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Article(id=1241769333085507833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693756800000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990479965, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1709222400000, pubDateStr=2024-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990479965, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990479965, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990479965, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241769329201578292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990479040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992264087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=44, endPage=50, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241769336134766998, articleId=1241769333085507833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=An Ultra-deep Subdrilling Optimization Method for Deep-hole Bench Blasting based on Toe Rock Control, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In open-pit bench blasting, blasting TBlasting toe rocks is an important indicator to measure the blasting effect in open-pit bench blasting, and it is most directly influenced by the blasting parameters have the most direct influence on the formation of blasting toes. In order to find outresearch the influence of ultra-deepsubdrilling on the smoothness flatness of bench in deep-hole bench blasting, statistical analysis of the relationship between damage variables and wave velocity in rock mass was conducted based on the basic theories of rock damage mechanics. based on the basic theories of rock damage mechanics and through statistical analysis of the relationship between damage variables in engineering and wave velocity in rocks, Tthe threshold values of damage variable, Dd for critical damage variable damage state of of rock mass is determined as Dd that is was 0.2, and the damage threshold Dt of for rock breaking mass in critical broken state is was were defined as 0.2 and 0.8, respectively. based on the basic theories of rock damage mechanics and through statistical analysis of the relationship between damage variables in engineering and wave velocity in rocks. Furthermore, Based on the dynamic damage model of rock with comprehensive consideration of the damage effect of tension and compression, the damage range of bench blasting under different conditions of with different subdrilling conditionsultra-deep was simulated by using the dynamic finite element analysis program LS-DYNA based on the dynamic damage model of rock mass with a comprehensive consideration of tension and compression effect. Meanwhile; based on the threshold of critical damage variable, the fluctuations distribution image of the bench surface after blasting was drawn to determine the optimal ultra-deep of subdrilling hole based on Dt the threshold of critical damage variable, and the image is was used for the quantitative analysis, so as to ensure that the rock mass of upper bench was fully damaged without affecting the construction of the lower bench surface. Finally, combined with the actual situation of deep-hole bench blasting in Ezhou Airport, the influence mechanism of ultra-deepsubdrilling on blasting toes is was verified in the deep-hole bench blasting of Ezhou Airport, and an optimal method for determining the optimal ultra-deepsubdrilling value for deep-hole bench blasting is was concluded.

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在露天台阶爆破中，根底是衡量爆破效果的一个重要指标，其中爆破参数钻孔超深对根底的形成有着最为直接的影响。为探究深孔台阶爆破中钻孔超深对爆后台阶面平整度的影响，基于岩石损伤力学等基本理论，通过对工程中岩体损伤变量与波速间关系的统计分析，定义岩体发生损伤的临界损伤变量阈值Dd为0.2，临界破碎状态岩体的损伤阈值Dt为0.8。在综合考虑拉压损伤效应的岩石动力学损伤模型的基础上，利用LS-DYNA动力有限元软件，模拟不同钻孔超深条件下的台阶爆破损伤范围；基于岩体临界破碎状态的损伤变量阈值，绘制爆后台阶面的起伏分布图像，并利用图像进行量化分析，通过比较确定最优的钻孔超深，保证上台阶岩体充分破坏的同时，不影响下台阶面的施工。最后，结合鄂州机场土石方深孔台阶爆破的实际情况，验证了钻孔超深对爆破根底的影响机制，总结得到一种确定深孔台阶爆破最佳超深取值的优选方法，通过优化超深取值改善爆后新台阶面的平整度。

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王洪刚（1980-），男，山东省昌乐县，大学、高级工程师，工程爆破的生产与科研，（E-mail）。

WANG Hong-gang (1980-), Male, Changle County, Shandong Province, bachelor degree, senior engineer, production and scientific research of engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

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1b.Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, JianghanEngineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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1b.江汉大学　爆破工程湖北省重点实验室，武汉　430056
2.武汉爆破有限公司，武汉　430056, bio={"content":"

