Article(id=1241769332598968567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1698595200000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990479850, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1709222400000, pubDateStr=2024-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990479850, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990479850, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990479850, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241769329201578292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990479040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992264087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=98, endPage=105, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241769334872281404, articleId=1241769332598968567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Efficient Blasting Demolition of Frame-shear Structure Buildings in Mountain City, columnId=1240702072073548400, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Most of the buildings in the mountain city area are built on leaning the mountains, with the characteristics of uneven terrain, scattered architectural layoutscattered layout of buildings and complex surrounding environment. In a certain area of Chongqing, there are were 10 frame-shear wall structure illegal buildings with a frame-shear structure that need to be demolished. Due to the requirements of construction safety and progress, single incision directional blasting demolition is was determinedadopted. Combined withBased on related the practice experience of blasting demolition project, according to the plane position, spatial distribution characteristics and surrounding environment of 10 illegal buildings, thean corresponding overall blasting scheme is was put forward according to the plane positionlayout, spatial distribution characteristics and surrounding environment of the 10 illegal buildings. And optimizing construction organization, tThe blasting demolition task of this building group is was completed safely and efficiently in three times within 15 days under an optimizding construction organization. In view of the environmental factors such as high and steep rock slopes, valleys and scarps that which affect the collapse of the building and the blasting effect, the directional collapse of the buildings can bewere reliably guaranteed by optimizing the blasting incisions, reserving buffer layers, and rationally designing blasting parameters. Through the rational reasonable design of the partition sections and delay times of firing circuitthe initiation network, and efficient organization of the circuit connection operations, the athe reliable delay initiation of large-scale industrial electronic detonator network is was realized. Finally, the collapse accumulation range and blasting harmful effects of building arewere effectively controlled. The collapse of eEach building is was fully disintegrated, the blasting heap piles fragments arewere concentrated, and all kinds of surrounding protection objects are were safe. The engineering practice results show that the initiation network of industrial electronic detonators initiation network can meet the needs of multi-unit and multi-level large-scale initiation network, which provides an important reference for similar projects.

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山城地区的房屋大多依山而建,具有地势高低不平、建筑布置错落和周边环境复杂等特点。重庆市某地区有10栋框剪结构违章建筑需要拆除,因施工安全、进度等要求,确定选用单切口定向爆破拆除方式。结合爆破拆除工程实践,根据10栋违建群楼的平面位置、空间分布特点和周边环境,提出了相应的总体爆破方案,优化施工组织,在15 d内分3次安全高效地完成了群楼爆破拆除任务。针对影响楼房倒塌及爆破效果的高陡岩质边坡、山谷和陡坎等环境因素,通过优化爆破切口、预留缓冲层,合理设计爆破孔网参数等技术手段,可靠保证了楼房的定向倒塌。通过合理设计起爆网路的分区和延时,并高效地组织组网连接操作,实现了大规模工业电子雷管同网延时可靠起爆。最终有效控制了楼房的倒塌堆积范围和爆破有害效应,各楼房倒塌解体充分,爆堆集中,周边各类保护对象均安然无恙。工程实践结果表明:工业电子雷管起爆网路可满足多单元、多层次的大规模起爆网路需求,为类似工程提供了重要借鉴。

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贾永胜(1970-),男,教授、工学博士,主要从事工程爆破研究与实践工作,(E-mail)

JIA Yong-sheng (1970-), male, professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in engineering blasting research and practice work, (E-mail) .

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贾永胜(1970-),男,教授、工学博士,主要从事工程爆破研究与实践工作,(E-mail)

JIA Yong-sheng (1970-), male, professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in engineering blasting research and practice work, (E-mail) .

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贾永胜(1970-),男,教授、工学博士,主要从事工程爆破研究与实践工作,(E-mail)

JIA Yong-sheng (1970-), male, professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in engineering blasting research and practice work, (E-mail) .

