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Article(id=1241769331550392542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1657209600000, receivedDateStr=2022-07-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990479600, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1709222400000, pubDateStr=2024-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990479600, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990479599, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990479599, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241769329201578292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990479040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992264087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=85, endPage=91, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241769331856576739, articleId=1241769331550392542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Influence of Charge Structure of Peripheral Hole on Blasting Effect of Silty Shale Tunnel, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The smooth blasting technology is the main means to control the over excavation and under excavation of tunnels at present. In order to explore the influence of the charge structure and charge amount of peripheral holes on the blasting effect, a series of single hole blasting tests were conducted in the silty shale section of Wulong Tunnel. The results show that the best blasting effect for detonating cord initiation can be achieved when a decked peripheral hole is charged with 0.1+0.075 5 kg of explosive. At this time, the residual rate of peripheral holes is 96%, and the average linear overbreak is 15.3 cm. On the other hand, the best blasting effect for detonator initiation happens when the charge amount of a peripheral hole is 0.45 kg, with the residual rate of peripheral holes as 90% and the average linear overbreak as 18.4cm. When a continuous charging structure is adopted for the peripheral holes, the best blasting effect appears as the charging amount is 0.3/0.45 kg. In this case, the residual rate of surrounding holes is 32% and the average linear over excavation amount is 24 cm. The decking charge structure of the peripheral holes can effectively improve the blasting effect, which ensures the residual rate of peripheral holes is more than 50% and reduces the tunnel over-excavation. By comparison, the blasting effect, in the order from best to worst, is ranked as detonating cord with decking, detonator with decking and continuous charge, respectively. And their residual rates of peripheral holes are more than 90%, more than 70%, and less than 50%, respectively. It is proved that both the detonating cord with decking charge structure and the detonator with decking charge structure can be used for surrounding holes to control tunnel over-excavation.

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光面爆破技术是目前控制隧道超欠挖的主要手段，为进一步探究周边孔装药结构及装药量对爆破效果的影响。以武隆隧道粉砂质页岩段为研究对象，采用现场爆破试验方法，分别进行了周边孔不同装药结构下不同单孔装药量爆破试验。结果表明：周边孔采用导爆索空气间隔装药结构，装药量为0.1+0.075×5 kg时爆破效果最佳，周边孔残留率96%，平均线性超挖为15.3 cm。采用雷管空气间隔装药结构，装药量为0.45 kg时爆破效果最佳，周边孔残留率可达90%，平均线性超挖18.4 cm。采用连续装药结构进行爆破，装药量为0.3/0.45 kg时爆破效果最佳，周边孔残留率32%，平均线性超挖量为24 cm。周边孔采用间隔装药结构可以有效提高爆破效果，保证周边孔炮孔残留率在50%以上，减小隧道超挖量；采用导爆索间隔装药爆破效果最佳，周边孔炮孔残留率在90%以上，雷管间隔装药结构爆破效果次之，炮孔残留率在70%以上，连续装药结构爆破效果最差，炮孔残留率50%以下。同时，通过现场试验证明：除采用导爆索空气间隔装药结构外，周边孔也可采用雷管空气间隔装药结构控制隧道超挖。

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张建国（1968-），男，学士、教授级高级工程师，从事隧道爆破施工方面的研究，（E-mail）。

ZHANG Jian-guo (1968-), male, bachelor, professor-level senior engineer, engaged in research on tunnel blasting construction, (E-mail) .

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张建国（1968-），男，学士、教授级高级工程师，从事隧道爆破施工方面的研究，（E-mail）。

ZHANG Jian-guo (1968-), male, bachelor, professor-level senior engineer, engaged in research on tunnel blasting construction, (E-mail) .

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张建国（1968-），男，学士、教授级高级工程师，从事隧道爆破施工方面的研究，（E-mail）。

ZHANG Jian-guo (1968-), male, bachelor, professor-level senior engineer, engaged in research on tunnel blasting construction, (E-mail) .