王洪刚（1980-），男，山东省昌乐县，大学、高级工程师，工程爆破的生产与科研，（E-mail）。

WANG Hong-gang (1980-), Male, Changle County, Shandong Province, bachelor degree, senior engineer, production and scientific research of engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

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王洪刚（1980-），男，山东省昌乐县，大学、高级工程师，工程爆破的生产与科研，（E-mail）。

WANG Hong-gang (1980-), Male, Changle County, Shandong Province, bachelor degree, senior engineer, production and scientific research of engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Improved calculation model for the size of crushed zone around blasthole, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241769357555077503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333085507833, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=32, issue=3, pageStart=49, pageEnd=54, 78, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=32, authorNames=刘亮, 郑炳旭, 陈明, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘亮, 郑炳旭, 陈明, 等. 起爆方式对台阶爆破根底影响的数值模拟分析[J]. 爆破, 2015, 32(3): 49-54, 78., articleTitle=起爆方式对台阶爆破根底影响的数值模拟分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241769357634769282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333085507833, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=32, issue=3, pageStart=49, pageEnd=54, 78, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=33, authorNames=LIU Liang, ZHENG Bing-xu, CHEN Ming, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Liang, ZHENG Bing-xu, CHEN Ming, et al. 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Blasting parameters of numerical simulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
台阶高度/m孔距/m排距/m抵抗线/m炮孔直径/mm装药直径/mm装药长度/m超深/m堵塞长度/m
124.03.53.51151158.50.4~1.43.5
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数值模拟爆破参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
台阶高度/m孔距/m排距/m抵抗线/m炮孔直径/mm装药直径/mm装药长度/m超深/m堵塞长度/m
124.03.53.51151158.50.4~1.43.5
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Explosive parameters of numerical simulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/（kg·m-3）炮轰波速度/（m·s-1） A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω
7003850209.73.55.81.290.35
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数值模拟炸药参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/（kg·m-3）炮轰波速度/（m·s-1） A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω
7003850209.73.55.81.290.35
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349359407193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333085507833, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Rock mass parameters of numerical simulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/（kg·m-3）杨氏模量/GPa泊松比ν屈服强度/MPa切线模量/GPa
2700400.227016.4
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数值模拟岩体参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/（kg·m-3）杨氏模量/GPa泊松比ν屈服强度/MPa切线模量/GPa
2700400.227016.4
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349594288234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769333085507833, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of quantization parameters of toe rock under different subdrilling conditionsultra-deep roots

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根底量化参数超钻深度/m
0.40.60.81.01.21.4
根底高度H/m0.47000.29670.25640.1400\\
根底率/%3.91672.47252.13671.1667\\
起伏高差ΔH/m1.01571.21321.00160.9452\\
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不同超深下根底量化参数对比

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根底量化参数超钻深度/m
0.40.60.81.01.21.4
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根底率/%3.91672.47252.13671.1667\\
起伏高差ΔH/m1.01571.21321.00160.9452\\
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基于根底控制的深孔台阶爆破超深优选方法
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王洪刚 1a, 1b, 2 , 贾永胜 1a, 1b, 2 , 余浩天 3 , 罗鹏 2 , 黄炳林 2 , 周俊汝 3
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024,41(1): 44-50
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024, 41(1): 44-50
基于根底控制的深孔台阶爆破超深优选方法
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王洪刚1a, 1b, 2 , 贾永胜1a, 1b, 2, 余浩天3, 罗鹏2, 黄炳林2, 周俊汝3
作者信息
  • 1a.江汉大学　精细爆破国家重点实验室，武汉　430056
  • 1b.江汉大学　爆破工程湖北省重点实验室，武汉　430056
  • 2.武汉爆破有限公司，武汉　430056
  • 3.武汉科技大学　理学院，武汉　430065

    • 王洪刚（1980-），男，山东省昌乐县，大学、高级工程师，工程爆破的生产与科研，（E-mail）。

    WANG Hong-gang (1980-), Male, Changle County, Shandong Province, bachelor degree, senior engineer, production and scientific research of engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

