Article(id=1241769330904469721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1677081600000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990479446, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1709222400000, pubDateStr=2024-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990479446, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990479446, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990479446, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241769329201578292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990479040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992264087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8, endPage=13, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241769331214848219, articleId=1241769330904469721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study on Vibration Response Law of Rock Mass Block on Free Face, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Structural plane is one of the key factors controlling the local stability of rock mass engineering. It is a prerequisite for rock mass stability analysis to find out the occurrence and combination of structural planes. Geological survey is often used at present. However, a high-cost supplementary survey is often needed when there are omissions due to the limitation of this survey means. Therefore, the surface vibration response law of the structural plane model was studied by laboratory tests. The study shows that the amplitude of the particle in front of the structural plane increases for the single structural plane model. For a block model cut by two structural planes, the amplitude-amplification effect exists only in front of the structural plane far from the power input side. Furthermore, the rock mass models with different structural plane dip angles were simulated respectively. The results show that, when the angle θ between the structural plane and the ground in the direction of the explosion source is less than 90°, the particle amplitude in the incident area of the vibration wave in front of the structural plane has an obvious amplification effect, and the particle amplitude behind the structural plane significantly attenuates. With the decrease of the angle θ between the structural plane and the boundary plane, the increase rate of the peak vibration velocity of the particle in front of the structural plane gradually increases, and the amplitude of the wave amplifies 2.8 times when θ=20°.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
GUO Yun-hua (1974-), male, associate researcher, mainly engaged in teaching and research of geotechnical engineering, (E-mail) .
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结构面是控制岩体工程局部稳定的关键因素之一,查明结构面赋存及组合状态是岩体稳定性分析的前提条件,目前常采用地质调察的方法,由于勘察手段的局限性,存在遗漏时常需要补充勘察,成本耗费高。通过开展室内试验,对结构面模型的表面振动响应规律进行了研究,研究表明:对于单结构面模型,结构面前方的质点振幅存在增幅效应,对于由两条结构面切割的块体模型,仅在远离动力输入侧的结构面前方存在振幅放大效应。在试验成果的基础上开展了数值模拟分析,分别对不同结构面倾角的岩体模型进行计算,结果表明:相对于萨道夫斯基经验公式得到的振动衰减规律,当结构面与爆源方向地面夹角θ值小于90°时,结构面前方的振动波入射区域质点振幅存在明显放大效应,结构面后方质点振动幅值则显著衰减。随着结构面与边界面夹角θ的减小,结构面前质点峰值振速增幅率逐渐增大,并在θ=20°时波幅放大2.8倍。通过合理布置爆破振动监测测点,这一规律为爆破工程中识别结构面及块体提供判据。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
郭运华(1974-),男,副研究员,主要从事岩土工程方面的教学与研究工作,(E-mail)
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沙剑鸣(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地下工程岩体稳定性监测方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

SHA Jian-ming (1998-), male, master degree, mainly engaged in the research work on the stability monitoring of underground engineering rocks, (E-mail) .

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沙剑鸣(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地下工程岩体稳定性监测方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

SHA Jian-ming (1998-), male, master degree, mainly engaged in the research work on the stability monitoring of underground engineering rocks, (E-mail) .

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沙剑鸣(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地下工程岩体稳定性监测方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

SHA Jian-ming (1998-), male, master degree, mainly engaged in the research work on the stability monitoring of underground engineering rocks, (E-mail) .

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Study on the propagation and attenuation law of explosive stress wave in the joint rock mass under different stress[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2018. 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岩体临空面块体振动响应规律研究
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沙剑鸣 1 , 郭运华 1 , 翟浪宝 1 , 罗忆 1, 2 , 李新平 1, 2
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024,41(1): 8-13
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2024, 41(1): 8-13
岩体临空面块体振动响应规律研究
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沙剑鸣1 , 郭运华1 , 翟浪宝1, 罗忆1, 2, 李新平1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.武汉理工大学 土木工程与建筑学院,武汉 430070
  • 2.武汉理工大学 三亚科教创新园,三亚 572024
  • 沙剑鸣(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地下工程岩体稳定性监测方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

    SHA Jian-ming (1998-), male, master degree, mainly engaged in the research work on the stability monitoring of underground engineering rocks, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

