Article(id=1241769332804489464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1681574400000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990479899, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1709222400000, pubDateStr=2024-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990479899, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990479899, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990479899, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241769329201578292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990479040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992264087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=120, endPage=126, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241769335337849177, articleId=1241769332804489464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Blasting Demolition of 180 m Chimney with Herringbone Lining in Complex Environment, columnId=1240702072073548400, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the blasting demolition problems of a 180 m reinforced concrete chimney in Wuhan Iron and Steel plant, which contains a herringbone large volume lining and an adjacent gas pipe, the feasibility of the optimization scheme of “digging large arched guide window and raising blasting incision” was demonstrated by the ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software. The calculation results show that the collapse and accumulation speed of the inner lining is obviously greater than the closing speed of the blasting incision after it is generated. Meanwhile, the chimney may not be topple over under the influence of the accumulation body by using a general directional dumping scheme. However, the chimney will collapse by raising the height of blasting incision to 5.6 m and digging a large arched guide window which is 6.09 m wide and 8 m high. In addition, to ensure a good effect of blasting demolition, the auxiliary measures of mechanically removing the lining around the blasting incision and covering the surface of the blasting incision and gas pipeline with flexible protective layers composed of safety nets, barbed wires, geogrids and other composite materials were put forward. The actual demolition blasting results show that the chimney collapse process is smooth after the incision detonation, and the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the actual situation. At the same time, the gap between the chimney root cylinder wall and the ground is filled with the accumulated objects after the collapse, and there is no damage to the adjacent gas pipe. Besides, the excavation of the oversized arched guide window not only realizes the relief of the accumulation materials, but also greatly reduces the workload of charging and protection.

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CHEN De-zhi (1970-), male, professor of engineering, doctoral degree, mainly engaged in blasting engineering and R&D of blasting technology, (E-mail)
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针对武汉钢铁厂二烧180 m钢筋混凝土烟囱具有内含人字墙、大体积内衬及临近煤气管道的爆破拆除难题,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件论证了“开凿超大拱形导向窗,提高爆破切口”优化方案的可行性。计算结果表明:爆破切口产生后,内衬的垮塌堆积速度明显大于爆破切口的闭合速度。采用一般定向倾倒方案时,烟囱在堆积体的影响下有炸而不倒的风险。而将爆破切口高度提高至5.6 m,同时开凿6.09 m宽、8 m高的超大拱形导向窗的方案能够确保烟囱整体倒塌。此外,为确保拆除爆破良好,提出了采用机械清除爆破切口周边内衬,并在爆破切口及煤气管道表面覆盖由安全网、铁丝网、土工格栅等多种复合材料组成的柔性防护层的辅助措施。实际拆除爆破结果表明:切口起爆后烟囱倒塌过程平稳顺利,数值模拟结果与实际情况较为吻合,且倒塌后烟囱根部筒壁与地面间空隙被堆积物体完全填充,临近煤气管道未出现损害。此外,开凿超大拱形导向窗不仅实现了对砌体堆积的疏导,还能够大大减少装药、防护工作量,该优化方案可为类似烟囱的爆破拆除提供参考。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈德志(1970-),男,正高级工程师、博士,主要从事爆破工程及爆破技术研发,(E-mail)
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袁方(1998-),男,硕士研究生,从事爆破技术研究,(E-mail)

YUAN Fang (1998-), male, master degree candidate, engaged in research on blasting technology, (E-mail) .

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袁方(1998-),男,硕士研究生,从事爆破技术研究,(E-mail)

YUAN Fang (1998-), male, master degree candidate, engaged in research on blasting technology, (E-mail) .

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袁方(1998-),男,硕士研究生,从事爆破技术研究,(E-mail)

YUAN Fang (1998-), male, master degree candidate, engaged in research on blasting technology, (E-mail) .

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Demolition of a 150 m and two 210 m high chimneys by directional blasting with+40 m high-level cut, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241769354744893762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332804489464, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=8, pageStart=160, pageEnd=174, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=25, authorNames=孙金山, 谢先启, 贾永胜, journalName=爆炸与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙金山, 谢先启, 贾永胜, . 钢筋混凝土烟囱爆破拆除的下坐及早期断裂预测[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2022, 42(8): 160-174., articleTitle=钢筋混凝土烟囱爆破拆除的下坐及早期断裂预测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241769356288397639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332804489464, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=8, pageStart=160, pageEnd=174, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=SUN Jin-shan, XIE Xian-qi, JIA Yong-sheng, journalName=Explosion and Shock, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Jin-shan, XIE Xian-qi, JIA Yong-sheng, et al. Lowering and early fracture prediction of blasting demolition of reinforced concrete chimneys[J]. Explosion and Shock, 2022, 42(8): 160-174. 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Blasting design parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破拆除方案切口形状切口圆心角切口高度定向窗导向窗内衬及人字墙处理
通常方案正梯形215°4.50 m直角三角形预处理部分与爆破切口同时删除
改进方案正梯形215°5.60 m直角三角形8 m高超大拱形导向窗预处理部分与爆破切口同时删除
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349330047063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332804489464, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

