Article(id=1241769332083069161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1654531200000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990479727, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1709222400000, pubDateStr=2024-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990479727, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990479727, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990479727, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241769329201578292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990479040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992264087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=178, endPage=185, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241769333874036993, articleId=1241769332083069161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=New Diamond Layout Method for Tunnel Displacement Monitoring, columnId=1240702076553065119, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING SAFETY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A monitoring method based on the characteristics of weak grating sensors is proposed for long-term monitoring of the uneven settlement and horizontal displacement of segments in shield subway tunnels during the operation period. The cable type weak grating sensor is fixed on the wall of the shield tunnel in a diamond patten after prestretching. By monitoring the deformation of the weak grating sensor, the tunnel deformations corresponding to different tunnel structure modes can be distinguished and calculated to meet the real-time and precision requirements for engineering. According to the similarity ratio principle, a 1∶5 tunnel displacement model is designed and manufactured to simulate the local expansion, settlement and horizontal displacement of the tunnel segments. The grating sensors are also fixed on the wall surface of the tunnel model. Sensitivity tests of the weak grating sensors are first conducted before displacement monitoring. Then, the weak grating monitoring results with different diamond layout angles are compared. The following step is to monitor the vertical settlement and horizontal displacement of the tunnel model, which are compared with the actual displacement values. The results show that the strain of weak grating with the diamond layout is larger than that with a linear layout under the same settlement condition, which means the sensitivity of the diamond layout method to settlement change is better than that of traditional linear layout. Furthermore, 10°~20° is the optimal angle interval of the diamond layout for weak grating, for the monitoring result error is low. Additionally, the inversion equation of weak grating wavelength change and segment displacement is established based on the test data of diamond layout with an angle of 15°.

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ZHANG Cong-rui (1991-), male, Ph. D, associate professor/Senior experimentalist, mainly engaged in the research of engineering safety monitoring technology, (E-mail) .
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提出了一种基于弱光栅传感器特性的监测方法,用于长期监测运营期盾构地铁隧道中存在的不均匀沉降和管片水平错动位移。将缆状弱光栅传感器经过预拉伸后,呈菱形固定在盾构隧道的壁面,通过监测弱光栅传感器的形变量,可以判别隧道结构变形的不同模式并计算出隧道变形量,满足工程所需的实时性和精度要求。依据相似比原则,设计制造了1∶5的隧道位移模型,模拟隧道管片的局部伸缩、沉降、水平位移,将光栅传感器固定在壁面上,开展了弱光栅监测灵敏度试验、不同菱形布设角度下弱光栅监测结果对比试验和竖直沉降与水平位移试验,对比监测结果与实际位移量。研究结果表明:①在相同沉降情况下,弱光栅菱形布设时的光栅应变量要大于直线型布设时光栅的应变量,菱形布设方法对沉降量的变化敏感度优于传统直线型布设;②10°~20°为弱光栅菱形布设较优的倾斜角度区间,监测结果误差较低;③以光缆布设倾角为15°的试验数据为基础,建立了弱光栅波长变化与管片位移的反演方程。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张聪瑞(1991-),男,博士、副教授/高级实验师,主要从事工程安全监测技术研究,(E-mail)
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李文彪(1981-),男,硕士、高级工程师,主要从事隧道安全技术研究,(E-mail)

LI Wen-biao (1981-), male, master degree, senior engineer, mainly engaged in the research of tunnel safety technology, (E-mail) .

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李文彪(1981-),男,硕士、高级工程师,主要从事隧道安全技术研究,(E-mail)

LI Wen-biao (1981-), male, master degree, senior engineer, mainly engaged in the research of tunnel safety technology, (E-mail) .

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李文彪(1981-),男,硕士、高级工程师,主要从事隧道安全技术研究,(E-mail)

LI Wen-biao (1981-), male, master degree, senior engineer, mainly engaged in the research of tunnel safety technology, (E-mail) .