郭运华(1974-),男,副研究员,主要从事岩土工程方面的教学与研究工作,(E-mail)
Study on Vibration Response Law of Rock Mass Block on Free Face
Jian-ming SHA1 , Yun-hua GUO1 , Lang-bao ZHAI1, Yi LUO1, 2, Xin-ping LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 2.Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572024, China
出版时间: 2024-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.002
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结构面是控制岩体工程局部稳定的关键因素之一,查明结构面赋存及组合状态是岩体稳定性分析的前提条件,目前常采用地质调察的方法,由于勘察手段的局限性,存在遗漏时常需要补充勘察,成本耗费高。通过开展室内试验,对结构面模型的表面振动响应规律进行了研究,研究表明:对于单结构面模型,结构面前方的质点振幅存在增幅效应,对于由两条结构面切割的块体模型,仅在远离动力输入侧的结构面前方存在振幅放大效应。在试验成果的基础上开展了数值模拟分析,分别对不同结构面倾角的岩体模型进行计算,结果表明:相对于萨道夫斯基经验公式得到的振动衰减规律,当结构面与爆源方向地面夹角θ值小于90°时,结构面前方的振动波入射区域质点振幅存在明显放大效应,结构面后方质点振动幅值则显著衰减。随着结构面与边界面夹角θ的减小,结构面前质点峰值振速增幅率逐渐增大,并在θ=20°时波幅放大2.8倍。通过合理布置爆破振动监测测点,这一规律为爆破工程中识别结构面及块体提供判据。

节理岩体  /  岩石块体  /  临空面  /  振动响应  /  衰减特性

Structural plane is one of the key factors controlling the local stability of rock mass engineering. It is a prerequisite for rock mass stability analysis to find out the occurrence and combination of structural planes. Geological survey is often used at present. However, a high-cost supplementary survey is often needed when there are omissions due to the limitation of this survey means. Therefore, the surface vibration response law of the structural plane model was studied by laboratory tests. The study shows that the amplitude of the particle in front of the structural plane increases for the single structural plane model. For a block model cut by two structural planes, the amplitude-amplification effect exists only in front of the structural plane far from the power input side. Furthermore, the rock mass models with different structural plane dip angles were simulated respectively. The results show that, when the angle θ between the structural plane and the ground in the direction of the explosion source is less than 90°, the particle amplitude in the incident area of the vibration wave in front of the structural plane has an obvious amplification effect, and the particle amplitude behind the structural plane significantly attenuates. With the decrease of the angle θ between the structural plane and the boundary plane, the increase rate of the peak vibration velocity of the particle in front of the structural plane gradually increases, and the amplitude of the wave amplifies 2.8 times when θ=20°.