爆破参数设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破拆除方案切口形状切口圆心角切口高度定向窗导向窗内衬及人字墙处理
通常方案正梯形215°4.50 m直角三角形预处理部分与爆破切口同时删除
改进方案正梯形215°5.60 m直角三角形8 m高超大拱形导向窗预处理部分与爆破切口同时删除
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349439098978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332804489464, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Blasting design parameters

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炮孔位置壁厚/m孔深/m孔距/m排距/m孔数单孔装药量/g单耗/(kg·m-3总装药量/kg
1~3排0.600.430.500.401202502.0830.00
4~9排0.600.450.500.402323002.5069.60
10~15排0.600.400.500.401342001.6726.80
人字墙0.350.230.300.2048150/7.20
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349590093929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332804489464, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

爆破参数设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮孔位置壁厚/m孔深/m孔距/m排距/m孔数单孔装药量/g单耗/(kg·m-3总装药量/kg
1~3排0.600.430.500.401202502.0830.00
4~9排0.600.450.500.402323002.5069.60
10~15排0.600.400.500.401342001.6726.80
人字墙0.350.230.300.2048150/7.20
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复杂环境下含人字形内衬的180 m烟囱爆破拆除
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袁方 1 , 罗鹏 1, 2a , 王威 3 , 陈德志 1, 3 , 黄小武 3 , 杨坤 1 , 吴赛格 2b
爆破 | 拆除爆破 2024,41(1): 120-126
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爆破 | 拆除爆破 2024, 41(1): 120-126
复杂环境下含人字形内衬的180 m烟囱爆破拆除
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袁方1 , 罗鹏1, 2a, 王威3, 陈德志1, 3 , 黄小武3, 杨坤1, 吴赛格2b
作者信息
  • 1.江汉大学 精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
  • 2a.武汉科技大学 理学院,武汉 430081
  • 2b.武汉科技大学 资源与环境工程学院,武汉 430081
  • 3.武汉爆破有限公司,武汉 430056
  • 袁方(1998-),男,硕士研究生,从事爆破技术研究,(E-mail)

    YUAN Fang (1998-), male, master degree candidate, engaged in research on blasting technology, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

陈德志(1970-),男,正高级工程师、博士,主要从事爆破工程及爆破技术研发,(E-mail)
Blasting Demolition of 180 m Chimney with Herringbone Lining in Complex Environment
Fang YUAN1 , Peng LUO1, 2a, Wei WANG3, De-zhi CHEN1, 3 , Xiao-Wu HUANG3, Kun YANG1, Sai-ge WU2b
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • 2a.College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
  • 2b.School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
  • 3.Wuhan Explosion and Blasting Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430056, China
出版时间: 2024-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.017
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针对武汉钢铁厂二烧180 m钢筋混凝土烟囱具有内含人字墙、大体积内衬及临近煤气管道的爆破拆除难题,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件论证了“开凿超大拱形导向窗,提高爆破切口”优化方案的可行性。计算结果表明:爆破切口产生后,内衬的垮塌堆积速度明显大于爆破切口的闭合速度。采用一般定向倾倒方案时,烟囱在堆积体的影响下有炸而不倒的风险。而将爆破切口高度提高至5.6 m,同时开凿6.09 m宽、8 m高的超大拱形导向窗的方案能够确保烟囱整体倒塌。此外,为确保拆除爆破良好,提出了采用机械清除爆破切口周边内衬,并在爆破切口及煤气管道表面覆盖由安全网、铁丝网、土工格栅等多种复合材料组成的柔性防护层的辅助措施。实际拆除爆破结果表明:切口起爆后烟囱倒塌过程平稳顺利,数值模拟结果与实际情况较为吻合,且倒塌后烟囱根部筒壁与地面间空隙被堆积物体完全填充,临近煤气管道未出现损害。此外,开凿超大拱形导向窗不仅实现了对砌体堆积的疏导,还能够大大减少装药、防护工作量,该优化方案可为类似烟囱的爆破拆除提供参考。