An Ultra-deep Subdrilling Optimization Method for Deep-hole Bench Blasting based on Toe Rock Control
Hong-gang WANG1a, 1b, 2 , Yong-sheng JIA1a, 1b, 2, Hao-tian YU3, Peng LUO2, Bing-lin HUANG2, Jun-ru ZHOU3
Affiliations
  • 1a.State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • 1b.Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, JianghanEngineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • 2.Wuhan Explosions & Blasting Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430056, China
  • 3.College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
出版时间: 2024-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.007
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摘要
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在露天台阶爆破中，根底是衡量爆破效果的一个重要指标，其中爆破参数钻孔超深对根底的形成有着最为直接的影响。为探究深孔台阶爆破中钻孔超深对爆后台阶面平整度的影响，基于岩石损伤力学等基本理论，通过对工程中岩体损伤变量与波速间关系的统计分析，定义岩体发生损伤的临界损伤变量阈值Dd为0.2，临界破碎状态岩体的损伤阈值Dt为0.8。在综合考虑拉压损伤效应的岩石动力学损伤模型的基础上，利用LS-DYNA动力有限元软件，模拟不同钻孔超深条件下的台阶爆破损伤范围；基于岩体临界破碎状态的损伤变量阈值，绘制爆后台阶面的起伏分布图像，并利用图像进行量化分析，通过比较确定最优的钻孔超深，保证上台阶岩体充分破坏的同时，不影响下台阶面的施工。最后，结合鄂州机场土石方深孔台阶爆破的实际情况，验证了钻孔超深对爆破根底的影响机制，总结得到一种确定深孔台阶爆破最佳超深取值的优选方法，通过优化超深取值改善爆后新台阶面的平整度。

台阶爆破  /  钻孔超深  /  爆破根底  /  临界损伤阈值  /  数值模拟

In open-pit bench blasting, blasting TBlasting toe rocks is an important indicator to measure the blasting effect in open-pit bench blasting, and it is most directly influenced by the blasting parameters have the most direct influence on the formation of blasting toes. In order to find outresearch the influence of ultra-deepsubdrilling on the smoothness flatness of bench in deep-hole bench blasting, statistical analysis of the relationship between damage variables and wave velocity in rock mass was conducted based on the basic theories of rock damage mechanics. based on the basic theories of rock damage mechanics and through statistical analysis of the relationship between damage variables in engineering and wave velocity in rocks, Tthe threshold values of damage variable, Dd for critical damage variable damage state of of rock mass is determined as Dd that is was 0.2, and the damage threshold Dt of for rock breaking mass in critical broken state is was were defined as 0.2 and 0.8, respectively. based on the basic theories of rock damage mechanics and through statistical analysis of the relationship between damage variables in engineering and wave velocity in rocks. Furthermore, Based on the dynamic damage model of rock with comprehensive consideration of the damage effect of tension and compression, the damage range of bench blasting under different conditions of with different subdrilling conditionsultra-deep was simulated by using the dynamic finite element analysis program LS-DYNA based on the dynamic damage model of rock mass with a comprehensive consideration of tension and compression effect. Meanwhile; based on the threshold of critical damage variable, the fluctuations distribution image of the bench surface after blasting was drawn to determine the optimal ultra-deep of subdrilling hole based on Dt the threshold of critical damage variable, and the image is was used for the quantitative analysis, so as to ensure that the rock mass of upper bench was fully damaged without affecting the construction of the lower bench surface. Finally, combined with the actual situation of deep-hole bench blasting in Ezhou Airport, the influence mechanism of ultra-deepsubdrilling on blasting toes is was verified in the deep-hole bench blasting of Ezhou Airport, and an optimal method for determining the optimal ultra-deepsubdrilling value for deep-hole bench blasting is was concluded.