joint rock mass  /  rock block  /  free face  /  vibration response  /  attenuation characteristics
沙剑鸣, 郭运华, 翟浪宝, 罗忆, 李新平. 岩体临空面块体振动响应规律研究. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (1) : 8 -13 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.002
Jian-ming SHA, Yun-hua GUO, Lang-bao ZHAI, Yi LUO, Xin-ping LI. Study on Vibration Response Law of Rock Mass Block on Free Face[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (1) : 8 -13 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.002
自然界岩体中广泛分布着节理、裂隙及断层等结构面,在爆破开挖过程中,节理岩体的存在不仅会降低岩体的力学性能,还会影响到爆破振动波的传播衰减[1-3];对于多组节理切割情形,爆破施工甚至会诱发关键块体滑移变形导致围岩失稳[4,5]。因此,有必要研究动力条件下节理岩体的响应规律,及时探查潜在的结构面及岩石块体,为岩体加固方案提供设计依据。
节理的几何特征及力学特性对爆破振动波传播的影响一直是相关研究的重点。张秀丽等通过离散介质法DDA程序研究了节理面对爆破应力波传播特性的影响[6],得出节理的存在能促进波的衰减,且节理面的数量越多对波的阻抗越大,反射的波越多;董千等通过开展模型试验[7],基于节理前后应力和应变的时程曲线变化规律,分析了不同围压、侧压力系数、节理角度和数量对应力波能量传递规律的影响;叶海旺等采用小包波分析和ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟软件分析研究了地震波穿过结构面时的爆破振动信号传播规律[8],结果表明高频信号受结构面影响转变为了低频振动能量;刘婷婷等[9]、FAN等通过离散单元法分析了爆炸应力波在不连续介质中的能量衰减过程[10];并得到了爆破地震波在不同类型结构面中的传播规律;ZHU等研究了入射角度、节理几何特征及力学特性等因素对波传播的影响[11,12]
综上,目前对节理岩体的振动传播规律的研究主要是针对岩体内部的,而关于节理岩体表面的振动响应规律的研究还较少,尤其涉及由多组结构面形成的临空面块体的振动响应研究几乎处于空白阶段。针对上述问题,通过室内试验与数值模拟的方式开展试验研究,制作临空面模型试件,以云母片作为结构面的相似材料模拟充填节理,研究动力条件下临空面的振动响应规律,试验结果与数值研究结果相吻合,分析了单结构面模型和临空面块体的振动信号传播衰减规律,成果可以为爆破工程中识别结构面以及块体提供参考。
本实验对完整模型、单结构面模型、双结构面切割块体模型分别进行边界面振动测试。本实验模型采用石膏模拟,以石膏∶水=1∶0.8的配比浇筑为长45 cm、宽30 cm、高28 cm的石膏块。单结构面模型采用同尺寸石膏模型进行切缝充填,充填物为厚度2.0 mm的云母板,通过对云母板进行法向加载,得到其初始法向刚度为11.5 GPa/m。结构面与模型试块表面夹角为60°。结构面布局示意图如图1所示。双结构面模型为一组交叉结构面切割形成块体模型,两组结构面与模型试块顶面夹角为60°和120°。交叉结构面布局示意图如图1所示。将模型底部边界与水平地表粘合,石膏板的四周边界面均涂抹一层0.3 cm厚的黏性阻尼液以吸收边界振动,模型底部涂抹一层石膏浆液与大地相连。
振动测试设备采用东华DH5960超动态信号测试分析系统,对模型表面振动加速度进行监测分析,为得到更加精确的结果,测试系统采样频率设置为500 kHz,监测用传感器为同厂家提供的标准压电式加速度传感器,灵敏度为1 mV/m·s-2,量程5000 m·s-2
模型表面加速度测点布设方案如图2所示,共布设十个加速度监测点,各个传感器间距为4 cm。为使振动测试数据更加准确,用石膏将传感器底部粘合在石膏模型表面,待石膏固化后传感器与模型紧密连接,与模型表面形成整体,便于后续振动数据采集。
动载输入点位于1号监测点左端4 cm处,与各监测点共线,以锤击方式输入振动。
完整模型试验中,从采集到的整体波形来看,第一个波峰的信息最丰富,没有受到边界反射波的影响,因而本实验主要对各测点采集的首波进行研究。可以看出,质点振动峰值加速度随着监测点到动力输入点距离的增长呈衰减趋势,且在靠近锤击点处急剧衰减,远区放缓,这种规律符合萨道夫斯基公式。
单结构面模型振动试验中,其余条件与完整模型试验相同,取10个监测点采集的加速度时程信息,将拟合的峰值曲线及实测值绘制于图3中。可以看到,靠近爆源测结构面的监测点7加速度幅值显著增长高于拟合值。在结构面远离动力输入侧,监测点8加速度剧烈衰减且低于拟合值。
对于由一组交叉结构面切割形成的块体模型,在监测点轴线上锤击模型表面,得到质点峰值加速度随距离变化的衰减曲线,为进一步研究振动在自由边界面的衰减特征,对输出的振动加速度幅值进行回归分析,峰值振动加速度B取用经验公式进行计算
式中:A为常数;R为质点距振动中心距离。式(1)两边取对数后,进行一元线性回归,最终确定Aα的值,得到质点峰值加速度表达式