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Field test of smooth blasting of uncoupled charge in highway tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2017(S2): 578-584. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Field test of smooth blasting of uncoupled charge in highway tunnel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241769353700512002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1981, volume=18, issue=2, pageStart=113, pageEnd=127, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=19, authorNames=FOURNEY W L, BARKER D B, HOLLOWAY D C, journalName=International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Miningence & Geomechanics Abstracts, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FOURNEY W L, BARKER D B, HOLLOWAY D C. Model studies of explosive well stimulation techniques[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Miningence & Geomechanics Abstracts, 1981, 18(2): 113-127., articleTitle=Model studies of explosive well stimulation techniques, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241769336004743559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241769336013132168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, companyId=1241769336004743559, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=China Communications Second Highway Engineering Bureau Co, LTD, Tunnel Engineering Co, Xi′an 710000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241769336017326473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, companyId=1241769336004743559, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中交二公局　隧道工程公司，西安　710000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241769343957144361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Arrangement of upper bench blasting holes in ClassⅣsurrounding rocks of Wulong Tunnel (unit: cm), figureFileSmall=d4vxPaB2DixpGXQCD7+eBQ==, figureFileBig=9eQ0qqFTsVcOzfklmOXm+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769344074584881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=图1, caption=武隆隧道Ⅳ级围岩上台阶炮孔布置图（单位：cm）, figureFileSmall=d4vxPaB2DixpGXQCD7+eBQ==, figureFileBig=9eQ0qqFTsVcOzfklmOXm+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769344301077314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Angle layout of upper bench blasting holes in ClassⅣsurrounding rocks of Wulong Tunnel (unit: cm), figureFileSmall=PQJ7JZ66w2+KPVFy1JjuOg==, figureFileBig=Y0O3sBZhTodXaMRbXAJZXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769344401740618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=图2, caption=武隆隧道Ⅳ级围岩上台阶炮孔角度布置图（单位：cm）, figureFileSmall=PQJ7JZ66w2+KPVFy1JjuOg==, figureFileBig=Y0O3sBZhTodXaMRbXAJZXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769344506598229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Network diagram of bench drilling and blasting initiation, figureFileSmall=SFVbWv/ObSfYl/pCk3DoQA==, figureFileBig=+4qqlQxMil5R+OnwjwPYYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769344670176095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=图3, caption=上台阶钻爆法起爆网路图, figureFileSmall=SFVbWv/ObSfYl/pCk3DoQA==, figureFileBig=+4qqlQxMil5R+OnwjwPYYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769344775033703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Charging of peripheral holes, figureFileSmall=a9B1BuFSlxSoxri2XQJD/g==, figureFileBig=CPcFdlyrRewRsYtOPq7VxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769344863114093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=图4, caption=周边孔装药示意图, figureFileSmall=a9B1BuFSlxSoxri2XQJD/g==, figureFileBig=CPcFdlyrRewRsYtOPq7VxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769344951194485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Schematic diagram of PVC pipe, figureFileSmall=3vGXZBeu3AhI2OZcDjqsqg==, figureFileBig=Kwibd1wFQPGrymNR07+3vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769345072829311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=图5, caption=PVC管卡固药卷示意图, figureFileSmall=3vGXZBeu3AhI2OZcDjqsqg==, figureFileBig=Kwibd1wFQPGrymNR07+3vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769345165104007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Test blasting effect, figureFileSmall=Sw67iTvllOcLFzkrz47yuw==, figureFileBig=m69uGg8u3ffGXeyFm/NAOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769345299321741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=图6, caption=试验循环爆破效果, figureFileSmall=Sw67iTvllOcLFzkrz47yuw==, figureFileBig=m69uGg8u3ffGXeyFm/NAOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769345412567954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Schematic diagram of continuous charge for peripheral hole (unit: m), figureFileSmall=DF6dBHlf0BYk+LXbE8DsAQ==, figureFileBig=7QlhOs4uKw/zL74P0tgY2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769345509036954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=图7, caption=周边孔连续装药示意图（单位：m）, figureFileSmall=DF6dBHlf0BYk+LXbE8DsAQ==, figureFileBig=7QlhOs4uKw/zL74P0tgY2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769345676809126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Test Cyclic Blasting Effect, figureFileSmall=zPjoqka9M1VzMjLLcMmoXw==, figureFileBig=Gv/Gc/XzF+o6ka2L0IxGlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769347371307956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=图8, caption=试验循环爆破效果, figureFileSmall=zPjoqka9M1VzMjLLcMmoXw==, figureFileBig=Gv/Gc/XzF+o6ka2L0IxGlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769347476165566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Diagram of interval charge structure of peripheral hole detonator (unit: cm), figureFileSmall=v4XE+AertscP/Ze57AjxNg==, figureFileBig=sJhzdfNCb22NekJuCtZhOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769347593606092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=图9, caption=周边孔雷管间隔装药结构示意图（单位：cm）, figureFileSmall=v4XE+AertscP/Ze57AjxNg==, figureFileBig=sJhzdfNCb22NekJuCtZhOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769347706852309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Test cycle blasting effec, figureFileSmall=C2hkLgX/g6o/mBIFPVmWLg==, figureFileBig=+Qaap7JHMmMscf2YbWDsOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769347786544096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=图10, caption=试验循环爆破效果, figureFileSmall=C2hkLgX/g6o/mBIFPVmWLg==, figureFileBig=+Qaap7JHMmMscf2YbWDsOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769347929150444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of ClassⅣsurrounding rocks of Wulong Tunnel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
围岩名称重度/（kN·m-3）饱和抗压强度/MPa内摩擦角φ/°粘聚力c/kPa
粉砂质页岩26.8015.4037.91848
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348017230836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