bench blasting  /  ultra-deepsubdrilling  /  blasting toetoe rock  /  critical damage threshold  /  numerical simulation
王洪刚, 贾永胜, 余浩天, 罗鹏, 黄炳林, 周俊汝. 基于根底控制的深孔台阶爆破超深优选方法. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (1) : 44 -50 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.007
Hong-gang WANG, Yong-sheng JIA, Hao-tian YU, Peng LUO, Bing-lin HUANG, Jun-ru ZHOU. An Ultra-deep Subdrilling Optimization Method for Deep-hole Bench Blasting based on Toe Rock Control[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (1) : 44 -50 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.007
正文
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在露天深孔台阶爆破中，根底是衡量爆破作业效果的一个重要指标[1,2]。现有研究成果表明，爆破设计参数直接决定了施工质量的好坏[3-5]，其中，超深的取值对爆后台阶面的平整度有着非常重要的影响[6]。台阶爆破超深取值的影响作用是多方面的，爆破超深可以改善爆破效果及质量，并在台阶爆破中降低根底出现的概率[7]。如果超深偏小，使底部装药量少，会出现底部爆轰能量不足，爆破时底部的爆轰能量不足以克服底部抵抗线，无法在底部形成爆破裂隙，因而可能产生较多根底；超深偏大，爆破产生的能量多作用在底部岩石层，虽然消除了台阶根底，但会出现裂隙延伸位置过低，导致下部岩层出现破碎，从而对下一次的台阶爆破作业产生影响，超深过大也会造成爆堆上部的大块问题以及爆破能量的不充分利用[8]。综上所述，合理的超深值既可以实现炸药能量的充分利用，也是减少台阶根底最直接有效的方法[9]。因此很有必要提出确定台阶爆破最优超深取值的优化方法。
为减少根底并提高爆后新台阶面的平整度，需要从理论上对台阶根底的形成机制进行深入研究讨论，而对此已有了较为成熟的研究成果[10,11]，其中爆破设计参数对根底的形成有着最为直接的影响。根底产生的原因有很多，如底盘抵抗线偏大、孔距偏大、地质缺陷、堵塞长度过短等[12]，工程经验表明超深不足是根底存在的原因中最常见的因素[13]。在钻孔和装药时，增加一定的钻孔超深，增加底部装药量，增强底部的能量和荷载强度，从而加大坡脚处岩体的破碎程度，以减小或消除爆破根底。当设计的钻孔超深偏小，不足以产生克服底部岩体破碎所需要的能量，就会产生爆破根底。所以钻孔超深对于露天深孔台阶爆破施工来说有非常重要的作用，它直接影响到爆破效果以及质量的好坏。因此，合理的超深对于台阶爆破后不留下根底，提高台阶爆破效果有着非常重要的影响。
基于台阶爆破中根底产生的机制，利用数值仿真方法，模拟不同钻孔超深下的台阶爆破损伤范围，结合现场试验验证，确定合理的最佳超深，保证上台阶岩体充分破碎的同时，不影响下一个台阶的工作，确保底盘的平整度。
1　钻孔超深对根底的影响
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1.1　根底形成机制
露天台阶爆破中，孔底基岩间的相互夹制对新台阶面的形成起到较大的约束作用，因此要在台阶底部形成平整的台阶面需要更多的爆炸能。孔底起爆方式决定了孔内爆轰波传爆的方向，爆炸过程由孔底向孔口聚能，导致炮孔周围沿着钻孔方向上的应力场和能量场分布不均，使得坡脚处岩体损伤减弱、破坏程度降低，容易出现爆破根底的现象[14,15]。其他还有底盘抵抗线偏大、孔距偏大、地质缺陷、堵塞长度过短、超深不足等都是产生根底的原因。
因此除岩体本身的岩性分布不均引起的结构刚度、底部受力条件的变化的原因以外，可以依靠人为优化确定工程爆破参数等而减少甚至消除根底的形成。
1.2　钻孔超深对根底的影响机制
超深是指炮孔超出台阶底盘标高的炮孔深度，其作用是降低装药中心的位置，以克服底板阻力，使爆破后不留根底，形成平整的底部平盘，利于开挖和装运及后续的钻爆作业。在钻孔和装药时，增加一定的钻孔超深，增加了底盘处的装药量，即增大了底部的荷载强度及能量分布，从而增强台阶底盘处岩体的破碎程度和破碎效果，以此减少乃至消除根底。当设计的钻孔超深偏小，不足以克服底部岩体的破碎，就会产生爆破根底。但超深过大会导致台阶底盘处的爆炸能量过多，从而产生超挖现象，这对台阶底盘平整度同样是不利的。