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Application of electronic detonator in blasting demolition of dense buildings[J]. Mining Technology, 2018, 18(5): 106-109. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Application of electronic detonator in blasting demolition of dense buildings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241769354522595638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332598968567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=27, authorNames=黄小武, 贾永胜, 孙金山, journalName=工程爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄小武, 贾永胜, 孙金山, . 工业电子雷管在拆除爆破中的应用[J/OL]. 工程爆破: 1-9. 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articleId=1241769332598968567, language=CN, label=图8, caption=爆破效果, figureFileSmall=jmAEC1S078XxxTSIURX7nw==, figureFileBig=hnOSYNs6KqhfRObosLRvww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769347933344747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332598968567, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Overall blasting scheme of group the buildings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破次序分项工程施工工期/d爆破方案
第1次爆破云顶酒店2栋楼房520号楼19号楼,楼栋之间延时700 ms,大切口依次向南定向倒塌。
第2次爆破云端花园3栋楼房713-2号楼13-1号楼12号楼,楼栋之间延时200 ms、500 ms,依次向南定向倒塌。
第3次爆破花漾山谷5栋楼房81号楼2号楼3号楼4号楼5号楼,楼栋之间延时500 ms,依次向东定向倒塌。
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348017230837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332598968567, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

群楼总体爆破方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破次序分项工程施工工期/d爆破方案
第1次爆破云顶酒店2栋楼房520号楼19号楼,楼栋之间延时700 ms,大切口依次向南定向倒塌。
第2次爆破云端花园3栋楼房713-2号楼13-1号楼12号楼,楼栋之间延时200 ms、500 ms,依次向南定向倒塌。
第3次爆破花漾山谷5栋楼房81号楼2号楼3号楼4号楼5号楼,楼栋之间延时500 ms,依次向东定向倒塌。
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348138865660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332598968567, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Blasting incision and damage height of columns in buildings of Yunding Hotel (unit: m)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层轴号
A D E F G J
5F---0.90.90.9
4F---0.90.90.9
3F--0.90.91.21.2
2F--0.91.21.51.5
1F-0.91.51.52.12.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348264693766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332598968567, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

云顶酒店楼房爆破切口区域及立柱破坏高度(单位:m)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层轴号
A D E F G J
5F---0.90.90.9
4F---0.90.90.9
3F--0.90.91.21.2
2F--0.91.21.51.5
1F-0.91.51.52.12.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348390522898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332598968567, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Blasting incision and damage height of columns in buildings of Yunduan Garden (unit: m)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层轴号
M L H B A
4F---0.90.9
3F---1.21.2
2F--0.91.51.5
1F-0.61.52.12.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348516352026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332598968567, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

云端花园楼房爆破切口区域及立柱破坏高度(单位:m)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层轴号
M L H B A
4F---0.90.9
3F---1.21.2
2F--0.91.51.5
1F-0.61.52.12.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348604432421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332598968567, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Blasting incision and damage height of columns in buildings of Huayang Valley (unit: m)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层轴号
D C B A
2F--1.21.2
1F-0.91.51.5
-1F--2.12.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348717678636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332598968567, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

花漾山谷楼房爆破切口区域及立柱破坏高度(单位:m)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层轴号
D C B A
2F--1.21.2
1F-0.91.51.5
-1F--2.12.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348856090680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332598968567, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Blasting parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件类型尺寸/mm最小抵抗线w/cm孔距a/cm排距b/cm孔深l/cm单耗K/(g·m-3单孔药量q/g布孔方式
立柱400×6002030/371389100单排布孔
300×6001530/35138975单排布孔
300×70015303018148140梅花形布孔
400×7002030/421428120单排布孔
350×50017.530/30142975单排布孔
400×5002030/30125075单排布孔
500×5002530/321333100单排布孔
500×8002530/501250150单排布孔
600×8003030/521389200单排布孔
800×8004030/561563300单排布孔
700×12003530/81/701587400/200梅花形布孔
剪力墙20010303013166730梅花形布孔
30015303018148140梅花形布孔
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348973531197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332598968567, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

爆破参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件类型尺寸/mm最小抵抗线w/cm孔距a/cm排距b/cm孔深l/cm单耗K/(g·m-3单孔药量q/g布孔方式
立柱400×6002030/371389100单排布孔
300×6001530/35138975单排布孔
300×70015303018148140梅花形布孔
400×7002030/421428120单排布孔
350×50017.530/30142975单排布孔
400×5002030/30125075单排布孔
500×5002530/321333100单排布孔
500×8002530/501250150单排布孔
600×8003030/521389200单排布孔
800×8004030/561563300单排布孔
700×12003530/81/701587400/200梅花形布孔
剪力墙20010303013166730梅花形布孔
30015303018148140梅花形布孔
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349095166024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332598968567, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Usage statistics of industrial electronic detonators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分项工程雷管总数起爆器数量
云顶酒店6350发23台子机+1台主机
云端花园6861发27台子机+1台主机
花漾山谷5456发19台子机+1台主机
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349179052113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769332598968567, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

