Article(id=1241769330807996732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699372800000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990479423, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1709222400000, pubDateStr=2024-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990479423, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990479423, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990479423, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241769329201578292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2024', volume='41', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990479040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992264087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241776816298459160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241769329201578292, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=59, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241769331135152448, articleId=1241769330807996732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Evaluation on Rock Mass Blastability of Deep Hole Bench Blasting in Changtan Open-pit Mine based on CWM and CM, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In deep hole bench blasting, the classification of rock mass under different geological conditions according to its blastability is the premise for determining and optimizing blasting parameters. It is of great significance to improve blasting efficiency and effect and reduce blasting costs. Combined with the actual blasting excavation of Changtan open-pit coal mine, relevant indexes of rock mass blastability classification were obtained through on-site single-hole blasting crater tests, rock mass acoustic wave tests and laboratory rock mechanical tests. Furthermore, the blastability of stripped rock mass in Changtan open-pit coal mine was classified and evaluated based on the combination weighting (CWM) and cloud model (CM). The results show that the blastability of gray-green coarse sandstone at the 1130 platform is gradeⅢ (medium). The blastability of yellow-green medium sandstone at the 1115 platform is grade Ⅱ (more difficult to be broken by blasting). The blastability of purple-red sandy mudstone at the 1100 platform is grade Ⅰ (difficult to be broken by blasting). The blastability of purple mudstone at the 1145 platform is gradeⅢ (medium).

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHOU Chuan-bo (1963-), male, professor, Ph. D, mainly engaged in engineering blasting, geotechnical engineering research, (E-mail) .
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在深孔台阶爆破中,对不同地质条件下的岩体按其可爆性进行分级,是进行爆破参数优选优化,确定合理爆破参数的前提,对提高矿区生产爆破效率,改善爆破效果、降低爆破成本具有重要意义。结合长滩露天煤矿爆破开挖实际,通过现场单孔爆破漏斗试验、岩体声波测试、室内岩石力学试验,获取了岩体体可爆性分级相关指标。基于组合赋权(CWM)和云模型(CM)的可爆性分级方法,对长滩露天煤矿剥离岩体的可爆性进行了分级评价。结果表明长滩露天矿正在剥离爆破的4个平台岩体可爆性为:1130平盘主要分布灰绿色粗砂岩,可爆性为Ⅲ级(中等);1115平盘主要岩性为黄绿色中砂岩,可爆性为Ⅱ级(较难爆);1100平盘是紫红色砂质泥岩,可爆性为Ⅰ级(难爆);1145平盘主要以紫红色泥岩为主,可爆性为Ⅲ级(中等)。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
周传波(1963-),男,教授,从事工程爆破、岩土工程方面的研究,(E-mail)
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史涵虚(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事工程爆破、岩石动力学方面研究,(E-mail)

SHI Han-xu (1998-), male, master, mainly engaged in engineering blasting, rock dynamics research, (E-mail) .

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史涵虚(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事工程爆破、岩石动力学方面研究,(E-mail)

SHI Han-xu (1998-), male, master, mainly engaged in engineering blasting, rock dynamics research, (E-mail) .

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史涵虚(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事工程爆破、岩石动力学方面研究,(E-mail)

SHI Han-xu (1998-), male, master, mainly engaged in engineering blasting, rock dynamics research, (E-mail) .

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figureFileBig=h5ip7othrKzjS1ky9J+o1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769343378326321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Blasting effect of crater tests with 0.8 m hole depth at each platform, figureFileSmall=BGRFYEmOBtWymII1zE6A6g==, figureFileBig=LYYOgm/ApJp8RdscDABMBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769343487378235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各平盘爆破漏斗试验0.8 m孔深爆破效果图, figureFileSmall=BGRFYEmOBtWymII1zE6A6g==, figureFileBig=LYYOgm/ApJp8RdscDABMBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769343588041545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Characteristic curve of blasting crater, figureFileSmall=vwvvG9TRERDec6qsEh2vAA==, figureFileBig=ytjEgeys7dNwWswm4jluGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769343713870673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=CN, label=图5, caption=爆破漏斗特征曲线, figureFileSmall=vwvvG9TRERDec6qsEh2vAA==, figureFileBig=ytjEgeys7dNwWswm4jluGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769343831311200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Normal cloud membership function cloud diagram of each index, figureFileSmall=jsWjHNN+qDPMYsyhqsZLtA==, figureFileBig=Bu5naRR28D3xDme//UhK/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769343944557420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各指标正态云隶属度函数云图, figureFileSmall=jsWjHNN+qDPMYsyhqsZLtA==, figureFileBig=Bu5naRR28D3xDme//UhK/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241769344091358067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physical and mechanical properties of different rocks

