Article(id=1241769331659440463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1667836800000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990479626, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1709222400000, pubDateStr=2024-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990479626, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990479626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990479626, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241769329201578292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990479040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992264087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=60, endPage=66, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241769332426998123, articleId=1241769331659440463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Optimization Study by Zhongkai Mining on Charge Structure of Large-diameter and Deep-hole Blasting, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Charge structure has an important impact on deep hole blasting effect with a large diameter in thick and large ore bodies. The current charge structure (24.2% air deck length) used in Bangzhong mine of Zhongkai Mining has a serious problem of post-blast impact damage, resulting in blockage, collapse or even scrapping of the latter row of holes, which seriously affects productivity. However, blindly increasing the air deck length ratio has the risk of increasing the boulder yield. Based on the actual explosives and rock parameters of the mine, a study on charging structure optimization was carried out by using the numerical simulation software LSDYNA. The commonly used air spacers were selected as the deck materials. Then, 12 charging structure solutions were designed for numerical simulation with respect to the air deck length ratio, and the relationships between the charging structure and the evaluation indexes (such as the back impact effect, boulder yield, peak particle velocity of free surface and peak effective stress) were obtained. The results show that the peak particle velocity of the free surface and the peak effective stress gradually decrease with the increase of the air deck length ratio. The back impact effect is obvious and the back row of holes may collapse when the air deck length ratio is less than or equal to 30.5%. There is a risk that the boulder yield increases when the air deck length ratio is greater than or equal to 45.3%. The optimal air deck length ratio is 44.2%. The deep hole blasting tests show that the boulder yield of the optimized charge structure is 7.1%, and the back impact effect has been effectively controlled.

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SONG Jing-yi (2000-), male, Ph. D, candidate of Northeastern University, engaged in engineering blasting research, (E-mail) .
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装药结构对厚大矿体大直径深孔爆破落矿效果具有重要影响。中凯矿业帮中矿区现行装药结构(空气间隔长度比例24.2%)存在爆破后冲破坏作用严重的问题,造成后一排炮孔堵塞、坍塌甚至报废,严重影响生产效率;而盲目增大空气间隔长度比例则存在爆破大块率增加的风险。以矿山实际的炸药和岩石参数为基础,采用数值模拟软件LSDYNA开展大直径深孔爆破落矿装药结构优化研究。选择常用空气间隔器作为间隔材料,以空气间隔长度比例为研究对象设计了12种装药结构方案进行数值模拟,得到了装药结构与爆破后冲作用、大块率、自由面质点振动峰值速度以及峰值有效应力等评价指标之间的关系。结果表明:自由面质点振动峰值速度以及峰值有效应力随空气间隔长度比例增加逐渐下降;当空气间隔长度比例小于等于30.5%时后冲作用明显,后排炮孔可能出现塌孔现象,当空气间隔长度比例大于等于45.3%时,存在大块率增加的风险,最优装药结构的空气间隔长度比例为44.2%。现场深孔爆破落矿试验表明,优化的装药结构爆破后大块率为7.1%且爆破后冲作用得到有效控制。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
宋景仪(2000-),男,东北大学博士研究生,从事工程爆破研究,(E-mail)
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赵兴东(1975-),男,博士,东北大学采矿工程系教授、博士生导师,从事深部金属矿采动灾害防控研究,(E-mail)

ZHAO Xing-dong (1975-), male, Ph. D., professor and doctoral supervisor of the Department of Mining Engineering, Northeastern University, mainly engaged in the research on the prevention and control of mining disasters in deep metal mines, (E-mail) .

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赵兴东(1975-),男,博士,东北大学采矿工程系教授、博士生导师,从事深部金属矿采动灾害防控研究,(E-mail)

ZHAO Xing-dong (1975-), male, Ph. D., professor and doctoral supervisor of the Department of Mining Engineering, Northeastern University, mainly engaged in the research on the prevention and control of mining disasters in deep metal mines, (E-mail) .