工业电子雷管用量统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分项工程雷管总数起爆器数量
云顶酒店6350发23台子机+1台主机
云端花园6861发27台子机+1台主机
花漾山谷5456发19台子机+1台主机
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山城地区框剪结构群楼安全高效爆破拆除
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贾永胜 1, 2 , 刘桂勇 3 , 黄小武 2 , 刘伦志 4 , 伍岳 2 , 陈港 4
爆破 | 拆除爆破 2024,41(1): 98-105
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爆破 | 拆除爆破 2024, 41(1): 98-105
山城地区框剪结构群楼安全高效爆破拆除
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贾永胜1, 2 , 刘桂勇3, 黄小武2, 刘伦志4, 伍岳2, 陈港4
作者信息
  • 1.江汉大学 精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
  • 2.武汉爆破有限公司,武汉 430056
  • 3.重庆市公安局治安总队,重庆 401147
  • 4.云阳县公安局治安大队,云阳 404500
  • 贾永胜(1970-),男,教授、工学博士,主要从事工程爆破研究与实践工作,(E-mail)

    JIA Yong-sheng (1970-), male, professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in engineering blasting research and practice work, (E-mail) .

Efficient Blasting Demolition of Frame-shear Structure Buildings in Mountain City
Yong-sheng JIA1, 2 , Gui-yong LIU3, Xiao-wu HUANG2, Lun-zhi LIU4, Yue WU2, Gang CHEN4
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • 2.Wuhan Explosion & Blasting Co.,, Ltd., Wuhan 430056, China
  • 3.Security Corps of Chongqing Municipal Public Security Bureau, Chongqing 401147, China
  • 4.Security Brigade of Yunyang District Municipal Public Security Bureau, Yunyang 404500, China
出版时间: 2024-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.014
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山城地区的房屋大多依山而建,具有地势高低不平、建筑布置错落和周边环境复杂等特点。重庆市某地区有10栋框剪结构违章建筑需要拆除,因施工安全、进度等要求,确定选用单切口定向爆破拆除方式。结合爆破拆除工程实践,根据10栋违建群楼的平面位置、空间分布特点和周边环境,提出了相应的总体爆破方案,优化施工组织,在15 d内分3次安全高效地完成了群楼爆破拆除任务。针对影响楼房倒塌及爆破效果的高陡岩质边坡、山谷和陡坎等环境因素,通过优化爆破切口、预留缓冲层,合理设计爆破孔网参数等技术手段,可靠保证了楼房的定向倒塌。通过合理设计起爆网路的分区和延时,并高效地组织组网连接操作,实现了大规模工业电子雷管同网延时可靠起爆。最终有效控制了楼房的倒塌堆积范围和爆破有害效应,各楼房倒塌解体充分,爆堆集中,周边各类保护对象均安然无恙。工程实践结果表明:工业电子雷管起爆网路可满足多单元、多层次的大规模起爆网路需求,为类似工程提供了重要借鉴。