钢筋混凝土烟囱  /  定向爆破  /  超大拱形导向窗

Aiming at the blasting demolition problems of a 180 m reinforced concrete chimney in Wuhan Iron and Steel plant, which contains a herringbone large volume lining and an adjacent gas pipe, the feasibility of the optimization scheme of “digging large arched guide window and raising blasting incision” was demonstrated by the ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software. The calculation results show that the collapse and accumulation speed of the inner lining is obviously greater than the closing speed of the blasting incision after it is generated. Meanwhile, the chimney may not be topple over under the influence of the accumulation body by using a general directional dumping scheme. However, the chimney will collapse by raising the height of blasting incision to 5.6 m and digging a large arched guide window which is 6.09 m wide and 8 m high. In addition, to ensure a good effect of blasting demolition, the auxiliary measures of mechanically removing the lining around the blasting incision and covering the surface of the blasting incision and gas pipeline with flexible protective layers composed of safety nets, barbed wires, geogrids and other composite materials were put forward. The actual demolition blasting results show that the chimney collapse process is smooth after the incision detonation, and the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the actual situation. At the same time, the gap between the chimney root cylinder wall and the ground is filled with the accumulated objects after the collapse, and there is no damage to the adjacent gas pipe. Besides, the excavation of the oversized arched guide window not only realizes the relief of the accumulation materials, but also greatly reduces the workload of charging and protection.