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩石类型真密度/(kg·m-3密度/(kg·m-3单轴抗压强度/MPa内摩擦角/(°′)凝聚力/MPa RQD
砾岩2660~26702320~255016.2~32.7
砂质砾岩2620~26302260~23244.8~22.433°41′6.048~69
粗砂岩2565~30502117~5878.1~49.922°46′~39°14′2.4~16.751~81
中砂岩2618~29502140~243028.4~45.525°19′~31°46′4.7~15.472~86
细砂岩2596~29302310~254614.5~62.84°46′~28°25′12.9~23.271~91
粉砂岩2590~27902480~250022.9~48.125°32′~36°15′11.8~12.373~92
砂质泥岩2566~27902360~27307.0~123.215°22′~29°42′9.8~20.348~96
砂质粘土岩2700~28402440~25009.9~25.553~82
泥岩2282~29202224~26804.8~107.717°55′~34°55′7.3~11.446~91
粘土岩2590~27202460~26704.1~39.769~85
泥灰岩2670~274611.4~20.369~85
), ArticleFig(id=1241769344187827067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同岩石物理力学性质概况表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩石类型真密度/(kg·m-3密度/(kg·m-3单轴抗压强度/MPa内摩擦角/(°′)凝聚力/MPa RQD
砾岩2660~26702320~255016.2~32.7
砂质砾岩2620~26302260~23244.8~22.433°41′6.048~69
粗砂岩2565~30502117~5878.1~49.922°46′~39°14′2.4~16.751~81
中砂岩2618~29502140~243028.4~45.525°19′~31°46′4.7~15.472~86
细砂岩2596~29302310~254614.5~62.84°46′~28°25′12.9~23.271~91
粉砂岩2590~27902480~250022.9~48.125°32′~36°15′11.8~12.373~92
砂质泥岩2566~27902360~27307.0~123.215°22′~29°42′9.8~20.348~96
砂质粘土岩2700~28402440~25009.9~25.553~82
泥岩2282~29202224~26804.8~107.717°55′~34°55′7.3~11.446~91
粘土岩2590~27202460~26704.1~39.769~85
泥灰岩2670~274611.4~20.369~85
), ArticleFig(id=1241769344288490367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Density test and calculation table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性试样序号灰绿色粗砂岩黄绿色中砂岩紫红色砂质泥岩紫红色泥岩
12121212
质量M/g136.94137.30142.89141.48146.84145.07136.71138.02
体积V/cm358.958.958.958.958.958.958.958.9
密度ρ/(g·cm-32.3252.3312.4262.4022.4932.4632.3212.343
密度平均值/(g·cm-32.3092.4142.4782.332
岩石单轴抗压强度fcu/MPa36.742.865.231.6
), ArticleFig(id=1241769344405930889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

密度测试及计算数据表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性试样序号灰绿色粗砂岩黄绿色中砂岩紫红色砂质泥岩紫红色泥岩
12121212
质量M/g136.94137.30142.89141.48146.84145.07136.71138.02
体积V/cm358.958.958.958.958.958.958.958.9
密度ρ/(g·cm-32.3252.3312.4262.4022.4932.4632.3212.343
密度平均值/(g·cm-32.3092.4142.4782.332
岩石单轴抗压强度fcu/MPa36.742.865.231.6
), ArticleFig(id=1241769344489816976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Statistical table of acoustic wave test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验场次岩性 Vpr/(km·s-1 Vpm/(km·s-1 Kv
第一次灰绿色粗砂岩3.8342.5430.44
第二次黄绿色中砂岩4.3133.3960.62
第三次紫红色砂质泥岩3.1912.6460.69
第四次紫红色泥岩3.1122.2220.51
), ArticleFig(id=1241769344661783451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

声波测试结果统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验场次岩性 Vpr/(km·s-1 Vpm/(km·s-1 Kv
第一次灰绿色粗砂岩3.8342.5430.44
第二次黄绿色中砂岩4.3133.3960.62
第三次紫红色砂质泥岩3.1912.6460.69
第四次紫红色泥岩3.1122.2220.51
), ArticleFig(id=1241769344754058144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Statistics of field test results of blasting crater