武隆隧道Ⅳ级围岩物理力学参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
围岩名称重度/（kN·m-3）饱和抗压强度/MPa内摩擦角φ/°粘聚力c/kPa
粉砂质页岩26.8015.4037.91848
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348143059966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Ⅳparameters of upper bench drilling and blasting in surrounding rock

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮孔类型孔号雷管段别孔深/m孔距/m单孔装药量/kg孔数/个总装药量/kg斜（外）插角度/°
上掏槽孔9~1414.50.553.00618.055
下掏槽孔1~814.50.503.30826.445
掘进孔15~2434.50.752.701027.060
25~3454.50.702.401024.065
35~4474.30.752.401024.075
45~5494.30.602.401024.080
55~65114.21.202.101123.185
66~86134.21.801.802137.890
周边孔87~134154.00.500.654831.2-4
底板孔135~144134.51.403.601036.0-8
合计144 // 144271.5/
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348252110852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Ⅳ级围岩上台阶钻爆参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮孔类型孔号雷管段别孔深/m孔距/m单孔装药量/kg孔数/个总装药量/kg斜（外）插角度/°
上掏槽孔9~1414.50.553.00618.055
下掏槽孔1~814.50.503.30826.445
掘进孔15~2434.50.752.701027.060
25~3454.50.702.401024.065
35~4474.30.752.401024.075
45~5494.30.602.401024.080
55~65114.21.202.101123.185
66~86134.21.801.802137.890
周边孔87~134154.00.500.654831.2-4
底板孔135~144134.51.403.601036.0-8
合计144 // 144271.5/
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348356968462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Blast parameters for peripheral holes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
围岩级别 E/cm W/cm m K
Ⅳ50630.81.56
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348478603286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

周边孔钻爆参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
围岩级别 E/cm W/cm m K
Ⅳ50630.81.56
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348604432420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Peripheral hole blasting cycle parameters table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验循环周边眼单孔装药量/kg装药集中度/（kg·m-1）
10.05×60.0750
20.1+0.075×50.1200
30.1×60.1500
40.15+0.1×50.1625
50.2+0.1×50.1750
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348726067245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

周边孔爆破循环参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验循环周边眼单孔装药量/kg装药集中度/（kg·m-1）
10.05×60.0750
20.1+0.075×50.1200
30.1×60.1500
40.15+0.1×50.1625
50.2+0.1×50.1750
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348851896375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Statistics of blasting effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验循环炮孔残留率/%炮孔利用率/%平均线性超（+）欠（-）挖/cm
19085-5.0
29690+15.3
39585+16.6
49393+18.9
59095+19.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241769348973531198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