1.3　深孔台阶爆破钻孔超深的确定
深孔爆破台阶的超深应根据孔距、排距、炸药类型和孔径等因素进行设计，根据工程实践经验，超深h按下列经验公式计算及校核：
（a）根据台阶高度H经验公式计算：h=（0.12~0.25）H；
（b）根据底盘抵抗线W经验公式计算：h=（0.15~0.35）W；
（c）根据钻孔直径d经验公式计算：h=（8~12）d。
通过这三个经验公式来确定台阶爆破超深只能给出一个较为合理的取值范围，对于真实的爆破效果来说不够精确也不够科学。因此，需要给出一种更实用精确的超深优化方法。
2　最优钻孔超深的数值模拟与确定
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在台阶爆破根底形成机制的理论基础上，利用LS-DYNA显式动力学计算软件模拟深孔台阶爆破的不同超深工况，得到孔底岩体的损伤云图，对根底量化分析，更直观地为深孔台阶爆破最合理超深的选择提供一定的参考，对爆破施工设计有显著的指导作用。
2.1　岩体的损伤模型
岩体损伤是指岩体物理力学性能的劣化，一般用损伤变量表示岩体性质劣化程度[16]。损伤模型是当前工程爆破中爆轰产物对岩体破坏作用的新理论研究方向，本文采用一种自定义的损伤模型，在数值计算中利用岩石损伤模型模拟爆后岩体损伤分布与保留岩体形态，损伤模型通过岩体的纵波波速降低率定义损伤阈值[17]。将其带入下式
式中：Db为岩体损伤系数；v1和v2分别为爆前和爆后岩体的纵波波速；η为爆后岩体纵波波速降低率。
查阅工程规范《水工建筑物岩石基础开挖工程技术规范》，当岩体纵波波速降低率η超过10%时，判定岩体开始发生损伤，因此将波速降低率10%作为岩体出现损伤的判别标准，故Db取值0.2；由于本文不考虑岩体初始的内部损伤，因此爆前的岩体纵波波速等于完整无损岩体的声波速度，而结合大量的工程实测数据的统计分析[17]，岩体进入破碎状态时损伤阈值Dct取值0.8，因而本文中形成台阶根底的岩体模型的损伤阈值取破碎临界损伤阈值Dt为0.8。
2.2　数值模拟参数
（1）模型几何参数
为与现场爆破对比验证，本次数值模拟的台阶爆破参数如表1所示，与现场试验爆破参数一致，起爆方式为孔底起爆。
根据工程经验公式计算结果，确定合理的超钻深度范围h=0.6~1.4 m，数值计算中超深分别取值0.4 m、0.6 m、0.8 m、1.0 m、1.2 m、1.4 m，共进行6次建模计算。从6次计算中，选取典型剖面根底形态，重点进行对比分析。
建立单排四孔模型，考虑沿x轴的对称性，建立二分之一模型，连续耦合装药，下部保留岩体厚度10 m。在模型的对称边界施加对称约束，在下底面和两外侧面施加无反射约束，底部加全约束，模型如图1（a）所示，装药结构如图1（b）。
（2）模型材料参数
炸药采用MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN模型和EOS_JWL状态方程，岩体的材料模型为自定义的损伤模型，炸药和岩体具体参数如表2、表3。
2.3　数值计算结果分析
对于不同的超钻深度，计算结果分别如图2（a）至（f）所示。
如图3，云图中两炮孔间蓝色部分为未充分破碎的岩体，即残余的根底部分，而黑色线虚（台阶底盘标线）以上蓝色部分即为爆后新台阶面的起伏分布图像。将数值模拟计算结果从三个方面进行量化分析，并汇总于表4，由图2和表4可知，在相同岩性和相同爆破设计参数除超钻深度不同的条件下，炮孔超钻深度对炮孔间岩体的损伤范围有显著的影响。当钻孔超深采用0.4 m时，爆后台阶面上明显出现根底，根底超过台阶面设计高度0.47 m，根底率为3.92%，最大起伏高程差为1.0 m，说明超深过小，作用于孔底岩体上的爆炸能量不足以克服岩体间的夹制作用，形成较大根底。将超深逐渐增大，计算结果显示，超深自0.6 m增大至1.0 m，底部装药量随之增加，孔底的爆炸荷载增强，使得用于破碎孔底岩体的爆炸能增多，当与孔底岩体夹制作用接近临界平衡状态时，根底趋于消失，同时不会剩余多余的爆炸能量破坏保留岩体。当钻孔超深超过1 m时，在1.2 m和1.4 m的工况中，虽然不再有根底，但出现了超挖现象，下一台阶面的保留岩体出现了不同程度的损伤。
由数值计算结果可得，对于此种爆破方案，从根底控制的角度考虑，超深1.0 m为最优设计取值。
3　基于根底控制的最优超深工程应用
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3.1　台阶爆破工程背景