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用于隧道位移监测的菱形布设新方法
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李文彪 1 , 石义虎 2a , 刘伟浩 2a , 高云龙 1 , 张聪瑞 2a, 2b , 豆海涛 1 , Kakar SAMI 2a, 2b , 张忠伦 3
爆破 | 安全与管理 2024,41(1): 178-185
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爆破 | 安全与管理 2024, 41(1): 178-185
用于隧道位移监测的菱形布设新方法
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李文彪1 , 石义虎2a, 刘伟浩2a, 高云龙1, 张聪瑞2a, 2b , 豆海涛1, Kakar SAMI2a, 2b, 张忠伦3
作者信息
  • 1.中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,武汉 430063
  • 2a.武汉理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,武汉 430070
  • 2b.武汉理工大学 矿物资源加工与环境湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430070
  • 3.中建材科创新技术研究院(山东)有限公司,枣庄 277100
  • 李文彪(1981-),男,硕士、高级工程师,主要从事隧道安全技术研究,(E-mail)

    LI Wen-biao (1981-), male, master degree, senior engineer, mainly engaged in the research of tunnel safety technology, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

张聪瑞(1991-),男,博士、副教授/高级实验师,主要从事工程安全监测技术研究,(E-mail)
New Diamond Layout Method for Tunnel Displacement Monitoring
Wen-biao LI1 , Yi-hu SHI2a, Wei-hao LIU2a, Yun-long GAO1, Cong-rui ZHANG2a, 2b , Hai-tao DOU1, Kakar SAMI2a, 2b, Zhong-lun ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.China Railway SiYuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430063, China
  • 2a.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 2b.Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 3.CNBM Technology Innovation Academy (Shandong) Co., LTD., Zaozhuang 277100, China
出版时间: 2024-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.024
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提出了一种基于弱光栅传感器特性的监测方法,用于长期监测运营期盾构地铁隧道中存在的不均匀沉降和管片水平错动位移。将缆状弱光栅传感器经过预拉伸后,呈菱形固定在盾构隧道的壁面,通过监测弱光栅传感器的形变量,可以判别隧道结构变形的不同模式并计算出隧道变形量,满足工程所需的实时性和精度要求。依据相似比原则,设计制造了1∶5的隧道位移模型,模拟隧道管片的局部伸缩、沉降、水平位移,将光栅传感器固定在壁面上,开展了弱光栅监测灵敏度试验、不同菱形布设角度下弱光栅监测结果对比试验和竖直沉降与水平位移试验,对比监测结果与实际位移量。研究结果表明:①在相同沉降情况下,弱光栅菱形布设时的光栅应变量要大于直线型布设时光栅的应变量,菱形布设方法对沉降量的变化敏感度优于传统直线型布设;②10°~20°为弱光栅菱形布设较优的倾斜角度区间,监测结果误差较低;③以光缆布设倾角为15°的试验数据为基础,建立了弱光栅波长变化与管片位移的反演方程。

盾构管片  /  位移变形  /  弱光栅传感器  /  菱形布设  /  地铁  /  运营期

A monitoring method based on the characteristics of weak grating sensors is proposed for long-term monitoring of the uneven settlement and horizontal displacement of segments in shield subway tunnels during the operation period. The cable type weak grating sensor is fixed on the wall of the shield tunnel in a diamond patten after prestretching. By monitoring the deformation of the weak grating sensor, the tunnel deformations corresponding to different tunnel structure modes can be distinguished and calculated to meet the real-time and precision requirements for engineering. According to the similarity ratio principle, a 1∶5 tunnel displacement model is designed and manufactured to simulate the local expansion, settlement and horizontal displacement of the tunnel segments. The grating sensors are also fixed on the wall surface of the tunnel model. Sensitivity tests of the weak grating sensors are first conducted before displacement monitoring. Then, the weak grating monitoring results with different diamond layout angles are compared. The following step is to monitor the vertical settlement and horizontal displacement of the tunnel model, which are compared with the actual displacement values. The results show that the strain of weak grating with the diamond layout is larger than that with a linear layout under the same settlement condition, which means the sensitivity of the diamond layout method to settlement change is better than that of traditional linear layout. Furthermore, 10°~20° is the optimal angle interval of the diamond layout for weak grating, for the monitoring result error is low. Additionally, the inversion equation of weak grating wavelength change and segment displacement is established based on the test data of diamond layout with an angle of 15°.