reinforced concrete chimney  /  directional blasting  /  oversized arched guide windows
袁方, 罗鹏, 王威, 陈德志, 黄小武, 杨坤, 吴赛格. 复杂环境下含人字形内衬的180 m烟囱爆破拆除. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (1) : 120 -126 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.017
Fang YUAN, Peng LUO, Wei WANG, De-zhi CHEN, Xiao-Wu HUANG, Kun YANG, Sai-ge WU. Blasting Demolition of 180 m Chimney with Herringbone Lining in Complex Environment[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (1) : 120 -126 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.017
在烟囱的爆破拆除中,关键是要详细了解被爆烟囱的结构、构造,有针对性地设计切口参数并做好预处理工作[1]。李飞在进行一座钢内筒烟囱的爆破拆除时[2],分别在内外筒壁上设置爆破切口,并使用钢丝绳加强内外筒壁间连接。陈德志通过预处理破坏井字梁倒塌方向部分[3],并将导向窗抬高以打断圈梁,实现了一座210 m烟囱的爆破拆除。谢钱斌采用三种不同的内衬预处理方式[4],实现了三座烟囱的爆破拆除,引爆前三座烟囱内衬均未发生垮塌。张建华在进行某座烟囱的爆破方案设计时[5],采用数值模拟方法对两种爆破方案进行比较,并通过模拟进一步优化设计方案,取得了较好的拆除效果。
以武汉钢铁厂二烧180 m烟囱爆破拆除工程为背景,针对人字形隔墙及内衬体量大,容易造成炸而不倒事故的难点,通过数值模拟计算对两种爆破方案进行分析比较,优化切口设计。针对性地提高爆破切口高度,开凿超大拱形导向窗,并采用机械方法拆除部分内衬,实现了该烟囱的安全、高效拆除。
待拆除烟囱位于武汉市武钢炼铁厂二烧处。烟囱西北方向6 m处有一煤气管廊,内有三种不同尺寸的煤气管道,其外径由上至下分别为3.2 m、2.2 m、0.9 m;东南方向91 m、112 m处有两台除尘变压器;东北方向114 m及西南方向106 m处分别有铁路线。烟囱周围环境平面示意图如图1所示。
该烟囱地面以上标高180 m,筒身采用C30混凝土整体滑模浇筑,配双层钢筋,隔热层为水泥膨胀珍珠岩块,内衬采用黏土质耐火砖砌筑。烟囱底部外半径为8.98 m,壁厚0.6 m,顶部外半径为3.96 m。+110 m、+113.75 m标高处各有一信号平台。筒身共有3个烟道口,分别位于+1.85 m标高处(东北方向,宽2.5 m,高4.8 m)、+8.95 m标高处(南方向,宽2.5 m,高4.8 m)、+17.15 m标高处(西南方向,宽2.5 m,高4.8 m)。为使三个烟道口能够独立工作,烟囱内采用耐火砖砌筑有25 m高人字形隔墙,将烟囱底部空间分为三份。
结合待拆除烟囱的结构特点及周边环境,本工程难点如下:
(1)该烟囱内衬隔热层及人字形隔墙体积超1800 m3,在爆破坍塌过程中容易在烟囱底部产生堆积,阻碍烟囱偏转产生倾覆力矩的过程,有炸而不倒风险。
(2)在爆破施工及起爆期间,钢铁厂内煤气管道仍需保持工作,对爆破安全及振动、飞石控制要求高。
考虑到烟囱内衬及人字形隔墙体积较大,爆破过程中砌体结构垮塌产生的堆积会阻碍烟囱的偏转过程,采用经验公式计算得出的爆破参数可能不足以满足烟囱的整体倾倒,为此针对性设计超大拱形导向窗方案。
为研究超大拱形导向窗对烟囱爆破效果的影响,建立烟囱外壁、钢筋、内衬及人字形隔墙的1∶1模型,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值仿真软件分别对一般定向倾倒方案和改进后开凿超大拱形导向窗方案进行仿真分析。
其中烟囱及地面采用3D SOLID 164进行建模及网格划分,钢筋采用3D BEAM 161单元进行建模及网格划分。采用*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC定义烟囱及钢筋材料,采用*MAT_RIGID定义地面为刚体,本次模拟中未考虑减震堤。采用*LOAD_BODY_GENERALIZED为烟囱部分施加竖向重力,采用*MAT_ADD_EROSION控制切口部分单元失效以模拟切口起爆及预处理过程,并对钢筋-筒壁、烟囱-地面间的接触进行定义[6,7]
两方案爆破切口设计参数如表1所示。见图2
模拟倒塌过程如图2所示。
从倒塌过程可以看出,烟囱内衬的垮塌速度明显大于爆破切口的闭合速度,两种方案中爆破切口尚未完全闭合时垮塌的内衬已经产生堆积。采用通常定向倾倒方案时,在堆积的内衬结构的阻碍下,烟囱顶部偏转3.41 m后停止运动,此时烟囱重心偏移1.02 m,尚未超出烟囱筒壁范围,无法产生足够倾覆力矩。采用开凿超大拱形导向窗方案时,烟囱底部依然会有内衬堆积体,但由于爆破切口高度有所提升,且开凿有超大拱形导向窗,烟囱筒身仍然能够保持偏转趋势,进而实现整体倒塌。
对比两种方案倒塌过程,采用4.5 m高正梯形爆破切口时,坍塌形成的内衬、人字墙堆积体会阻碍爆破切口的闭合与倾覆力矩的产生,存在炸而不倒风险。而提高爆破切口,并配合开凿超大拱形导向窗则能够实现烟囱的整体倒塌。
根据待拆除烟囱的结构特点、周边环境、以往工程经验及数值模拟结果,采用“开凿超大拱形导向窗,向东南方向整体倒塌”的方案[8-10]
高大烟囱在爆破作业中,较为理想的爆破切口线是使烟囱在爆破初始阶段倾倒较为平稳缓慢,决定采用正梯形爆破切口:
切口圆心角根据相似工程经验取215°,经计算,爆破切口形成后余留截面承受的压应力为7.18 MPa,小于C30混凝土的抗压强度,余留截面能够支撑烟囱倒塌而不引起后坐[11]
对于钢筋混凝土烟囱,切口高度的选取一般由H=(1/6~1/4)D计算得出,由于本工程烟囱内人字形隔墙的存在,参考数值模拟结果,切口高度H取5.60 m,以抵抗内衬及隔墙垮塌后发生堆积而影响切口闭合及倾覆力矩形成的不利影响。