爆破拆除  /  框剪结构  /  工业电子雷管  /  爆破效果

Most of the buildings in the mountain city area are built on leaning the mountains, with the characteristics of uneven terrain, scattered architectural layoutscattered layout of buildings and complex surrounding environment. In a certain area of Chongqing, there are were 10 frame-shear wall structure illegal buildings with a frame-shear structure that need to be demolished. Due to the requirements of construction safety and progress, single incision directional blasting demolition is was determinedadopted. Combined withBased on related the practice experience of blasting demolition project, according to the plane position, spatial distribution characteristics and surrounding environment of 10 illegal buildings, thean corresponding overall blasting scheme is was put forward according to the plane positionlayout, spatial distribution characteristics and surrounding environment of the 10 illegal buildings. And optimizing construction organization, tThe blasting demolition task of this building group is was completed safely and efficiently in three times within 15 days under an optimizding construction organization. In view of the environmental factors such as high and steep rock slopes, valleys and scarps that which affect the collapse of the building and the blasting effect, the directional collapse of the buildings can bewere reliably guaranteed by optimizing the blasting incisions, reserving buffer layers, and rationally designing blasting parameters. Through the rational reasonable design of the partition sections and delay times of firing circuitthe initiation network, and efficient organization of the circuit connection operations, the athe reliable delay initiation of large-scale industrial electronic detonator network is was realized. Finally, the collapse accumulation range and blasting harmful effects of building arewere effectively controlled. The collapse of eEach building is was fully disintegrated, the blasting heap piles fragments arewere concentrated, and all kinds of surrounding protection objects are were safe. The engineering practice results show that the initiation network of industrial electronic detonators initiation network can meet the needs of multi-unit and multi-level large-scale initiation network, which provides an important reference for similar projects.