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验地点及岩性炮孔深度D/m药包中心埋深L/m深度比Δ漏斗半径r/m漏斗深度W/m漏斗体积V/m3单耗q/(kg·m-3单位炸药爆破体积/(m3·kg-1
1130平盘(灰绿色粗砂岩)0.40.260.2710.730.430.28001.07200.9330
0.50.360.3751.010.460.49000.61701.6210
0.60.460.4790.920.450.44600.67301.4870
0.70.560.5830.780.500.37600.79801.2530
0.80.660.6880.680.550.28301.06000.9430
1.00.860.8960.720.600.26401.13600.8800
1115平盘(黄绿色中砂岩)0.40.260.3020.780.420.27001.07000.9330
0.50.360.4190.840.520.39000.76001.3120
0.60.460.5350.710.550.29851.00500.9950
0.70.560.6510.510.500.25241.18900.8410
0.80.660.7670.570.550.21771.37800.7260
0.90.760.8840.570.500.15721.90800.5240
1100平盘(紫红色砂质泥岩)0.40.260.2710.520.420.12002.50000.4000
0.50.360.3750.610.510.19001.58000.6330
0.60.460.4790.800.300.22741.31900.7580
0.70.560.5830.720.390.24561.22100.8190
0.80.660.6880.540.180.16231.84800.5410
0.90.760.7920.290.080.09153.27900.3050
1145平盘(紫红色泥岩)0.40.260.3420.320.340.03608.33000.1200
0.50.360.4740.480.490.10502.86000.3500
0.60.460.6050.670.430.20301.47560.6777
0.70.560.7370.730.400.35330.84911.1777
0.80.660.8680.340.310.14282.10080.4760
1.10.961.2630.310.170.029210.2740 0.0973
), ArticleFig(id=1241769344858915749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

爆破漏斗现场试验结果统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验地点及岩性炮孔深度D/m药包中心埋深L/m深度比Δ漏斗半径r/m漏斗深度W/m漏斗体积V/m3单耗q/(kg·m-3单位炸药爆破体积/(m3·kg-1
1130平盘(灰绿色粗砂岩)0.40.260.2710.730.430.28001.07200.9330
0.50.360.3751.010.460.49000.61701.6210
0.60.460.4790.920.450.44600.67301.4870
0.70.560.5830.780.500.37600.79801.2530
0.80.660.6880.680.550.28301.06000.9430
1.00.860.8960.720.600.26401.13600.8800
1115平盘(黄绿色中砂岩)0.40.260.3020.780.420.27001.07000.9330
0.50.360.4190.840.520.39000.76001.3120
0.60.460.5350.710.550.29851.00500.9950
0.70.560.6510.510.500.25241.18900.8410
0.80.660.7670.570.550.21771.37800.7260
0.90.760.8840.570.500.15721.90800.5240
1100平盘(紫红色砂质泥岩)0.40.260.2710.520.420.12002.50000.4000
0.50.360.3750.610.510.19001.58000.6330
0.60.460.4790.800.300.22741.31900.7580
0.70.560.5830.720.390.24561.22100.8190
0.80.660.6880.540.180.16231.84800.5410
0.90.760.7920.290.080.09153.27900.3050
1145平盘(紫红色泥岩)0.40.260.3420.320.340.03608.33000.1200
0.50.360.4740.480.490.10502.86000.3500
0.60.460.6050.670.430.20301.47560.6777
0.70.560.7370.730.400.35330.84911.1777
0.80.660.8680.340.310.14282.10080.4760
1.10.961.2630.310.170.029210.2740 0.0973
), ArticleFig(id=1241769344967967666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Standard table of rock mass blastability classification

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分级指标和等级岩石密度ρ/(g·cm-3抗压强度fcu/MPa炸药单耗q/(kg·m-3完整性系数η可爆性评价
Ⅰ级3.3~3.6110~1501~1.50.75~1难爆
Ⅱ级3.1~3.390~1100.8~10.55~0.75较难爆
Ⅲ级2.8~3.170~900.6~0.80.35~0.55中等
Ⅳ级2.5~2.850~700.4~0.60.05~0.35较易爆
Ⅴ级2~2.50~500.2~0.40~0.05易爆
), ArticleFig(id=1241769345077019578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