shield segment  /  deformation  /  weak grating sensor  /  diamond layout  /  subway  /  operation period
李文彪, 石义虎, 刘伟浩, 高云龙, 张聪瑞, 豆海涛, Kakar SAMI, 张忠伦. 用于隧道位移监测的菱形布设新方法. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (1) : 178 -185 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.024
Wen-biao LI, Yi-hu SHI, Wei-hao LIU, Yun-long GAO, Cong-rui ZHANG, Hai-tao DOU, Kakar SAMI, Zhong-lun ZHANG. New Diamond Layout Method for Tunnel Displacement Monitoring[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (1) : 178 -185 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.024
随着人口的增加和出行需求的激增,城市交通流量拥挤的现象逐年严重[1,2],地铁作为一种不占用地表用地的交通方式得到了国内外的高度关注,自1863年英国开通第一条地铁以来,地铁工程开始在全世界范围内兴建。截至目前,我国已开通地铁7545.5 km,其中很多地铁已运营较长时间,结构变形和安全稳定性问题不容忽视[3,4],且地铁工程具有人口集中和地下工程风险高的特点[5,6],国内外相关学者在地铁隧道安全和隧道监测等方面做了大量工作。孙泽信等使用设计了静力水准仪监测系统[7],对比分析了列车运行对监测精度的影响,刘新宇在工程监测中引入静力水准自动测量技术[8],实现了隧道自动化水准监测。但点式监测存在漏检的可能,许多学者致力于弥补这一缺陷。陆培庆[9]、袁长征等将三维激光扫描技术与隧道变形监测结合[10],试验结果证明了全局监测的优越性。何桂珍等针对隧道运营期变形[11],提出了地面激光扫描的监测方法和数据处理改进方法,极大地提升了工作效率。随着隧道服务周期的增长和人工智能的发展,隧道安全监测提出了实时性的要求,光纤传感技术监测应运而生。汤继新等采用分布式光纤传感技术对长距离隧道管片进行了变形和差异沉降监测[12],监测结果肯定了光纤传感监测的可行性。侯公羽等将隧道沉降与光纤应变进行结合提出了隧道反演模型[13],并且成功应用于北京新机场线项目。工程应用的成功肯定了光纤传感监测的可行性,鼓励了一大批学者开展各种室内试验深入挖掘光纤监测的理论规律。Li通过室内测试结合理论分析[14],建立了分布式光纤应变与隧道沉降的反演模型,并成功运用于隧道拆除现场。Niu Haoshuang等开展了地铁物理相似模型试验[15],分析了四种不同的荷载分布模式下隧道衬砌的受力特征,结果表明水平荷载抛物线分布和垂直荷载分布的组合误差最小,与地层荷载分布特征最为接近。Xia等针对南京过江隧道进行了1∶1相似物理模型试验[16],并利用Midas/Civil软件对隧道进行了仿真模拟验证试验的可靠性,结果表明隧道应变和结构变形较小,符合设计要求。
综上所述,光纤监测已成为隧道安全监测的主流方法,具有分布式、精度高和抗电磁干扰等优势。既有的光纤监测方案一般为强光栅监测或者分布式光纤监测,但这两种方法都存在一定的局限性:强光栅数据处理简单,但只适用于局部点式监测;分布式光纤可全局监测,但波长采集和数据处理时间较长,解调设备昂贵。弱光栅的出现可以弥补两者的缺点,可以实现多点监测且数据处理较为简单。因此提出一种基于弱光栅的新型菱形布设监测方法,适用于隧道水平和竖直方向的位移监测。在应用于实际工程之前,为验证其工程合理性,通过理论分析验证弱光栅传感器布设方法的合理性,并通过相似模拟试验分别对监测方法的适用性展开研究。