blasting demolition  /  frame-shear structure  /  industrial electronic detonator  /  blasting effect
贾永胜, 刘桂勇, 黄小武, 刘伦志, 伍岳, 陈港. 山城地区框剪结构群楼安全高效爆破拆除. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (1) : 98 -105 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.014
Yong-sheng JIA, Gui-yong LIU, Xiao-wu HUANG, Lun-zhi LIU, Yue WU, Gang CHEN. Efficient Blasting Demolition of Frame-shear Structure Buildings in Mountain City[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (1) : 98 -105 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.014
随着我国城镇化进程不断推进、城中村改造不断加速,一些老旧楼房都将面临拆除重建。同时,自全面实施依法治国战略以来,常有违法、违建房屋需要安全快速拆除。值此新形势下,爆破拆除技术因其具有安全、经济、高效等优点,依然是拆除高层楼房和大规模群楼的首选技术[1]。历经近几十年的革新与发展,爆破拆除理论与技术取得了丰硕的研究成果。有关学者和工程技术人员创新了楼房爆破拆除倒塌设计方法和数值模拟手段[2-5]。先后发展了定向倾倒、原地坍塌、逐跨坍塌、折叠爆破和空中解体等多种楼房倒塌形式[6-8],并在多个实际工程中成功应用。对爆破飞石、塌落振动等爆破有害效应进行了深入的研究[9-11],并提出了行之有效的控制措施。
相比平原地区,在山城地区实施大规模群楼安全高效爆破拆除工程,具有以下特点和难点:(1)房屋建筑依山而建,布置错落,地形起伏,须综合考虑地形、地貌的影响;(2)楼房数量众多,结构形式复杂,须详细优化爆破设计方案;(3)周边房屋密集,环绕山林、道路、坟墓等保护目标,须对倒塌堆积范围和爆破有害效应等进行严格控制;(4)薄壁剪力墙结构的布孔数量多,工业电子雷管用量大,须合理设计起爆网路,确保大规模工业电子雷管起爆网路的可靠性。(5)拆除工期紧张,施工任务量重,须优化爆破设计方案并组织安全高效施工。除了需要克服上述难点之外,工业电子雷管才刚刚兴起[12-14],在实际工程中大规模应用的经验尚不成熟,因此对群楼爆破拆除精细化设计和高效施工提出了更高的要求。
结合重庆市某山城地区10栋框-剪结构楼房爆破拆除工程,针对群楼的平面位置及空间分布状态,分别设计了各楼房的爆破参数。采用大规模工业电子雷管起爆网路,合理组织施工,安全高效地完成了群楼的爆破拆除任务,可为类似工程提供参考。
爆破拆除的群楼位于重庆市某山城地区,由云顶酒店19、20号两栋楼房,云端花园12、13-1、13-2号三栋楼房和花漾山谷五栋楼房组成。10栋楼房均为框架-剪力墙结构,总建筑面积为43 755.47 m2。群楼主要集中在3处位置,其中,云顶酒店2栋楼房距离云端花园3栋楼房3.6 km,距离花漾山谷5栋楼房5.1 km。根据楼房的平面位置及空间分布情况,群楼拆除分3次实施爆破。项目从方案设计、行政审批、施工准备到爆破完毕,总工期只有15 d。见图1
云顶酒店2栋楼房毗邻歧山草场风景区(4A级),四周有已建成的建筑群。19号楼位于20号楼东侧,楼间距8.5 m。19号楼东侧距离建筑群最近楼房32 m,地下预埋有天然气管道、水管、通信等设施;楼房南侧为山体,距离架空电线25 m,距离小区内部道路7 m;西侧距离2处土坯房137 m;北侧为小区居民楼群,最近距离6号楼28 m。
云端花园13-1、13-2号3栋楼紧邻,13-1号楼距12号楼8.5 m。13-2号楼东侧距离山体最近2.0 m;南侧为小区内部道路及空地,距离山体边坡最近28.0 m;西侧距离11号楼8.5 m;北侧距离山体2.0~3.5 m。
花漾山谷5栋楼房紧邻,东侧为山坡林地,林地下方有3户土坯房,距离爆破楼房距离160 m;南侧为林地和建筑空地;西侧距离小区道路2 m,距离4层楼房11.5 m;北侧为山坡林地,距离装修中的酒店45 m。见图2
云顶酒店2栋楼房结构特征相同,均为9层框架-剪力墙结构(20号楼局部为11层),长34.6 m、宽20.1 m、高29.4 m,主要立柱尺寸为400 mm×600 mm、300 mm×600 mm、300 mm×700 mm、400 mm×700 mm,剪力墙厚度为200 mm和300 mm,总建筑面积10214.3 m2
云端花园3栋楼均为8层框架-剪力墙结构,楼房结构特征相同,长35.6 m、宽16.4 m、高28.5 m,主要立柱尺寸为350 mm×500 mm和400 mm×500 mm,剪力墙厚度为200 mm,总建筑面积11455.44 m2
花漾山谷5栋楼房均为15层框架-剪力墙结构,单栋楼长20.5 m、宽15.6 m、高49.6 m,主要立柱尺寸为500 mm×500 mm、500 mm×800 mm、600 mm×800 mm、800 mm×800 mm和700 mm×1200 mm,剪力墙厚度200 mm,总建筑面积22085.73 m2。楼房-1F和-2F为框架结构,3F~12F为框架-剪力墙结构;-1F为地下车库层,层高4.5 m;-2F为架空层,无楼板,且沿山坡自南向北层高逐渐减低。各楼房平面结构见图3~图5,图中长度单位均为mm。
综合考虑楼房的结构特征和周边环境情况,本项目在技术设计、施工组织和外围协调方面具有以下特点和难点:
(1)项目毗邻国家级地质公园风景区,时值旅游旺季,社会关注度高,安全文明施工要求高。
(2)项目的工期紧、任务重,施工组织难度大。
(3)楼房承重构件主要是薄壁剪力墙结构,炮孔数量多,预处理、装药、联网及防护工作量大,倒塌后不易充分解体。
(4)云顶酒店2栋楼房的高宽比小,采用单切口定向倒塌方式失稳困难,解体效果往往不理想;且在倒塌前方有3 m左右高度的陡坎,会对楼房定向倾倒产生阻碍作用。