爆破效果统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验循环炮孔残留率/%炮孔利用率/%平均线性超（+）欠（-）挖/cm
19085-5.0
29690+15.3
39585+16.6
49393+18.9
59095+19.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349065805892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Peripheral hole blasting cycle parameters table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验循环周边眼单孔装药量/kg装药集中度/（kg·m-1）
10.600.15
20.450.12
30.3/0.450.075/0.12
40.3/0.600.075/0.15
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349166469198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

周边孔爆破循环参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验循环周边眼单孔装药量/kg装药集中度/（kg·m-1）
10.600.15
20.450.12
30.3/0.450.075/0.12
40.3/0.600.075/0.15
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349250355283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Statistics of blasting effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验循环炮孔残留率/%炮孔利用率/%平均线性超（+）欠（-）挖/cm
12196+26.8
22593+25.2
33291+24.0
43094+25.4
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349359407194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

爆破效果统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验循环炮孔残留率/%炮孔利用率/%平均线性超（+）欠（-）挖/cm
12196+26.8
22593+25.2
33291+24.0
43094+25.4
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349493624932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Peripheral hole blasting cycle parameters table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验循环周边眼单孔装药量/kg装药集中度/（kg·m-1）
10.6000.150
20.5250.130
30.4500.120
40.3000.075
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349585899625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

周边孔爆破循环参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验循环周边眼单孔装药量/kg装药集中度/（kg·m-1）
10.6000.150
20.5250.130
30.4500.120
40.3000.075
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349694951537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Statistics of blasting effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验循环炮孔残留率/%炮孔利用率/%平均线性超（+）欠（-）挖/cm
17093+21.8
28096+19.6
39096+18.4
45090-7.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241769349954998394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769331550392542, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

爆破效果统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验循环炮孔残留率/%炮孔利用率/%平均线性超（+）欠（-）挖/cm
17093+21.8
28096+19.6
39096+18.4
45090-7.0
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粉砂质页岩隧道周边孔装药结构及装药量对爆破效果影响研究
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张建国 , 杨文 , 拜晓亮 , 赵海钦 , 蒋欢 , 李家宏 , 段聪 , 刘振江 , 王红云
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024,41(1): 85-91
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024, 41(1): 85-91
粉砂质页岩隧道周边孔装药结构及装药量对爆破效果影响研究
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张建国 , 杨文, 拜晓亮, 赵海钦, 蒋欢, 李家宏, 段聪, 刘振江, 王红云
作者信息
  • 中交二公局　隧道工程公司，西安　710000

    • 张建国（1968-），男，学士、教授级高级工程师，从事隧道爆破施工方面的研究，（E-mail）。

    ZHANG Jian-guo (1968-), male, bachelor, professor-level senior engineer, engaged in research on tunnel blasting construction, (E-mail) .

Influence of Charge Structure of Peripheral Hole on Blasting Effect of Silty Shale Tunnel
Jian-guo ZHANG , Wen YANG, Xiao-liang BAI, Hai-qin ZHAO, Huan JIANG, Jia-hong LI, Cong DUAN, Zhen-jiang LIU, Hong-yun WANG
Affiliations
  • China Communications Second Highway Engineering Bureau Co, LTD, Tunnel Engineering Co, Xi′an 710000, China
出版时间: 2024-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.012
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摘要
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光面爆破技术是目前控制隧道超欠挖的主要手段，为进一步探究周边孔装药结构及装药量对爆破效果的影响。以武隆隧道粉砂质页岩段为研究对象，采用现场爆破试验方法，分别进行了周边孔不同装药结构下不同单孔装药量爆破试验。结果表明：周边孔采用导爆索空气间隔装药结构，装药量为0.1+0.075×5 kg时爆破效果最佳，周边孔残留率96%，平均线性超挖为15.3 cm。采用雷管空气间隔装药结构，装药量为0.45 kg时爆破效果最佳，周边孔残留率可达90%，平均线性超挖18.4 cm。采用连续装药结构进行爆破，装药量为0.3/0.45 kg时爆破效果最佳，周边孔残留率32%，平均线性超挖量为24 cm。周边孔采用间隔装药结构可以有效提高爆破效果，保证周边孔炮孔残留率在50%以上，减小隧道超挖量；采用导爆索间隔装药爆破效果最佳，周边孔炮孔残留率在90%以上，雷管间隔装药结构爆破效果次之，炮孔残留率在70%以上，连续装药结构爆破效果最差，炮孔残留率50%以下。同时，通过现场试验证明：除采用导爆索空气间隔装药结构外，周边孔也可采用雷管空气间隔装药结构控制隧道超挖。