盾构隧道的位移可以分为轴向,水平和竖直三种类型。在实际工程中,管片轴向位移一般较小,可以忽略不计,管片错台和管片沉降引起的水平和竖直位移则一直是监测的重点。在既有盾构隧道监测中通常采用单线直线型布设,这种布设方法固然可以很好地解决运营期盾构隧道的实时监测难题,但也存在缺点:直线布设能感测光纤的伸缩变形,进而得到两光纤固定点之间的位移值,但无法确定隧道的位移方向和大小;直线布设相邻两固定点距离短,误差较大。针对上述问题,本文提出一种新型的弱光栅传感器布设方法:双线菱形布设。
图1所示,每个环间接缝均设置两根倾斜于隧道轴向的光栅测量应变。从理论上分析,菱形布设弥补了单线直线型布设的缺点:①由双线菱形布设的光栅监测数据,可以实现位移方向的自诊断功能,对于同一接缝处的两根光栅,当在管片错台发生水平位移时,两光栅皆为拉应变;当管片沉降时,一根光栅发生拉伸应变,一根光栅发生收缩应变。②菱形布设等位移值下相应应变更大,减小了其他误差引起的应变占比,增加了误差容错率。
下面通过计算比较直线式布设光纤和菱形布设在相同沉降量下,两者应变量的变化。
选取盾构隧道某管片沉降进行弱光栅应变分析,直线式布设如图2所示,弱光栅菱形布设如图3所示。
(1)计算直线型布设下弱光栅的应变量
伸长量
相应的应变量
(2)计算菱形布设下弱光栅的应变量
弱光栅原长
管片沉降后弱光栅长度
对应的应变量
整理得
为了方便计算,令,将式(2)和式(6)简化,得
将式(8)与式(7)相减,计算两种布设方法弱光栅应变差值
已知α≥0,当α=0时,明显可得ε2-ε1=0;当α>0时,2cos α-ξ sin α可转化为。光纤光栅类元件具有较好的抗拉强度,但其抗剪强度很差,因此在使用不宜将弱光栅弯折太大,否则会造成光功率损耗甚至折断,故此处α小于45°,又知ξ≪2,因此可知ε2-ε1>0,即ε2>ε1
计算结果可知:在产生相同沉降的情况下,弱光栅菱形布设时的光栅应变量要大于直线型布设时光栅的应变量,从理论上体现了弱光栅菱形布设减小误差的优越性。
为验证菱形布设实际效果,搭建位移相似模型,相似比1∶5,模拟隧道管片与管片之间的位移。模型如图4所示,由盾构隧道断面模型和可滑移底座组成,模型底座安装的螺旋调距装置可使管片相应产生轴向、水平和竖直方向的位移,分别模拟盾构管片两环接缝处宽度变化、管片水平位移和管片沉降三种工况。
从式(8)和式(9)中可以看出,倾角α=5°,对弱光栅监测精度有一定影响。因此分别取α=5°、10°、15°、20°、25°和30°,通过相似模拟试验研究弱光栅倾角对光纤监测效果的影响,寻找较优的光纤光栅布设倾角。
由于在模型试验中弱光栅的倾斜角度较难测定,因此通过三角函数将倾角等价变换为两定点间的垂直距离。相似模型管片宽度为300 mm,光栅固定点设置在管片中间,计算得两定点间的垂直距离H=26 mm、52 mm、80 mm、110 mm、140 mm和172 mm。
构建试验系统如图5所示。本次试验的关键是保证弱光栅两定点之间距离的精确性,采用记号笔在相似模型上标记不同H值下两点式粘贴的位置并标号H0H1H2H3H4H5H6。试验中施加沉降值Δy=0 mm(预位移)、0.5 mm、1 mm、1.5 mm和2.0 mm,水平位移值Δx=0 mm(预位移)、2 mm、4 mm、6 mm和8 mm。试验过程中,施加各级位移,都需静置15 min待弱光栅中心波长读数达到稳定状态。
图6为不同α值下弱光栅的沉降应变曲线,图7为不同α值下弱光栅的水平位移应变曲线。
图6可知,随着沉降值Δy的增加,弱光栅应变值也相应逐级增加,变化趋势与理论值较为一致,监测效果随着α值的增大越来越好。倾角为30°时,弱光栅的应变值与理论值最为接近,在此倾角下,沉降值为0.5 mm时,监测值与理论值相差最大,此时弱光栅的应变值较小,误差引起的波长占比不可忽略。随着沉降值的增大,弱光栅的应变值不断增大,试验应变值逐渐趋近理论值,在沉降值为2.0 mm时弱光栅应变达到了约3000 με,与理论值基本保持一致,应变值与沉降值呈近似线性关系。从图6(b)图6(g),倾角不断减小直至水平布设,弱光栅应变值与理论值均存在一定差异,且差异值随着倾角的降低呈增大的趋势,特别是弱光栅水平布设时,应变值与理论值的误差达到了18%,已经无法满足监测精度的要求。以上分析表明了菱形布设对于盾构隧道沉降监测的准确性有显著的提高,倾角10°~30°区间内监测可靠性较好。
图7反映了不同倾角值下弱光栅应变值随Δy值的变化规律,从图中可以看出随着水平位移值的增大,弱光栅应变值的增速越来越大。对比不同H值应变曲线发现,在相同位移值下,倾角越小弱光栅产生的应变值越大,在倾角为0°时应变值达到最大,与沉降试验的规律相反。理论值与试验值的曲线差异表明随着H值的不断增大,弱光栅监测结果的误差也随之增大,即误差引起的波长变化占比逐渐增大。