岩体可爆性分级标准表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分级指标和等级岩石密度ρ/(g·cm-3抗压强度fcu/MPa炸药单耗q/(kg·m-3完整性系数η可爆性评价
Ⅰ级3.3~3.6110~1501~1.50.75~1难爆
Ⅱ级3.1~3.390~1100.8~10.55~0.75较难爆
Ⅲ级2.8~3.170~900.6~0.80.35~0.55中等
Ⅳ级2.5~2.850~700.4~0.60.05~0.35较易爆
Ⅴ级2~2.50~500.2~0.40~0.05易爆
), ArticleFig(id=1241769345207043009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Relative importance score table of each index

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 岩石密度ρ/(g·cm-3抗压强度fcu/MPa炸药单耗q/(kg·m-3完整性系数η
岩石密度ρ/(g·cm-311/21/31/3
抗压强度fcu/MPa211/21/2
炸药单耗q/(kg·m-33211
完整性系数η3211
), ArticleFig(id=1241769345404175306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

各指标相对重要性打分表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 岩石密度ρ/(g·cm-3抗压强度fcu/MPa炸药单耗q/(kg·m-3完整性系数η
岩石密度ρ/(g·cm-311/21/31/3
抗压强度fcu/MPa211/21/2
炸药单耗q/(kg·m-33211
完整性系数η3211
), ArticleFig(id=1241769345525810130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Statistical table of various grading index parameters of the test site

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验场次岩性岩石密度ρ/(g·cm-3抗压强度fcu/MPa炸药单耗q/(kg·m-3完整性系数η
第一次灰绿色粗砂岩2.30936.70.610.44
第二次黄绿色中砂岩2.41442.80.770.62
第三次紫红色砂质泥岩2.47865.21.250.69
第四次紫红色泥岩2.33231.60.830.51
), ArticleFig(id=1241769345689387993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

试验场地各项分级指标参数统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验场次岩性岩石密度ρ/(g·cm-3抗压强度fcu/MPa炸药单耗q/(kg·m-3完整性系数η
第一次灰绿色粗砂岩2.30936.70.610.44
第二次黄绿色中砂岩2.41442.80.770.62
第三次紫红色砂质泥岩2.47865.21.250.69
第四次紫红色泥岩2.33231.60.830.51
), ArticleFig(id=1241769347262251999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Membership degree table of different test sites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验场次试验地点位置标高岩性隶属度
Ⅰ级Ⅱ级Ⅲ级Ⅳ级Ⅴ级
第一次1130平盘1130 m灰绿色粗砂岩0.13910.22070.60950.49510.4480
第二次1115平盘1115 m黄绿色中砂岩0.39840.62420.46610.37650.3059
第三次1100平盘1100 m紫红色砂质泥岩0.52680.36790.10520.25760.3278
第四次1145平盘1145 m紫红色泥岩0.25370.38820.51470.33050.3306
), ArticleFig(id=1241769347358720999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同试验场地等级隶属度表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验场次试验地点位置标高岩性隶属度
Ⅰ级Ⅱ级Ⅲ级Ⅳ级Ⅴ级
第一次1130平盘1130 m灰绿色粗砂岩0.13910.22070.60950.49510.4480
第二次1115平盘1115 m黄绿色中砂岩0.39840.62420.46610.37650.3059
第三次1100平盘1100 m紫红色砂质泥岩0.52680.36790.10520.25760.3278
第四次1145平盘1145 m紫红色泥岩0.25370.38820.51470.33050.3306
), ArticleFig(id=1241769347467772910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Table of blastability classification results of different test sites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性位置标高/m岩石密度ρ/(g·cm-3抗压强度fcu/MPa炸药单耗q/(kg·m-3完整性系数η分级结果
灰绿色粗砂岩11302.30936.70.610.44Ⅲ级(中等)
黄绿色中砂岩11152.41442.80.770.62Ⅱ级(较难爆)
紫红色砂质泥岩11002.47865.21.250.69Ⅰ级(难爆)
紫红色泥岩11452.33231.60.830.51Ⅲ级(中等)
), ArticleFig(id=1241769347606184950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241769330807996732, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

