面呈高低不等分布状态。爆前剖面轮廓线平滑规整,爆后剖面轮廓线凹凸不平,爆堆不同部位最大增高变化范围为4.06~5.85 m。
(2)压渣爆破区块的平均装载效率为2722 t/h,高于对应设备的同期清渣爆破区块装载效率平均值,压渣爆破在铲装效率方面要优于清渣爆破。压渣爆破的爆破作用时间长、炸药能量利用率高、矿岩相互挤压充分,因此,压渣爆破在控制大块率方面要比清渣爆破效果更加明显。
(3)与清渣爆破相比,压渣爆破在自由面形成渣体,使得台阶底盘抵抗线和上盘抵抗线距离基本相等,使得爆破能量较多作用于容易产生根底的部位,减少根底发生的概率。
(4)压渣爆破在多数评价指标上要优于清渣爆破,下一步将虑通过减少压渣厚度,优化孔网结构、爆破网络连结、炸药单耗等爆破设计,进一步提升大区块压渣爆破效果。
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2024年第41卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.013
  • 接收时间:2023-03-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-06
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    1.中广核铀业发展有限公司,北京 100029
    2.北方爆破科技有限公司,北京 100097
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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