用式(2)计算各监测点峰值振动加速度,并将衰减曲线拟合值与实测值绘入图3。近锤击点的结构面右侧测点加速度迅速衰减,质点振幅远小于拟合值;远结构面左侧监测点6加速度幅值增大,后续监测质点加速度随距离呈衰减趋势,且小于拟合值。
为研究结构面倾角对岩体临空面振动响应的影响,采用离散元软件UDEC建立计算模型,计算模型如图4所示,模型尺寸为50 m×100 m,结构面与临空面夹角θ分别取20°、30°、45°、60°、70°、90°、110°、120°、135°、150°、160°,因篇幅原因,本文仅绘制部分计算模型作为示意图。模型的上下及右边界设置为黏滞边界,即模型左侧为临空面。岩体模型假定为线弹性各向同性体,岩石密度ρ=2650 kg/m3,岩体设置为线弹性模型,体积模量和剪切模量设置为25 GPa和17 GPa。节理设置为库伦滑移模型,法向和切向刚度分别取为20 GPa和5 GPa。将11个监测点以5 m间距均匀布设在临空面上,动力计算时,在模型左临空面施加正弦入射波,振幅A为1.25 m/s,入射波频率f为250 Hz,持续一个完整的周期0.004 s。
结果显示水平质点振幅远高于垂向振幅,因此仅对具代表性的水平向振幅进行分析。将各监测点处水平向振动速度峰值随距离衰减曲线绘于图5中,可以看出,无节理岩体临空面振幅衰减符合萨道夫斯基公式。
对于单结构面岩体,选取具代表性的振幅衰减曲线绘入图5中,可以看到,结构面前的监测点5振速幅值存在一定增幅作用,取该点作为验算特征点,与完整岩体对应的测点振幅差值和该点振幅之比定义为增幅率,θ小于等于90°时,随着结构面与边界面夹角θ的减小,峰值振速增幅率逐渐增大,θ=20°时,增幅率为达到峰值280.04%;θ大于90°时,振幅增幅率在±10%的范围内波动。
监测结构面后的测点振速幅值数据表明,应力波能量在结构面处耗散,结构面后方监测点6振幅迅速衰减并小于完整模型对应测点振幅,取该点作为特征验算点,与完整岩体对应测点振幅差值和该点振幅之比定义为降幅率,出射波降幅率随着θ的增大先增加后减小,最大降幅率于θ=90°处,为81.55%。
各监测点处峰值加速度随距离衰减曲线如图5所示中,可以看出,监测点的振动加速度幅值与振动速度幅值的衰减趋势较为一致,这表明结构面倾角对岩体临空面振动响应有较大影响。
根据结构面与边界交点的相对位置,将与边界切割形成块体的两条结构面分别定义为上结构面与下结构面,结构面与临空面夹角分别为θ1θ2,两条结构面形成块体的必要条件是θ1<θ2。为研究临空面块体的振动响应规律,根据θ1θ2的相对关系,分别建立如图6所示的块体模型,研究不同类型块体的振动衰减特征。
基于数值模拟结果,绘制质点振幅随距离衰减规律曲线,如图7所示。可以看到,速度和加速度衰减规律基本一致,当θ2<90°<θ1时,下结构面近爆源侧质点振幅低于无结构面时相应的质点振幅,上结构面近爆源测的质点振幅放大;θ2<θ1<90°时,上下结构面前入射波均出现明显的振幅放大效应;当90°<θ2<θ1时,经过下结构面后质点振幅迅速衰减,未体现出明显的振幅放大效应。
针对单结构面岩体及岩体临空面块体,采用模型试验、数值模拟的方法研究了结构面倾角对岩体表面振动响应规律的影响及典型块体表面的动力响应,得到的主要结论如下:
(1)对于单结构面岩体,当结构面与爆源方向地面夹角θ值小于90°时,结构面前方振动波入射区域质点振动幅值存在明显放大效应,结构面后方监测点幅值则显著衰减。
(2)对于单结构面岩体,θ值小于90°时,随着θ的减小,结构面前质点峰值振速增幅率逐渐增大,结构面后方质点降幅率与θ呈正相关;θ大于90°时,增幅率在±10%的范围内波动,降幅率与θ呈负相关。
(3)对于含临空面块体的岩体,三种不同结构面倾角典型块体的动力响应规律存在显著差异,且当上下结构面与临空面夹角均小于90°时结构面前后方质点振幅放大。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51979208)
  • 三亚崖州湾科技城管理局重大科技项目(SKJC-KJ-2019KY02)
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2024年第41卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.002
  • 接收时间:2023-02-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-23
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51979208)
国家自然科学基金项目(51979208)
Major Science and Technology Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City Administration(SKJC-KJ-2019KY02)
三亚崖州湾科技城管理局重大科技项目(SKJC-KJ-2019KY02)
作者信息
    1.武汉理工大学 土木工程与建筑学院,武汉 430070
    2.武汉理工大学 三亚科教创新园,三亚 572024

通讯作者:

郭运华(1974-),男,副研究员,主要从事岩土工程方面的教学与研究工作,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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