山岭隧道  /  粉砂质页岩  /  装药结构  /  装药量  /  爆破效果

The smooth blasting technology is the main means to control the over excavation and under excavation of tunnels at present. In order to explore the influence of the charge structure and charge amount of peripheral holes on the blasting effect, a series of single hole blasting tests were conducted in the silty shale section of Wulong Tunnel. The results show that the best blasting effect for detonating cord initiation can be achieved when a decked peripheral hole is charged with 0.1+0.075 5 kg of explosive. At this time, the residual rate of peripheral holes is 96%, and the average linear overbreak is 15.3 cm. On the other hand, the best blasting effect for detonator initiation happens when the charge amount of a peripheral hole is 0.45 kg, with the residual rate of peripheral holes as 90% and the average linear overbreak as 18.4cm. When a continuous charging structure is adopted for the peripheral holes, the best blasting effect appears as the charging amount is 0.3/0.45 kg. In this case, the residual rate of surrounding holes is 32% and the average linear over excavation amount is 24 cm. The decking charge structure of the peripheral holes can effectively improve the blasting effect, which ensures the residual rate of peripheral holes is more than 50% and reduces the tunnel over-excavation. By comparison, the blasting effect, in the order from best to worst, is ranked as detonating cord with decking, detonator with decking and continuous charge, respectively. And their residual rates of peripheral holes are more than 90%, more than 70%, and less than 50%, respectively. It is proved that both the detonating cord with decking charge structure and the detonator with decking charge structure can be used for surrounding holes to control tunnel over-excavation.