不同试验场地可爆性分级结果表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性位置标高/m岩石密度ρ/(g·cm-3抗压强度fcu/MPa炸药单耗q/(kg·m-3完整性系数η分级结果
灰绿色粗砂岩11302.30936.70.610.44Ⅲ级(中等)
黄绿色中砂岩11152.41442.80.770.62Ⅱ级(较难爆)
紫红色砂质泥岩11002.47865.21.250.69Ⅰ级(难爆)
紫红色泥岩11452.33231.60.830.51Ⅲ级(中等)
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基于CWM和CM的长滩露天矿深孔台阶爆破岩体可爆性评价
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史涵虚 1 , 周传波 1 , 张升 2 , 马义全 1 , 蒋楠 1 , 田飞 2
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024,41(1): 51-59
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2024, 41(1): 51-59
基于CWM和CM的长滩露天矿深孔台阶爆破岩体可爆性评价
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史涵虚1 , 周传波1 , 张升2, 马义全1, 蒋楠1, 田飞2
作者信息
  • 1.中国地质大学(武汉) 工程学院,武汉 430074
  • 2.内蒙古生力中伟爆破有限责任公司,鄂尔多斯 010300
  • 史涵虚(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事工程爆破、岩石动力学方面研究,(E-mail)

    SHI Han-xu (1998-), male, master, mainly engaged in engineering blasting, rock dynamics research, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

周传波(1963-),男,教授,从事工程爆破、岩土工程方面的研究,(E-mail)
Evaluation on Rock Mass Blastability of Deep Hole Bench Blasting in Changtan Open-pit Mine based on CWM and CM
Han-xu SHI1 , Chuan-bo ZHOU1 , Sheng ZHANG2, Yi-quan MA1, Nan JIANG1, Fei TIAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
  • 2.Inner Mongolia Shengli Zhongwei Blast Co., Ltd., Ordos 010300, China
出版时间: 2024-03-01 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.008
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在深孔台阶爆破中,对不同地质条件下的岩体按其可爆性进行分级,是进行爆破参数优选优化,确定合理爆破参数的前提,对提高矿区生产爆破效率,改善爆破效果、降低爆破成本具有重要意义。结合长滩露天煤矿爆破开挖实际,通过现场单孔爆破漏斗试验、岩体声波测试、室内岩石力学试验,获取了岩体体可爆性分级相关指标。基于组合赋权(CWM)和云模型(CM)的可爆性分级方法,对长滩露天煤矿剥离岩体的可爆性进行了分级评价。结果表明长滩露天矿正在剥离爆破的4个平台岩体可爆性为:1130平盘主要分布灰绿色粗砂岩,可爆性为Ⅲ级(中等);1115平盘主要岩性为黄绿色中砂岩,可爆性为Ⅱ级(较难爆);1100平盘是紫红色砂质泥岩,可爆性为Ⅰ级(难爆);1145平盘主要以紫红色泥岩为主,可爆性为Ⅲ级(中等)。

爆破漏斗试验  /  组合赋权  /  云模型  /  可爆性分级

In deep hole bench blasting, the classification of rock mass under different geological conditions according to its blastability is the premise for determining and optimizing blasting parameters. It is of great significance to improve blasting efficiency and effect and reduce blasting costs. Combined with the actual blasting excavation of Changtan open-pit coal mine, relevant indexes of rock mass blastability classification were obtained through on-site single-hole blasting crater tests, rock mass acoustic wave tests and laboratory rock mechanical tests. Furthermore, the blastability of stripped rock mass in Changtan open-pit coal mine was classified and evaluated based on the combination weighting (CWM) and cloud model (CM). The results show that the blastability of gray-green coarse sandstone at the 1130 platform is gradeⅢ (medium). The blastability of yellow-green medium sandstone at the 1115 platform is grade Ⅱ (more difficult to be broken by blasting). The blastability of purple-red sandy mudstone at the 1100 platform is grade Ⅰ (difficult to be broken by blasting). The blastability of purple mudstone at the 1145 platform is gradeⅢ (medium).