湖北鄂州走马湖水系综合治理工程（机场配套工程）为全球第四、全国第一大货运机场鄂州顺丰机场的设计施工总承包先导工程，拟开挖的土石方总量约为5×107 m3。工程现场基本采用露天台阶爆破的手段进行石方开挖，现场开挖石方量大，爆破作业范围广且地质条件较为复杂，多采用中深孔台阶爆破技术，台阶高度为6~12 m。为提高试验的针对性并能有效验证理论数值研究结果，现场试验的爆破设计参数与数值模拟模型参数均一致（如图4），台阶高度12 m，钻孔超深采用数值计算中确定的最优超深值1.0 m。
3.2　现场试验及效果评价
按照超钻深度1.0 m的爆破方案，进行了现场爆破，得到爆后新台阶面的实景图片，如图5所示，台阶面平整度良好，无明显根底和超挖现象，数值计算结果的准确性得到了较好的验证。
4　结论
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（1）基于岩石损伤力学和断裂力学等基本理论，结合工程中岩体损伤变量与纵波波速间的统计分析，得到了岩体损伤评价指标的具体参数，确定岩体开始发生损伤的临界损伤变量阈值Dd为0.2，进入破碎状态的临界损伤阈值Dt为0.8。
（2）总结出一种基于根底控制的超深优选方法，如图6所示，先通过经验公式确定超深范围并设计所需精度的超深工况，然后在综合考虑拉压损伤效应的岩石动力损伤模型的基础上，利用LS-DYNA动力有限元软件，提取数值计算结果的损伤云图，绘制出爆后新台阶面的起伏分布图像，并以此进行量化分析得到根底率和起伏高差，最后得到了基于根底控制的最优超深取值。
（3）该方法的可行性得到了工程现场试验的验证，相比传统经验公式给出的超深范围，本文中提出的结合工程经验与数值计算融合的超深优选方法更为精确、更具可靠性。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51904210)
  • 江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室、江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金资助(PBSKL2022D07)
  • 爆破工程湖北省重点实验室基金项目(BL2021-11)
  • 湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)
文献
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2024年第41卷第1期
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文章信息
doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.007
  • 接收时间：2023-09-04
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2024-03-01
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  • 收稿日期：2023-09-04
基金
Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(51904210)
国家自然科学基金项目(51904210)
State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting and Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University(PBSKL2022D07)
江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室、江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金资助(PBSKL2022D07)
State Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, Hubei Province(BL2021-11)
爆破工程湖北省重点实验室基金项目(BL2021-11)
Major State Research Development Program of Hubei Province(2020BCA084)
湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)
作者信息
    1a.江汉大学　精细爆破国家重点实验室，武汉　430056
    1b.江汉大学　爆破工程湖北省重点实验室，武汉　430056
    2.武汉爆破有限公司，武汉　430056
    3.武汉科技大学　理学院，武汉　430065
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