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赵兴东(1975-),男,博士,东北大学采矿工程系教授、博士生导师,从事深部金属矿采动灾害防控研究,(E-mail)

ZHAO Xing-dong (1975-), male, Ph. D., professor and doctoral supervisor of the Department of Mining Engineering, Northeastern University, mainly engaged in the research on the prevention and control of mining disasters in deep metal mines, (E-mail) .

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articleId=1241769331659440463, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Proportion of air deck length for different charging structure schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案编号方案1方案2方案3方案4方案5方案6方案7方案8方案9方案10方案11方案12
空气间隔长度比例/%18.930.538.944.245.347.424.236.846.351.653.755.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348122083354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331659440463, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同装药结构方案的空气间隔长度比例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案编号方案1方案2方案3方案4方案5方案6方案7方案8方案9方案10方案11方案12
空气间隔长度比例/%18.930.538.944.245.347.424.236.846.351.653.755.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348264689698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331659440463, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Rock RHT model parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ0/(kg·m-3 fc/MPa EPSF B0 B1 α0 G/GPa T1/GPa T2/GPa
4080121.3721.681.681.018.8153.640
Pcrush/MPa N Plock/GPa A1/GPa A2/GPa A3/GPa Q0
40.510.7460.2653.6490.1255.080.060.68
EOC/s-1 EOT/s-1 EC/s-1 ET/s-1 βc βt PTF
3.0E-53.0E-63.0E253.0E250.01040.01420.0010.40.7
D1 D2 EPM Af Nf XI Np A B
0.0410.011.60.610.532.470.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348373741609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331659440463, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

岩石RHT模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ0/(kg·m-3 fc/MPa EPSF B0 B1 α0 G/GPa T1/GPa T2/GPa
4080121.3721.681.681.018.8153.640
Pcrush/MPa N Plock/GPa A1/GPa A2/GPa A3/GPa Q0
40.510.7460.2653.6490.1255.080.060.68
EOC/s-1 EOT/s-1 EC/s-1 ET/s-1 βc βt PTF
3.0E-53.0E-63.0E253.0E250.01040.01420.0010.40.7
D1 D2 EPM Af Nf XI Np A B
0.0410.011.60.610.532.470.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348520542257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331659440463, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Parameters of 2#rock emulsion explosive

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg·m-3爆速/(m·s-1 PCJ/GPa A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω E0/GPa
1.18×1034.2×1039.55293.921.736.3662.1520.2073.14
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348629594171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331659440463, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2#岩石乳化炸药参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg·m-3爆速/(m·s-1 PCJ/GPa A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω E0/GPa
1.18×1034.2×1039.55293.921.736.3662.1520.2073.14
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中凯矿业大直径深孔爆破落矿装药结构优化研究
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赵兴东 1 , 宋景仪 1 , 田斌 2 , 范晓苏 2
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024,41(1): 60-66
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024, 41(1): 60-66
中凯矿业大直径深孔爆破落矿装药结构优化研究
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赵兴东1 , 宋景仪1 , 田斌2, 范晓苏2
作者信息
  • 1.东北大学 深部金属矿采动安全实验室,沈阳 110816
  • 2.西藏中凯矿业股份有限公司 林周分公司,拉萨 850000
  • 赵兴东(1975-),男,博士,东北大学采矿工程系教授、博士生导师,从事深部金属矿采动灾害防控研究,(E-mail)

    ZHAO Xing-dong (1975-), male, Ph. D., professor and doctoral supervisor of the Department of Mining Engineering, Northeastern University, mainly engaged in the research on the prevention and control of mining disasters in deep metal mines, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