blasting funnel test  /  combination weighting  /  cloud model  /  blastability grading
史涵虚, 周传波, 张升, 马义全, 蒋楠, 田飞. 基于CWM和CM的长滩露天矿深孔台阶爆破岩体可爆性评价. 爆破, 2024 , 41 (1) : 51 -59 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.008
Han-xu SHI, Chuan-bo ZHOU, Sheng ZHANG, Yi-quan MA, Nan JIANG, Fei TIAN. Evaluation on Rock Mass Blastability of Deep Hole Bench Blasting in Changtan Open-pit Mine based on CWM and CM[J]. Blasting, 2024 , 41 (1) : 51 -59 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.008
岩体可爆性是指岩体在爆破作用下产生破坏的难易程度,岩体可爆性分级是依据分级标准表对岩体的爆破性作出合理评判。爆破是矿山生产的重要环节之一,矿岩爆破效果的好坏直接关系到后续的铲装和运输,进而影响整个矿山的生产效率和经济效益[1,2]。在矿山生产爆破中,对于不同的岩性条件,选择与之相匹配的炸药,确定合理的爆破参数才能得到良好的爆破效果。而选择高匹配性炸药、确定合理的爆破参数就必须先对矿岩的可爆性有充分的了解,并对其进行可爆性分级[3,4]
目前,国内外相关专家学者关于岩体可爆性做了大量研究[5-11]。Azimi提出了一种模糊集理论方法来研究岩体可爆性指标[12],最后预测岩体可爆性。马康等利用灰色关联相对贴近度(GCRN)来反映各可爆性等级之间的差别[13],确定各可爆性等级对应的灰色关联相对贴近度区间,以此划分岩体的可爆性等级。张紫晗等选取岩石单轴抗压强度与单轴抗拉强度比值作为岩石脆性指数[14],将岩石脆性指数、岩石容重、完整系数、动载强度作为岩体可爆性分级指标,运用熵权法建立属性识别模型,进行岩体可爆性分级。钟冬望等提出了一种岩石爆破性稳健模糊分级方法[15],该方法基于能量平衡准则为主要依据,并以纵波速度准则为辅助。这种综合判据可以较好地评估岩石的爆破性。姜翠萍等选择普氏系数、波阻抗、炸药单耗、平均裂隙间距等四个指标建立了基于加权聚类分析的岩体可爆性综合评判模型[16]。冯夏庭等运用人工神经网络理论[17],选取了大块率、爆破漏斗体积、平均合格率、波阻抗和小块率这五个指标,建立了多层前馈神经网络模型,用于对岩体的可爆性特征进行分级。
研究基于长滩露天矿区深孔台阶爆破开挖,进行现场单孔爆破漏斗试验、岩体声波测试、室内岩石力学试验和岩石声波测试等试验得到对应试验平盘岩体的岩石密度、岩石单轴抗压强度、岩体完整性系数、炸药单耗。最后运用组合赋权和云模型的分级方法明确长滩露天煤矿岩体的可爆性特征,研究结果可以为爆破参数选取提供科学依据,进而在避免爆破器材浪费的同时方便后续铲装作业,对于提高长滩露天煤矿生产效率,节约经济成本具有重要意义。此外,选取的评价指标、确定的评价标准以及采用的评价方法可以为其他矿区开展可爆性分级提供新的思路和方法。
长滩露天煤矿位于内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗,鄂尔多斯市区东部110 km,准格尔旗薛家湾镇南部28 km。矿区内的大部分地表都被第四系的风积沙和黄土覆盖着,局部的梁顶或冲沟中才可以看到出露的基岩。该地区的地层从底部到顶部依次为:第四系的全新统和上更新统的近代沉积、第三系的上新统、上二叠统的上石盒子组、下二叠统的下石盒子组和山西组、上石炭统的太原组、中石炭统的本溪组、奥陶系。
长滩矿区位于黄土高原地区,黄土在此地覆盖范围广泛且厚度较大,具有较弱的固结性,同时也存在发育良好的垂直节理。由于长期受到风蚀和水流侵蚀的影响,地表形成了众多树枝状的冲沟,导致地形变得复杂多样。矿区由北而南较大沟谷为阴背沟、周家沟、魏家沟,均属十里长川流域的支沟。十里长川基本沿矿区的西界自北而南通过。在沟谷的局部地段见有发育在黄土层中的滑坡现象。地表见黄土喀斯特现象,如:黄土洞穴、黄土井、黄土桥、黄土柱。