mountain tunnel  /  silty shale  /  charge structure  /  charge quantity  /  blasting effect
张建国, 杨文, 拜晓亮, 赵海钦, 蒋欢, 李家宏, 段聪, 刘振江, 王红云. 粉砂质页岩隧道周边孔装药结构及装药量对爆破效果影响研究. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (1) : 85 -91 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.012
Jian-guo ZHANG, Wen YANG, Xiao-liang BAI, Hai-qin ZHAO, Huan JIANG, Jia-hong LI, Cong DUAN, Zhen-jiang LIU, Hong-yun WANG. Influence of Charge Structure of Peripheral Hole on Blasting Effect of Silty Shale Tunnel[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (1) : 85 -91 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.012
正文
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光面爆破是一种能按照设计开挖轮廓线爆破岩体，使巷道周壁或开挖面平整，并使围岩不受明显破坏的控制爆破技术[1]。周边孔爆破时，在两相邻炮孔连心线上形成贯穿裂缝，产生平整断裂面，能较好的控制超挖情况。同时，周边孔不耦合装药能降低爆炸冲击波的峰值压力[2]。
目前在隧道光面爆破开挖施工中，大量应用周边孔空气间隔装药结构，它能够保证开挖轮廓面光滑平整，减小围岩损伤，保持围岩完整性和承载力[3]。秦桂芳等利用有限元软件开展了径向不耦合装药系数及周边孔间距计算[4]，优化得到了合适的爆破参数，通过现场试验取得了较好的爆破效果。宋鹏伟等基于聚能水压爆破机制[5]，采用数值模拟和现场试验，分别对聚能水压光爆的围岩动力响应特性及光爆效果进行对比研究，优化周边孔装药结构。通过数值模拟和现场试验最终确定最优装药结构。赵晓明等针对现场施工方案超挖现象[6]，采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立周边孔间隔装药结构数值计算模型，分析了不同药卷间距下周边孔模型的爆破效果，最终选择最优周边孔装药结构进行现场试验，取得较好爆破效果。谢烽等在炸药单耗相同的条件下对三种不同炮孔直径的合理空气间隔长度进行研究[7]，得到合理空气柱长度。张迅采用固、水、气三相不耦合装药结构[8]，通过现场试验确定了最佳不耦合系数范围。王圣涛等通过开展多次现场空气间隔装药结构试验[9]，提出合理爆破方案。罗志光等采用水袋、气体和乳化炸药三项材料组合的装药结构进行爆破试验[10]，取得了较好的爆破效果。Fourney W L通过实验、理论两种方法进行了空气间隔爆破技术的研究及应用[11]。上述研究主要是通过数值模拟对周边孔装药结构对爆破效果进行研究，通过改变空气柱长度和单一改变装药结构来提高爆破效果。对于现场试验不同装药结构和不同装药结构下装药量对爆破效果的影响研究较少。因此，结合具体围岩条件拟定合适的周边孔装药结构和装药量，并根据爆破效果对其动态优化调整，不断提高光面爆破开挖质量，对指导钻爆法施工具有重要的现实意义。
以渝湘项目武隆隧道光面爆破施工为依托，在保持周边孔间距、孔深、外插角度等爆破参数不变的情况下，依次开展连续装药、间隔装药不同装药结构下的装药量试验，并对不同的装药结构和装药量爆破效果进行对比，得出最佳装药结构和装药量。
1　工程地质概况
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渝湘复线巴彭路项目武隆隧道位于重庆市武隆区境内，隧址区属构造溶蚀、剥蚀中山地貌区。武隆隧道为双向六车道分离式隧道，隧道全长6615 m，隧道净空14.00×5.0 m2，最大埋深为738 m。
武隆隧道进口主要为粉砂质页岩，围岩等级为Ⅳ级，饱和极限抗压强度Rc=15.4 MPa，属软岩。试验段Ⅳ级围岩物理力学参数见表1。
2　钻爆参数设计
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2.1　掏槽孔、掘进孔爆破参数
武隆隧道试验段采用上、下两台阶开挖工法，三臂凿岩台车机械钻孔，上台阶开挖断面面积为93 m2。
在施工现场技术调查的基础上，结合超前地质预报及隧道地质围岩勘探，采用工程类比法和现场爆破实验确定武隆隧道上台阶钻爆法光面爆破开挖方案，具体见图1、图2、图3和表2。
2.2　周边孔爆破参数
（1）周边孔间距（E）：结合武隆隧道试验段具体围岩条件周边孔间距取E=50cm。
（2）周边孔密集系数（m=E/W）：周边孔密集系数过大会导致欠挖，过小会产生超挖，密集度系数过大或过小均会影响光面爆破效果。一般密集系数在0.5~0.8之间，试验取m=0.8。
（3）光爆层厚度（W）：在围岩节理裂隙较发育情况下可适当偏大，以减小因爆轰作用造成开挖轮廓面围岩过度破碎超挖的现象。光爆层厚度W=E/m=0.5/0.8=63 cm。