宋景仪(2000-),男,东北大学博士研究生,从事工程爆破研究,(E-mail)
Optimization Study by Zhongkai Mining on Charge Structure of Large-diameter and Deep-hole Blasting
Xing-dong ZHAO1 , Jing-yi SONG1 , Bin TIAN2, Xiao-su FAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.Labrotary of Safe Mining in Deep Metal Mine, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110816, China
  • 2.Linzhou Branch of Tibet Zhongkai Mining Co., Lhasa 850000, China
出版时间: 2024-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.009
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装药结构对厚大矿体大直径深孔爆破落矿效果具有重要影响。中凯矿业帮中矿区现行装药结构(空气间隔长度比例24.2%)存在爆破后冲破坏作用严重的问题,造成后一排炮孔堵塞、坍塌甚至报废,严重影响生产效率;而盲目增大空气间隔长度比例则存在爆破大块率增加的风险。以矿山实际的炸药和岩石参数为基础,采用数值模拟软件LSDYNA开展大直径深孔爆破落矿装药结构优化研究。选择常用空气间隔器作为间隔材料,以空气间隔长度比例为研究对象设计了12种装药结构方案进行数值模拟,得到了装药结构与爆破后冲作用、大块率、自由面质点振动峰值速度以及峰值有效应力等评价指标之间的关系。结果表明:自由面质点振动峰值速度以及峰值有效应力随空气间隔长度比例增加逐渐下降;当空气间隔长度比例小于等于30.5%时后冲作用明显,后排炮孔可能出现塌孔现象,当空气间隔长度比例大于等于45.3%时,存在大块率增加的风险,最优装药结构的空气间隔长度比例为44.2%。现场深孔爆破落矿试验表明,优化的装药结构爆破后大块率为7.1%且爆破后冲作用得到有效控制。

大直径深孔爆破落矿  /  装药结构  /  数值模拟  /  大块率

Charge structure has an important impact on deep hole blasting effect with a large diameter in thick and large ore bodies. The current charge structure (24.2% air deck length) used in Bangzhong mine of Zhongkai Mining has a serious problem of post-blast impact damage, resulting in blockage, collapse or even scrapping of the latter row of holes, which seriously affects productivity. However, blindly increasing the air deck length ratio has the risk of increasing the boulder yield. Based on the actual explosives and rock parameters of the mine, a study on charging structure optimization was carried out by using the numerical simulation software LSDYNA. The commonly used air spacers were selected as the deck materials. Then, 12 charging structure solutions were designed for numerical simulation with respect to the air deck length ratio, and the relationships between the charging structure and the evaluation indexes (such as the back impact effect, boulder yield, peak particle velocity of free surface and peak effective stress) were obtained. The results show that the peak particle velocity of the free surface and the peak effective stress gradually decrease with the increase of the air deck length ratio. The back impact effect is obvious and the back row of holes may collapse when the air deck length ratio is less than or equal to 30.5%. There is a risk that the boulder yield increases when the air deck length ratio is greater than or equal to 45.3%. The optimal air deck length ratio is 44.2%. The deep hole blasting tests show that the boulder yield of the optimized charge structure is 7.1%, and the back impact effect has been effectively controlled.