矿区内岩体主要以不同种类砂岩和泥岩为主,需要爆破剥离的岩石地层主要位于石炭系太原组、二叠系山西组和下石盒子组,其中主要岩石的物理力学性质及其质量指标见表1所示。
表1可得,不同种类岩体,单轴抗压强度、凝聚力、内摩擦角等物理力学参数相差较大,部分同一类型岩体,物理力学参数、岩石质量指标的取值范围跨度较大。这表明,岩体基本质量不仅在不同岩性中存在差异,即使在同一种岩性中,由于风化程度、结构面分布不同等原因也存在较大差异。故在进行可爆性分级时,不仅要对岩性相差较大的不同岩体进行分级,还应该对完整性相差较大的同类岩体作出分级。
指标的选取对岩体可爆性分级至关重要,关系到能否全面概括岩体的可爆性特征,以及获取参数的难易程度。而选择合理的指标之后,准确地获取待评价岩体的各指标参数也是重中之重,关系到可爆性结果的准确与否。本文参考相关文献[1118],选取岩石密度、岩石单轴抗压强度、岩体完整性系数、炸药单耗4个参数作为岩体可爆性指标。
结合现场施工情况,根据前文中岩石的物理力学性质,岩体完整程度,在已揭露的地层中选取有代表性的不同种类岩体,以及地质构造、岩体结构差异较大的同种类型岩体作为试验场地。最终选取了不同开采平盘的四个区域,分别位于1130平盘(灰绿色粗砂岩)、1115平盘(黄绿色中砂岩)、1100平盘(紫红色砂质泥岩)、1145平盘(紫红色泥岩)。现场试验场地位置示意图如图1所示。
由于矿山露天爆破是对自然岩体进行爆破,故岩石密度选用岩石天然密度,开展单孔爆破漏斗试验的已揭露岩层采用室内试验实测数据。在现场爆破漏斗试验场地,切割为直径50 mm,高30 mm的圆柱体,计算体积并称重,得出其密度,同时开展单轴抗压试验。密度和单轴抗压强度测试及计算数据见表2所示。
岩体完整性系数能较好地反映了岩体中节理裂隙等地质不连续面的发育程度。计算方法为岩体与岩石的纵波速度之比的平方,公式如下
式中:Kv为岩体完整性指数;Vpm为岩体纵波速度;Vpr为室内岩石(块)纵波速度。
在试验场地钻取深度1.5 m,直径40 mm的孔,采用RSM—SY6基桩声波监测仪对现场岩体进行声波测试,孔内每20 cm取一次数据,如图2所示。岩体测试后取现场岩块开展室内试验,测试岩石的声波波速,如图2所示。最终统计计算得到各试验场地岩体、岩石声波波速、岩体完整性系数如表3所示。
炸药单耗是长滩露天煤矿的可爆性分级指标之一,其参数获取应具有统一的标准。在装药量固定不变,改变药包埋深的情况下,药包爆破形成漏斗体积最大时的爆破漏斗称为最佳爆破漏斗。最佳爆破漏斗的炸药单耗称为最佳爆破漏斗单耗。
爆破漏斗试验均采用直径32 mm,长280 mm,长径比8.75的二号岩石乳化炸药柱状药包,重量为300 g(一卷)。在进行装药前,对较深的炮孔进行调整,使其达到设计装药深度,并加入少量岩屑作为垫层。然后使用炮棍将药包装填到设计位置,并在孔口堵塞炮泥。炮孔装药结构见图3所示。数码雷管起爆,炮孔之间延时间隔为2 s,以便在爆破过程中开展振动监测工作。
选好场地并指导现场施工人员进行装药,然后进行爆破,确认安全后进行爆破漏斗相关参数的测量,具体现场爆破漏斗试验部分爆破效果图如图4所示。
综合现场试验结果,可以得到长滩露天煤矿单孔爆破漏斗试验结果如表4所示。表中数据表征了不同地质条件下,装药量不变,改变炮孔深度(即药包中心埋深)时,爆破漏斗体积、炸药单耗的变化规律。
结合表4中数据,根据最小二乘法原理,对上述爆破漏斗试验数据进行4次多项式拟合,得到爆破漏斗特征曲线及拟合曲线如图5所示。
图5中表达式得到第一次试验破漏斗最佳埋深为0.39 m,最佳爆破漏斗体积为0.49 m3,对应炸药单耗为0.61 kg/m3。第二次试验爆破漏斗最佳埋深为0.34 m,最佳爆破漏斗体积为0.39 m3,对应炸药单耗为0.77 kg/m3。第三次试验爆破漏斗最佳埋深为0.50 m,最佳爆破漏斗体积为0.24 m3,对应炸药单耗为1.25 kg/m3。第四次试验爆破漏斗最佳埋深为0.58 m,最佳爆破漏斗体积为0.36 m3,对应炸药单耗为0.83 kg/m3
参考相关文献中的分级标准,可爆性分级一般确定分级档数为5~7级,当分级档数较少时,分级的作用无法体现出来,当档数太多时,分级过程中容易产生误判[11,19,20]。结合长滩露天煤矿勘察资料中指标的取值范围,最终确定了如表5所示的可爆性分级标准。