（4）不耦合系数（K=d/ϕ）：武隆隧道光面爆破钻爆法施工中炮孔直径d=50 mm，药卷直径ϕ=32 mm，不耦合系数K为1.56。
综上，周边孔光面爆破钻爆参数如表3所示。
3　周边孔装药结构及装药量试验
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光面爆破的效果受周边孔爆破参数的影响较大，包括周边孔装药集中度、装药结构、间距、密集度系数等。
取得光面爆破效果的关键在于周边孔炸药能量均匀分布，连续装药因炸药能量集中容易造成爆点围岩的过度破坏，间隔装药能够避免炸药能量集中引起的围岩损伤。装药量大小直接影响围岩爆破开挖成效，药量过大爆破围岩抛掷较远、爆破振动较大，药量过小不能完全爆破围岩容易导致局部欠挖，需要二次补炮处理，影响爆破作业施工效率。武隆隧道通过爆破试验循环，开展周边孔不同装药结构以及不同装药量的爆破试验，采用三维激光扫描仪实测围岩超欠挖情况，分析装药结构、装药量对爆破效果的影响。
3.1　导爆索间隔装药
周边孔采用导爆索空气间隔不耦合装药结构，试验过程中使用外径ϕ=32 mm，长度为3 m的PVC管间隔固定分节药卷。装药时提前在PVC管上按50 cm距离等间距切出装药卡槽，先将导爆索通长穿入PVC管中并插入孔底药卷连接，然后将切割分节的药卷压入卡槽与导爆索密接，最后整体装入周边孔内。装药完成后对周边孔进行堵孔，提高爆破效果，同时防止导爆索受先爆冲击波影响被“拉出”炮孔无法引爆炸药。炮孔堵塞后采用“T”型结连接孔外导爆索，结点连接紧实并置于周边孔孔口位置，确保每个炮孔可靠起爆。装药结构示意见图4、图5。
周边孔导爆索空气间隔装药结构条件下，开展不同装药量的5个爆破循环试验，每个爆破循环周边孔间距保持50 cm，光爆层厚度63 cm，炮孔深度保持4。周边孔不同循环爆破参数见表4。
各爆破循环试验现场爆破效果及三维激光扫描图，见图6。
导爆索空气间隔装药结构下不同装药量的爆破效果见表5。
现场试验表明：周边孔采用导爆索间隔装药时，炮孔残留率都在90%以上，炮孔利用率都在85%以上，开挖后平均线性超挖都在20 cm以下。试验循环1中周边孔装药集中度最小，爆破后掌子面出现局部欠挖，最大欠挖48.4 cm，炮孔利用率也不高。通过对比分析，当周边孔装药集中度在0.12 kg/m时，爆破效果最佳，爆破后既能够保证炮孔残留率和炮孔利用率，又能够较好控制隧道超挖。
3.2　连续装药
周边孔连续装药结构见图7。
周边孔连续装药结构条件下，开展不同装药量的4个爆破循环试验，保持周边孔间距50 cm、光爆层厚度63 cm，炮孔深度4 m不变。周边孔不同循环爆破参数见表6。
周边孔连续装药时，采用同段位雷管对周边孔进行引爆，保证周边孔尽可能同时起爆，实现控制围岩超欠挖的目的。各爆破循环爆破效果，见图8。
连续装药结构下不同装药量的爆破效果见表7。
现场试验表明：周边孔采用连续装药结构炮孔残留率普遍不高，残孔主要分布于拱顶部位，炮孔利用率均在90%以上。
周边孔连续装药量过大，孔底炸药能量容易集中，从而造成孔底部位超挖过大。试验循环3周边孔隔孔采用不同装药量装药，可以较好控制隧道围岩超挖。
3.3　雷管间隔装药
施工中周边孔采用连续装药结构时，易发生“挂口”现象导致隧道欠挖。为了消除周边孔“挂口”现象，开展雷管间隔装药结构试验。周边孔装药结构示意图，见图9。
周边孔雷管间隔装药结构条件下，开展不同装药量的4个爆破循环试验。周边孔不同循环爆破参数见表8。
周边孔雷管空气间隔装药结构不同装药量的爆破效果，见图10。
雷管间隔装药结构下不同装药量的爆破效果见表9。
现场试验表明：周边孔采用雷管空气间隔装药结构能够正常引爆间隔的炸药，炮孔残留率可以达到50%以上，炮孔利用率可以达到90%以上。爆破循环4单孔装药量过小，造成大面积欠挖，最大欠挖值为25.4 cm。周边孔单孔装药量0.45 kg时隧道平均线性超挖最小。
4　结论
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（1）隧道光面爆破施工中，周边孔采用导爆索空气间隔装药结构能够较好的控制隧道超欠挖，也能保证开挖轮廓面表面平顺。雷管在围岩条件允许时可以替代导爆索实现空气间隔装药。
（2）光面爆破周边孔装药量根据围岩条件调整，在满足剥离光爆层围岩能量的前提下，周边孔装药量越小，隧道开挖轮廓面围岩损伤就越小，围岩超欠挖控制效果越好，周边孔炮孔残留率也越高。
（3）采用空气间隔装药结构时，遇有围岩破碎带、软弱夹层等地质要调整药卷间隔距离，避开上述不良地质体。同时，围岩完整时适当增加周边孔孔底药量，可以有效提高炮孔利用率，加快围岩钻爆开挖进度。
（4）光面爆破效果评价指标根据具体的围岩条件确定：Ⅴ级围岩主要控制超欠挖量，Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级围岩在控制超欠挖量的同时，还要关注周边孔炮孔残留率。
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.012
  • 接收时间：2022-07-08
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2024-03-01
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    中交二公局　隧道工程公司，西安　710000
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