同时,图7也反映了弱光栅监测位移存在的问题:在位移值变化较小,例如水平位移小于2 mm时,弱光栅监测值的误差较大,当倾角大于30°时误差已超过50%,甚至难以感测到微小位移。但随着水平位移值的增大,弱光栅监测的准确性也随之提高。对于运营期盾构隧道来说,一般要求监测误差小于10%,因此确定H值在0~110 mm区间内都可满足监测要求,即倾角0°~20°。
综上所述,测量隧道沉降的适宜倾角为10°~30°,测量隧道水平位移的适宜倾角为0°~20°,因此菱形布设的倾角在10°~20°比较合适。
由光纤光栅的感测原理可知,光纤光栅只能测量沿光纤轴向的变形和温度变化,但在盾构隧道的位移监测中,管片的错台和沉降方向与弱光栅传感器不相同,弱光栅应变与隧道位移之间的关系是非线性的,因此需要建立弱光栅应变与隧道位移的反演方程。
通过2.3节试验结果分析可知,弱光栅监测管片沉降的倾角可靠区间为10°~30°,监测水平位移的可靠区间为0°~20°。为保证监测精度、降低光纤疲劳损伤,选择倾角15°的布设方案进行试验,如图8所示,图中红色线段为弱光栅栅区,两弱光栅分别编号FBG1FBG2,粘贴时施加3000 με预拉伸值,试验曲线如图9图10所示。
图9中可以看出,FBG1FBG2三次重复试验结果重复性较好,其波长变化量与水平位移值为三角函数曲线关系,利用ORIGIN数据分析处理软件对其数据平均值进行非线性拟合,拟合结果如图10所示,三次试验的波长变化值均集中在拟合曲线上下,拟合效果较好。拟合公式为
式中:Δλ为弱光栅波长变化量;Δx为模型的水平位移值;y0Axcw都是常数,分别取0.83,0.83,12.2,23.6。
图11反映了弱光栅波长与沉降值的变化规律,试验中通过螺旋调距装置控制图8中右侧管片的上下移动来模拟管片沉降,从图11可以看出,FBG1波长随着沉降值的增加逐渐增大,FBG2波长随沉降值的增大逐渐降低。两光栅波长的变形趋势沿0刻度线对称,波长变化速度先增加后趋于平稳。按弱光栅变形原理分析,波长变化与沉降值之间是三角函数关系,如图12拟合曲线所示。考虑到沉降较大时波长与沉降值呈近似线性的特点,为了计算方便以线性拟合近似代替三角函数拟合,拟合曲线如图13所示。对比两拟合曲线,整体来看线性拟合和三角函数拟合均能较好地反映弱光栅波长与沉降的变化关系,三角函数拟合曲线R平方为0.99936,线性拟合曲线R平方为0.99616,线性拟合效果稍差,误差主要体现在沉降值较小阶段,即图中0.5 mm沉降以下处。弱光栅波长与沉降的拟合函数可根据实际需求进行选择:当监测精度要求较高,且位移较为微小的情况下,采用三角函数拟合曲线进行计算;当工程位移较大时,采用线性拟合曲线进行计算。
三角函数拟合公式为
式中:Δλ为弱光栅波长变化量;Δy为模型的水平位移值;y0Axcw都是常数,分别取1.07,1.32,1.80,3.81。
线性拟合公式为
式中:Δλ为弱光栅波长变化量;Δy为模型的水平位移值;FBG1拟合曲线中a取-0.063,b取0.97;FBG2拟合曲线中a取0.045,b取-0.98。
明确了管片单一方向位移与弱光栅波长的函数关系后,建立位移—波长变化反演方程。以FBG1为例,其波长变化由两部分位移引起,设沉降引起的波长变化为Δλy,水平位移引起的波长变化为Δλx,那么FBG1的波长变化可表示为
同理,FBG2的波长变化为
当相邻管片发生水平位移时,Δλx1λx2均增大,当相邻管片发生沉降时,以图8中左侧管片沉降为例,Δλy1增大,Δλy2减小,Δλy1=-Δλy2;右侧管片沉降则相反。
将式(13)和式(14)带入式(10)和式(12)得
分析讨论式(16)的几种情况:①Δx=0,Δy=0,盾构隧道结构稳定,未出现位移情况或位移可忽略不计;②Δx=0,Δy>0,盾构隧道发生沉降,栅区左侧管片沉降;③Δx=0,Δy<0,盾构隧道发生沉降,栅区右侧管片沉降;④Δx>0,Δy=0,盾构管片出现水平位移,引起相邻测点波长变大,两测点间管片即发生位移的管片;⑤Δx>0,Δy>0,盾构隧道同时发生沉降和水平位移,栅区右侧管片沉降,两侧点间管片水平位移;⑥Δx>0,Δy>0,盾构隧道同时发生沉降和水平位移,栅区左侧管片沉降,两侧点间管片水平位移。