定向窗为直角三角形,底边长3.80 m,高2.19 m,夹角30°,开设在+0.5 m标高处,采用绳锯切割成型[12]
为抵抗内衬堆积体产生的不利影响,开凿超大拱形导向窗,导向窗下部为矩形,宽6.09 m,高5.60 m;上部为拱形,宽6.09 m,高2.40 m。
爆破切口如图3所示。
爆破切口范围内共布置15排炮孔,爆破区域中层防护效果较好,采用加强炮孔。炮孔深度由L=(0.6~0.85)δ计算得出,孔距a=0.50 m,排距b=0.40 m,炸药单耗q=1.56~3.13 kg/m3,单孔装药量Q=200~300 g。
爆破切口范围内内衬在事先采用机械手段清除,在余留的人字墙上布置4排炮孔进行爆破破坏,炮孔深度L=0.23 m,孔距a=0.3 m,排距b=0.20 m,单孔装药量Q=150 g。
各排炮孔参数如表2所示。
采用非电导爆管微差起爆系统,分二段起爆。爆破切口中间采用MS-1段导爆管雷管,两侧采用MS-3段导爆管雷管,每个炮孔内装1~2发雷管,联接形成交叉复式网路。
在人字形隔墙临近导向窗的两面墙上机械破坏出一拱形洞口,并打断拱形区域内圈梁;在第三面隔墙上钻凿多排炮孔,装药填塞后接入主起爆网路;将预处理过程中产生的废渣、砖块等全部清运至烟囱外。人字形隔墙预处理效果如图4所示。
在装药部位悬挂包裹10层2000目安全网、1层铁丝网、2层45 kN双向拉伸塑料土工格栅及1层土工布,最后在防护层外悬挂2层6针密目防晒网,防止爆破飞石飞出。
沿烟囱倾倒方向90 m、120 m、150 m、190 m处堆设缓冲层,在缓冲层顶部堆沙袋并覆盖防晒网,减小烟囱触地引起的振动。
在煤气管道外覆盖4层6针防晒网、2层45 kN双向拉伸塑料土工格栅、2层6针防晒网,防止受到反冲飞石伤害[13]
烟囱爆破拆除设计参数与数值模拟开凿超大拱形导向窗方案一致,选取该方案中烟囱外壁、内衬处部分节点,读取其位移及速度时程曲线,输出数据并使用origin软件绘图,如图5图6所示,可进一步分析烟囱的倒塌过程。
通过图5(a)可知,在切口形成约1.7 s内,烟囱竖直方向速度时程曲线趋近水平,此阶段对应中性轴转移过程,随后爆破切口逐渐闭合,在3.2~5 s时间段内烟囱平稳下坐并逐渐形成倒塌趋势,而后加速倾倒,10.7 s时烟囱顶部触地破坏,数值模拟计算得出此时烟囱顶部速度为77 m/s,筒壁触地前冲10.8 m后趋于平稳,无后坐产生。
图5(b)可知,至完全倒塌时烟囱顶部发生3.82 m偏移,偏转角度约1°,定向较为准确。
通过图6可知,在0~3.5 s内,烟囱整体逐渐形成倾倒趋势,此时内衬的运动情况与烟囱基本一致,3.5~7.5 s内,内衬结构逐渐垮塌,中下段内衬垮塌后在烟囱根部产生约6.2 m高堆积体,顶部内衬则随烟囱外壁向定向倒塌方向倾倒。
对比烟囱数值模拟与实际倒塌过程,如图7所示。
烟囱实际倒塌过程历时11 s,倒塌进行至9 s时烟囱筒壁+110 m信号平台处发生断裂,推测是烟囱倒塌过程中烟囱在惯性力作用下出现较高的竖向动荷载,加之此断面筒壁较薄弱,因此诱发了筒壁的断裂,但断裂发生较晚,对烟囱整体倒塌过程没有明显影响[14]。数值模拟计算中烟囱倒塌过程历时约12.5 s,模拟计算效果较为理想。
爆破后烟囱筒体破碎均匀,周边建(构)筑物均未损伤,无后坐现象产生,烟囱根部破碎筒壁与地面间空隙被碎砖块完全填充,与数值模拟结果一致,烟囱根部爆堆高度约3.5 m,这是由于预处理阶段清除了较多砌体,剩余的内衬结构倒塌后经过超大拱形导向窗的分流,大大降低了堆积高度,但烟囱倒塌后根部仍呈现完全填充状态。爆堆情况如图8所示。
经过本次180 m烟囱爆破拆除,思考得出以下收获:
(1)采用数值模拟方法对爆破方案进行验证是有必要的,针对待爆建(构)筑物的特殊结构、构造设计相应方案,对于规避爆破风险,提高工作效率有积极作用。
(2)开凿超大拱形导向窗,能够有效减少钻孔装药工作量,在提高施工效率、促使烟囱顺利倒塌方面均有积极作用。
(3)在保证烟囱主体稳定的前提下对内部特殊结构进行预处理后,对烟囱的倒塌更为有利。
(4)多层柔性材质组合而成的覆盖式防护体对爆破飞石、反冲飞石能够产生有效的抑制。
  • 湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)
  • 湖北省自然科学基金面上项目(2021CFB541)
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2024年第41卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.017
  • 接收时间:2023-04-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-16
基金
Hubei Province Key R&D Program(2020BCA084)
湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)
Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2021CFB541)
湖北省自然科学基金面上项目(2021CFB541)
作者信息
    1.江汉大学 精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
    2a.武汉科技大学 理学院,武汉 430081
    2b.武汉科技大学 资源与环境工程学院,武汉 430081
    3.武汉爆破有限公司,武汉 430056

通讯作者:

陈德志(1970-),男,正高级工程师、博士,主要从事爆破工程及爆破技术研发,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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Number of
genus
种数
Number of
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种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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