(5)云端花园12号楼西侧距离11号楼仅8.5 m,楼体所在高程相差8 m,且楼房背靠高陡岩质边坡,需严格控制楼房倒塌触地过程中诱发的冲击荷载和振动效应。
(6)花漾山谷5栋楼房依山而建,倒塌前方为陡峭的山谷,后方紧邻砌石道路,距离保留楼房仅11.5 m,须严格控制楼体定向倒塌过程中的后坐。
综合考虑群楼的地理位置和工期要求,总体采用“单切口定向倾倒”分3次实施爆破的拆除方案。具体结合楼房的结构特征和周边环境情况,设计如下爆破方案。见表1
云顶酒店2栋楼房爆破切口布设在1~5F层,切口设计如图6(a)所示,切口区域内立柱破坏高度见表2。云端花园3栋楼房爆破切口布设在1~4F层,切口设计如图6(b)所示,切口区域内立柱破坏高度见表3。花漾山谷5栋楼房采用“喇叭型”爆破切口,切口布设在-1~2F层,切口设计如图6(c)所示,切口区域内立柱破坏高度见表4
为确保楼房顺利倒塌,1~2层除支撑区外,其余内墙、外墙全部拆除,切口范围内3层以上的内墙全部拆除,外墙保留。电梯井、楼梯间等部位的剪力墙采取“化墙为柱”的方式进行处理。将云顶酒店2栋楼房1~2F楼梯全部拆除,3~5F楼梯弱化处理;云端花园3栋楼房和花漾山谷5栋楼房爆破切口内的所有楼梯进行弱化处理。
钻孔采用梅花形布孔形式,炮孔直径为40 mm,采用ϕ 32 mm×300 mm的2号岩石乳化炸药进行连续装药。群楼主要立柱及剪力墙爆破参数设计,如表5所示。
3次爆破均采用工业电子雷管起爆网路,根据每次爆破的起爆网路设计方案,将各栋楼房的雷管进行分区连接、扫描注册和精准赋时,再通过级联网路组成一个完整的起爆网路(见图7)。根据大规模起爆网路试验的相关经验[15],每200~400发电子雷管连接1台子机起爆器形成一个起爆网路子网路。最后通过一台主机起爆器级联各个子机起爆器成一个起爆网路总网路,控制多台子机起爆器同时下达起爆指令。3次爆破的起爆网路设计方案如下:
(1)云顶酒店2栋楼房:20号楼19号楼,楼栋之间延时700 ms;单栋楼房层间自下而上依次延时100 ms;层内立柱(剪力墙)每排设为一响,响序之间依次延时200 ms、500 ms、500 ms和500 ms。
(2)云端花园3栋楼房:13-2号楼13-1号楼12号楼,楼栋之间依次延时200 ms、500 ms;单栋楼房层间自下而上依次延时50 ms;层内立柱(剪力墙)每排设为一响,响序之间依次延时200 ms、500 ms、500 ms和500 ms。
(3)花漾山谷5栋楼房:1号楼2号楼3号楼4号楼5号楼,楼栋之间依次延时500 ms;单栋楼层之间自下而上依次延时300 ms、100 ms;层内立柱(剪力墙)每排设为一响,响序之间依次延时500 ms、500 ms。
10栋楼房根据山城地区的地理分布情况,先后分3次爆破,均按设计方向顺利倒塌,安全高效地完成了拆除任务。见图8。通过设计合理的爆破切口和起爆时差,有效克服了地势起伏不平、框剪结构难以解体的难题。3次爆破累计使用了18 667发工业电子雷管,单次起爆电子雷管数量最大达6861发,单次最多使用了28台起爆器(见表6)。通过设计合理的网路分区,并有序地组织网路连接,实现了大规模电子雷管起爆网路可靠准爆。综合采用“覆盖防护与近体防护相结合”等多项技术,有效控制了触地冲击振动和个别飞散物。经爆后检查,各楼房解体充分,爆堆集中,周边各类保护对象均安然无恙。
通过本次山城地区10栋楼房爆破拆除工程实践,可以总结得到以下结论:
(1)单切口定向倒塌爆破拆除技术具有设计简单、施工量少和成本较低等优点,适用于安全快速地爆破拆除周边环境相对简单的建(构)筑物。
(2)山城地区实施群楼爆破拆除要充分考虑高陡边坡、山谷和陡坎等对爆破效果的影响,采用优化爆破切口、合理设置时差和预留缓冲层等技术措施,可有效控制冲击振动效应和倒塌堆积范围。
(3)框剪结构群楼爆破拆除需要根据其结构特点,在确保楼房稳定的前提下充分做好预拆除处理,以减少钻孔数量和炸药用量。同时,需要进一步优化组织协调工作,提高施工效率。
(4)工业电子雷管起爆网路具有时间设置灵活、组网效率高、能可靠检测和延时精度高等优点,可满足多单元、多层次的大规模起爆网路需求,为拆除爆破的起爆网路优化提供了更大的设计空间。
  • 中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2023-XZ-35)
  • 湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)
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2024年第41卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.014
  • 接收时间:2023-10-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-30
基金
Strategic Research and Consulting Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(2023-XZ-35)
中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2023-XZ-35)
Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2020BCA084)
湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)
作者信息
    1.江汉大学 精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
    2.武汉爆破有限公司,武汉 430056
    3.重庆市公安局治安总队,重庆 401147
    4.云阳县公安局治安大队,云阳 404500
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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