目前的研究中,层次分析法按照评价人员的主观评价进行权重计算[21],熵权法完全利用数据自身的客观属性进行科学评价[22],两种赋权法都具有各自的优势和特点,但单纯使用一种方法考虑不够全面,可能导致指标权重与实际不符。而组合赋权法(CWM)可以综合考虑人为打分的主观性和指标参数反映的客观性,将主观和客观赋权结合起来,得到科学合理的指标权重[23,24]。云模型(CM)能够基于MATLAB编程准确、快捷的得出分级结果[25,26,27]。故本研究结合组合赋权和云模型,使用MATLAB对样本数据进行处理分析,最后得到长滩露天煤矿岩体可爆性分级结果。
利用MATLAB软件,将基于组合赋权和正向正态云模型的可爆性分级方法进行编程,将分级标准带入云模型的X条件云发生器,求出各个指标隶属于某等级的隶属度,最终得到隶属度矩阵。关于岩石密度、抗压强度、炸药单耗、岩体完整性系数4个指标的正态云隶属度函数见图6所示。
其中层次分析法取1~9尺度,考虑各指标的相对重要性,综合相关文献[2829],得到各个指标的相对重要性如表6所示。
编程中层次分析法的判断矩阵即按照上述打分表构建的矩阵R
将前文中4次单孔爆破漏斗试验及各项室内外测试的结果进行统计,可以得到长滩矿区已揭露岩层的可爆性评价指标参数值,如表7所示。
利用正向云发生器产生的隶属度函数矩阵,将统计的各指标的参数,即表7代入等级云模型构建的正向云发生器,最终得到不同试验场地等级隶属度见表8所示。
根据隶属度最大原则得到四种岩体的可爆性分级结果见表9所示。
由上表可得,四种已揭露岩体的分级结果为:1130平盘的灰绿色粗砂岩为Ⅲ级(中等),1115平盘的黄绿色中砂岩为Ⅱ级(较难爆),1100平盘的紫红色砂质泥岩为Ⅰ级(难爆),1145平盘的紫红色泥岩为Ⅲ级(中等)。
以长滩矿区深孔台阶爆破开挖为依托,采用现场爆破漏斗试验和声波测试、密度测试等室内测试手段对已揭露台阶面取样岩石的最佳爆破漏斗单耗、抗压强度、密度、岩石完整性系数等参数进行测试,并基于组合赋权和云模型的可爆性分级方法对4种已揭露岩体的可爆性进行了分级,主要研究结论如下:
(1)长滩露天矿不同种类岩体,单轴抗压强度、凝聚力、内摩擦角等物理力学参数相差较大,部分同一类型岩体,物理力学参数、岩石质量指标的取值范围跨度较大。
(2)由于岩体的风化程度、结构面分布不同以及岩石性质等属性存在差异,本文依据现场实地勘察和试验,结合相关文献,提出了一种基于组合赋权和云模型的可爆性分级方法。
(3)通过现场单孔爆破漏斗试验、岩体声波测试、室内岩石力学试验、岩石声波测试和有限元数值模拟获取了已揭露岩体的岩石密度、岩石单轴抗压强度、岩体完整性系数、炸药单耗等分级指标的参量。
(4)利用该可爆性分级方法对长滩露天煤矿已揭露岩体的可爆性做出了分级。四种已揭露岩体的分级结果为:1130平盘的灰绿色粗砂岩为Ⅲ级(中等),1115平盘的黄绿色中砂岩为Ⅱ级(较难爆),1100平盘的紫红色砂质泥岩为Ⅰ级(难爆),1145平盘的紫红色泥岩为Ⅲ级(中等)。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41972286)
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.008
  • 接收时间:2023-11-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-03-01
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-08
基金
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41972286)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41972286)
作者信息
    1.中国地质大学(武汉) 工程学院,武汉 430074
    2.内蒙古生力中伟爆破有限责任公司,鄂尔多斯 010300

通讯作者:

周传波(1963-),男,教授,从事工程爆破、岩土工程方面的研究,(E-mail)
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2024.01.008
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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