large-diameter & deep-hole blasting  /  charge structure  /  numerical simulation  /  boulder yield
赵兴东, 宋景仪, 田斌, 范晓苏. 中凯矿业大直径深孔爆破落矿装药结构优化研究. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (1) : 60 -66 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.009
Xing-dong ZHAO, Jing-yi SONG, Bin TIAN, Xiao-su FAN. Optimization Study by Zhongkai Mining on Charge Structure of Large-diameter and Deep-hole Blasting[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (1) : 60 -66 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.009
大直径深孔爆破落矿技术是20世纪采矿技术发展的重要成果,于1975年在加拿大国际镍公司Levack矿首次成功使用,由于其具有落矿效率高、成本低、安全性好等优点,被广泛应用于厚大矿体回采[1]。我国于1977年开始大直径深孔爆破落矿技术研究,于1984年在凡口铅锌矿成功试验了大直径深孔球状药包爆破落矿工艺技术[2],此后陆续在草楼铁矿、罗河铁矿、铜绿山铜铁矿、安庆铜矿、冬瓜山铜矿、凤凰山铜矿、祈雨沟金矿、柿竹园钨锡钼铋矿、大红山铜矿、大姚铜矿等地下矿山进行推广应用。装药结构对大直径深孔爆破落矿效果具有重要影响作用,按炸药装入炮孔内的集中程度分为连续装药与间隔装药[3]。连续装药方式作业高效方便,但存在爆破冲击波峰值压力较高,爆破粉碎区能量消耗较大,导致岩石过度破碎和爆破后大块率较高;间隔装药可以通过调整炮孔内炸药能量的分布来提高爆破能量利用率,改善爆破效果,但合适的空气间隔比例难以确定[4]。开展大直径深孔爆破落矿装药结构的优化研究,设计合理的装药结构,准确控制爆破能量分布是大直径深孔爆破落矿技术亟待解决的关键难题。许多学者以理论分析、爆破试验和数值模拟等手段,研究不同装药结构对炸药破岩作用的影响[5]。刘优平用LS-DYNA数值分析软件对6种不同装药结构的大直径深孔爆破过程进行建模计算[6],结合爆破破岩机理及Mises屈服理论,确定了大直径深孔爆破的最佳炮孔装药结构,将确定的最优方案应用于爆破工程实践,取得较好的爆破效果。刘鹏程通过理论分析和模拟试验发现空气间隔装药可以降低爆破压力峰值、延长爆破作用时间[7],而调整装药间隔长度,可以加强对爆破作用控制,改善爆破效果。曹寄梅通过现场试验研究[8],发现采用孔底充填缓冲吸能材料,其减震率达到3.23%~35.19%。朱红兵确定了炮孔内一维应力变化历程及时空分布[9],理论定量确定了梯段爆破中合理的空气间隔比例。李章超利用JKSimBlast分析了空气间隔长度、中间间隔位置对爆破大块率的影响[10],确定最佳间隔长度2 m与最佳间隔位置距离孔口11.5 m,现场试验表明,与连续装药相比,优化后的装药结构爆破后大块率平均降低9.24%。李宗楠利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA从计算模型的应力、应变及部分质点的力学参数变化等方面系统地介绍了间隔装药爆破技术的优越性[11]
爆破数值模拟方法具有快速、低成本、可视化的优点,被广泛用于分析岩体爆破机理和优化回采爆破参数。基于此,本文以西藏中凯矿业帮中矿区为工程依托,运用LS-DYNA模拟大直径深孔爆破落矿过程中的损伤演化规律,分析不同装药结构对爆破后冲作用、大块率、自由面质点振动峰值速度以及峰值有效应力的影响,确定采场最优爆破落矿装药结构,并进行现场爆破试验验证。
帮中矿区位于西藏林周县355°方向,直线距离44 km,属旁多乡管辖。矿区为高山深切割区,海拔在4400 m以上,相对高差大,地形坡度较大,地势陡峻,矿体工程控制标高4407~4773 m。矿山主要开采对象为Zn-1主矿体。矿体走向为NNW-SSE,走向长2.4 km,倾角77°,平均厚度30.95 m。矿床围岩岩石类型简单,矿体上盘围岩为斑岩体,矿体下盘围岩为角岩和板岩,矿体主要岩性是角岩,部分为斑岩。矿体下盘围岩稳固性相对较差,上盘围岩稳固性好。采用分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法,大直径深孔爆破落矿技术进行采场落矿,采矿方法见图1;矿块垂直走向布置,矿块高度56 m,矿块长度为矿体厚度,矿块宽度12.5 m。阶段空场嗣后充填法将大幅提高矿山的生产能力和效率,但同时也对其回采爆破提出了更高要求,当前矿山采用3 m×3 m(排距×孔距)的孔网参数,采用T-150潜孔钻机钻凿下向垂直深孔,钻孔直径165 mm,采用空气间隔装药结构,空气间隔长度比例为24.2%,临爆区炮孔塌孔、堵孔问题严重,严重影响生产效率;确定最优大直径深孔爆破装药结构,减少爆破后冲作用和大块率对实际生产有重要经济意义。