因此由式(16)可以分辨出盾构隧道结构变化是沉降还是水平位移,结合拟合公式计算出隧道变形量,最终得到隧道结构变形真实情况。
针对运营期盾构隧道的位移,提出了弱光栅菱形布设的监测方法,进行了弱光栅灵敏度试验;探究了菱形边不同倾斜角度时沉降与水平位移监测精度;基于倾角优化试验结果,进行了倾角为15°的位移试验,对试验数据进行了曲线拟合,建立了弱光栅波长与盾构隧道位移特征的反演方程,主要研究成果如下:
(1)通过理论计算,比较传感器直线型布设和菱形布设时的应变量,发现在产生相同沉降的情况下,弱光栅菱形布设时的光栅应变量要大于直线型布设时光栅的应变量,说明菱形布设时光栅对应变的敏感度更好。
(2)设计了传感器布设角度优化试验系统,研究了不同菱形布设角度下弱光栅的测量精度的差别,综合垂直沉降试验和水平位移试验确定10°~20°为菱形边的最佳倾角区间。
(3)开展了沉降和水平位移试验,以15°作为菱形边的倾角,整理分析波长-沉降拟合曲线和波长-水平位移拟合曲线通过拟合曲线建立了盾构隧道位移的反演方程,并对六种可能工况进行了分析,确定了不同隧道变形对应的栅区波长变化。
  • 山东省重大科技创新工程(2019JZZY020314)
  • 湖北省技术创新专项基金项目(2022BEC040)
  • 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司科研计划重点课题(2020K173)
  • 山东省无机功能材料与智能制造创新创业共同体协同创新基金(WJGTT-XT5)
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2024年第41卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.024
  • 接收时间:2022-06-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-07
基金
Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2019JZZY020314)
山东省重大科技创新工程(2019JZZY020314)
Major project of Technological Innovation Plan of Hubei Province(2022BEC040)
湖北省技术创新专项基金项目(2022BEC040)
Key research projects of China Railway SiYuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd.(2020K173)
中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司科研计划重点课题(2020K173)
Collaborative innovation fund of Inorganic functional materials and intelligent manufacturing innovation and entrepreneurship community of Shandong Province(WJGTT-XT5)
山东省无机功能材料与智能制造创新创业共同体协同创新基金(WJGTT-XT5)
作者信息
    1.中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,武汉 430063
    2a.武汉理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,武汉 430070
    2b.武汉理工大学 矿物资源加工与环境湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430070
    3.中建材科创新技术研究院(山东)有限公司,枣庄 277100

通讯作者:

张聪瑞(1991-),男,博士、副教授/高级实验师,主要从事工程安全监测技术研究,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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