保证堵塞长度不变,结合矿山使用的药卷尺寸(药卷直径140 mm,长度40 cm),本文设计了以空气间隔长度比例为变量的12种装药结构方案,装药结构具体参数如图2所示;12种装药结构的空气间隔长度比例见表1,由表1可知,12种装药结构方案的空气间隔长度比例介于18.9%~55.8%之间。
用ANSYS/LS-DYNA分别对设计的12种装药结构进行爆破模拟,根据矿山实际情况,按照1∶1的比例建立长×宽×高分别为6 m×6 m×22 m的单孔三维模型,炮孔模型直径165 mm,炸药模型直径140 mm,其装药结构根据2.1节确定的方案进行建模,自由面采用自由边界建模,其余边界均设置为无反射边界,数值模型如图3所示,共产生193 6000个单元。炸药、堵塞和空气采用欧拉网格建模,而岩石材料采用ALE算法中的拉格朗日网格建模,采用流固耦合方法进行计算。流体域位于模型中央,尺寸为2 m×2 m×22 m,炸药及堵塞采用初始体积分数法建模。通过试算发现,当计算时长达到6 ms之后,爆破引起的围岩损伤基本不变,故设置计算时长6 ms。
LS-DYNA中有三种损伤本构模型来模拟岩体的爆破损伤:Holomquis-Johnson-Cook(HJC)模型、Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma(RHT)模型和JH系列模型[12]。与其他模型相比,RHT模型能够表征岩石在动态载荷下的拉伸和压缩损伤演化,故本文选用RHT模型用于深孔爆破装药结构优化数值计算。根据矿山岩石力学实验结果,得出岩石RHT模型参数如表2所示。
炸药采用MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN模型模拟,爆炸过程中其压力和比容关系采用如JWL方程来描述
式中:P为压力;V为相对体积;E0为初始比内能;参数ABR1R2ω为试验确定的常数。根据矿山采用的2#岩石乳化炸药具体参数,得出本文所用炸药的各项参数见表3
以装药结构方案4作为典型案例,对爆破过程不同时刻A-A截面的岩石损伤云图进行详细解析。由图4可知,当t=0.5 ms时,岩石由于受到冲击波作用,在炮孔周围形成压碎区;t=1.0 ms时,压缩应力波在自由面产生反射形成拉伸波,造成自由面附近岩石的拉伸片落;此后,应力波在炮孔与自由面之间往复循环拉压震荡,造成岩石的进一步损伤。
不同装药结构方案的A-A截面岩石最终损伤云图见图5图5表明,不同装药结构所形成的岩石爆破损伤范围分布不同,且炮孔至自由面间的岩石损伤明显大于另一侧,这说明自由面对降低爆破大块率具有重要作用。王卫华研究得出[13],采用RHT模型进行岩石爆破数值模拟研究时,当岩石损伤水平高于0.5时,即可认为该处岩石被完全破碎。故本文确定损伤阈值Damage为0.5,当单元损伤值Damage低于0.5时,即认为该处岩石不能得到有效破碎,图5中实线框用以表征可能产生大块的区域(Damage<0.5,且面积大于0.8 m2),虚线框用以表征爆破后冲作用对临爆区炮孔的损伤。由图5可以发现,随着空气间隔长度比例增加,其可能产生大块区域的面积增加,同时爆破后冲作用对后排炮孔的损伤逐渐降低,当空气间隔长度比例小于30.5%(方案1、2、7)时,后排炮孔由于受到爆破后冲作用的影响,出现较大面积的损伤区,存在塌孔风险,可能造成后排炮孔报废,其中方案7为矿山现行装药结构,数值模拟结果与实际结果一致,进一步验证了数值模拟结果的可靠性;当空气间隔长度比例大于45.3%(方案5、6、10、11、12),可能产生大块区域的面积增加较为明显。故合理的空气间隔长度比例介于36.8%到46.3%之间(方案3、4、8、9),此时既能降低爆破后大块率,又可减少爆破后冲作用。
自由面质点振动速度是不同爆破参数条件下自由面处的爆破能量传播特征[14]。在自由面上自上而下选取距炮孔中心线1.5 m处的7个监测点,监测点间距均为2.75 m;图6为不同方案下监测点振动峰值速度曲线,由图6可知,随着空气间隔长度比例的增加,其监测点振动峰值速度逐渐下降。由前文分析可知,方案3、4、8、9均能使爆破区域得到有效破碎,爆破后产生较少的大块,而方案3、8监测点振动峰值速度明显大于方案4、9,说明方案3、8爆破能量过大。且由图6可知,方案4监测点峰值速度波动幅度比方案9小,介于5.74 m/s到6.56 m/s之间,说明方案4爆破能量分布较均匀。
图7为不同方案下监测点有效应力峰值曲线,由图7可知,随着空气间隔长度比例的增加,其监测点峰值有效应力总体呈现逐渐下降趋势。且方案4监测点峰值有效应力波动幅度比方案9小,说明方案4爆破能量分布更均匀。
综上所述,考虑爆破后冲作用、大块率、自由面质点振动峰值速度以及峰值有效应力对爆破效果的影响,最终选取方案4为帮中矿区采场爆破落矿的装药结构。
为验证优化后的装药结构爆破结果,在帮中矿区开展现场爆破试验。试验地点选择在该矿山4600 m中段5号采场进行,5号采场矿房凿岩硐室长为40 m,矿体平均厚度为30 m,倾角71°。空气间隔使用木棍(直径140 mm,长度1.4 m),采用混凝土塞进行孔底堵孔,河沙填塞,相邻炮孔药包交错布置,以降低爆破后矿石大块率,由图2所示装药结构,经计算可知,方案4的单孔装药量为192.4 kg。侧向崩矿孔口采用非电半秒导爆管雷管延时起爆方式,段间延时0.25 s(1~10段,0~2.25 s)。采用非电半秒导爆管雷管延时起爆方式,因本次爆破炸药量大,现有导爆管段别难以实现多孔分段起爆,故起爆网路采用“排间延时起爆”,即将整个爆破区域构成起爆网路,起爆顺序为分区中间孔先爆,呈“VV”形起爆,边排孔滞后,3个孔为一段别,每组网路采用1~10段非电半秒导爆管雷管串联式联接,起爆时先引爆靠近采空区的网路,依次排序。
通过现场统计,优化的装药结构爆破后大块率为7.1%,且临爆区炮孔未出现由后冲作用造成的坍塌堵塞现象。利用三维激光扫描仪对爆后采空区进行扫描,扫描结果如图8所示,在该爆破参数条件下爆破对二步回采矿体损伤较小,边界面基本完整,采场下部出现少量超挖,但满足施工要求,空区形态与设计采场形态基本吻合,进一步验证优化的深孔爆破装药结构更加合理。
通过采用数值模拟方法研究了不同装药结构下的岩石爆破过程,并对优化后装药结构爆破现场实践结果进行了介绍,得到了以下结论:
(1)空气间隔长度比对爆破能量的分布与爆破效果有明显的影响,结合矿山具体情况,确定合理的空气间隔长度比对提升爆破效果具有重要积极作用。
(2)标定了矿山RHT模型参数,提出了利用爆破引起的围岩损伤分布云图、自由面质点Von Mises有效应力及振动速度优化深孔爆破装药结构的方法。
(3)采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元分析软件,对设计的12种炮孔装药结构进行了数值模拟,得出空气间隔长度比例为44.2%的装药结构能量分布最均匀,大块率低,爆破后冲作用小;现场工业试验证明优化后装药结构可改善爆破效果,大块率为7.1%且后冲作用得到有效控制。
  • 国家自然科学基金重点项目(52130403)
  • 国家自然科学基金-山东联合基金资助项目(U1806208)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(N2001033)
  • 辽宁省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2023JH6/100100050)
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2024年第41卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.009
  • 接收时间:2022-11-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-08
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52130403)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(52130403)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund(U1806208)
国家自然科学基金-山东联合基金资助项目(U1806208)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2001033)
中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(N2001033)
Liaoning Province Centralized Guided Local Science and Technology Development Funding Program Projects(2023JH6/100100050)
辽宁省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2023JH6/100100050)
作者信息
    1.东北大学 深部金属矿采动安全实验室,沈阳 110816
    2.西藏中凯矿业股份有限公司 林周分公司,拉萨 850000

通讯作者:

宋景仪(2000-),男,东北大学博士研究生,从事工程爆破研究,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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